Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.422
Lvrui Li , Haicheng Xuan , Jie Wang , Xiaohong Liang , Yuping Li , Zhida Han , Long Cheng
Developing robust nonprecious metal-based electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential for hydrogen production via electrochemical water splitting. Herein, the NiFeCoCuTi alloy is described as a multisite electrocatalyst for highly effective hydrogen and oxygen evolution in alkaline environments. This is achieved by utilizing heterogeneous atoms on the surface that exhibit distinct adsorption behaviors for hydrogen and hydroxyl, thereby accelerating the dissociation of water and mediating the adsorption of hydrogen intermediates required for molecule formation. The monolithic nanoporous multi-metal NiFeCoCuTi alloy electrode displays remarkable alkaline HER and OER electrocatalysis, exhibiting low overpotentials of 48.7 and 264.2 mV, respectively, to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Furthermore, it demonstrates exceptional stability for over 100 h in 1 M KOH electrolyte. The exceptional qualities of nanoporous NiFeCoCuTi alloy electrodes make them a highly desirable option for utilization as the cathode and anode material in water electrolysis, which produces hydrogen. They also imply that this is the optimal platform for the development of multisite electrocatalysts.
开发出性能稳定的非贵金属基析氢反应(HER)和析氧反应(OER)电催化剂是实现电化学水裂解制氢的必要条件。在此,NiFeCoCuTi合金被描述为在碱性环境中高效析氢和析氧的多位点电催化剂。这是通过利用表面上对氢和羟基表现出不同吸附行为的异质原子来实现的,从而加速了水的解离,并介导了分子形成所需的氢中间体的吸附。单片纳米多孔多金属NiFeCoCuTi合金电极表现出良好的碱性HER和OER电催化作用,其过电位分别为48.7和264.2 mV,电流密度为10 mA cm−2。此外,它在1 M KOH电解质中表现出超过100小时的优异稳定性。纳米多孔NiFeCoCuTi合金电极的卓越品质使其成为水电解(产生氢气)中阴极和阳极材料的非常理想的选择。他们还暗示这是开发多位点电催化剂的最佳平台。
{"title":"Nanoporous nonprecious multi-metal alloys as multisite electrocatalysts for efficient overall water splitting","authors":"Lvrui Li , Haicheng Xuan , Jie Wang , Xiaohong Liang , Yuping Li , Zhida Han , Long Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing robust nonprecious metal-based electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential for hydrogen production via electrochemical water splitting. Herein, the NiFeCoCuTi alloy is described as a multisite electrocatalyst for highly effective hydrogen and oxygen evolution in alkaline environments. This is achieved by utilizing heterogeneous atoms on the surface that exhibit distinct adsorption behaviors for hydrogen and hydroxyl, thereby accelerating the dissociation of water and mediating the adsorption of hydrogen intermediates required for molecule formation. The monolithic nanoporous multi-metal NiFeCoCuTi alloy electrode displays remarkable alkaline HER and OER electrocatalysis, exhibiting low overpotentials of 48.7 and 264.2 mV, respectively, to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Furthermore, it demonstrates exceptional stability for over 100 h in 1 M KOH electrolyte. The exceptional qualities of nanoporous NiFeCoCuTi alloy electrodes make them a highly desirable option for utilization as the cathode and anode material in water electrolysis, which produces hydrogen. They also imply that this is the optimal platform for the development of multisite electrocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 38-45"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.401
Ahmad Rezaee Jordehi , Seyed Amir Mansouri , Marcos Tostado-Véliz , Murodbek Safaraliev , Seyed Mehdi Hakimi , Mohammad Nasir
Energy hubs are efficient energy systems in which multiple energy carriers are converted, conditioned and stored to supply multiple forms of energy demands such as electricity, gas and heat. On the other hand, the penetration of fuel cell vehicles in transportation sector is increasing. The role of hydrogen refuelling stations is to inject hydrogen into fuel cell vehicles. A hydrogen refuelling station may absorb its required electricity from an energy hub. The operational planning of the microgrids with hydrogen refuelling station-integrated energy hubs has not been addressed before; therefore, the main goal of this research is to develop a hierarchical stochastic framework for operational planning of isolated microgrids with hydrogen refuelling station-integrated energy hubs, considering the uncertainties. In a hierarchical framework, the players are not obliged to submit their models to a central agent, so the privacy of players is preserved; moreover, it is computationally inexpensive. Mixed-integer linear programming models are used for hydrogen refuelling stations and energy hubs, while a mixed-integer quadratic programming model is used for modeling microgrid. CPLEX and GUROBI solvers are respectively used for solving the developed models. SCENRED module is used for scenario reduction. The studied microgrid is a renewable-rich 69-bus radial network. The findings approve the efficiency of the proposed methodology. The impact of batteries and wind generators on the operation of energy hubs has been evaluated.
{"title":"A tri-level stochastic model for operational planning of microgrids with hydrogen refuelling station-integrated energy hubs","authors":"Ahmad Rezaee Jordehi , Seyed Amir Mansouri , Marcos Tostado-Véliz , Murodbek Safaraliev , Seyed Mehdi Hakimi , Mohammad Nasir","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy hubs are efficient energy systems in which multiple energy carriers are converted, conditioned and stored to supply multiple forms of energy demands such as electricity, gas and heat. On the other hand, the penetration of fuel cell vehicles in transportation sector is increasing. The role of hydrogen refuelling stations is to inject hydrogen into fuel cell vehicles. A hydrogen refuelling station may absorb its required electricity from an energy hub. The operational planning of the microgrids with hydrogen refuelling station-integrated energy hubs has not been addressed before; therefore, the main goal of this research is to develop a hierarchical stochastic framework for operational planning of isolated microgrids with hydrogen refuelling station-integrated energy hubs, considering the uncertainties. In a hierarchical framework, the players are not obliged to submit their models to a central agent, so the privacy of players is preserved; moreover, it is computationally inexpensive. Mixed-integer linear programming models are used for hydrogen refuelling stations and energy hubs, while a mixed-integer quadratic programming model is used for modeling microgrid. CPLEX and GUROBI solvers are respectively used for solving the developed models. SCENRED module is used for scenario reduction. The studied microgrid is a renewable-rich 69-bus radial network. The findings approve the efficiency of the proposed methodology. The impact of batteries and wind generators on the operation of energy hubs has been evaluated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 1131-1145"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.335
Jiakang Li , Chunsheng Qiu , Nannan Liu , Xu Chen , Yaping Zhang , Chenchen Wang , Li Qi , Shaopo Wang
Biochars were prepared through the pyrolysis of sawdust at 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C, respectively, under oxygen-limited conditions. The basic physicochemical properties of biochars were explored by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), surface area and porosity analyzer (BET), and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The effects of biochar addition on the methane yield and microbial community structure of anaerobic digestion of food waste were also investigated. SEM images showed that biochar had a honeycomb-like pore structure, EDS analysis showed that the C content in the biochar tended to increase, and the O contents tended to decrease with the increasing temperature. The specific surface area of biochars increased from 1.2014 m2/g (300 °C) to 326.8435 m2/g (700 °C). FTIR analysis showed that the number of different surface functional groups decreased with the increasing temperature. The addition of biochar could increase the cumulative methane volume by 11.63%–25.18%. High-throughput sequencing results showed that biochar addition could increase the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetota, which were associated with the degradation of refractory organic matters. Meanwhile, biochar addition could enrich the relative abundance of methanogens participating in direct electron transfer (Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina), and methanogens producing methane through multiple pathways (Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina). The addition of biochar derived at 700 °C significantly increased the relative abundance of Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina from 1.96% and 0.70% (control group) to 32.68% and 64.69%, respectively and improved methane production by transforming acetoclastic/hydrogenotrophic methanogenic pathways to more metabolically diverse methanogenic pathways.
{"title":"Impact of biochar prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures on the methane production and microbial community structure of food waste anaerobic digestion","authors":"Jiakang Li , Chunsheng Qiu , Nannan Liu , Xu Chen , Yaping Zhang , Chenchen Wang , Li Qi , Shaopo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochars were prepared through the pyrolysis of sawdust at 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C, respectively, under oxygen-limited conditions. The basic physicochemical properties of biochars were explored by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), surface area and porosity analyzer (BET), and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The effects of biochar addition on the methane yield and microbial community structure of anaerobic digestion of food waste were also investigated. SEM images showed that biochar had a honeycomb-like pore structure, EDS analysis showed that the C content in the biochar tended to increase, and the O contents tended to decrease with the increasing temperature. The specific surface area of biochars increased from 1.2014 m<sup>2</sup>/g (300 °C) to 326.8435 m<sup>2</sup>/g (700 °C). FTIR analysis showed that the number of different surface functional groups decreased with the increasing temperature. The addition of biochar could increase the cumulative methane volume by 11.63%–25.18%. High-throughput sequencing results showed that biochar addition could increase the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetota, which were associated with the degradation of refractory organic matters. Meanwhile, biochar addition could enrich the relative abundance of methanogens participating in direct electron transfer (<em>Methanosaeta</em> and <em>Methanosarcina</em>), and methanogens producing methane through multiple pathways (<em>Methanobacterium</em> and <em>Methanosarcina</em>). The addition of biochar derived at 700 °C significantly increased the relative abundance of <em>Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina</em> from 1.96% and 0.70% (control group) to 32.68% and 64.69%, respectively and improved methane production by transforming acetoclastic/hydrogenotrophic methanogenic pathways to more metabolically diverse methanogenic pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 860-869"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.215
Thomas Hafner , Johannes Macher , Stefan Brandstätter , Alexander Trattner
Polymers are essential materials for high-pressure hydrogen systems, especially in type IV and V hydrogen storage tanks. Extreme operating conditions, with pressures up to 875 bar and temperatures from −40 °C to 85 °C pose serious challenges for these polymeric materials. In particular, the permeation of hydrogen through such materials, a key property for these applications, is strongly influenced by these environmental conditions. A new permeation test setup for pressures up to 1000 bar and a temperature range of 0–85 °C was developed to characterize the hydrogen permeation properties of polymer materials and to evaluate their suitability for storage applications. The reproducibility of the permeation coefficients obtained with the permeation test setup was verified within this work, by repeated tests with pressures of up to 800 bar on high-density polyethylene. In addition, calculations of statistical deviation and error propagation were performed to further validate the performance of the test setup.
{"title":"Advancing hydrogen storage: Development and verification of a high-pressure permeation test setup for polymeric barrier materials","authors":"Thomas Hafner , Johannes Macher , Stefan Brandstätter , Alexander Trattner","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymers are essential materials for high-pressure hydrogen systems, especially in type IV and V hydrogen storage tanks. Extreme operating conditions, with pressures up to 875 bar and temperatures from −40 °C to 85 °C pose serious challenges for these polymeric materials. In particular, the permeation of hydrogen through such materials, a key property for these applications, is strongly influenced by these environmental conditions. A new permeation test setup for pressures up to 1000 bar and a temperature range of 0–85 °C was developed to characterize the hydrogen permeation properties of polymer materials and to evaluate their suitability for storage applications. The reproducibility of the permeation coefficients obtained with the permeation test setup was verified within this work, by repeated tests with pressures of up to 800 bar on high-density polyethylene. In addition, calculations of statistical deviation and error propagation were performed to further validate the performance of the test setup.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 882-891"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.233
Lijun Fang , ChenKai Liu , Yonghong Feng , Zefan Gao , Shilong Chen , Mingye Huang , Han Ge , Linbin Huang , Zhengyang Gao , Weijie Yang
Nanoconfinement effect is crucial to improve the dehydrogenation kinetics of MgH2. However, the underlying micro-mechanism for nanoconfinement effect of carbon-based carrier on MgH2 nanoparticles is still ambiguous, hindering the design of carbon-based nanoconfined MgH2 nanoparticles. To address this dilemma, we applied density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the interaction between carbon-based carrier and MgH2 nanoparticles. To analyze this issue, we designed various systems of carbon nanotubes nanoconfined MgH2 nanoparticles, with the range of particle size/pore size ratio from 0.3 to 0.8. The interaction strength between carbon-based carrier and MgH2 nanoparticles gradually increases with the increase of particle size/pore size ratio, and the dehydrogenation temperature decreases with the increase of particle size/pore size ratio. The electron of carbon-based carrier will transfer to MgH2 nanoparticles, leading to the weakening of Mg–H bonds. The weakened Mg–H bonds corresponding to lower dehydrogenation barrier, which is consistent with the phenomenon that the dehydrogenation temperature is inversely proportional to particle size/pore size ratio in calculations and experiments. This work not only elucidates the size-dependent nanoconfinement effects on MgH2 from a microscopic perspective, but also provides the theoretical basis for the design and development of carbon-based nanoconfined MgH2 nanoparticles.
{"title":"Size-dependent nanoconfinement effects in magnesium hydride","authors":"Lijun Fang , ChenKai Liu , Yonghong Feng , Zefan Gao , Shilong Chen , Mingye Huang , Han Ge , Linbin Huang , Zhengyang Gao , Weijie Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoconfinement effect is crucial to improve the dehydrogenation kinetics of MgH<sub>2</sub>. However, the underlying micro-mechanism for nanoconfinement effect of carbon-based carrier on MgH<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles is still ambiguous, hindering the design of carbon-based nanoconfined MgH<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. To address this dilemma, we applied density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the interaction between carbon-based carrier and MgH<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. To analyze this issue, we designed various systems of carbon nanotubes nanoconfined MgH<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, with the range of particle size/pore size ratio from 0.3 to 0.8. The interaction strength between carbon-based carrier and MgH<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles gradually increases with the increase of particle size/pore size ratio, and the dehydrogenation temperature decreases with the increase of particle size/pore size ratio. The electron of carbon-based carrier will transfer to MgH<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, leading to the weakening of Mg–H bonds. The weakened Mg–H bonds corresponding to lower dehydrogenation barrier, which is consistent with the phenomenon that the dehydrogenation temperature is inversely proportional to particle size/pore size ratio in calculations and experiments. This work not only elucidates the size-dependent nanoconfinement effects on MgH<sub>2</sub> from a microscopic perspective, but also provides the theoretical basis for the design and development of carbon-based nanoconfined MgH<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 783-793"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.369
Chao Guo, Li Chen, Wenquan Tao
Microreactor is a promising technique for producing hydrogen by ammonia catalytic decomposition. In this study, a topology optimization (TO) model is developed to optimize the distribution of porous catalysts in microreactors to improve the conversion from ammonia (NH3) to hydrogen (H₂), which considers the fully coupled processes of flow, heat transfer, mass transport and reaction with variable physical properties. Dual objectives of reducing the flow resistance and decreasing the average temperature of the microreactor are employed for the TO model to generate innovative structures. The effects of different weight coefficients, input heat, volume fractions of the catalyst, and microreactor sizes on TO structures are explored. As validated by three-dimensional (3D) simulations, the TO microreactor can obtain lower pressure drop, lower average temperature, and higher NH3 conversion compared to traditional microreactors. At a weight coefficient of 0.95 and a catalyst volume fraction of 0.6, the optimized microreactor shows a 5.78% increase in NH3 conversion, an 18.05% decrease in pressure drop, and a 4.26% decrease in average temperature compared to the traditional straight-channel microreactor. Finally, it is interesting to find that all TO structures generated are characterized by the gradually decreased size of the catalyst block along the flow direction which allows more NH3 to be decomposed at higher temperature regions with higher reaction rates, leading to higher conversion. The present study provides valuable insights for the design of next generation microreactors with enhanced performance.
{"title":"Topology optimization of microreactors for hydrogen production by ammonia catalytic decomposition","authors":"Chao Guo, Li Chen, Wenquan Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microreactor is a promising technique for producing hydrogen by ammonia catalytic decomposition. In this study, a topology optimization (TO) model is developed to optimize the distribution of porous catalysts in microreactors to improve the conversion from ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) to hydrogen (H₂), which considers the fully coupled processes of flow, heat transfer, mass transport and reaction with variable physical properties. Dual objectives of reducing the flow resistance and decreasing the average temperature of the microreactor are employed for the TO model to generate innovative structures. The effects of different weight coefficients, input heat, volume fractions of the catalyst, and microreactor sizes on TO structures are explored. As validated by three-dimensional (3D) simulations, the TO microreactor can obtain lower pressure drop, lower average temperature, and higher NH<sub>3</sub> conversion compared to traditional microreactors. At a weight coefficient of 0.95 and a catalyst volume fraction of 0.6, the optimized microreactor shows a 5.78% increase in NH<sub>3</sub> conversion, an 18.05% decrease in pressure drop, and a 4.26% decrease in average temperature compared to the traditional straight-channel microreactor. Finally, it is interesting to find that all TO structures generated are characterized by the gradually decreased size of the catalyst block along the flow direction which allows more NH<sub>3</sub> to be decomposed at higher temperature regions with higher reaction rates, leading to higher conversion. The present study provides valuable insights for the design of next generation microreactors with enhanced performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 923-937"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.388
Irshad Ahmad , Mohammed Qasem Alfaifi , Samia Ben Ahmed , Marwan M. Abduljawad , Yasser A. Alassmy , Sultan A. Alshuhri , Tensangmu Lama Tamang
Photocatalysis via sunlight conversion holds an enormous potential for tackling universal energy demand and environmental pollution. However, the inadequate conversion of irradiated sunlight severely limits the efficiency of semiconductor photocatalysts, where usually responsible factors, including light absorption, separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, and interfacial charge kinetics do not contribute efficiently. Herein, the recent advances in the most versatile and emerging design strategies as viable routes to overcome inadequate sunlight conversion efficiency in photocatalytic applications are discussed. This review first introduces various design strategies to expand the spectral response of photocatalysts, which extend light harvesting toward a large fraction of the solar spectrum, and dictate how photons' high potential is utilized to generate electron-hole pairs. We then discuss efficient strategies to obtain high separation of electron-hole pairs, and—when compared to high recombination loss of charge carriers—increased lifetime plays a pivotal role in promoting sunlight conversion. Furthermore, to elucidate the relationship between charge kinetics and sunlight conversion, the next section includes an in-depth discussion of various strategies, which clarify that charge migration and subsequent utilization can be enhanced by manipulating charge kinetics. Novel insights into the future views, which illustrate how high-performance photocatalysts require enhanced sunlight conversion, are also discussed. This review offers guidance toward emerging photocatalytic strategies for improved sunlight conversion.
{"title":"Strategies for optimizing sunlight conversion in semiconductor photocatalysts: A review of experimental and theoretical insights","authors":"Irshad Ahmad , Mohammed Qasem Alfaifi , Samia Ben Ahmed , Marwan M. Abduljawad , Yasser A. Alassmy , Sultan A. Alshuhri , Tensangmu Lama Tamang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalysis via sunlight conversion holds an enormous potential for tackling universal energy demand and environmental pollution. However, the inadequate conversion of irradiated sunlight severely limits the efficiency of semiconductor photocatalysts, where usually responsible factors, including light absorption, separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, and interfacial charge kinetics do not contribute efficiently. Herein, the recent advances in the most versatile and emerging design strategies as viable routes to overcome inadequate sunlight conversion efficiency in photocatalytic applications are discussed. This review first introduces various design strategies to expand the spectral response of photocatalysts, which extend light harvesting toward a large fraction of the solar spectrum, and dictate how photons' high potential is utilized to generate electron-hole pairs. We then discuss efficient strategies to obtain high separation of electron-hole pairs, and—when compared to high recombination loss of charge carriers—increased lifetime plays a pivotal role in promoting sunlight conversion. Furthermore, to elucidate the relationship between charge kinetics and sunlight conversion, the next section includes an in-depth discussion of various strategies, which clarify that charge migration and subsequent utilization can be enhanced by manipulating charge kinetics. Novel insights into the future views, which illustrate how high-performance photocatalysts require enhanced sunlight conversion, are also discussed. This review offers guidance toward emerging photocatalytic strategies for improved sunlight conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 1006-1066"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An analytical equation for limiting the minimum reactive power of a salient-pole generator according to the condition of ensuring static stability for a given safety factor, current active power and voltage is obtained. Overall, group reactive power controllers have proven to be a highly effective solution for controlling reactive power in power systems. They offer several advantages over traditional individual controllers, including increased system stability, reduced losses, and reduced costs. When designing and deploying these controllers, it is important to consider factors such as system topology, load characteristics, and more. Overall, group reactive power controllers represent a promising technology for improving the efficiency and reliability of power systems, and further research and development in this area is needed.
{"title":"Novel technologies for optimization of hydroelectric power plants with hydrogen energy storage system","authors":"YuV. Kazantsev, D.V. D.V. Kornilovich, A.I. Khalyasmaa, A.A. Arhipov, A.V. Miklukhin, L. Yu Sergievichev, M.V. Tsuran","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An analytical equation for limiting the minimum reactive power of a salient-pole generator according to the condition of ensuring static stability for a given safety factor, current active power and voltage is obtained. Overall, group reactive power controllers have proven to be a highly effective solution for controlling reactive power in power systems. They offer several advantages over traditional individual controllers, including increased system stability, reduced losses, and reduced costs. When designing and deploying these controllers, it is important to consider factors such as system topology, load characteristics, and more. Overall, group reactive power controllers represent a promising technology for improving the efficiency and reliability of power systems, and further research and development in this area is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 952-961"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.299
Xiang Liu , Ailing Zhang , Hao Yu , Liang Chen , Lei Zhang , Yong Zhao , Jialu Li , Weiqi Zhang , Zhiting Zhou , Yongyan Zhou , Yuanyuan Wang , Jian Zhen Ou
Alkaline water electrolysis is one of the primary drivers of hydrogen energy development, and anion exchange membranes (AEMs) play a dual role in ensuring both conductivity and safety. However, traditional polymer AEMs have a wide pore size distribution and poor chemical stability, making it difficult to achieve a long-term balance between conductivity and safety of the water electrolysis system. Here, we select inorganic two-dimensional multilayer graphene oxide (GO) membranes as AEMs, using carboxylated wrinkled graphene (WG) and ethylenediamine (EDA) to create a cation-modified porous EDA-WG/GO (E-W/G) composite membrane with a 3 nm pore size. The enlarged channel size and enhanced hydrophilicity improve OH− permeability compared to the pristine GO membrane, while the strengthened hydration layer acts as a barrier to hydrophobic gases for O2/H2 separation. The results show that the prepared E-W/G membrane exhibits superior current density (600 mA cm−2) and gas impermeability (gas purity 99.99%) compared to the commercial Fumasep FAA-3-50 membrane (590 mA cm−2 and 99.81%, respectively). Furthermore, after continuous testing for 168 h in high-temperature and alkaline environments, the E-W/G membrane maintained conductivity comparable to its initial state and showed enhanced gas impermeability. Our strategy provides new insights into the design of high-performance AEMs and is expected to contribute to the advancement of the hydrogen energy industry.
碱水电解是氢能发展的主要驱动力之一,而阴离子交换膜(AEMs)在确保电导率和安全性方面发挥着双重作用。然而,传统聚合物AEMs的孔径分布较宽,化学稳定性较差,难以实现水电解系统导电性与安全性的长期平衡。本文选择无机二维多层氧化石墨烯(GO)膜作为AEMs,采用羧化皱化石墨烯(WG)和乙二胺(EDA)制备了孔径为3nm的阳离子修饰多孔EDA-WG/GO (E-W/G)复合膜。与原始氧化石墨烯膜相比,增大的通道尺寸和增强的亲水性提高了OH -渗透性,而强化的水合层作为疏水气体的屏障,用于O2/H2分离。结果表明,制备的E-W/G膜具有良好的电流密度(600 mA cm−2)和气体不透气性(气体纯度99.99%),优于工业famasep fa -3-50膜(分别为590 mA cm−2和99.81%)。此外,在高温和碱性环境中连续测试168 h后,E-W/G膜保持了与初始状态相当的导电性,并表现出增强的抗气体渗透性。我们的战略为高性能AEMs的设计提供了新的见解,并有望为氢能产业的发展做出贡献。
{"title":"3 nm-sized porous graphene-based anion exchange membranes for efficient and stable water electrolysis","authors":"Xiang Liu , Ailing Zhang , Hao Yu , Liang Chen , Lei Zhang , Yong Zhao , Jialu Li , Weiqi Zhang , Zhiting Zhou , Yongyan Zhou , Yuanyuan Wang , Jian Zhen Ou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkaline water electrolysis is one of the primary drivers of hydrogen energy development, and anion exchange membranes (AEMs) play a dual role in ensuring both conductivity and safety. However, traditional polymer AEMs have a wide pore size distribution and poor chemical stability, making it difficult to achieve a long-term balance between conductivity and safety of the water electrolysis system. Here, we select inorganic two-dimensional multilayer graphene oxide (GO) membranes as AEMs, using carboxylated wrinkled graphene (WG) and ethylenediamine (EDA) to create a cation-modified porous EDA-WG/GO (E-W/G) composite membrane with a 3 nm pore size. The enlarged channel size and enhanced hydrophilicity improve OH<sup>−</sup> permeability compared to the pristine GO membrane, while the strengthened hydration layer acts as a barrier to hydrophobic gases for O<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> separation. The results show that the prepared E-W/G membrane exhibits superior current density (600 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) and gas impermeability (gas purity 99.99%) compared to the commercial Fumasep FAA-3-50 membrane (590 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and 99.81%, respectively). Furthermore, after continuous testing for 168 h in high-temperature and alkaline environments, the E-W/G membrane maintained conductivity comparable to its initial state and showed enhanced gas impermeability. Our strategy provides new insights into the design of high-performance AEMs and is expected to contribute to the advancement of the hydrogen energy industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 829-840"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Structural degradation and property decay of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) are primary causes for the stack performance and lifetime degradation. This study particularly investigates the structural damage and properties evolution of the catalyst-layer/microporous-layer (CL/MPL) interface in the MEA by conducting real-vehicle heavy-duty operational durability test and interfacial structure characterization. This research presents the first report and revelation of the causes and effects of CL/MPL interface imprints, and provides targeted advice for relieving MEA interfacial degradation. Results indicate that excessive assembly stress and stress variation during operation of stack causing the detachment of MPL materials at the region below the bipolar plate ridges is the essential cause of the imprints. The average surface contact angles of the aged CLs generally increase and the imprinted region exhibit stronger hydrophobicity than non-imprinted region due to the attachment of MPL materials. While the opposite is observed in MPL. Carbon corrosion induce structural degradation of the CL/MPL interface, leading to significant loss of carbon support and hydrophobic agent. The surface of aged CL become rougher and the pore size become more larger compared to the fresh CL. The formation of the interface imprint makes the contact between CL and MPL at the imprint region tighter, which reduces the interface resistance and inhibits the increase in ohmic polarization.
{"title":"New insights of the imprint at the catalyst-layer/ microporous-layer interface in PEMFC after heavy duty operation of commercial vehicles","authors":"Jialun Kang, Yingjian Zhou, Benhu Chen, Weibo Zheng, Bing Li, Cunman Zhang, Pingwen Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Structural degradation and property decay of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) are primary causes for the stack performance and lifetime degradation. This study particularly investigates the structural damage and properties evolution of the catalyst-layer/microporous-layer (CL/MPL) interface in the MEA by conducting real-vehicle heavy-duty operational durability test and interfacial structure characterization. This research presents the first report and revelation of the causes and effects of CL/MPL interface imprints, and provides targeted advice for relieving MEA interfacial degradation. Results indicate that excessive assembly stress and stress variation during operation of stack causing the detachment of MPL materials at the region below the bipolar plate ridges is the essential cause of the imprints. The average surface contact angles of the aged CLs generally increase and the imprinted region exhibit stronger hydrophobicity than non-imprinted region due to the attachment of MPL materials. While the opposite is observed in MPL. Carbon corrosion induce structural degradation of the CL/MPL interface, leading to significant loss of carbon support and hydrophobic agent. The surface of aged CL become rougher and the pore size become more larger compared to the fresh CL. The formation of the interface imprint makes the contact between CL and MPL at the imprint region tighter, which reduces the interface resistance and inhibits the increase in ohmic polarization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 995-1005"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}