Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718299
P. W. Nye
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques can be used to obtain basic dimensional data on vocal tract shapes, areas and volumes that are needed for the development of computational models of speech articulation and for aeroacoustic studies of sound production in the vocal tract. Sequences of MR images of tract shapes have been obtained from two subjects in the axial, coronal and sagittal planes while they produced sustained vowels. Three-dimensional (3-D) measurements of the tract shapes responsible for the vowel sounds of these subjects have been made by computer and then used to synthesize artificial vowels. A comparison of the acoustic features of the artificial vowels with the subjects' natural vowel productions provides an opportunity to test the accuracy of the 3-D measurements and/or acoustic theory.
{"title":"Measuring The Shape Of The Vocal Tract: An Application Of MRI","authors":"P. W. Nye","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718299","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques can be used to obtain basic dimensional data on vocal tract shapes, areas and volumes that are needed for the development of computational models of speech articulation and for aeroacoustic studies of sound production in the vocal tract. Sequences of MR images of tract shapes have been obtained from two subjects in the axial, coronal and sagittal planes while they produced sustained vowels. Three-dimensional (3-D) measurements of the tract shapes responsible for the vowel sounds of these subjects have been made by computer and then used to synthesize artificial vowels. A comparison of the acoustic features of the artificial vowels with the subjects' natural vowel productions provides an opportunity to test the accuracy of the 3-D measurements and/or acoustic theory.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133388722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718165
J. Golembeski
The configuration of future optical networks will depend on the performance of the underlying component technologies, the applications and types of traffic to be distributed, economic and regulatory issues and more. This paper addresses the first concern. Basic principles and other critical aspects of optical communication devices are presented. Available devices are used to design a basic link which best meets prescribed performance specifications. The link is then used as a building block and as a performance measure for computing various distribution networks. The paper closes by identifying key issues whose resolution is needed to facilitate wide spread adoption of optical distribution networks.
{"title":"Fiber System Principles And Design","authors":"J. Golembeski","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718165","url":null,"abstract":"The configuration of future optical networks will depend on the performance of the underlying component technologies, the applications and types of traffic to be distributed, economic and regulatory issues and more. This paper addresses the first concern. Basic principles and other critical aspects of optical communication devices are presented. Available devices are used to design a basic link which best meets prescribed performance specifications. The link is then used as a building block and as a performance measure for computing various distribution networks. The paper closes by identifying key issues whose resolution is needed to facilitate wide spread adoption of optical distribution networks.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133799174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718181
D. Misra, W. Carr
Recently the application of bulk and surface processing of silicon related materials has made it possible to successfully fabricate micromechanical structures in the range of 0.5 to 500 microns, which exhibits unrestrained motion over at least one degree of freedom. The sculptural fabrication techniques can be used to realize a variety of measurement devices (microengineered sensors). This paper describes the recent developments in the area of design, fabrication and operation of these microengineered sensors. The possible integration of the sensing elements with the signal processing circuit on one chip (the so called smart sensors) is also being discussed briefly.
{"title":"Microengineered Sensors: A Review","authors":"D. Misra, W. Carr","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718181","url":null,"abstract":"Recently the application of bulk and surface processing of silicon related materials has made it possible to successfully fabricate micromechanical structures in the range of 0.5 to 500 microns, which exhibits unrestrained motion over at least one degree of freedom. The sculptural fabrication techniques can be used to realize a variety of measurement devices (microengineered sensors). This paper describes the recent developments in the area of design, fabrication and operation of these microengineered sensors. The possible integration of the sensing elements with the signal processing circuit on one chip (the so called smart sensors) is also being discussed briefly.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115759395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718266
M. Morgan
This paper represents the design of a 2-way radio network which is currently being used to support the construction phase of the railway tunnels under the English Channel, between France and Southern England. The design has been presented previously, in quite some detail in a IEEE VTS paper, referenced at the end of this paper. The system design is based on VHF signal distribution via a medium of 'leaky feeder' coaxial cable and cascasded bidirectional repeater amplifiers. This new paper will describe an overview of the two systems, illustrating the differences between the system provided to France and the British system.
{"title":"Communications In The English Channel Tunnel","authors":"M. Morgan","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718266","url":null,"abstract":"This paper represents the design of a 2-way radio network which is currently being used to support the construction phase of the railway tunnels under the English Channel, between France and Southern England. The design has been presented previously, in quite some detail in a IEEE VTS paper, referenced at the end of this paper. The system design is based on VHF signal distribution via a medium of 'leaky feeder' coaxial cable and cascasded bidirectional repeater amplifiers. This new paper will describe an overview of the two systems, illustrating the differences between the system provided to France and the British system.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124242568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718163
F. L’esperance
The purpose of this short manuscript is to quickly familiarize the reader with the laser-tissue interactions of photocoagulation, photovaporization, photodisruption, photodynamic therapy, photoablative decomposition, and phototherapy and with the application of these laser-tissue interactions to various portions of the eye from the cornea posterior to the retina.
{"title":"New ophthalmic lasers and their potential therapeutic applications","authors":"F. L’esperance","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718163","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this short manuscript is to quickly familiarize the reader with the laser-tissue interactions of photocoagulation, photovaporization, photodisruption, photodynamic therapy, photoablative decomposition, and phototherapy and with the application of these laser-tissue interactions to various portions of the eye from the cornea posterior to the retina.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124535620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718286
R. Thornton
This paper summarizes work presently under way at MIT to determine some of the data needed to establish a national U. S. maglev system. Our work is focused on developing a narrow beam guideway for Electro Dynamic Suspension and Linear Synchronous Motor propulsion; a design that meets the needs of the U. S now and in the future. This guideway and motor are adaptable to a range of vehicle sizes and speeds so as to allow appropriate evolution. Present demand estimates are typically low enough that guideway cost is significantly higher than the sum of vehicle, labor, and maintenance costs. However, we know that with time the capital cost will be paid off and demand will increase until these other costs dominate. Thus it is necessary to be very careful in creating a guideway and motor design that will be suitable for the U. S. for many decades.
{"title":"Monorail Maglev Technology","authors":"R. Thornton","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718286","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes work presently under way at MIT to determine some of the data needed to establish a national U. S. maglev system. Our work is focused on developing a narrow beam guideway for Electro Dynamic Suspension and Linear Synchronous Motor propulsion; a design that meets the needs of the U. S now and in the future. This guideway and motor are adaptable to a range of vehicle sizes and speeds so as to allow appropriate evolution. Present demand estimates are typically low enough that guideway cost is significantly higher than the sum of vehicle, labor, and maintenance costs. However, we know that with time the capital cost will be paid off and demand will increase until these other costs dominate. Thus it is necessary to be very careful in creating a guideway and motor design that will be suitable for the U. S. for many decades.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114676936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718170
E. Goldberg
{"title":"User Definable Local Serial Bus Connects 4-/8-/16-Bit Microcontrollers","authors":"E. Goldberg","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718170","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116040729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718172
Jean-Paul Galarneau
{"title":"Global Marketing Of A New Video Technology","authors":"Jean-Paul Galarneau","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123599353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718275
G. V. Negrete, M. Robinson, R. Hammond
High quality high temperature superconducting (HTSC) thin films can have approximately 100 times lower microwave losses at 77K than the best normal metals. Because of this they can be used to fabricate microwave stripline devices and circuits with 100 times higher line-Q than is possible with normal metals. We have fabricated T1/sub 2/Ba/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 8/ superconducting thin films on LaA1O/sub 3/ substrates and measured their surface resistance at 9.55 GHz as a function of temperature and microwave power. In addition, we have fabricated microstrip devices with these films that can perform 100 times better than normal metal circuits at practical power levels in a broad range of microwave applications.
{"title":"Microwave Applications Of High Temperature Superconductivity","authors":"G. V. Negrete, M. Robinson, R. Hammond","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718275","url":null,"abstract":"High quality high temperature superconducting (HTSC) thin films can have approximately 100 times lower microwave losses at 77K than the best normal metals. Because of this they can be used to fabricate microwave stripline devices and circuits with 100 times higher line-Q than is possible with normal metals. We have fabricated T1/sub 2/Ba/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 8/ superconducting thin films on LaA1O/sub 3/ substrates and measured their surface resistance at 9.55 GHz as a function of temperature and microwave power. In addition, we have fabricated microstrip devices with these films that can perform 100 times better than normal metal circuits at practical power levels in a broad range of microwave applications.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125561304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718231
C. Huang
GaAs MMICs has found high volume applications in commercial satellite and fiber optic transmission systems. Several successful examples are given.
GaAs mmic在商业卫星和光纤传输系统中得到了大量应用。给出了几个成功的例子。
{"title":"MMICs For Commercial Fiber Optic And Satellite Applications","authors":"C. Huang","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718231","url":null,"abstract":"GaAs MMICs has found high volume applications in commercial satellite and fiber optic transmission systems. Several successful examples are given.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126481381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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