Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718291
R. Grace
A number of new OEM sensor technologies have been fully commercialized over the last decade, resulting in a proliferation of new applications. These "enabling" sensor technologies have furthered the development of new products that were heretofore precluded due to the prohibitive costs associated with traditional sensors. Sensor technologies which embrace batch processing techniques possess inherent features including: - high volume production capability - low manufacturing cost - high reliability - rugged item-to-item uniformity - small size. As such, they are becoming the technologies of choice. Not only are they being incorporated into new product design, but they are also replacing their large, costly and less reliable cousins in many applications. This scenario is analogous to digital watch IC technology replacing the standard "Swiss" or handmade watches. This paper will discuss a number of the more significant advanced sensor technologies available to the OEM designer and will provide background on the OEM sensor industry including its size, user needs and requirements.
{"title":"OEM Sensors For The '90's: An Overview Of Enabling Technologies","authors":"R. Grace","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718291","url":null,"abstract":"A number of new OEM sensor technologies have been fully commercialized over the last decade, resulting in a proliferation of new applications. These \"enabling\" sensor technologies have furthered the development of new products that were heretofore precluded due to the prohibitive costs associated with traditional sensors. Sensor technologies which embrace batch processing techniques possess inherent features including: - high volume production capability - low manufacturing cost - high reliability - rugged item-to-item uniformity - small size. As such, they are becoming the technologies of choice. Not only are they being incorporated into new product design, but they are also replacing their large, costly and less reliable cousins in many applications. This scenario is analogous to digital watch IC technology replacing the standard \"Swiss\" or handmade watches. This paper will discuss a number of the more significant advanced sensor technologies available to the OEM designer and will provide background on the OEM sensor industry including its size, user needs and requirements.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126257888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718175
D. Vilkomerson, B. Gardineer, D. Lyons
We will survey the present state of medical ultrasound imaging, and prognosticate on future developments. We assume the reader is an engineer with some knowledge of pulse-echo imaging techniques, such as radar and sonar. We will try to hit the high points, and provide a few key references for those who want to investigate these topics more deeply. In the presentation at Electro, we will show images; here we will endeavor to explain how those images were obtained. We apologize in advance for slighting some present achievements and future developments.
{"title":"Medical Ultrasonic Imaging - State-of-the-art And Future","authors":"D. Vilkomerson, B. Gardineer, D. Lyons","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718175","url":null,"abstract":"We will survey the present state of medical ultrasound imaging, and prognosticate on future developments. We assume the reader is an engineer with some knowledge of pulse-echo imaging techniques, such as radar and sonar. We will try to hit the high points, and provide a few key references for those who want to investigate these topics more deeply. In the presentation at Electro, we will show images; here we will endeavor to explain how those images were obtained. We apologize in advance for slighting some present achievements and future developments.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"11 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120840987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718219
J.D. Summerville
This paper shows the cost, size, and performance benefits that MMIC technology offers to the RF portions of EW systems. Repetitive functional blocks in receiver and exciter subsystems are discussed in MIC, first-cut MMIC/MIC, and then time-phased MMIC/MIC implementation to demonstrate the fact that MMIC is a dynamic technology, changing virtually on a daily basis.
{"title":"Microwave EW System Enhancements Using MMIC Technology","authors":"J.D. Summerville","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718219","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows the cost, size, and performance benefits that MMIC technology offers to the RF portions of EW systems. Repetitive functional blocks in receiver and exciter subsystems are discussed in MIC, first-cut MMIC/MIC, and then time-phased MMIC/MIC implementation to demonstrate the fact that MMIC is a dynamic technology, changing virtually on a daily basis.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115060754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718206
L.F. Blessman
Traditional systems design practices treat PLD design as a separate sub-process that is performed once the system architecture is defined well enough to allow blocks of logic to be partitioned for implementation using PLDs. As PLDs become more complex the overhead associated with handling PLD design as a separate sub-process increases and traditional PLD design methodologies become untenable. PLD design tools therefore need to be integrated within the overall systems design toolset to continue to handle the issues associated with modern systems design.
{"title":"Designing PLDs In The Systems Context","authors":"L.F. Blessman","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718206","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional systems design practices treat PLD design as a separate sub-process that is performed once the system architecture is defined well enough to allow blocks of logic to be partitioned for implementation using PLDs. As PLDs become more complex the overhead associated with handling PLD design as a separate sub-process increases and traditional PLD design methodologies become untenable. PLD design tools therefore need to be integrated within the overall systems design toolset to continue to handle the issues associated with modern systems design.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132840537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718196
S. J. Wartel
{"title":"Global Issues, Marketing In Europe Legal Considerations","authors":"S. J. Wartel","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133318996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718182
T. Roszhart
Miniature electromechanical resonators can be fabricated with manufacturing techniques similar to those used for integrated electronics. These "solid state" resonators have been successfully tested with frequencies from 10 Khz to more than 500 Mhz and with Q's greater than 500,000. The design and fabrication of miniature resonators made from single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and from multilayer silicon membranes are reviewed. The operating characteristics of these resonators are surveyed and potential applications in several areas are presented.
{"title":"Micromachined Silicon Resonators","authors":"T. Roszhart","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718182","url":null,"abstract":"Miniature electromechanical resonators can be fabricated with manufacturing techniques similar to those used for integrated electronics. These \"solid state\" resonators have been successfully tested with frequencies from 10 Khz to more than 500 Mhz and with Q's greater than 500,000. The design and fabrication of miniature resonators made from single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and from multilayer silicon membranes are reviewed. The operating characteristics of these resonators are surveyed and potential applications in several areas are presented.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"56 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132899783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718171
J. Strasser
During the last eight to ten years, the United States has been steadily losing ground in its quest to remain competitive in the fields of high technology. Offshore influences, both from Asia and the European Community, are now coalescing to make the problem more acute than ever before. The author argues that a more intensive use of public relations, marketing communications techniques can serve as useful tools to hightech and electronics companies that want to minimize the effects of this national malaise.
{"title":"Communications Techniques To Counter The U.S. Industrial Competitiveness Crisis","authors":"J. Strasser","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718171","url":null,"abstract":"During the last eight to ten years, the United States has been steadily losing ground in its quest to remain competitive in the fields of high technology. Offshore influences, both from Asia and the European Community, are now coalescing to make the problem more acute than ever before. The author argues that a more intensive use of public relations, marketing communications techniques can serve as useful tools to hightech and electronics companies that want to minimize the effects of this national malaise.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128688835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718273
N. K. Welker
The discoveries since 1986 of materials which exhibit superconducting properties at temperatures considerably above those previously known or believed possible have led to a renewed interest in superconducting electronics. Some of these materials have been shown to have transition temperatures above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77K), some above 100k, rekindling the hope that room temperature superconductors can be found. As yet that dream has not been realized, but the temperatures already achieved will allow greatly simplified, more efficient cooling systems and the possibility of hybrid superconducting-semiconducting systems with all elements operating at the same temperature. In parallel with the search for new materials, work has progressed steadily, but with less fanfare, on developing the applications of the mature, low temperature superconducting materials. This work has yielded numerous clemonstrations of applications in which digital superconducting electronics can offer significant performance advantages, In some instances these applications will not receive wide acceptance until a manufacturable high transition temperature technology exists; in others the benefits are so great and cooling techniques are so advanced that they deserve serious consideration for implementation in low temperature technology. In addition many of the lessons learned in developing low temperature circuits and systems will be transferable to higher temperature material versions.
{"title":"Digital Superconducting Electronics: Where Does It Fit?","authors":"N. K. Welker","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718273","url":null,"abstract":"The discoveries since 1986 of materials which exhibit superconducting properties at temperatures considerably above those previously known or believed possible have led to a renewed interest in superconducting electronics. Some of these materials have been shown to have transition temperatures above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77K), some above 100k, rekindling the hope that room temperature superconductors can be found. As yet that dream has not been realized, but the temperatures already achieved will allow greatly simplified, more efficient cooling systems and the possibility of hybrid superconducting-semiconducting systems with all elements operating at the same temperature. In parallel with the search for new materials, work has progressed steadily, but with less fanfare, on developing the applications of the mature, low temperature superconducting materials. This work has yielded numerous clemonstrations of applications in which digital superconducting electronics can offer significant performance advantages, In some instances these applications will not receive wide acceptance until a manufacturable high transition temperature technology exists; in others the benefits are so great and cooling techniques are so advanced that they deserve serious consideration for implementation in low temperature technology. In addition many of the lessons learned in developing low temperature circuits and systems will be transferable to higher temperature material versions.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116408757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718205
B. Schulze
Field Programmable Gate Array architectures are growing rapidly in popularity for circuit implementations. FPGAs are providing designers with valuable alternatives to low-end mask-programmed ASICs as well as multiple-device PLD implementations. Despite this, the designer who chooses FPGAs may face some limitations due to the present state of the design tools that support FPGA design. This paper will discuss some of these limitations and illustrate how they can be alleviated through the application of universal synthesis tools.
{"title":"Universal Tools And Synthesis For FPGAs","authors":"B. Schulze","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718205","url":null,"abstract":"Field Programmable Gate Array architectures are growing rapidly in popularity for circuit implementations. FPGAs are providing designers with valuable alternatives to low-end mask-programmed ASICs as well as multiple-device PLD implementations. Despite this, the designer who chooses FPGAs may face some limitations due to the present state of the design tools that support FPGA design. This paper will discuss some of these limitations and illustrate how they can be alleviated through the application of universal synthesis tools.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121741588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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