Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718297
S. Narayanan
This paper reviews the development of crystalline silicon solar cells since the fabrication of the first silicon solar cell. The main emphasis is on the evolution of high efficiency silicon solar cells and the terrestrial photovoltaic industry.
{"title":"Fifty Years Of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells","authors":"S. Narayanan","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718297","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the development of crystalline silicon solar cells since the fabrication of the first silicon solar cell. The main emphasis is on the evolution of high efficiency silicon solar cells and the terrestrial photovoltaic industry.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131708418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718269
R. Tulloss
ANSI/IEEE Std 1149.1-1990 [1,7] is advancing rapidly in acceptance. A recent survey of ATE manufacturers indicates they expect a significant impact. ASIC vendors show by their actions that it is not good business to be caught without Boundary-Scan-supporting cells in one's standard cell library. CAE/CAD tools are beginning to appear with specific features that support Boundary-Scan. Catalog parts are, beginning to appear with Boundary-Scan in them. A number of firms are publicly committed to using Boundary-Scan in their Systems. Department of Defense procurements are giving greater and greater emphasis to testability and diagnosability which will inevitably lead to implementation of test standards including ANSI/IEEE Std 1149.1-1990. In this paper we review the evidence for movement to acceptance of the Standard and some forces that appear to be driving this movement. Familiarity with the Standard is presupposed.
{"title":"Market Forces Driving Acceptance Of ANSI/IEEE Std 1149.1-1990 Boundary-Scan","authors":"R. Tulloss","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718269","url":null,"abstract":"ANSI/IEEE Std 1149.1-1990 [1,7] is advancing rapidly in acceptance. A recent survey of ATE manufacturers indicates they expect a significant impact. ASIC vendors show by their actions that it is not good business to be caught without Boundary-Scan-supporting cells in one's standard cell library. CAE/CAD tools are beginning to appear with specific features that support Boundary-Scan. Catalog parts are, beginning to appear with Boundary-Scan in them. A number of firms are publicly committed to using Boundary-Scan in their Systems. Department of Defense procurements are giving greater and greater emphasis to testability and diagnosability which will inevitably lead to implementation of test standards including ANSI/IEEE Std 1149.1-1990. In this paper we review the evidence for movement to acceptance of the Standard and some forces that appear to be driving this movement. Familiarity with the Standard is presupposed.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128802642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718258
N. Botros
This paper reviews briefly two major pattern recognition algorithms for automatic speech recognition. The first algorithm is based on traditional classifiers such as the nearest neighbor. The second one is based on implementing artificial neural network models. A brief discussion of the limitations of each of the algorithms is presented.
{"title":"Neural Nets for Speech Recognition Advantages And Limitations","authors":"N. Botros","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718258","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews briefly two major pattern recognition algorithms for automatic speech recognition. The first algorithm is based on traditional classifiers such as the nearest neighbor. The second one is based on implementing artificial neural network models. A brief discussion of the limitations of each of the algorithms is presented.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117276830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718283
R. Gran
Consider the prospect of traveling between Washington D.C. and Now York City at 300 miles per hour with no weather and traffic related congesting delays. Add to this the possibility that the trip would start close to your home town and take you directly to the heart of Washington. If this isn't enough, you never leave the ground, you don't stop - except at the Washington terminus, and the vehicle you ride in is quiet, efficient, comfortable, and doesn't pollute the air along the right-of-way. Does this sound like science fiction -- well it isn't. Maglev, or magnetically levitated vehicles can do all of this and more, and they are definitely not science fiction! This paper will discuss the reasons that the United States should embark on a program to develop a Maglev concept, and describe the status of the legislative and executive initiatives that are pending to help in the development of an American Maglev. The benefits that will be discussed include reducing air traffic delays, increasing the fuel efficiency for travel that is in the 300 mile range, relieving some of the highway congestion that we are confronted with, and the development of a technology that will be the transportation system of the twenty first century.
{"title":"The Status Of The American Maglev Initiative","authors":"R. Gran","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718283","url":null,"abstract":"Consider the prospect of traveling between Washington D.C. and Now York City at 300 miles per hour with no weather and traffic related congesting delays. Add to this the possibility that the trip would start close to your home town and take you directly to the heart of Washington. If this isn't enough, you never leave the ground, you don't stop - except at the Washington terminus, and the vehicle you ride in is quiet, efficient, comfortable, and doesn't pollute the air along the right-of-way. Does this sound like science fiction -- well it isn't. Maglev, or magnetically levitated vehicles can do all of this and more, and they are definitely not science fiction! This paper will discuss the reasons that the United States should embark on a program to develop a Maglev concept, and describe the status of the legislative and executive initiatives that are pending to help in the development of an American Maglev. The benefits that will be discussed include reducing air traffic delays, increasing the fuel efficiency for travel that is in the 300 mile range, relieving some of the highway congestion that we are confronted with, and the development of a technology that will be the transportation system of the twenty first century.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114744600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718253
P. C. Jackson
Over the past several decades, testing associated with the military has had a distinctly different flavor than that of the commercial sector. At present some rather dramatic changes are occurring in the military sector. Ensuing sections will discuss existing differences and attempt to predict whether any of the current changes in the military test philosophy will have an impact on the commercial sector.
{"title":"Differences Between Commercial and Military Testing","authors":"P. C. Jackson","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718253","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past several decades, testing associated with the military has had a distinctly different flavor than that of the commercial sector. At present some rather dramatic changes are occurring in the military sector. Ensuing sections will discuss existing differences and attempt to predict whether any of the current changes in the military test philosophy will have an impact on the commercial sector.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114674759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718249
A. Connelly
Consulting services must be marketed and sold just like any other product. Not all products are marketed in the same way. Cars are not marketed the same way as industrial machinery. Even so consulting services are marketed in their own unique way. This paper discusses market structure and marketing techniques.
{"title":"Marketing And Consulting Services","authors":"A. Connelly","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718249","url":null,"abstract":"Consulting services must be marketed and sold just like any other product. Not all products are marketed in the same way. Cars are not marketed the same way as industrial machinery. Even so consulting services are marketed in their own unique way. This paper discusses market structure and marketing techniques.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121295599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718178
W. Santamore, W. Untereker, D. Ogilby
Percutanous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has revolutionized the treatment of coronary disease. However, a high restenosis rate is still a major complication of PTCA. In theory, the incidence of restenosis might be lower with laser techniques because atheromatous mass within the artery can be removed rather than pressed against the vessel wall. Further, the treated surface may be less ragged and less prone to inducing smooth muscle proliferation. The basic laser angioplasty systern comprises the laser, fiberoptic laser delivery catheter, and a means to guide the catheter to its target site. A variety of lasers are used with the excimer laser receiving the most current interest. Laser systems are effective as a means of opening small channels in obstructed peripheral or coronary arteries. The lasers can be used alone or as a supplement to balloon angioplasty. Despite favorable initial results, late restenosis continues to be a nagging problem with lasers. However, with certain types of lesions lasers appear to have a lower restenosis rate than conventional balloon angioplasty.
{"title":"Lasers And Angioplasty","authors":"W. Santamore, W. Untereker, D. Ogilby","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718178","url":null,"abstract":"Percutanous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has revolutionized the treatment of coronary disease. However, a high restenosis rate is still a major complication of PTCA. In theory, the incidence of restenosis might be lower with laser techniques because atheromatous mass within the artery can be removed rather than pressed against the vessel wall. Further, the treated surface may be less ragged and less prone to inducing smooth muscle proliferation. The basic laser angioplasty systern comprises the laser, fiberoptic laser delivery catheter, and a means to guide the catheter to its target site. A variety of lasers are used with the excimer laser receiving the most current interest. Laser systems are effective as a means of opening small channels in obstructed peripheral or coronary arteries. The lasers can be used alone or as a supplement to balloon angioplasty. Despite favorable initial results, late restenosis continues to be a nagging problem with lasers. However, with certain types of lesions lasers appear to have a lower restenosis rate than conventional balloon angioplasty.","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117161472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-16DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718280
S.L. Wang, P.Y. Li
This paper describes two applications of Neural Network for medicine. The first case attempts to utilize a self-training back propagation net, which is supervised by a zero-crossing edge operator, for edge detection on ophthalmoscopic image. The experimental results show that the network performs as closely as its training operator but with considerable saving in computation if the whole image is processed by the zero-crossing operator. The second case describes a decision support system for stroke diagnosis. This system attempts to emulate the reasoning of human stroke experts using the relationships between anatomical damage and the patient's signs and symptoms. The test data for this study is derived from the Michael Reese Hospital (MRH) Stroke Database which contains information about 566 cases of stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA).
{"title":"Neural Networks For Medicine: Two Cases","authors":"S.L. Wang, P.Y. Li","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1991.718280","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes two applications of Neural Network for medicine. The first case attempts to utilize a self-training back propagation net, which is supervised by a zero-crossing edge operator, for edge detection on ophthalmoscopic image. The experimental results show that the network performs as closely as its training operator but with considerable saving in computation if the whole image is processed by the zero-crossing operator. The second case describes a decision support system for stroke diagnosis. This system attempts to emulate the reasoning of human stroke experts using the relationships between anatomical damage and the patient's signs and symptoms. The test data for this study is derived from the Michael Reese Hospital (MRH) Stroke Database which contains information about 566 cases of stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA).","PeriodicalId":339281,"journal":{"name":"Electro International, 1991","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127086302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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