Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2152
Nida Zaheer, Muhammad Arif, A. Shoukat, Muhammad Rizwan
Purpose: Retailers acknowledge the importance of the retail store environment as a tool for differentiation and valuable for positioning the retail store. It makes the buyer's decision to visit the store easier. Further, a pleasing retail environment improves the customer's purchasing experience and satisfaction. This paper aims to; investigate the influence of store atmospherics and marketing stimuli on impulse buying behavior among females. Shopping pal provides a boundary condition between the influence of store environment, emotional response, and impulse buying. Methodology: This is a quantitative study and data was collected using surveys. The investigation was conducted using Amos and SPSS version 21, and the results were within an acceptable range. Findings: The findings of the study suggest that an impressive store environment with marketing stimuli such as price discount leads to positive emotions and impulse purchase behavior. Further, a shopping pal provides boundary conditions between the influence. Implications: Retailers must focus on creating a retail experience that is clean, relaxing pleasant, and has an excellent interior design, and they must encourage to group shopping. They might concentrate on promotional activities that encourage group shopping, such as group purchasing coupons and family prizes.
{"title":"Not Without You: Role of Shopping Pal and Store Atmospherics in Impulse Buying","authors":"Nida Zaheer, Muhammad Arif, A. Shoukat, Muhammad Rizwan","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2152","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Retailers acknowledge the importance of the retail store environment as a tool for differentiation and valuable for positioning the retail store. It makes the buyer's decision to visit the store easier. Further, a pleasing retail environment improves the customer's purchasing experience and satisfaction. This paper aims to; investigate the influence of store atmospherics and marketing stimuli on impulse buying behavior among females. Shopping pal provides a boundary condition between the influence of store environment, emotional response, and impulse buying. \u0000Methodology: This is a quantitative study and data was collected using surveys. The investigation was conducted using Amos and SPSS version 21, and the results were within an acceptable range. \u0000Findings: The findings of the study suggest that an impressive store environment with marketing stimuli such as price discount leads to positive emotions and impulse purchase behavior. Further, a shopping pal provides boundary conditions between the influence. \u0000Implications: Retailers must focus on creating a retail experience that is clean, relaxing pleasant, and has an excellent interior design, and they must encourage to group shopping. They might concentrate on promotional activities that encourage group shopping, such as group purchasing coupons and family prizes.","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79155943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2576
Sundus Shaikh
Purpose: This paper aims to study past researches and articles by examining the main and interactive effects of gender on conflict-management style and strategies in different organizational setups or industry nature. Approach: This research was designed to investigate assumptions that may exist regarding the relationship between gender and conflict resolution style in different setups. Review-based Qualitative content analysis method was used in this study to analyze the past and contemporary studies on the influence of gender in conflict resolution. Findings: The results found that biological sex does not correlate with the choice of conflict management style. On the other hand, the findings have shown that gender role is a forecaster for the choice of conflict management styles as masculine and androgynous individuals were highest on the dominating conflict style and avoiding style depending on the conflict, whereas feminine individuals were highest on the avoiding style and collaborative conflict resolution style. Implications: A model has been developed based on the literature review identifying the key types of functional conflicts resolution ways and to promote or diminish organizational conflict.
{"title":"Conflict Management, Effect of Gender in Different Enterprises: Empirical Literature Review","authors":"Sundus Shaikh","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2576","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This paper aims to study past researches and articles by examining the main and interactive effects of gender on conflict-management style and strategies in different organizational setups or industry nature. \u0000Approach: This research was designed to investigate assumptions that may exist regarding the relationship between gender and conflict resolution style in different setups. Review-based Qualitative content analysis method was used in this study to analyze the past and contemporary studies on the influence of gender in conflict resolution. \u0000Findings: The results found that biological sex does not correlate with the choice of conflict management style. On the other hand, the findings have shown that gender role is a forecaster for the choice of conflict management styles as masculine and androgynous individuals were highest on the dominating conflict style and avoiding style depending on the conflict, whereas feminine individuals were highest on the avoiding style and collaborative conflict resolution style. \u0000Implications: A model has been developed based on the literature review identifying the key types of functional conflicts resolution ways and to promote or diminish organizational conflict.","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85872021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2185
Shabana Gul, Javed Iqbal, A. Javed
Purpose: The Govt. of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan formulated Women Empowerment Policy-2017. The goal of WEP-2017 was to empower women in all spheres of life with a particular focus on social, cultural, political-economic, legal, and personal life. This study conducted a gendered departmental analysis focusing on workplace analysis, human resource capacity analysis, and training need assessment. Data from 332 officials representing 13 civil secretariat departments were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Methodology: A proportionate sampling technique was used to select the subjects. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Findings: All the departments scored ‘very low’ or ‘low’ on the HR capacity analysis and previously received training experience. However, the demand for training was either ‘High’ or ‘Moderate’ in all departments. Implications: Fully paid maternity leaves, flexible working hours, and functional harassment committees were the highlights of workplace analysis whereas pick and drop facilities, separate prayer rooms, and female-only spaces were the areas that require attention
{"title":"Gendered Departmental Analysis: a Case of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Civil Secretariat, Pakistan","authors":"Shabana Gul, Javed Iqbal, A. Javed","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2185","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The Govt. of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan formulated Women Empowerment Policy-2017. The goal of WEP-2017 was to empower women in all spheres of life with a particular focus on social, cultural, political-economic, legal, and personal life. This study conducted a gendered departmental analysis focusing on workplace analysis, human resource capacity analysis, and training need assessment. Data from 332 officials representing 13 civil secretariat departments were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. \u0000Methodology: A proportionate sampling technique was used to select the subjects. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. \u0000Findings: All the departments scored ‘very low’ or ‘low’ on the HR capacity analysis and previously received training experience. However, the demand for training was either ‘High’ or ‘Moderate’ in all departments. \u0000Implications: Fully paid maternity leaves, flexible working hours, and functional harassment committees were the highlights of workplace analysis whereas pick and drop facilities, separate prayer rooms, and female-only spaces were the areas that require attention","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"51 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90643546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2157
D. Nayab, Ghulam Fatima, M. Jahanzaib
Purpose: The major objective of the study was to find the effect of harassment on the educational success of elementary school students in both public and private schools in Punjab. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was quantitative in nature. The study's population included all the students enrolled in Punjab's public and private elementary schools. The sample of the study was 195 students from four primary schools (two public and two private) in the district of Sialkot, Punjab, who were selected randomly. The data was gathered using a self-developed questionnaire with a reliability index of 0.89 (Cronbach's Alpha) that contained 27 items on a three-point Likert type scale (No, To some extent, Yes) based on statements evoking students’ thoughts on harassment. A panel of three professionals in the fields of Gender Studies and Special Education verified the questionnaire. Findings: Major findings revealed that harassment has a negative impact on students' educational success in the private sector in general and in the public sector in particular. Implications/Originality/Value: Government and school administration can take bulling prevention initiatives with a focus on raising awareness of the problem and enforcing sanctions.
{"title":"The Effect of Harassment on the Educational Success of Elementary School Students in District Sialkot, Punjab","authors":"D. Nayab, Ghulam Fatima, M. Jahanzaib","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2157","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The major objective of the study was to find the effect of harassment on the educational success of elementary school students in both public and private schools in Punjab. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was quantitative in nature. The study's population included all the students enrolled in Punjab's public and private elementary schools. The sample of the study was 195 students from four primary schools (two public and two private) in the district of Sialkot, Punjab, who were selected randomly. The data was gathered using a self-developed questionnaire with a reliability index of 0.89 (Cronbach's Alpha) that contained 27 items on a three-point Likert type scale (No, To some extent, Yes) based on statements evoking students’ thoughts on harassment. A panel of three professionals in the fields of Gender Studies and Special Education verified the questionnaire. \u0000Findings: Major findings revealed that harassment has a negative impact on students' educational success in the private sector in general and in the public sector in particular. \u0000Implications/Originality/Value: Government and school administration can take bulling prevention initiatives with a focus on raising awareness of the problem and enforcing sanctions. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77904855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2247
Muhammad Bilal Ahmad, M. M. Khan
Purpose: Volatile labor market conditions have increased the uncertainty regarding job security which resultantly shifted the career transition focus from organization to individual for career development. Now, employees seem much more responsible for their self-career management. In these circumstances, new career management concepts are gaining attention i.e. Boundaryless career attitudes (BCA), Job Crafting behaviors (JCB), Employability and Success. Hence, the study aims to check the effect of BCA on Career Success through JC and Employability. Design/Methodology/Approach: This is a quantitative, survey-based study which is conducted on the universities’ permanent faculty members of Pakistan. Findings: The results conclude that there exists a positive impact of BCA on Career Outcomes directly and through proactive behavior. Implications/Originality/Value: The study enhances the BCA literature with said career outcomes and provides a guideline to the employees to achieve desired targeted career results.
{"title":"Investigating the Impact of Boundaryless Career Attitudes on Career Success: Decisive Role of Job Crafting","authors":"Muhammad Bilal Ahmad, M. M. Khan","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2247","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Volatile labor market conditions have increased the uncertainty regarding job security which resultantly shifted the career transition focus from organization to individual for career development. Now, employees seem much more responsible for their self-career management. In these circumstances, new career management concepts are gaining attention i.e. Boundaryless career attitudes (BCA), Job Crafting behaviors (JCB), Employability and Success. Hence, the study aims to check the effect of BCA on Career Success through JC and Employability. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: This is a quantitative, survey-based study which is conducted on the universities’ permanent faculty members of Pakistan. \u0000Findings: The results conclude that there exists a positive impact of BCA on Career Outcomes directly and through proactive behavior. \u0000Implications/Originality/Value: The study enhances the BCA literature with said career outcomes and provides a guideline to the employees to achieve desired targeted career results.","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75955861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2246
G. Shabir, K. Ahmed, A. Ashraf, A. Siddiqua
Purpose: Because national security is indeed a delicate subject in Pakistan, it is expected from the press to play a beneficial role in this respect. This study assessed the role of media in strengthening Pakistan’s image with respect to security. Design/Methodology/Approach The study is qualitative in nature, the researchers utilized survey method by employing close ended questionnaire as data collection tool. SPSS has been used for data analysis. Statistical analysis has been done using chi-square test. Findings: As per the findings of the study, the participants were found to have felt unsafe in Pakistan after hearing a piece of particular news, but they do think Pakistan is a safe country. Implications/Originality/Value: Media independence is a wonderful thing in a functioning democracy, but when it comes to sensitive topics like "national security", it is assumed that the media must only stick to their job of informing instead of dictating the processes.
{"title":"Role of Media in Strengthening Pakistan’s Image with Respect to Security","authors":"G. Shabir, K. Ahmed, A. Ashraf, A. Siddiqua","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2246","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Because national security is indeed a delicate subject in Pakistan, it is expected from the press to play a beneficial role in this respect. This study assessed the role of media in strengthening Pakistan’s image with respect to security. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach \u0000The study is qualitative in nature, the researchers utilized survey method by employing close ended questionnaire as data collection tool. SPSS has been used for data analysis. Statistical analysis has been done using chi-square test. \u0000Findings: As per the findings of the study, the participants were found to have felt unsafe in Pakistan after hearing a piece of particular news, but they do think Pakistan is a safe country. \u0000Implications/Originality/Value: Media independence is a wonderful thing in a functioning democracy, but when it comes to sensitive topics like \"national security\", it is assumed that the media must only stick to their job of informing instead of dictating the processes.","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78421424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2113
D. Ahmad, M. Shabbir, Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah
Purpose: Rural communities particularly in developing countries are consecutively facing losses of income and crops production due to dynamics of the market and climatic risks. The specific objective of this research is to investigate farmers’ perceptions of market and climate risks and their adaptive behavior in Punjab, Pakistan. Methodology: A multistage random sampling approach was used for collecting the data of 480 household respondents from climate-based categorized three districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Findings: For empirical correlation of risk perception of farmers with combined risks and adaptive behavior, this study used two Logit models. Estimates indicated as risk perception of the farmers market and climate change significantly affected their adoption behavior such as fall in agriculture products prices and drought while an increase in floods, rainfall and hail storms. Logit model explanatory capacity was improved by including demographic factors in the model. Large farms household heads were unwilling whereas well-educated and male farmers were more enthusiastic to take measures for avoidance of risks. In averting the climate risks, the majority of farmers adopted scheduled adjustment and crop varieties as adaptive measures in the study area. Policy Implications: For motivating farmers to adapt and risk management measures there is a need for adequate provision of financial support through formal institutions on the subsidized rate of interest in these study areas.
{"title":"Farmer’s Perceptions on Market and Climate Risks: Adaptive Behavior in Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"D. Ahmad, M. Shabbir, Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2113","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Rural communities particularly in developing countries are consecutively facing losses of income and crops production due to dynamics of the market and climatic risks. The specific objective of this research is to investigate farmers’ perceptions of market and climate risks and their adaptive behavior in Punjab, Pakistan. \u0000Methodology: A multistage random sampling approach was used for collecting the data of 480 household respondents from climate-based categorized three districts of Punjab, Pakistan. \u0000Findings: For empirical correlation of risk perception of farmers with combined risks and adaptive behavior, this study used two Logit models. Estimates indicated as risk perception of the farmers market and climate change significantly affected their adoption behavior such as fall in agriculture products prices and drought while an increase in floods, rainfall and hail storms. Logit model explanatory capacity was improved by including demographic factors in the model. Large farms household heads were unwilling whereas well-educated and male farmers were more enthusiastic to take measures for avoidance of risks. In averting the climate risks, the majority of farmers adopted scheduled adjustment and crop varieties as adaptive measures in the study area. \u0000Policy Implications: For motivating farmers to adapt and risk management measures there is a need for adequate provision of financial support through formal institutions on the subsidized rate of interest in these study areas.","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82504568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Political skill has been attracting immense research attention in recent years. However, majority of the researches showed positive outcomes of political skill for employees. This research will provide new insights to literature through investigating the role of political skill in reducing negative behavioral outcomes of employees by developing job satisfaction to ultimately reduce turnover intention. Moreover, harmonizing effect of political skill in perceived organizational politics may enable employees to maintain job satisfaction and reduce turnover intention. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were collected from 186 employees representing different sectors of Pakistani industry. Hayes (2013) moderated mediation analysis is used to analyze results. Findings: Study findings depict a significant relation between political skill and job satisfaction, which ultimately affect turnover intention. Furthermore, perceived organizational politics played a significant moderating role between political skill and job satisfaction. Implications/Originality/Value: The study is undertaken in a developing country which provides relevant conditions to investigate such a relationship. This study fills up a significant gap in the literature as there is scarce literature available that investigates the relationship between political skill and its outcomes, specifically in Pakistan.
{"title":"Impact of Political Skill on Employee Outcomes with the Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Politics","authors":"Fizza Rizvi, Akbari Azam, Amna Niazi, Waheed Asghar","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2136","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Political skill has been attracting immense research attention in recent years. However, majority of the researches showed positive outcomes of political skill for employees. This research will provide new insights to literature through investigating the role of political skill in reducing negative behavioral outcomes of employees by developing job satisfaction to ultimately reduce turnover intention. Moreover, harmonizing effect of political skill in perceived organizational politics may enable employees to maintain job satisfaction and reduce turnover intention. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were collected from 186 employees representing different sectors of Pakistani industry. Hayes (2013) moderated mediation analysis is used to analyze results. \u0000Findings: Study findings depict a significant relation between political skill and job satisfaction, which ultimately affect turnover intention. Furthermore, perceived organizational politics played a significant moderating role between political skill and job satisfaction. \u0000Implications/Originality/Value: The study is undertaken in a developing country which provides relevant conditions to investigate such a relationship. This study fills up a significant gap in the literature as there is scarce literature available that investigates the relationship between political skill and its outcomes, specifically in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78767038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2232
Vasia Maqsood, A. Fatima, Muhammad Usama Shahid, Quaisar Ijaz Khan
Purpose: The study emphasized on perceived career success of female faculty members working on the basis of Basic Pay Scale (BPS) in public sector universities of Punjab, Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach: A Total of 253 female academicians working in public sector universities had participated in this study. The survey questionnaire was adopted from authentic sources and evaluated for validity and reliability. MPlus software has been used for statistical findings. Findings: It has been estimated statistically that perceived organizational justice has partial mediating effect between political personality traits and perceived career success. Whilst having full mediating relationship between HRM practices and perceived career success of female faculty members. Implications/Originality/Value: It might be concluded that all the public sector universities must follow the same policies and laws but there are some cultural differences. However, federal chartered universities are paying different salaries from the Punjab/provincial chartered universities. It creates disparity amongst the faculty members working in government sector universities. The study highlighted such issues.
{"title":"Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Justice between Political Personality Traits, HR Practices and Career Success of Female Faculty Members of Public Sector Universities in Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Vasia Maqsood, A. Fatima, Muhammad Usama Shahid, Quaisar Ijaz Khan","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2232","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study emphasized on perceived career success of female faculty members working on the basis of Basic Pay Scale (BPS) in public sector universities of Punjab, Pakistan. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: A Total of 253 female academicians working in public sector universities had participated in this study. The survey questionnaire was adopted from authentic sources and evaluated for validity and reliability. MPlus software has been used for statistical findings. \u0000Findings: It has been estimated statistically that perceived organizational justice has partial mediating effect between political personality traits and perceived career success. Whilst having full mediating relationship between HRM practices and perceived career success of female faculty members. \u0000Implications/Originality/Value: It might be concluded that all the public sector universities must follow the same policies and laws but there are some cultural differences. However, federal chartered universities are paying different salaries from the Punjab/provincial chartered universities. It creates disparity amongst the faculty members working in government sector universities. The study highlighted such issues.","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86638428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2145
Shakeel Shahzad, S. Khan, Atiq Ur Rehman
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the performance of tests of independence for nominal data. Tests of independence is one of the most used statistical techniques in econometrics. A principal interest in many studies regarding contingency tables is to test if the variables are independent in contingency table (CT’s). Many standard tests are available for nominal data. However, there is no clarity about choice of tests for various kinds of Data Generating Process (DGP) of nominal data. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study used stringent criteria (SC) for evaluation of optimal test of independence among a large numbers of tests of independence in w × k contingency tables using Monte Carlo simulations. Findings: The most stringent test of independence is Logarithmic Minimum Square (LMS) in w × k contingency table for nominal data. Implications/Originality/Value: This Paper gives very clear guidance to practitioner about use of tests of independence for nominal data. Results recommends based on solid estimation of Monte Carlo Simulation and algorithm for a variety of Data Generating Process (DGP) in w × k contingency tables. We came to conclusion and recommended clearly that Logarithmic Minimum Square (LMS) is the optimal and most stringent test, and no other test can beat it for nominal data in w × k contingency tables.
{"title":"Most Stringent Test of Independence in W× K Contingency Tables for Nominal Data Using Monte Carlo Simulations","authors":"Shakeel Shahzad, S. Khan, Atiq Ur Rehman","doi":"10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i1.2145","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Purpose: This study aims to analyze the performance of tests of independence for nominal data. Tests of independence is one of the most used statistical techniques in econometrics. A principal interest in many studies regarding contingency tables is to test if the variables are independent in contingency table (CT’s). Many standard tests are available for nominal data. However, there is no clarity about choice of tests for various kinds of Data Generating Process (DGP) of nominal data. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: This study used stringent criteria (SC) for evaluation of optimal test of independence among a large numbers of tests of independence in w × k contingency tables using Monte Carlo simulations. \u0000Findings: The most stringent test of independence is Logarithmic Minimum Square (LMS) in w × k contingency table for nominal data. \u0000Implications/Originality/Value: This Paper gives very clear guidance to practitioner about use of tests of independence for nominal data. Results recommends based on solid estimation of Monte Carlo Simulation and algorithm for a variety of Data Generating Process (DGP) in w × k contingency tables. We came to conclusion and recommended clearly that Logarithmic Minimum Square (LMS) is the optimal and most stringent test, and no other test can beat it for nominal data in w × k contingency tables. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":34116,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90689094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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