ABSTRACT This study examined visitor expectations of a heritage site Website, a major marketing channel. The study focuses on Yad Vashem (The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Museum) in Jerusalem, Israel. The findings reveal the existence of three types of content that tourists expect to find on a Website: (1) functional information, (2) educational information, and (3) emotional information. Relationships were found between participants' perception of the destination relative to their own heritage, tourist motivations (overall and specific) to visit the destination, and tourist expectations of the Website content. The implications highlighted emphasize the attributes of the Internet as a communication channel that allows Website content to be tailored to the target audience and facilitate its use in marketing of heritage sites.
{"title":"Heritage Site Websites Content: The Need for Versatility","authors":"Y. Poria, Yaniv Gvili","doi":"10.1300/J150v15n02_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J150v15n02_05","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined visitor expectations of a heritage site Website, a major marketing channel. The study focuses on Yad Vashem (The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Museum) in Jerusalem, Israel. The findings reveal the existence of three types of content that tourists expect to find on a Website: (1) functional information, (2) educational information, and (3) emotional information. Relationships were found between participants' perception of the destination relative to their own heritage, tourist motivations (overall and specific) to visit the destination, and tourist expectations of the Website content. The implications highlighted emphasize the attributes of the Internet as a communication channel that allows Website content to be tailored to the target audience and facilitate its use in marketing of heritage sites.","PeriodicalId":341174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129531035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Drawing on associated literature and empirical research, this paper makes a contribution towards the engagement and expertise of hotels in the new product development (NPD) process. The study provides an investigation into the development and practices of new products within the hospitality industry in Egypt. This is of considerable interest to both practitioners and academics within the field of hospitality management. The findings reported are based on a survey of marketing managers in different hotel categories. Significant differences between hotels were found based on their categories. Moreover, the results reveal that the 5 star hotels demonstrate a higher orientation towards NPD than the 4 and 3 star groups with regard to their integration of NPD goals into the overall marketing objectives of their firms. Management implications and areas for further research are discussed.
{"title":"Developing New Products in the Hospitality Industry: A Case of Egypt","authors":"A. Hassanien, Riyad Eid","doi":"10.1300/J150v15n02_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J150v15n02_03","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Drawing on associated literature and empirical research, this paper makes a contribution towards the engagement and expertise of hotels in the new product development (NPD) process. The study provides an investigation into the development and practices of new products within the hospitality industry in Egypt. This is of considerable interest to both practitioners and academics within the field of hospitality management. The findings reported are based on a survey of marketing managers in different hotel categories. Significant differences between hotels were found based on their categories. Moreover, the results reveal that the 5 star hotels demonstrate a higher orientation towards NPD than the 4 and 3 star groups with regard to their integration of NPD goals into the overall marketing objectives of their firms. Management implications and areas for further research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":341174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121553215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the perceived transformation of tourism distribution channels and the present promotion and distribution channels within the present working areas of the travel agencies in Turkey. The research was applied to the travel agencies in Turkey. A proportional quota sampling was used based on the sampling population of 4,500 travel agencies, which resulted in a sample size of 523 usable questionnaires. The research indicated that the Internet would naturally affect travel agencies' working areas of e-commerce.
{"title":"Transformation of Tourism Distribution Channels: Implications of e-Commerce for Turkish Travel Agencies","authors":"N. Kozak","doi":"10.1300/J150v15n02_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J150v15n02_06","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the perceived transformation of tourism distribution channels and the present promotion and distribution channels within the present working areas of the travel agencies in Turkey. The research was applied to the travel agencies in Turkey. A proportional quota sampling was used based on the sampling population of 4,500 travel agencies, which resulted in a sample size of 523 usable questionnaires. The research indicated that the Internet would naturally affect travel agencies' working areas of e-commerce.","PeriodicalId":341174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133929824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This paper examines techniques used to segment tourism markets and the associated problems of integrating findings into operational marketing tactics. The paper argues that many tourism segmentation studies focus on complex and sophisticated statistical analysis, overlooking the number of subjective decisions implicit in the process that are likely to influence the results and therefore need to be made transparent within research findings. Further, this paper argues that it is only at the “strategic level” that destinations can develop a sustainable competitive advantage within identified target markets, and therefore, segmentation studies must be driven by the strategic imperatives of the destination.
{"title":"An Evaluation of How Market Segmentation Approaches Aid Destination Marketing","authors":"Janet Hanlan, D. Fuller, S. Wilde","doi":"10.1300/J150v15n01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J150v15n01_02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines techniques used to segment tourism markets and the associated problems of integrating findings into operational marketing tactics. The paper argues that many tourism segmentation studies focus on complex and sophisticated statistical analysis, overlooking the number of subjective decisions implicit in the process that are likely to influence the results and therefore need to be made transparent within research findings. Further, this paper argues that it is only at the “strategic level” that destinations can develop a sustainable competitive advantage within identified target markets, and therefore, segmentation studies must be driven by the strategic imperatives of the destination.","PeriodicalId":341174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124752091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Professional sports marketers face a dynamic and challenging marketplace that offers fans a variety of relatively expensive entertainment venues. Professional sports organizations are showing increasing interest in the marketing concept and a focus on consumer orientation. The primary objective in this study was to develop and empirically test a multi-item scale called the Sports Fan Orientation Scale (SFOS). The results of the study showed that the SFOS demonstrated adequate internal reliability. Implications of the results and managerial applications for the new scale are discussed. Finally, avenues for future research are presented.
{"title":"An Investigation of the Customer Orientation of Professional Sports Organizations: Development of the Sports Fan Orientation Scale (SFOS)","authors":"Dennis N. Bristow, K. Schneider","doi":"10.1300/J150v15n01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J150v15n01_03","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Professional sports marketers face a dynamic and challenging marketplace that offers fans a variety of relatively expensive entertainment venues. Professional sports organizations are showing increasing interest in the marketing concept and a focus on consumer orientation. The primary objective in this study was to develop and empirically test a multi-item scale called the Sports Fan Orientation Scale (SFOS). The results of the study showed that the SFOS demonstrated adequate internal reliability. Implications of the results and managerial applications for the new scale are discussed. Finally, avenues for future research are presented.","PeriodicalId":341174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132166758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study is to discover which activities hotel sales managers perceive to be most important toward their job performance and how they allocate their time on selling activities. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify which activities lodging sales managers considered most important for success on the job. The results of this study may be applied to industry sales training programs, to further hospitality sales and marketing education, and to the management of sales in different hotel service types in the United States.
{"title":"An Exploratory Study of Sales Managers' Activities in Lodging Properties","authors":"J. Beck, B. Knutson","doi":"10.1300/J150V15N01_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J150V15N01_04","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study is to discover which activities hotel sales managers perceive to be most important toward their job performance and how they allocate their time on selling activities. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify which activities lodging sales managers considered most important for success on the job. The results of this study may be applied to industry sales training programs, to further hospitality sales and marketing education, and to the management of sales in different hotel service types in the United States.","PeriodicalId":341174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114163598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of interactional, distributive, and procedural fairness on overall fairness and customer satisfaction and of overall fairness on customer satisfaction across a broad spectrum of service encounter outcomes within the service sector, not just in the context of a service failure. Nearly 50% of those encounters recalled represented hospitality and leisure businesses exclusively. The model tested here has been adapted from a larger theoretical model of the customer's path to loyalty which is an adaptation of previous models of the service profit chain, customer satisfaction with service failure and recovery, and complaint handling relationships. This research provides practical information that can lead to a better understanding of customers' evaluation methods and be used to guide the formation of improved service strategies that provide fairness, a key to satisfaction in hospitality, leisure and service sector affiliated businesses.
{"title":"Consumers' Perceptions of Fairness and the Resultant Effect on Customer Satisfaction","authors":"D. Severt, P. Rompf","doi":"10.1300/J150v15n01_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J150v15n01_07","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of interactional, distributive, and procedural fairness on overall fairness and customer satisfaction and of overall fairness on customer satisfaction across a broad spectrum of service encounter outcomes within the service sector, not just in the context of a service failure. Nearly 50% of those encounters recalled represented hospitality and leisure businesses exclusively. The model tested here has been adapted from a larger theoretical model of the customer's path to loyalty which is an adaptation of previous models of the service profit chain, customer satisfaction with service failure and recovery, and complaint handling relationships. This research provides practical information that can lead to a better understanding of customers' evaluation methods and be used to guide the formation of improved service strategies that provide fairness, a key to satisfaction in hospitality, leisure and service sector affiliated businesses.","PeriodicalId":341174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130474458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This study examined female travelers' needs and preferences trajectory by adopting the concepts of modernized family life cycle and the travel career ladder. The results supported the travel career ladder model to an extent, yielding four major needs, namely, relaxation, relationship, self-development, and self-esteem oriented. The patterns of female travelers' needs of the travel career ladder and travel preferences were varied across different stages of the family life cycle and employment status. The results indicated that providing total relaxation, socialization, and self-development opportunities can be examples of potential marketing communication emphases for tourism marketers targeting at female travelers.
{"title":"A Study of Female Travelers' Needs Trajectory and Family Life Cycle","authors":"Yi-Chin Lin, Xinran Y. Lehto","doi":"10.1300/J150v15n01_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J150v15n01_05","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined female travelers' needs and preferences trajectory by adopting the concepts of modernized family life cycle and the travel career ladder. The results supported the travel career ladder model to an extent, yielding four major needs, namely, relaxation, relationship, self-development, and self-esteem oriented. The patterns of female travelers' needs of the travel career ladder and travel preferences were varied across different stages of the family life cycle and employment status. The results indicated that providing total relaxation, socialization, and self-development opportunities can be examples of potential marketing communication emphases for tourism marketers targeting at female travelers.","PeriodicalId":341174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125187340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The present research analyzes the attendance of individuals at a National Football League (NFL) training camp, comparing attendees within an 80-mile radius around the training camp with attendees from the NFL team's city who drove 100–140 miles to attend the training camp. Over 1,700 training camp attendees were surveyed. The results indicate that training camp attendees from the local region and those from the NFL city were found to be significantly different in terms of age, use of information sources, and previous attendance at the training camp. Proximity to the training camp location was the most important influence on the decision to attend the training camp. However, the data also suggest that proximity to the NFL city (team identification) was also an important influence on attendance.
{"title":"Target Marketing at an NFL Training Camp: The Role of Proximity","authors":"J. Drea","doi":"10.1300/J150v15n01_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J150v15n01_06","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present research analyzes the attendance of individuals at a National Football League (NFL) training camp, comparing attendees within an 80-mile radius around the training camp with attendees from the NFL team's city who drove 100–140 miles to attend the training camp. Over 1,700 training camp attendees were surveyed. The results indicate that training camp attendees from the local region and those from the NFL city were found to be significantly different in terms of age, use of information sources, and previous attendance at the training camp. Proximity to the training camp location was the most important influence on the decision to attend the training camp. However, the data also suggest that proximity to the NFL city (team identification) was also an important influence on attendance.","PeriodicalId":341174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128902837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This paper examines the diverse nature tourism market in terms of two broad segments: package and independent types. Based on a number of theoretical assumptions obtained from the general tourism literature, four research models (main hypotheses) were developed to assess the relationship between the travel mode choice of nature tourists and a series of socio-demographic characteristics, trip features, travel activities and travel motives. The necessary data for the study were subsequently collected from 162 visitors at two separate nature-based attractions (wilderness centres) located in Northern Norway that played host to independent and package tour visitors. To test the proposed hypotheses, four separate logistic regression analyses were carried out. Results indicated that independent and package nature tourists differed significantly in terms of gender, age, annual household income, trip expenditure and trip length as well as for most of the travel activities and some of the travel motivations.
{"title":"Segmenting the Nature-Based Tourists Based on Travel Mode Choice","authors":"Mehmet Mehmetoglu","doi":"10.1300/J150v14n04_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J150v14n04_04","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the diverse nature tourism market in terms of two broad segments: package and independent types. Based on a number of theoretical assumptions obtained from the general tourism literature, four research models (main hypotheses) were developed to assess the relationship between the travel mode choice of nature tourists and a series of socio-demographic characteristics, trip features, travel activities and travel motives. The necessary data for the study were subsequently collected from 162 visitors at two separate nature-based attractions (wilderness centres) located in Northern Norway that played host to independent and package tour visitors. To test the proposed hypotheses, four separate logistic regression analyses were carried out. Results indicated that independent and package nature tourists differed significantly in terms of gender, age, annual household income, trip expenditure and trip length as well as for most of the travel activities and some of the travel motivations.","PeriodicalId":341174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing","volume":"276 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132282960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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