Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100286
Sourav Chattaraj , Debasis Mitra , Manasi Chattaraj , Arindam Ganguly , Hrudayanath Thatoi , Pradeep K. Das Mohapatra
A comprehensive eight week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the potential of brewers' spent grain (BSG) as a sustainable fish feed ingredient. The study assessed both the biosafety of BSG and its impact on the gut microbiome of Cirrhinus reba, utilizing advanced 16S metagenomic sequencing techniques to analyze the composition and diversity of gut bacteria. A total of 90 healthy C. reba juveniles (average weight: 12 ± 1 g) were divided into two dietary groups [for control (C), for BSG meal (tB)] in triplicates. Feed prepared with conventional ingredients was used to feed the control group (C). The group tB was fed with BSG meal. After the feeding trial, the fish in tB group showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) growth parameters as compared to the control group. The results of bio-safety assessment indicated the absence of any pathological symptoms in the BSG meal fed carps. The fish in tB group didn't show any histopathological abnormality. Fish fed the Brewers' Spent Grain exhibited significantly elevated serum biochemical parameters, including alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), compared to the control group (p < 0.05). 16S Metagenomic sequencing of the fish gut microbiota provides insights into how BSG inclusion affects microbial diversity and composition within the digestive tract of C. reba. The analysis revealed the existence of 240 and 250 diverse bacterial genera in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of C. reba in dietary groups C and tB respectively. Importantly, the study found the gut of fish in tB group to be dominated by different beneficial genus including Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Paenibacillus, and Lysinibacillus. Feeding C. reba with BSG meal significantly increased the alpha diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, as evidenced by elevated Chao 1 estimator and Shannon index values compared to the control diet (p < 0.05). This study provides comprehensive evidence for the bio-safety of BSG as a sustainable feed ingredient in aquaculture, demonstrating its potential to support healthy fish growth and development. Moreover, the prebiotic potential of BSG in fish has also been highlighted.
{"title":"Brewers’ spent grain as fish feed ingredient: Evaluation of bio-safety and analysis of its impact on gut bacteria of Cirrhinus reba by 16S Metagenomic sequencing","authors":"Sourav Chattaraj , Debasis Mitra , Manasi Chattaraj , Arindam Ganguly , Hrudayanath Thatoi , Pradeep K. Das Mohapatra","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive eight week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the potential of brewers' spent grain (BSG) as a sustainable fish feed ingredient. The study assessed both the biosafety of BSG and its impact on the gut microbiome of <em>Cirrhinus reba</em>, utilizing advanced 16S metagenomic sequencing techniques to analyze the composition and diversity of gut bacteria. A total of 90 healthy <em>C. reba</em> juveniles (average weight: 12 ± 1 g) were divided into two dietary groups [for control (C), for BSG meal (tB)] in triplicates. Feed prepared with conventional ingredients was used to feed the control group (C). The group tB was fed with BSG meal. After the feeding trial, the fish in tB group showed significantly higher (<em>p</em> < 0.05) growth parameters as compared to the control group. The results of bio-safety assessment indicated the absence of any pathological symptoms in the BSG meal fed carps. The fish in tB group didn't show any histopathological abnormality. Fish fed the Brewers' Spent Grain exhibited significantly elevated serum biochemical parameters, including alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), compared to the control group (<em>p</em> < 0.05). 16S Metagenomic sequencing of the fish gut microbiota provides insights into how BSG inclusion affects microbial diversity and composition within the digestive tract of <em>C. reba</em>. The analysis revealed the existence of 240 and 250 diverse bacterial genera in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of <em>C. reba</em> in dietary groups C and tB respectively. Importantly, the study found the gut of fish in tB group to be dominated by different beneficial genus including <em>Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Paenibacillus,</em> and <em>Lysinibacillus</em>. Feeding <em>C. reba</em> with BSG meal significantly increased the alpha diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, as evidenced by elevated Chao 1 estimator and Shannon index values compared to the control diet (<em>p</em> < 0.05). This study provides comprehensive evidence for the bio-safety of BSG as a sustainable feed ingredient in aquaculture, demonstrating its potential to support healthy fish growth and development. Moreover, the prebiotic potential of BSG in fish has also been highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100284
Mathurin Meethangdee , Wasu Pathom-aree
Bryophytes are non-vascular plants with dominant gametophyte stage that play vital ecological roles in natural ecosystems. Unfortunately, their populations are currently in decline due to habitat destruction and various anthropogenic activities. The conservation efforts for bryophytes are hampered by their slow growth rates. This study aims to investigate the potential of actinobacteria to promote the growth of bryophytes. In this study, three plant growth-promoting actinobacteria, Dermacoccus abyssi MT1.1T, Micromonospora chalcea CMU55-4 and Streptomyces thermocarboxydus S3 were cultured in International Streptomyces Project medium 2 (ISP2) broth to obtain culture filtrates containing bioactive compounds for enhancing the growth of two bryophyte species, Physcomotrium sphaericum (C. Ludw.) Fürnr and Sphagnum cuspidatulum C. Müll. Interestingly, the incorporation of actinobacterial culture filtrates into 1/16 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium yielded superior growth performance of P. sphaericum (C. Ludw.) Fürnr and S. cuspidatulum C. Müll, as observed from the thallus height, fresh weight, total chlorophyll contents, and total carotenoid contents compared to control groups. In addition, the inoculation of M. chalcea CMU55-4 on S. cuspidatulum C. Müll grown in sterile peat moss demonstrated the highest values for thallus height, fresh weight, dry weight, total chlorophyll content, and total carotenoid content. All actinobacteria successfully colonized the moss seedlings without any observable negative impacts, indicating beneficial interactions between actinobacteria and bryophytes. This research sheds light on the potential of harnessing plant beneficial actinobacteria to enhance the growth of bryophytes for conservation purposes.
毛藓植物是具有显性配子体阶段的非维管束植物，在自然生态系统中发挥着重要的生态作用。不幸的是，由于栖息地遭到破坏和各种人为活动，它们的数量目前正在下降。由于其生长速度缓慢，阻碍了对红叶植物的保护工作。本研究旨在探讨放线菌促进红叶植物生长的潜力。在本研究中，三种促进植物生长的放线菌（Dermacoccus abyssi MT1.1T、Micromonospora chalcea CMU55-4 和 Streptomyces thermocarboxydus S3 在国际链霉菌项目培养基 2（ISP2）肉汤中培养，获得含有生物活性化合物的培养滤液，用于促进两种红叶植物 Physcomotrium sphaericum (C. Ludw.) Fürnr 和 Sphagnum cuspidatulum C. Müll 的生长。有趣的是，在 1/16 Murashige and Skoog（MS）培养基中加入放线菌培养滤液后，P. sphaericum (C. Ludw.) Fürnr 和 S. cuspidatulum C. Müll的生长表现优于对照组，这一点可以从它们的植株高度、鲜重、叶绿素总含量和类胡萝卜素总含量中观察到。此外，将 M. chalcea CMU55-4 接种到生长在无菌泥炭藓中的 S. cuspidatulum C. Müll，结果表明其叶柄高度、鲜重、干重、叶绿素总含量和类胡萝卜素总含量均为最高值。所有放线菌都成功地在苔藓幼苗上定植，没有发现任何负面影响，这表明放线菌与红叶植物之间存在有益的相互作用。这项研究揭示了利用对植物有益的放线菌促进红叶植物生长以达到保护目的的潜力。
{"title":"Unraveling growth-promoting potential of plant beneficial actinobacteria on tropical bryophytes","authors":"Mathurin Meethangdee , Wasu Pathom-aree","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bryophytes are non-vascular plants with dominant gametophyte stage that play vital ecological roles in natural ecosystems. Unfortunately, their populations are currently in decline due to habitat destruction and various anthropogenic activities. The conservation efforts for bryophytes are hampered by their slow growth rates. This study aims to investigate the potential of actinobacteria to promote the growth of bryophytes. In this study, three plant growth-promoting actinobacteria, <em>Dermacoccus abyssi</em> MT1.1<sup>T</sup>, <em>Micromonospora chalcea</em> CMU55-4 and <em>Streptomyces thermocarboxydus</em> S3 were cultured in International <em>Streptomyces</em> Project medium 2 (ISP2) broth to obtain culture filtrates containing bioactive compounds for enhancing the growth of two bryophyte species, <em>Physcomotrium sphaericum</em> (C. Ludw.) Fürnr and <em>Sphagnum cuspidatulum</em> C. Müll. Interestingly, the incorporation of actinobacterial culture filtrates into 1/16 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium yielded superior growth performance of <em>P. sphaericum</em> (C. Ludw.) Fürnr and <em>S. cuspidatulum</em> C. Müll, as observed from the thallus height, fresh weight, total chlorophyll contents, and total carotenoid contents compared to control groups. In addition, the inoculation of <em>M. chalcea</em> CMU55-4 on <em>S. cuspidatulum</em> C. Müll grown in sterile peat moss demonstrated the highest values for thallus height, fresh weight, dry weight, total chlorophyll content, and total carotenoid content. All actinobacteria successfully colonized the moss seedlings without any observable negative impacts, indicating beneficial interactions between actinobacteria and bryophytes. This research sheds light on the potential of harnessing plant beneficial actinobacteria to enhance the growth of bryophytes for conservation purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anginosus group streptococci (AGS) are opportunistic pathogens that reside in the human oral cavity. The β-hemolytic strains of Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus (SAA) produce streptolysin S (SLS), a streptococcal peptide hemolysin. In recent clinical scenarios, AGS, including this species, have frequently been isolated from infections and disorders beyond those in the oral cavity. Consequently, investigating this situation will reveal the potential pathogenicity of AGS to ectopic infections in humans. However, the precise mechanism underlying the cellular response induced by secreted SLS and its relevance to the pathogenicity of AGS strains remain largely unknown. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism underlying the host cellular response of the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 to secreted SLS. In THP-1 cells incubated with the culture supernatant of β-hemolytic SAA containing SLS as the sole cytotoxic factor, increased Ca2+ influx and elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines were observed. Significantly reduced expression of SLS-dependent upregulated cytokine genes under Ca2+-chelating conditions suggests that Ca2+ influx triggers SLS-dependent cellular responses. Furthermore, SLS-dependent enhanced expression of IL-8 was also implicated in the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. The findings presented in this study are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the real pathogenicity of SLS-producing β-hemolytic AGS in the latest clinical situations.
{"title":"Streptolysin S induces proinflammatory cytokine expression in calcium ion-influx-dependent manner","authors":"Yugo Yamamori , Rina Shirai , Kazuto Ohkura , Hideaki Nagamune , Toshifumi Tomoyasu , Atsushi Tabata","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anginosus group streptococci (AGS) are opportunistic pathogens that reside in the human oral cavity. The β-hemolytic strains of <em>Streptococcus anginosus</em> subsp. <em>anginosus</em> (SAA) produce streptolysin S (SLS), a streptococcal peptide hemolysin. In recent clinical scenarios, AGS, including this species, have frequently been isolated from infections and disorders beyond those in the oral cavity. Consequently, investigating this situation will reveal the potential pathogenicity of AGS to ectopic infections in humans. However, the precise mechanism underlying the cellular response induced by secreted SLS and its relevance to the pathogenicity of AGS strains remain largely unknown. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism underlying the host cellular response of the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 to secreted SLS. In THP-1 cells incubated with the culture supernatant of β-hemolytic SAA containing SLS as the sole cytotoxic factor, increased Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx and elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines were observed. Significantly reduced expression of SLS-dependent upregulated cytokine genes under Ca<sup>2+</sup>-chelating conditions suggests that Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx triggers SLS-dependent cellular responses. Furthermore, SLS-dependent enhanced expression of IL-8 was also implicated in the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. The findings presented in this study are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the real pathogenicity of SLS-producing β-hemolytic AGS in the latest clinical situations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100265"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517424000476/pdfft?md5=cb45c45e4c295bc59d776d6585a4f4dc&pid=1-s2.0-S2666517424000476-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100243
Gouthami Shivaswamy , Shalini Gaur Rudra , Lham Dorjee , Aditi Kundu , Robin Gogoi , Anupama Singh
In mango pickle industry, a significant quantity of mango seed kernels is discarded as solid wastes. These seed kernels can be an ideal source for obtaining extracts rich in bioactive polyphenolic compounds with good antioxidant properties. The potential of mango kernel phenolic extract (MKPE) was investigated as a natural and effective antimicrobial agent for controlling major postharvest fungal pathogen infections, a significant threat to global food supply chains. Fungal pathogens contribute to the deterioration of fruits, vegetables, and grains during storage and transportation, leading to economic losses and compromised food safety. MKPE was obtained from pickling variety 'Ramkela' raw mango kernels, and its phenolic composition was characterized using LC–MS. The in vitro antifungal activity of MKPE against Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporoides, and Rhizopus stolonifer was evaluated in vitro. A concentration-dependent inhibition of fungal radial growth against all three pathogens was observed, exhibiting the potential of MKPE as a valuable natural resource for addressing postharvest losses caused by fungal pathogens. The extraction process yielded a total phenolic content of 2128 mg GAE/100 g. Major polyphenolic bioactive compounds present were mangiferin, quercetin, and rhamnetin. The in-vitro antimicrobial assay showed reduction in the radial growth and inhibition percent of the pathogens. EC50 values of MKPE for B. cineria, C. gloeosporoides, and R. stolonifer was found to 364.17, 963.8 and 926 ppm, respectively. Our results demonstrate an economical, sustainable, and eco-friendly approach to manage post-harvest diseases rendered by fungi using mango MKPE from pickling industry waste.
{"title":"Valorisation of raw mango pickle industry waste into antimicrobial agent against postharvest fungal pathogens","authors":"Gouthami Shivaswamy , Shalini Gaur Rudra , Lham Dorjee , Aditi Kundu , Robin Gogoi , Anupama Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In mango pickle industry, a significant quantity of mango seed kernels is discarded as solid wastes. These seed kernels can be an ideal source for obtaining extracts rich in bioactive polyphenolic compounds with good antioxidant properties. The potential of mango kernel phenolic extract (MKPE) was investigated as a natural and effective antimicrobial agent for controlling major postharvest fungal pathogen infections, a significant threat to global food supply chains. Fungal pathogens contribute to the deterioration of fruits, vegetables, and grains during storage and transportation, leading to economic losses and compromised food safety. MKPE was obtained from pickling variety 'Ramkela' raw mango kernels, and its phenolic composition was characterized using LC–MS. The <em>in vitro</em> antifungal activity of MKPE against <em>Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporoides</em>, and <em>Rhizopus stolonifer</em> was evaluated in vitro. A concentration-dependent inhibition of fungal radial growth against all three pathogens was observed, exhibiting the potential of MKPE as a valuable natural resource for addressing postharvest losses caused by fungal pathogens. The extraction process yielded a total phenolic content of 2128 mg GAE/100 g. Major polyphenolic bioactive compounds present were mangiferin, quercetin, and rhamnetin. The <em>in-vitro</em> antimicrobial assay showed reduction in the radial growth and inhibition percent of the pathogens. EC<sub>50</sub> values of MKPE for <em>B. cineria, C. gloeosporoides</em>, and <em>R. stolonifer</em> was found to 364.17, 963.8 and 926 ppm, respectively. Our results demonstrate an economical, sustainable, and eco-friendly approach to manage post-harvest diseases rendered by fungi using mango MKPE from pickling industry waste.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517424000257/pdfft?md5=2276d8e8e7ce495850d02341830871f9&pid=1-s2.0-S2666517424000257-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141243896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rising environmental problem of plastic packaging waste has led to the development of sustainable alternatives, particularly for food packaging. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable, thermoplastic polyesters. They are employed in the production of various products, including packaging films. The bio-based nature and appropriate features of PHAs, similar to conventional synthetic plastics, have garnered significant attention from researchers and industries. The current study aimed to produce biodegradable food packaging using mango peel (a major agricultural waste) with enzymatic hydrolysis and PHAs synthesis. Mango peel is the hub for macro-and micronutrients, including phytochemicals. The process includes an enzymatic hydrolysis step that converts complex carbohydrates into simple sugars using mango peel as a substrate. The produced sugars are used as raw materials for bacteria to synthesize PHAs, which are a class of biodegradable polymers produced by these microorganisms that can serve as packaging materials in the food industry. To solve environmental problems and increase the utilization of agricultural by-products, this review presents a practical method for producing food packaging that is environmentally friendly.
{"title":"Production of biodegradable food packaging from mango peel via enzymatic hydrolysis and polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesis: A review on microbial intervention","authors":"Vinay Kumar Pandey , Zaryab Shafi , Anjali Tripathi , Gurmeet Singh , Rahul Singh , Sarvesh Rustagi","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising environmental problem of plastic packaging waste has led to the development of sustainable alternatives, particularly for food packaging. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable, thermoplastic polyesters. They are employed in the production of various products, including packaging films. The bio-based nature and appropriate features of PHAs, similar to conventional synthetic plastics, have garnered significant attention from researchers and industries. The current study aimed to produce biodegradable food packaging using mango peel (a major agricultural waste) with enzymatic hydrolysis and PHAs synthesis. Mango peel is the hub for macro-and micronutrients, including phytochemicals. The process includes an enzymatic hydrolysis step that converts complex carbohydrates into simple sugars using mango peel as a substrate. The produced sugars are used as raw materials for bacteria to synthesize PHAs, which are a class of biodegradable polymers produced by these microorganisms that can serve as packaging materials in the food industry. To solve environmental problems and increase the utilization of agricultural by-products, this review presents a practical method for producing food packaging that is environmentally friendly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100291
Md. Nazmul Islam Bappy , Foeaz Ahmed , Tahera Lasker , Emran Hossain Sajib , Md. Shariful Islam
Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough in humans that spreads directly from individual to individual mainly by aerosolized respiratory droplets. Nowadays, it gained the attention of scientific community because it has already been reemerged as one of the major public health threats despite widespread vaccination efforts. Moreover, the growing antibiotic resistance has made it difficult to combat this pathogen with currently available antibiotics. Consequently, screening drug targets and discovering drugs against unique proteins of the pathogen could be a promising alternative. With this view, 3,359 proteins of B. pertussis were screened in silico to identify non-duplicate proteins crucial for survival of the bacteria, non-homologous to humans, involved in unique metabolic pathways of the pathogen, and conserved among various bacterial strains. Among these, Chemotaxis protein Mota, Chromosomal replication initiator protein DnaA, Short-chain fatty acids transporter, [protein-PII] uridylyltransferase, Type III secretion protein V, Potassium-transporting ATPase potassium-binding subunit, N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase, and RNA polymerase sigma-54 factor fulfilled these criteria. These proteins were further analyzed for qualitative characteristics such as virulence properties and associations with antibiotic resistance, etc. In addition, plant metabolites were screened against these unique proteins utilizing molecular docking to discover putative drugs against them. Four metabolites exhibited superior binding affinity and favorable ADME (Adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties which can further be tested in vivo.
{"title":"Screening of Novel Drug Targets and Drug Design for Bordetella pertussis: A Subtractive Proteomics Approach","authors":"Md. Nazmul Islam Bappy , Foeaz Ahmed , Tahera Lasker , Emran Hossain Sajib , Md. Shariful Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bordetella pertussis</em> causes whooping cough in humans that spreads directly from individual to individual mainly by aerosolized respiratory droplets. Nowadays, it gained the attention of scientific community because it has already been reemerged as one of the major public health threats despite widespread vaccination efforts. Moreover, the growing antibiotic resistance has made it difficult to combat this pathogen with currently available antibiotics. Consequently, screening drug targets and discovering drugs against unique proteins of the pathogen could be a promising alternative. With this view, 3,359 proteins of <em>B. pertussis</em> were screened in silico to identify non-duplicate proteins crucial for survival of the bacteria, non-homologous to humans, involved in unique metabolic pathways of the pathogen, and conserved among various bacterial strains. Among these, Chemotaxis protein Mota, Chromosomal replication initiator protein DnaA, Short-chain fatty acids transporter, [protein-PII] uridylyltransferase, Type III secretion protein V, Potassium-transporting ATPase potassium-binding subunit, N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase, and RNA polymerase sigma-54 factor fulfilled these criteria. These proteins were further analyzed for qualitative characteristics such as virulence properties and associations with antibiotic resistance, etc. In addition, plant metabolites were screened against these unique proteins utilizing molecular docking to discover putative drugs against them. Four metabolites exhibited superior binding affinity and favorable ADME (Adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties which can further be tested in vivo.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allergic rhinitis and asthma are two prevailing chronic airway diseases and serious public health concerns. Previous research has already described the role of the airway bacteriome in these two diseases, but almost no study so far has explored the mycobiome and its possible association to airway inflammation. Here we sequenced the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2 to characterize the oral mycobiome of 349 Portuguese children and young adults with allergic rhinitis alone (AR) or with asthma (ARAS), asthmatics (AS) and healthy controls (HC). Our genomic analyses showed that the two most abundant fungal phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) and 3–5 of the 14 most abundant fungal genera (Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Aleurina, Candida and Rhodotorula) in the mouth differed significantly (P ≤ 0.04) between both rhinitic groups and HC. However, none of the same taxa varied significantly between the three respiratory disease groups (AR, ARAS and AS). The oral mycobiomes of respiratory ill patients showed the highest intra-group diversity (microbial richness and evenness), while HC showed the lowest, with all alpha-diversity indices varying significantly (P ≤ 0.0424) between them. Similarly, all disease groups showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.0052) in microbial structure (i.e., beta-diversity indices) when compared to HC samples. Thirty metabolic pathways (PICRUSt2) were differentially abundant (Wald's test) between AR or ARAS and HC patients, but only one of them (D-galactose degradation I) was over abundant (log2 Fold Change >0.75) in the ARAS group. Spiec-Easi fungal networks varied greatly among groups, which suggests chronic respiratory allergic diseases may alter fungal connectivity in the mouth. This study increases our comprehension of the role of the oral mycobiome in allergy-related conditions. It shows for the first time that the oral mycobiota changes during health and allergic rhinitis (with and without asthma comorbidity) and highlights specific taxa, metabolic pathways and fungal interactions that may relate to chronic airway disease.
{"title":"Characterization of the oral mycobiome of Portuguese with allergic rhinitis and asthma","authors":"Marcos Pérez-Losada , Eduardo Castro-Nallar , Jenaro García-Huidobro , José Laerte Boechat , Luis Delgado , Tiago Azenha Rama , Manuela Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Allergic rhinitis and asthma are two prevailing chronic airway diseases and serious public health concerns. Previous research has already described the role of the airway bacteriome in these two diseases, but almost no study so far has explored the mycobiome and its possible association to airway inflammation. Here we sequenced the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2 to characterize the oral mycobiome of 349 Portuguese children and young adults with allergic rhinitis alone (AR) or with asthma (ARAS), asthmatics (AS) and healthy controls (HC). Our genomic analyses showed that the two most abundant fungal phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) and 3–5 of the 14 most abundant fungal genera (<em>Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Aleurina, Candida</em> and <em>Rhodotorula</em>) in the mouth differed significantly (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.04) between both rhinitic groups and HC. However, none of the same taxa varied significantly between the three respiratory disease groups (AR, ARAS and AS). The oral mycobiomes of respiratory ill patients showed the highest intra-group diversity (microbial richness and evenness), while HC showed the lowest, with all alpha-diversity indices varying significantly (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.0424) between them. Similarly, all disease groups showed significant differences (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.0052) in microbial structure (i.e., beta-diversity indices) when compared to HC samples. Thirty metabolic pathways (PICRUSt2) were differentially abundant (Wald's test) between AR or ARAS and HC patients, but only one of them (D-galactose degradation I) was over abundant (log2 Fold Change >0.75) in the ARAS group. Spiec-Easi fungal networks varied greatly among groups, which suggests chronic respiratory allergic diseases may alter fungal connectivity in the mouth. This study increases our comprehension of the role of the oral mycobiome in allergy-related conditions. It shows for the first time that the oral mycobiota changes during health and allergic rhinitis (with and without asthma comorbidity) and highlights specific taxa, metabolic pathways and fungal interactions that may relate to chronic airway disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is a virulent pathogen found in humans that causes the majority of urinary tract infections, and other infections such as meningitis and sepsis. ExPEC can enter the urinary tract through two modes: ascending from the bladder or descending from the kidneys. Human anatomical structures generally prevent the transmission of pathogens between the extra-intestinal area, kidneys, bladder, and urinary tract. However, adhesins, a virulence protein of ExPEC, promote the initial bacterial attachment and invasion of host cells. In addition to adhesion proteins, ExPEC contains iron acquisition systems and toxins to evade the host immune system, acquire essential nutrients, and gain antibiotic resistance. The presence of antibiotic-resistant genes makes treating ExPEC in urinary tract infections (UTIs) more complicated. Therefore, screening for the presence of ExPEC among other uropathogens in UTI patients is essential, as it can potentially aid in the effective treatment and mitigation of ExPEC pathogens. Several diagnostic techniques are available for detecting ExPEC, including urine culture, polymerase chain reaction, serological testing, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and biochemical tests. This review addresses strain-specific diagnostic techniques for screening ExPEC in UTI patients.
{"title":"Diagnosis of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli pathogenesis in urinary tract infection","authors":"Deenadayalan Karaiyagowder Govindarajan , Biniam Moges Eskeziyaw , Kumaravel Kandaswamy , Degisew Yinur Mengistu","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extra-intestinal pathogenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> (ExPEC) is a virulent pathogen found in humans that causes the majority of urinary tract infections, and other infections such as meningitis and sepsis. ExPEC can enter the urinary tract through two modes: ascending from the bladder or descending from the kidneys. Human anatomical structures generally prevent the transmission of pathogens between the extra-intestinal area, kidneys, bladder, and urinary tract. However, adhesins, a virulence protein of ExPEC, promote the initial bacterial attachment and invasion of host cells. In addition to adhesion proteins, ExPEC contains iron acquisition systems and toxins to evade the host immune system, acquire essential nutrients, and gain antibiotic resistance. The presence of antibiotic-resistant genes makes treating ExPEC in urinary tract infections (UTIs) more complicated. Therefore, screening for the presence of ExPEC among other uropathogens in UTI patients is essential, as it can potentially aid in the effective treatment and mitigation of ExPEC pathogens. Several diagnostic techniques are available for detecting ExPEC, including urine culture, polymerase chain reaction, serological testing, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and biochemical tests. This review addresses strain-specific diagnostic techniques for screening ExPEC in UTI patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div><p>Soil degradation is a major global concern due to its negative impact on soil quality and the sustainability of agricultural resources. The conservation agriculture (CA) approach, which includes three key principles such as zero tillage, retention of crop residue and crop rotation has gained widespread adoption to help mitigate the climate change effects on agricultural soils and meet the growing demand for increased production. Earthworm communities, along with microbial activity and diversity, are highly sensitive to tillage practices. Additionally, microbial activity and diversity quickly respond to different cropping systems, making them effective indicators for detecting short-term changes in soil functioning. We therefore, assess the effects of CA innovative approached after 6-years on biological and microbial diversity within earthworm cast in maize-wheat system (MWS). The treatments consist of PBM-RN<sub>0</sub>/ZTW-RN<sub>0</sub> (permanent beds No-N control-both residues removed and wheat with zero tillage); PBM+RN<sub>0</sub>/ZTW+RN<sub>0</sub> (permanent beds No-N control-both residues retained)-50% of maize stover and 25% of wheat residue retained; PBM-RN<sub>120</sub>/ZTW- RN<sub>120</sub> (permanent beds with 120 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> both residues removed wheat with zero tillage); PBM+RN<sub>120</sub>/ZTW+RN<sub>120</sub> (permanent beds with 120 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> both residues retained and wheat with zero tillage) and FBM-RN<sub>120</sub>/CTW-RN<sub>120</sub> (fresh beds in maize/CT in wheat with 120 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> both residues removed). The result of present study showed that activities of carbon (C) cycle-related enzymes in the cast soils <em>viz</em>., dehydrogenase (DHA), β-glucosidase (β-glu), cellulase, and xylanase were significantly higher under PBM+RN<sub>120</sub>/ ZTW+RN<sub>120</sub> than under PBM-RN<sub>0</sub>/ZTW-RN<sub>0</sub>. Specifically, the activities of these enzymes were 21.5, 26.8, and 76.5% higher under the PBM+RN<sub>120</sub>/ZTW+RN<sub>120</sub> treatment, respectively. Moreover, the Alk-P activity was found to be 1.3 times higher in the PBM+RN<sub>120</sub>/ZTW+RN<sub>120</sub> treatment than in the PBM-RN<sub>0</sub>/ZTW-RN<sub>0</sub> treatment. The bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete counts in the cast soil ranged from 6.87 to 7.47 CFU (colony forming units) x 10<sup>6</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> soil, 3.87–3.30 CFU x 10<sup>4</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> soil, and 5.09–5.67 CFU x 10<sup>4</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> soil, respectively. Total organic carbon (TOC) showed significant increases of 34.6% under PBM+RN<sub>120</sub>/ZTW+RN<sub>120</sub> as compared to PBM-RN<sub>0</sub>/ZTW-RN<sub>0</sub>. The less labile C (Frac. 3), total carbohydrate carbon (TCHO), phenol oxidase (PHE) and peroxidase (PER) were observed as the sensitive indicators under different tillage, rate of nitrogen and residue management practices. This study suggests that permanent beds with crop residue retention with balance fer
{"title":"Conservation agriculture practices impact on biological and microbial diversity in earthworm cast under maize-wheat system","authors":"Padma Angmo , Sandeep Sharma , H.S. Sidhu , K.S. Saini","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil degradation is a major global concern due to its negative impact on soil quality and the sustainability of agricultural resources. The conservation agriculture (CA) approach, which includes three key principles such as zero tillage, retention of crop residue and crop rotation has gained widespread adoption to help mitigate the climate change effects on agricultural soils and meet the growing demand for increased production. Earthworm communities, along with microbial activity and diversity, are highly sensitive to tillage practices. Additionally, microbial activity and diversity quickly respond to different cropping systems, making them effective indicators for detecting short-term changes in soil functioning. We therefore, assess the effects of CA innovative approached after 6-years on biological and microbial diversity within earthworm cast in maize-wheat system (MWS). The treatments consist of PBM-RN<sub>0</sub>/ZTW-RN<sub>0</sub> (permanent beds No-N control-both residues removed and wheat with zero tillage); PBM+RN<sub>0</sub>/ZTW+RN<sub>0</sub> (permanent beds No-N control-both residues retained)-50% of maize stover and 25% of wheat residue retained; PBM-RN<sub>120</sub>/ZTW- RN<sub>120</sub> (permanent beds with 120 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> both residues removed wheat with zero tillage); PBM+RN<sub>120</sub>/ZTW+RN<sub>120</sub> (permanent beds with 120 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> both residues retained and wheat with zero tillage) and FBM-RN<sub>120</sub>/CTW-RN<sub>120</sub> (fresh beds in maize/CT in wheat with 120 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> both residues removed). The result of present study showed that activities of carbon (C) cycle-related enzymes in the cast soils <em>viz</em>., dehydrogenase (DHA), β-glucosidase (β-glu), cellulase, and xylanase were significantly higher under PBM+RN<sub>120</sub>/ ZTW+RN<sub>120</sub> than under PBM-RN<sub>0</sub>/ZTW-RN<sub>0</sub>. Specifically, the activities of these enzymes were 21.5, 26.8, and 76.5% higher under the PBM+RN<sub>120</sub>/ZTW+RN<sub>120</sub> treatment, respectively. Moreover, the Alk-P activity was found to be 1.3 times higher in the PBM+RN<sub>120</sub>/ZTW+RN<sub>120</sub> treatment than in the PBM-RN<sub>0</sub>/ZTW-RN<sub>0</sub> treatment. The bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete counts in the cast soil ranged from 6.87 to 7.47 CFU (colony forming units) x 10<sup>6</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> soil, 3.87–3.30 CFU x 10<sup>4</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> soil, and 5.09–5.67 CFU x 10<sup>4</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> soil, respectively. Total organic carbon (TOC) showed significant increases of 34.6% under PBM+RN<sub>120</sub>/ZTW+RN<sub>120</sub> as compared to PBM-RN<sub>0</sub>/ZTW-RN<sub>0</sub>. The less labile C (Frac. 3), total carbohydrate carbon (TCHO), phenol oxidase (PHE) and peroxidase (PER) were observed as the sensitive indicators under different tillage, rate of nitrogen and residue management practices. This study suggests that permanent beds with crop residue retention with balance fer","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517424000555/pdfft?md5=d6b28c1a7f38bec5297f3f89b679f3ef&pid=1-s2.0-S2666517424000555-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100261
Bommana Chanakya , Kavitha Karunakaran , Oliver Christy Dsa , Anil Prataprai Sanghvi , Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay , Piya Paul Mudgal
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, respiratory tract infections have emerged as a significant global threat, yet their impact on public health was previously underappreciated. This study investigated the antiviral efficacy of the nano-coating agent BARRIER90, composed of silicon-quaternary ammonium compound and a naturally derived biopolymer, against three distinct respiratory viruses: Influenza A (H1N1), Adenovirus Type 1, and Enterovirus-Coxsackie B1. BARRIER90 exhibited robust and sustained virucidal activity, persisting up to 90 days post-coating, against the enveloped virus, Influenza A, with significant reduction in viral plaques. Contrastingly, its efficacy against non-enveloped viruses revealed transient activity against Enterovirus-Coxsackie B1, with almost no antiviral activity observed against Adenovirus Type 1. These findings indicate the potential of antimicrobial coatings in mitigating viral transmission through contaminated surfaces (fomites), which harbour pathogenic viruses for longer periods. Antimicrobial coatings may facilitate infection control in various settings, including healthcare facilities and shared workspaces.
{"title":"Leveraging virucidal potential of an anti-microbial coating agent to mitigate fomite transmission of respiratory viruses","authors":"Bommana Chanakya , Kavitha Karunakaran , Oliver Christy Dsa , Anil Prataprai Sanghvi , Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay , Piya Paul Mudgal","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, respiratory tract infections have emerged as a significant global threat, yet their impact on public health was previously underappreciated. This study investigated the antiviral efficacy of the nano-coating agent BARRIER90, composed of silicon-quaternary ammonium compound and a naturally derived biopolymer, against three distinct respiratory viruses: Influenza A (H1N1), Adenovirus Type 1, and Enterovirus-Coxsackie B1. BARRIER90 exhibited robust and sustained virucidal activity, persisting up to 90 days post-coating, against the enveloped virus, Influenza A, with significant reduction in viral plaques. Contrastingly, its efficacy against non-enveloped viruses revealed transient activity against Enterovirus-Coxsackie B1, with almost no antiviral activity observed against Adenovirus Type 1. These findings indicate the potential of antimicrobial coatings in mitigating viral transmission through contaminated surfaces (fomites), which harbour pathogenic viruses for longer periods. Antimicrobial coatings may facilitate infection control in various settings, including healthcare facilities and shared workspaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100261"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517424000439/pdfft?md5=b03a15078dbb5844912bf479e2b6bdd6&pid=1-s2.0-S2666517424000439-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141606664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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