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The spatial mapping of melioidosis exposure in the eastern Indian state of Odisha
IF 4.8 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100346
TS Sarin , V. Vinoj , Gopika Pragna Gujjula , Bijayini Behera , Jayanti Jena , Srujana Mohanty
Melioidosis, a potentially fatal yet treatable disease complex caused by environmental Gram-negative saprophyte Burkholderia pseudomallei, is an ignored and neglected clinical entity. Excluding the hyperendemic regions of Thailand and Australia, the Indian subcontinent is among the areas with the highest predicted global burden of this disease. Melioidosis is not a notifiable disease in India, and in the last decade, most of the published cases have come from western coastal India and Odisha. The extent of the prevalence of melioidosis and its relationship with various climatic elements need to be better understood, and only a small number of studies have focused on it. Given the mortality of melioidosis, which is around 50 % worldwide, the identification of vulnerable locations is crucial for government entities and policymakers for the effective management and mitigation of the disease. In numerous studies, the prevalence of melioidosis is significantly linked to weather parameters such as rainfall, soil temperature, air temperature, soil moisture, and solar radiation. In this study, using hospital records of the disease and weather parameters from reanalysis datasets, we estimated the potential exposure of different regions in Odisha, a state in eastern India, a leading recorder of melioidosis cases annually. Our analysis reveals that the disease exhibits a clear seasonality, with most cases occurring during the monsoon season (higher by a factor of two compared to other seasons). Disease occurrence also exhibits relationships with temperature, rainfall, cloud cover and solar radiation. Analysis using these variables on disease exposure reveals that all regions of Odisha are vulnerable to melioidosis to variable degrees, out of which the districts of Cuttack, Balasore, Khordha and Jajpur are most vulnerable. The results obtained are expected to increase awareness regarding the potential risk of the issue and help government agencies develop effective mitigation measures.
{"title":"The spatial mapping of melioidosis exposure in the eastern Indian state of Odisha","authors":"TS Sarin ,&nbsp;V. Vinoj ,&nbsp;Gopika Pragna Gujjula ,&nbsp;Bijayini Behera ,&nbsp;Jayanti Jena ,&nbsp;Srujana Mohanty","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melioidosis, a potentially fatal yet treatable disease complex caused by environmental Gram-negative saprophyte <em>Burkholderia pseudomallei,</em> is an ignored and neglected clinical entity. Excluding the hyperendemic regions of Thailand and Australia, the Indian subcontinent is among the areas with the highest predicted global burden of this disease. Melioidosis is not a notifiable disease in India, and in the last decade, most of the published cases have come from western coastal India and Odisha. The extent of the prevalence of melioidosis and its relationship with various climatic elements need to be better understood, and only a small number of studies have focused on it. Given the mortality of melioidosis, which is around 50 % worldwide, the identification of vulnerable locations is crucial for government entities and policymakers for the effective management and mitigation of the disease. In numerous studies, the prevalence of melioidosis is significantly linked to weather parameters such as rainfall, soil temperature, air temperature, soil moisture, and solar radiation. In this study, using hospital records of the disease and weather parameters from reanalysis datasets, we estimated the potential exposure of different regions in Odisha, a state in eastern India, a leading recorder of melioidosis cases annually. Our analysis reveals that the disease exhibits a clear seasonality, with most cases occurring during the monsoon season (higher by a factor of two compared to other seasons). Disease occurrence also exhibits relationships with temperature, rainfall, cloud cover and solar radiation. Analysis using these variables on disease exposure reveals that all regions of Odisha are vulnerable to melioidosis to variable degrees, out of which the districts of Cuttack, Balasore, Khordha and Jajpur are most vulnerable. The results obtained are expected to increase awareness regarding the potential risk of the issue and help government agencies develop effective mitigation measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The multidrug-resistant Candida auris, Candida haemulonii complex and phylogenetic related species: Insights into antifungal resistance mechanisms
IF 4.8 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100354
Lívia S. Ramos , Pedro F. Barbosa , Carolline M.A. Lorentino , Joice C. Lima , Antonio L. Braga , Raquel V. Lima , Lucas Giovanini , Ana Lúcia Casemiro , Nahyara L.M. Siqueira , Stefanie C. Costa , Célia F. Rodrigues , Maryam Roudbary , Marta H. Branquinha , André L.S. Santos
The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) fungal pathogens poses a serious global threat to human health. Of particular concern are Candida auris, the Candida haemulonii complex (which includes C. haemulonii sensu stricto, C. duobushaemulonii and C. haemulonii var. vulnera), and phylogenetically related species, including C. pseudohaemulonii and C. vulturna. These emerging, widespread, and opportunistic pathogens have drawn significant attention due to their reduced susceptibility to commonly used antifungal agents, particularly azoles and polyenes, and, in some cases, therapy-induced resistance to echinocandins. Notably, C. auris is classified in the critical priority group on the World Health Organization's fungal priority pathogens list, which highlights fungal species capable of causing systemic infections with significant mortality and morbidity risks as well as the challenges posed by their MDR profiles, limited treatment and management options. The mechanisms underlying antifungal resistance within these emerging fungal species is still being explored, but some advances have been achieved in the past few years. In this review, we compile current literature on the distribution of susceptible and resistant clinical strains of C. auris, C. haemulonii complex, C. pseudohaemulonii and C. vulturna across various antifungal classes, including azoles (fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole), polyenes (amphotericin B), echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin), and pyrimidine analogues (flucytosine). We also outline the main antifungal resistance mechanisms identified in planktonic cells of these yeast species. Finally, we explore the impact of biofilm formation, a classical virulence attribute of fungi, on antifungal resistance, highlighting the resistance mechanisms associated with this complex microbial structure that have been uncovered to date.
{"title":"The multidrug-resistant Candida auris, Candida haemulonii complex and phylogenetic related species: Insights into antifungal resistance mechanisms","authors":"Lívia S. Ramos ,&nbsp;Pedro F. Barbosa ,&nbsp;Carolline M.A. Lorentino ,&nbsp;Joice C. Lima ,&nbsp;Antonio L. Braga ,&nbsp;Raquel V. Lima ,&nbsp;Lucas Giovanini ,&nbsp;Ana Lúcia Casemiro ,&nbsp;Nahyara L.M. Siqueira ,&nbsp;Stefanie C. Costa ,&nbsp;Célia F. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Maryam Roudbary ,&nbsp;Marta H. Branquinha ,&nbsp;André L.S. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) fungal pathogens poses a serious global threat to human health. Of particular concern are <em>Candida auris</em>, the <em>Candida haemulonii</em> complex (which includes C<em>. haemulonii sensu stricto, C. duobushaemulonii</em> and <em>C. haemulonii</em> var. <em>vulnera</em>), and phylogenetically related species, including <em>C. pseudohaemulonii</em> and <em>C. vulturna</em>. These emerging, widespread, and opportunistic pathogens have drawn significant attention due to their reduced susceptibility to commonly used antifungal agents, particularly azoles and polyenes, and, in some cases, therapy-induced resistance to echinocandins. Notably, <em>C. auris</em> is classified in the critical priority group on the World Health Organization's fungal priority pathogens list, which highlights fungal species capable of causing systemic infections with significant mortality and morbidity risks as well as the challenges posed by their MDR profiles, limited treatment and management options. The mechanisms underlying antifungal resistance within these emerging fungal species is still being explored, but some advances have been achieved in the past few years. In this review, we compile current literature on the distribution of susceptible and resistant clinical strains of <em>C. auris, C. haemulonii</em> complex, <em>C. pseudohaemulonii</em> and <em>C. vulturna</em> across various antifungal classes, including azoles (fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole), polyenes (amphotericin B), echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin), and pyrimidine analogues (flucytosine). We also outline the main antifungal resistance mechanisms identified in planktonic cells of these yeast species. Finally, we explore the impact of biofilm formation, a classical virulence attribute of fungi, on antifungal resistance, highlighting the resistance mechanisms associated with this complex microbial structure that have been uncovered to date.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143241127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The evolution of antifungal therapy: Traditional agents, current challenges and future perspectives
IF 4.8 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100341
Cássia Milena de Souza , Bárbara Tavares Bezerra , Daniel Agreda Mellon , Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
Fungal infections kill more than 3 million people every year. This high number reflects the significant challenges that treating these diseases worldwide presents. The current arsenal of antifungal drugs is limited and often accompanied by high toxicity to patients, elevated treatment costs, increased frequency of resistance rates, and the emergence of naturally resistant species. These treatment challenges highlight the urgency of developing new antifungal therapies, which could positively impact millions of lives each year globally. Our review offers an overview of the antifungal drugs currently available for treatment, presents the status of new antifungal drugs under clinical study, and explores ahead to future candidates that aim to help address this important global health issue.
{"title":"The evolution of antifungal therapy: Traditional agents, current challenges and future perspectives","authors":"Cássia Milena de Souza ,&nbsp;Bárbara Tavares Bezerra ,&nbsp;Daniel Agreda Mellon ,&nbsp;Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungal infections kill more than 3 million people every year. This high number reflects the significant challenges that treating these diseases worldwide presents. The current arsenal of antifungal drugs is limited and often accompanied by high toxicity to patients, elevated treatment costs, increased frequency of resistance rates, and the emergence of naturally resistant species. These treatment challenges highlight the urgency of developing new antifungal therapies, which could positively impact millions of lives each year globally. Our review offers an overview of the antifungal drugs currently available for treatment, presents the status of new antifungal drugs under clinical study, and explores ahead to future candidates that aim to help address this important global health issue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100341"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cooperative mechanisms of LexA and HtpG in the regulation of virulence gene expression in Pseudomonas plecoglossicida
IF 4.8 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100351
Rongchao He , Yanfei Zuo , Qiu Li , Qingpi Yan , Lixing Huang
LexA is a well-known transcriptional repressor of DNA repair genes induced by DNA damage in Escherichia coli and other bacterial species. Recently, this paradigm—that LexA solely regulates the SOS response—has been challenged as studies reveal its involvement in various biological functions linked to virulence. Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, a major pathogen in mariculture, causes substantial economic losses annually in China. Our previous research suggested that LexA might collaboratively regulate virulence gene expression with HtpG during infection. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which LexA controls virulence gene expression. We employed an array of methods including molecular dynamics simulations, molecular docking, ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, mass spectrometry, gene mutagenesis, LacZ reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, co-immunoprecipitation, and in vitro LexA degradation experiments. Our findings identified 36 downstream virulence genes regulated by LexA, define three critical LexA binding motifs, and provide an in-depth analysis of LexA's recognition and binding to promoters, thereby regulating virulence gene expression. Additionally, we confirm the cooperative regulatory roles of HtpG, RecA, and LexA in virulence gene modulation. This is the first report of an endogenous accessory factor aiding in the binding of LexA to DNA. This study enhances our understanding of LexA's role in virulence regulation and offers a valuable theoretical and practical foundation for disease prevention and control.
{"title":"Cooperative mechanisms of LexA and HtpG in the regulation of virulence gene expression in Pseudomonas plecoglossicida","authors":"Rongchao He ,&nbsp;Yanfei Zuo ,&nbsp;Qiu Li ,&nbsp;Qingpi Yan ,&nbsp;Lixing Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>LexA is a well-known transcriptional repressor of DNA repair genes induced by DNA damage in <em>Escherichia coli</em> and other bacterial species. Recently, this paradigm—that LexA solely regulates the SOS response—has been challenged as studies reveal its involvement in various biological functions linked to virulence. <em>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida</em>, a major pathogen in mariculture, causes substantial economic losses annually in China. Our previous research suggested that LexA might collaboratively regulate virulence gene expression with HtpG during infection. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which LexA controls virulence gene expression. We employed an array of methods including molecular dynamics simulations, molecular docking, ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, mass spectrometry, gene mutagenesis, LacZ reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, co-immunoprecipitation, and in vitro LexA degradation experiments. Our findings identified 36 downstream virulence genes regulated by LexA, define three critical LexA binding motifs, and provide an in-depth analysis of LexA's recognition and binding to promoters, thereby regulating virulence gene expression. Additionally, we confirm the cooperative regulatory roles of HtpG, RecA, and LexA in virulence gene modulation. This is the first report of an endogenous accessory factor aiding in the binding of LexA to DNA. This study enhances our understanding of LexA's role in virulence regulation and offers a valuable theoretical and practical foundation for disease prevention and control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of synergistic fermentation of tea bee pollen with bacteria and enzymes on growth and intestinal health of Apis cerana cerana
IF 4.8 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100343
Panpan Xue , Le Xu , Yakai Tian , Mingkui Lv , Pingping Fang , Kun Dong , Qiuye Lin , Zhenhui Cao
While the health benefits of lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-fermented feed on farmed animals are well-established, its potential benefits for honeybees, specifically Apis cerana cerana, remain largely unexplored. The present study aimed to optimize an enzymatic hydrolysis process for tea bee pollen, employing a complex enzyme comprising acid cellulase and pectinase, followed by fermentation with Limosilactobacillus reuteri LP4. A. c. cerana workers were subsequently fed tea bee pollen processed with this optimized method. Under the optimal processing condition of fermented tea bee pollen, the pH value was 4.41, the protein content was 27.75 %, and the viable count of LAB was 2.31×10⁹ CFU/g. No molds and yeasts as well as pathogens were detected. Compared to the unfermented pollen, honey bee workers administrated with fermented tea pollen with L. reuteri LP4 showed significantly increased survival rate by 24.34 % on day 15. Moreover, the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were elevated, while those of Enterococcus and Bacteroides were diminished. Concurrently, the relative expression levels of immune-related genes including Abaecin, PPO, Defensin, and Vg were significantly upregulated. These findings provide a scientific foundation for application of fermented feeds to enhance the health of A. c. cerana populations and contribute to the sustainable development of apiculture in China.
{"title":"Effects of synergistic fermentation of tea bee pollen with bacteria and enzymes on growth and intestinal health of Apis cerana cerana","authors":"Panpan Xue ,&nbsp;Le Xu ,&nbsp;Yakai Tian ,&nbsp;Mingkui Lv ,&nbsp;Pingping Fang ,&nbsp;Kun Dong ,&nbsp;Qiuye Lin ,&nbsp;Zhenhui Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the health benefits of lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-fermented feed on farmed animals are well-established, its potential benefits for honeybees, specifically <em>Apis cerana cerana</em>, remain largely unexplored. The present study aimed to optimize an enzymatic hydrolysis process for tea bee pollen, employing a complex enzyme comprising acid cellulase and pectinase, followed by fermentation with <em>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</em> LP4. <em>A. c. cerana</em> workers were subsequently fed tea bee pollen processed with this optimized method. Under the optimal processing condition of fermented tea bee pollen, the pH value was 4.41, the protein content was 27.75 %, and the viable count of LAB was 2.31×10⁹ CFU/g. No molds and yeasts as well as pathogens were detected. Compared to the unfermented pollen, honey bee workers administrated with fermented tea pollen with L. <em>reuteri</em> LP4 showed significantly increased survival rate by 24.34 % on day 15. Moreover, the relative abundances of <em>Lactobacillus</em> and <em>Bifidobacterium</em> were elevated, while those of <em>Enterococcus</em> and <em>Bacteroides</em> were diminished. Concurrently, the relative expression levels of immune-related genes including <em>Abaecin, PPO, Defensin</em>, and <em>Vg</em> were significantly upregulated. These findings provide a scientific foundation for application of fermented feeds to enhance the health of <em>A. c. cerana</em> populations and contribute to the sustainable development of apiculture in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A novel mode of histone-like protein HupB regulating Sinorhizobium meliloti cell division through lysine acetylation
IF 4.8 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100345
Ningning Li , Huibo Jin , Hongbo Li , Huilin Yu , Xiaoxu Wu , Tianci Zhang , Liangliang Yu , Zhaoling Qin , Li Luo
HU, a small, basic histone-like protein, binds to bacterial genomic DNA, influencing DNA conformation, replication, and transcription. Its acetylation is a key post-translational modification affecting its DNA-binding activity. The role of HU acetylation in regulating cell division through the cell cycle regulatory system remained largely unknown. In this study, we find that stimulation of lysine acetylation or non-acetylation in HupB, a homolog of HU, differentially regulates the expression of cell cycle regulators, as well as cell growth and division in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Lys3, Lys13, and Lys83 in HupB were identified as acetylated residues by mass spectrometry. Mutating these residues to arginine (stimulating non-acetylation) in HupB impedes normal cell division, while substituting them with glycine (mimicking acetylation) allows for rapid cell duplication. The mimicry of non-acetylated HupB leads to enlarged abnormal cells, while stimulating acetylated HupB only reduces cell length. Transcription activation was observed in the mutant cells. Cell cycle regulators such as CtrA, GcrA and DnaA were differentially expressed in the mutants. HupB substitutions differentially bound to these cell cycle regulatory genes. These findings suggest that the appropriate acetylation of HupB regulates the expression of cell cycle regulators, thereby controlling S. meliloti cell division.
{"title":"A novel mode of histone-like protein HupB regulating Sinorhizobium meliloti cell division through lysine acetylation","authors":"Ningning Li ,&nbsp;Huibo Jin ,&nbsp;Hongbo Li ,&nbsp;Huilin Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaoxu Wu ,&nbsp;Tianci Zhang ,&nbsp;Liangliang Yu ,&nbsp;Zhaoling Qin ,&nbsp;Li Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>HU, a small, basic histone-like protein, binds to bacterial genomic DNA, influencing DNA conformation, replication, and transcription. Its acetylation is a key post-translational modification affecting its DNA-binding activity. The role of HU acetylation in regulating cell division through the cell cycle regulatory system remained largely unknown. In this study, we find that stimulation of lysine acetylation or non-acetylation in HupB, a homolog of HU, differentially regulates the expression of cell cycle regulators, as well as cell growth and division in <em>Sinorhizobium meliloti</em>. Lys3, Lys13, and Lys83 in HupB were identified as acetylated residues by mass spectrometry. Mutating these residues to arginine (stimulating non-acetylation) in HupB impedes normal cell division, while substituting them with glycine (mimicking acetylation) allows for rapid cell duplication. The mimicry of non-acetylated HupB leads to enlarged abnormal cells, while stimulating acetylated HupB only reduces cell length. Transcription activation was observed in the mutant cells. Cell cycle regulators such as CtrA, GcrA and DnaA were differentially expressed in the mutants. HupB substitutions differentially bound to these cell cycle regulatory genes. These findings suggest that the appropriate acetylation of HupB regulates the expression of cell cycle regulators, thereby controlling <em>S. meliloti</em> cell division.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100345"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identification and characterization of amphipathic antimicrobial peptides with broad spectrum activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria.
IF 4.8 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100363
Mireia López-Siles , Ana Tajuelo , Pau Caravaca-Fuentes , Marta Planas , Lidia Feliu , Michael J. McConnell
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are potential alternatives to antibiotics given the reduced likelihood of resistance and their high selectivity towards bacteria. AMPs with activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been reported. The aim of this study is to characterize the activity of novel BP100 analogues against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Eleven bacterial strains representing five pathogenic species were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 26 peptides. An initial screen was performed at 50 µg/ml, and those peptides that inhibited ≈90 % of growth of all strains were selected. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC), inhibition in biofilm formation, time kill assays, stability in human serum and in vivo toxicity were assessed. BP607, BP76 and BP145, had broad activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. MICs ranged between 3.13 and 50 µg/ml, whereas MBCs ranged between 6.25 and 100 µg/ml. Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were the most susceptible species. At 2x the MIC, all compounds were bactericidal after 6h. BP76 inhibited ≥ 76.77 % of K. pneumoniae and E. coli biofilm formation at subinhibitory concentrations. BP145 had improved serum stability and lower toxicity compared to BP607. In conclusion, BP145 and BP76 demonstrate broad antimicrobial activity, are active at non-toxic concentrations, feature bactericidal activity at 6h and inhibit biofilm formation.
{"title":"Identification and characterization of amphipathic antimicrobial peptides with broad spectrum activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria.","authors":"Mireia López-Siles ,&nbsp;Ana Tajuelo ,&nbsp;Pau Caravaca-Fuentes ,&nbsp;Marta Planas ,&nbsp;Lidia Feliu ,&nbsp;Michael J. McConnell","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are potential alternatives to antibiotics given the reduced likelihood of resistance and their high selectivity towards bacteria. AMPs with activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been reported. The aim of this study is to characterize the activity of novel <strong>BP100</strong> analogues against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Eleven bacterial strains representing five pathogenic species were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 26 peptides. An initial screen was performed at 50 µg/ml, and those peptides that inhibited ≈90 % of growth of all strains were selected. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC), inhibition in biofilm formation, time kill assays, stability in human serum and <em>in vivo</em> toxicity were assessed. <strong>BP607, BP76</strong> and <strong>BP145,</strong> had broad activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. MICs ranged between 3.13 and 50 µg/ml, whereas MBCs ranged between 6.25 and 100 µg/ml. <em>Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> were the most susceptible species. At 2x the MIC, all compounds were bactericidal after 6h. <strong>BP76</strong> inhibited ≥ 76.77 % of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> and <em>E. coli</em> biofilm formation at subinhibitory concentrations. <strong>BP145</strong> had improved serum stability and lower toxicity compared to <strong>BP607</strong>. In conclusion, <strong>BP145</strong> and <strong>BP76</strong> demonstrate broad antimicrobial activity, are active at non-toxic concentrations, feature bactericidal activity at 6h and inhibit biofilm formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100363"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pyricularia pennisetigena and Pyricularia oryzae isolates from Paraguay's wheat-growing regions and the impact on wheat
IF 4.8 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100361
Cinthia Carolina Cazal-Martínez , Yessica Magaliz Reyes-Caballero , Alice Rocio Chávez , Pastor Enmanuel Pérez-Estigarribia , Man Mohan Kohli , Alcides Rojas , Andrea Alejandra Arrua , Juliana Moura-Mendes , Ramón Souza-Perera , José Juan Zúñiga Agilar , Emile Gluck-Thaler , Horacio Lopez-Nicora , Julio Cesar Masaru Iehisa
The Pyricularia genus includes species causing blast disease in monocots, posing significant challenges for disease management due to their ability to infect multiple hosts. This study aimed to identify the pathogenicity and species identity of Pyricularia isolates from 11 plant species in wheat-growing regions of Paraguay and assess their capacity to infect wheat. Twenty-four monosporic isolates were analyzed based on macroscopic and microscopic and phylogenetic characteristics. Three phylogenetic clades corresponding to P. oryzae, P. grisea, and P. pennisetigena were identified through five barcoding genes. For the first time, wheat blast was reported in San Pedro Department, and blast disease was observed in weeds in Cordillera and Central Departments. In greenhouse trials, P. oryzae isolates from wheat successfully infected both susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars, whereas isolates from non-wheat hosts did not elicit symptoms. Notably, P. pennisetigena isolates derived from Cenchrus echinatus were capable of infecting wheat spikes, producing typical blast symptoms, highlighting the potential for cross-species pathogen transmission. This finding suggests P. pennisetigena may pose an emerging threat to wheat in Paraguay, as its primary host is prevalent near wheat fields. These results highlight the critical importance of integrated disease management strategies, particularly the identification of inoculum sources, to mitigate cross-species pathogen transmission. This approach aligns with the One Health paradigm by addressing interconnected risks to plant health, food security, and environmental sustainability.
{"title":"Pyricularia pennisetigena and Pyricularia oryzae isolates from Paraguay's wheat-growing regions and the impact on wheat","authors":"Cinthia Carolina Cazal-Martínez ,&nbsp;Yessica Magaliz Reyes-Caballero ,&nbsp;Alice Rocio Chávez ,&nbsp;Pastor Enmanuel Pérez-Estigarribia ,&nbsp;Man Mohan Kohli ,&nbsp;Alcides Rojas ,&nbsp;Andrea Alejandra Arrua ,&nbsp;Juliana Moura-Mendes ,&nbsp;Ramón Souza-Perera ,&nbsp;José Juan Zúñiga Agilar ,&nbsp;Emile Gluck-Thaler ,&nbsp;Horacio Lopez-Nicora ,&nbsp;Julio Cesar Masaru Iehisa","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>Pyricularia</em> genus includes species causing blast disease in monocots, posing significant challenges for disease management due to their ability to infect multiple hosts. This study aimed to identify the pathogenicity and species identity of <em>Pyricularia</em> isolates from 11 plant species in wheat-growing regions of Paraguay and assess their capacity to infect wheat. Twenty-four monosporic isolates were analyzed based on macroscopic and microscopic and phylogenetic characteristics. Three phylogenetic clades corresponding to <em>P. oryzae, P. grisea</em>, and <em>P. pennisetigena</em> were identified through five barcoding genes. For the first time, wheat blast was reported in San Pedro Department, and blast disease was observed in weeds in Cordillera and Central Departments. In greenhouse trials, <em>P. oryzae</em> isolates from wheat successfully infected both susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars, whereas isolates from non-wheat hosts did not elicit symptoms. Notably, <em>P. pennisetigena</em> isolates derived from <em>Cenchrus echinatus</em> were capable of infecting wheat spikes, producing typical blast symptoms, highlighting the potential for cross-species pathogen transmission. This finding suggests <em>P. pennisetigena</em> may pose an emerging threat to wheat in Paraguay, as its primary host is prevalent near wheat fields. These results highlight the critical importance of integrated disease management strategies, particularly the identification of inoculum sources, to mitigate cross-species pathogen transmission. This approach aligns with the One Health paradigm by addressing interconnected risks to plant health, food security, and environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100361"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multi-omics unveils strain-specific neuroactive metabolite production linked to inflammation modulation by Bacteroides and their extracellular vesicles
IF 4.8 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100358
Basit Yousuf , Walid Mottawea , Galal Ali Esmail , Nazila Nazemof , Nour Elhouda Bouhlel , Emmanuel Njoku , Yingxi Li , Xu Zhang , Zoran Minic , Riadh Hammami
Bacteroides species are key members of the human gut microbiome and play crucial roles in gut ecology, metabolism, and host-microbe interactions. This study investigated the strain-specific production of neuroactive metabolites by 18 Bacteroidetes (12 Bacteroides, 4 Phocaeicola, and 2 Parabacteroides) using multi-omics approaches. Genomic analysis revealed a significant potential for producing GABA, tryptophan, tyrosine, and histidine metabolism-linked neuroactive compounds. Using untargeted and targeted metabolomics, we identified key neurotransmitter-related or precursor metabolites, including GABA, l-tryptophan, 5-HTP, normelatonin, kynurenic acid, l-tyrosine, and norepinephrine, in a strain- and media-specific manner, with GABA (1–2 mM) being the most abundant. Additionally, extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by Bacteroides harbor multiple neuroactive metabolites, mainly GABA, and related key enzymes. We used CRISPR/Cas12a-based gene engineering to create a knockout mutant lacking the glutamate decarboxylase gene (gadB) to demonstrate the specific contribution of Bacteroides finegoldii-derived GABA in modulating intestinal homeostasis. Cell-free supernatants from wild-type (WT, GABA+) and ΔgadB (GABA-) provided GABA-independent reinforcement of epithelial membrane integrity in LPS-treated Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultures. EVs from WT and ΔgadB attenuated inflammatory immune response of LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophages, with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6), downregulation of TNF-α, and upregulation of IL-10 and TGF-β. GABA production by B. finegoldii had a limited impact on gut barrier integrity but a significant role in modulating inflammation. This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of a myriad of neuroactive metabolites produced by Bacteroides species in a strain- and media-specific manner in supernatant and EVs, with GABA being the most dominant metabolite and influencing immune responses.
{"title":"Multi-omics unveils strain-specific neuroactive metabolite production linked to inflammation modulation by Bacteroides and their extracellular vesicles","authors":"Basit Yousuf ,&nbsp;Walid Mottawea ,&nbsp;Galal Ali Esmail ,&nbsp;Nazila Nazemof ,&nbsp;Nour Elhouda Bouhlel ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Njoku ,&nbsp;Yingxi Li ,&nbsp;Xu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zoran Minic ,&nbsp;Riadh Hammami","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bacteroides</em> species are key members of the human gut microbiome and play crucial roles in gut ecology, metabolism, and host-microbe interactions. This study investigated the strain-specific production of neuroactive metabolites by 18 Bacteroidetes (12 <em>Bacteroides</em>, 4 <em>Phocaeicola</em>, and 2 <em>Parabacteroides</em>) using multi-omics approaches. Genomic analysis revealed a significant potential for producing GABA, tryptophan, tyrosine, and histidine metabolism-linked neuroactive compounds. Using untargeted and targeted metabolomics, we identified key neurotransmitter-related or precursor metabolites, including GABA, <span>l</span>-tryptophan, 5-HTP, normelatonin, kynurenic acid, <span>l</span>-tyrosine, and norepinephrine, in a strain- and media-specific manner, with GABA (1–2 mM) being the most abundant. Additionally, extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by <em>Bacteroides</em> harbor multiple neuroactive metabolites, mainly GABA, and related key enzymes. We used CRISPR/Cas12a-based gene engineering to create a knockout mutant lacking the glutamate decarboxylase gene (<em>gadB</em>) to demonstrate the specific contribution of <em>Bacteroides finegoldii</em>-derived GABA in modulating intestinal homeostasis. Cell-free supernatants from wild-type (WT, GABA+) and Δ<em>gadB</em> (GABA-) provided GABA-independent reinforcement of epithelial membrane integrity in LPS-treated Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultures. EVs from WT and Δ<em>gadB</em> attenuated inflammatory immune response of LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophages, with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6), downregulation of TNF-α, and upregulation of IL-10 and TGF-β. GABA production by <em>B. finegoldii</em> had a limited impact on gut barrier integrity but a significant role in modulating inflammation. This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of a myriad of neuroactive metabolites produced by <em>Bacteroides</em> species in a strain- and media-specific manner in supernatant and EVs, with GABA being the most dominant metabolite and influencing immune responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100358"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation and identification of metabolites produced by Cytobacillus firmus in the interaction with Arabidopsis thaliana plants and their effect on Solanum lycopersicum 硬胞杆菌与拟南芥互作代谢产物的鉴定及对番茄茄的影响。
IF 4.8 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100312
Itzel G. Arteaga-Ríos , Karen Beatriz Méndez-Rodríguez , Raul Ocampo-Pérez , María de la Luz Guerrero-González , Raúl Rodríguez-Guerra , Pablo Delgado-Sánchez
Currently, the use of bio-inputs is increasing due to the need to reduce the use of agrochemicals. However, one of the limitations is to preserve the viability of the living microorganisms, so it is important to find an alternative that allows us to obtain different metabolites to produce it. We evaluated three different interactions (contact, diffusible and volatile compounds) in vitro in Arabidopsis thaliana (At) seedlings with the strain Cytobacillus firmus M10 and its filtered secondary metabolites (M10F). The results showed that the seedlings inoculated by contact with the filtrate (AtM10F) presented increases in root length (30 %) and leaf area (33 %), as well as in the volatile interaction (At/M10F) with respect to the uninoculated treatment. For both interactions, the seedlings inoculated with the bacteria by contact (AtM10) and volatile (At/M10) obtained greater biomass (48 and 57 %). Subsequently, an evaluation at the end of the A. thaliana cycle showed that the treatments obtained by contact and distance when reinoculated with the bacteria and the filtrate (AtM10, At-M10 and AtM10F) obtained 50 % more seed yield than the control treatment, while AtM10F presented 72 %, while At/M10F presented the highest no. of siliques and seeds, which increased the yield by 65 %. In the Solanum lycopersicum (Sl) experiment, the filtrate (SlM10F) showed significant differences in seedling height, leaf length and width (23, 24 and 36 %, respectively). It also promoted an increase in fresh and dry weight, producing a greater root area and larger leaves compared to the control (Sl) and the bacteria (SlM10). We performed a qualitative characterization of the secondary metabolites present in the filtrate, where we found 2,4-DTBP, sylvopinol, isophthaladehyde, and eicosane of interest with possible growth-promoting effects on A. thaliana and tomato. We identified volatile compounds present in plant-microorganism and plant-filtrate interactions as possible precursors in the induction of plant growth, among which phenols, alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, and alkenes stand out. Most of the analyzed compounds have not been found in the literature with reports of growth promoters, is important to mention that due to their characteristic functional groups they can derive and trigger the synthesis of new molecules with agronomic application.
目前,由于需要减少农用化学品的使用,生物投入品的使用正在增加。然而,其中一个限制是保持活微生物的活力,因此找到一种替代方法使我们能够获得不同的代谢物来生产它是很重要的。在体外实验中,研究了拟南芥(At)幼苗与细胞芽孢杆菌(Cytobacillus firmus) M10及其过滤后的次生代谢物(M10F)的三种不同的相互作用(接触、扩散和挥发性化合物)。结果表明,与未接种处理相比,接种过滤液(AtM10F)的幼苗根长增加了30%,叶面积增加了33%,挥发性互作(At/M10F)也增加了。在这两种相互作用下,通过接触(AtM10)和挥发(At/M10)接种细菌的幼苗获得了更高的生物量(48%和57%)。随后,在循环结束时的评价表明,再接种细菌和滤液的接触和距离处理(AtM10、at - m10和AtM10F)的种子产量比对照处理高出50%,而AtM10F的种子产量为72%,at /M10F的种子产量最高。角质层和种子,使产量增加65%。在番茄茄(Solanum lycopersicum, Sl)试验中,滤液(SlM10F)对幼苗高、叶长和叶宽的影响显著(分别为23%、24%和36%)。与对照(Sl)和细菌(SlM10)相比,它还促进了鲜重和干重的增加,产生了更大的根面积和更大的叶片。我们对滤液中存在的次生代谢物进行了定性表征,在那里我们发现了2,4- dtbp、sylvopinol、异邻苯二甲酸和二糖烷,它们可能对拟南芥和番茄有促进生长的作用。我们发现植物-微生物和植物-滤液相互作用中存在的挥发性化合物可能是诱导植物生长的前体,其中酚类、醇类、醛类、烷烃类和烯烃类突出。大多数分析的化合物尚未在文献中发现与生长促进剂有关的报道,重要的是,由于它们的特征官能团,它们可以衍生并引发具有农艺应用的新分子的合成。
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引用次数: 0
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Current Research in Microbial Sciences
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