Pub Date : 2025-06-28DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100183
Mrudula Prasad , Benedikt Prifling , Matthias Neumann , Simon Hein , Rares Scurtu , Alice Hoffmann , André Hilger , Markus Osenberg , Ingo Manke , Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens , Volker Schmidt , Arnulf Latz , Timo Danner
The conductive additive and binder domain (CBD) is an essential component of lithium-ion battery electrodes. It enhances the electrical connectivity and mechanical stability within the solid electrode matrix. The CBD aggregate exhibits inner porosity that significantly impacts ion transport within the electrode. Thus, the spatial distribution of CBD and its morphology play a critical role for ion transport pathways within the electrode. In order to quantify the extent of this influence, we employ high-resolution focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) imaging and isolate regions with just solid CBD and pore. This enables us to quantitatively correlate the CBD morphology with physical transport parameters and present a function that describes the relationship between CBD porosity and its ionic conductivity. Through our work, we provide insights into the CBD microstructure for use in future continuum-scale models.
{"title":"Analysis of carbon-binder domain morphology and correlation to effective ion transport properties","authors":"Mrudula Prasad , Benedikt Prifling , Matthias Neumann , Simon Hein , Rares Scurtu , Alice Hoffmann , André Hilger , Markus Osenberg , Ingo Manke , Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens , Volker Schmidt , Arnulf Latz , Timo Danner","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conductive additive and binder domain (CBD) is an essential component of lithium-ion battery electrodes. It enhances the electrical connectivity and mechanical stability within the solid electrode matrix. The CBD aggregate exhibits inner porosity that significantly impacts ion transport within the electrode. Thus, the spatial distribution of CBD and its morphology play a critical role for ion transport pathways within the electrode. In order to quantify the extent of this influence, we employ high-resolution focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) imaging and isolate regions with just solid CBD and pore. This enables us to quantitatively correlate the CBD morphology with physical transport parameters and present a function that describes the relationship between CBD porosity and its ionic conductivity. Through our work, we provide insights into the CBD microstructure for use in future continuum-scale models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using ultra-thick electrodes could be a promising strategy to increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. However, thickening electrodes leads to higher resistance for electron/ion transportation within the electrodes, resulting in a decrease in capacity and power. In addition, binder migration, which is a problem in the slurry coating process, becomes more pronounced. In this paper, we propose a novel fibrous conductive additive, conductive and binding fibers (CBFs), which are simply fabricated by combining two cost-effective materials—acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride—using electrospinning. We also report techniques to prepare CBF-based electrodes (CBFEs) using a solvent-free dry process. Morphological and electrochemical evaluations of the CBFEs (mass loading: 100 mg cm−2) reveal that the unique electrode structure formed by CBFs leads to high battery performance. The continuous efficient conductive networks formed by CBFs prevent electrical isolation of the active material particles. In addition, the CBFs serve as frameworks in electrodes because of their adhesion, forming larger pores (∼1 μm) and enhancing ion transport. Consequently, CBFEs achieve a discharge capacity of 91.9 mA h gAM−1 at 0.2C—a 1.6-fold improvement over conventional electrodes. The features of CBFs, which combine both conductivity and binding properties, enable the realization of a low-cost and high-performance electrode.
使用超厚电极可能是提高锂离子电池能量密度的一种很有前途的策略。然而，增厚的电极会导致电极内电子/离子传输的更高电阻，从而导致容量和功率的下降。此外，粘结剂迁移，这是一个问题，在浆料涂层过程中，变得更加明显。本文提出了一种新型的纤维导电添加剂——导电结合纤维（CBFs），该纤维是由两种具有成本效益的材料乙炔黑和聚偏氟乙烯静电纺丝合成的。我们还报告了使用无溶剂干燥工艺制备cbf基电极（CBFEs）的技术。对CBFs（质量负载为100 mg cm−2）的形态学和电化学评价表明，CBFs形成的独特电极结构导致了高性能的电池。由CBFs形成的连续高效导电网络防止了活性物质颗粒的电隔离。此外，由于CBFs具有粘附性，因此可以在电极中充当框架，形成更大的孔（~ 1 μm）并增强离子传输。因此，CBFEs在0.2℃下的放电容量为91.9 mA h gAM−1，比传统电极提高了1.6倍。CBFs结合了导电性和结合性的特点，使其能够实现低成本和高性能的电极。
{"title":"Novel conductive and binding fibers for ultra-thick lithium-ion battery electrodes","authors":"Ayaka Yonaga, Shigehiro Kawauchi, Takuro Matsunaga","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using ultra-thick electrodes could be a promising strategy to increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. However, thickening electrodes leads to higher resistance for electron/ion transportation within the electrodes, resulting in a decrease in capacity and power. In addition, binder migration, which is a problem in the slurry coating process, becomes more pronounced. In this paper, we propose a novel fibrous conductive additive, conductive and binding fibers (CBFs), which are simply fabricated by combining two cost-effective materials—acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride—using electrospinning. We also report techniques to prepare CBF-based electrodes (CBFEs) using a solvent-free dry process. Morphological and electrochemical evaluations of the CBFEs (mass loading: 100 mg cm<sup>−2</sup>) reveal that the unique electrode structure formed by CBFs leads to high battery performance. The continuous efficient conductive networks formed by CBFs prevent electrical isolation of the active material particles. In addition, the CBFs serve as frameworks in electrodes because of their adhesion, forming larger pores (∼1 μm) and enhancing ion transport. Consequently, CBFEs achieve a discharge capacity of 91.9 mA h g<sub>AM</sub><sup>−1</sup> at 0.2C—a 1.6-fold improvement over conventional electrodes. The features of CBFs, which combine both conductivity and binding properties, enable the realization of a low-cost and high-performance electrode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing demand for Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in several applications has led to a substantial rise in their production, posing risks in the supply of critical raw materials (CRM, e.g.: Li, Ni, Co). Additionally, improper disposal of end-of-life batteries can lead to environmental pollution and loss of technological value stressing the necessity for sustainable recycling. Current methods involve shredding batteries into a black mass, further processed via pyrometallurgy (energy-intensive) and/or hydrometallurgy with inorganic acids (environmentally hazardous) to recover CRMs. A more refined approach to LIBs recycling includes the dismantling and the sorting of their components, allowing for a targeted extraction.
The spent cathodes recycling process here presented involves the simultaneous delamination from the current collector and the leaching (>95 %) of the cathode active material (CAM) in a citric acid solution, enabling also the recovery of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and Carbon filler as unleached residues, which can be used as a composite binder for new electrodes manufacturing. Lastly, metals are recovered with high yields (>85 %) as precursors, used to resynthesise fresh CAM and close the recycling loop. To validate the proposed strategy, the recycled CAM was used in a new cathode manufacturing followed by its functional characterization in a half-cell configuration, achieving high coulombic efficiencies (>99.2 %) and satisfying specific capacities upon cycling (initial capacity: 115 mAh g−1).
锂离子电池（lib）在一些应用领域的需求不断增加，导致其产量大幅增加，对关键原材料（CRM，例如：Li， Ni, Co）的供应构成风险。此外，对报废电池的不当处理会导致环境污染和技术价值的丧失，这强调了可持续回收的必要性。目前的方法包括将电池粉碎成黑色块，通过火法冶金（能源密集型）和/或无机酸湿法冶金（对环境有害）进一步处理，以回收crm。一种更精细的lib回收方法包括拆卸和分类其成分，允许有针对性的提取。本文介绍的废阴极回收过程包括从集流器中同时分层和在柠檬酸溶液中浸出阴极活性物质（CAM） （> 95%），还可以回收聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）和碳填料作为未脱出的残留物，它们可以用作制造新电极的复合粘合剂。最后，金属以高收率（> 85%）作为前体回收，用于重新合成新鲜CAM并关闭循环。为了验证所提出的策略，将回收的CAM用于新的阴极制造，然后在半电池配置中对其进行功能表征，获得了高库仑效率（> 99.2%）和循环时满足的特定容量（初始容量：115 mAh g−1）。
{"title":"A sustainable delamination approach for simultaneous separation and leaching of cathodes from end-of-life Li ion batteries","authors":"Pietro Cattaneo , Daniele Callegari , Fiorenza D'Aprile , Eliana Quartarone","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in several applications has led to a substantial rise in their production, posing risks in the supply of critical raw materials (CRM, e.g.: Li, Ni, Co). Additionally, improper disposal of end-of-life batteries can lead to environmental pollution and loss of technological value stressing the necessity for sustainable recycling. Current methods involve shredding batteries into a black mass, further processed via pyrometallurgy (energy-intensive) and/or hydrometallurgy with inorganic acids (environmentally hazardous) to recover CRMs. A more refined approach to LIBs recycling includes the dismantling and the sorting of their components, allowing for a targeted extraction.</div><div>The spent cathodes recycling process here presented involves the simultaneous delamination from the current collector and the leaching (>95 %) of the cathode active material (CAM) in a citric acid solution, enabling also the recovery of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and Carbon filler as unleached residues, which can be used as a composite binder for new electrodes manufacturing. Lastly, metals are recovered with high yields (>85 %) as precursors, used to resynthesise fresh CAM and close the recycling loop. To validate the proposed strategy, the recycled CAM was used in a new cathode manufacturing followed by its functional characterization in a half-cell configuration, achieving high coulombic efficiencies (>99.2 %) and satisfying specific capacities upon cycling (initial capacity: 115 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100178
Andreas Trondl , Benjamin Schaufelberger , Thomas Kisters , Clemens Fehrenbach , Anja Steiert , Dong-Zhi Sun
The constitutive mechanical behavior of the individual components in Lithium-ion cells has a fundamental influence on the development of internal electrical short-circuits in crash-relevant load scenarios. These short circuits can result in explosive, thermally unstable states (so called thermal runaways). The experimental characterization of mechanical properties of single components but also of entire cells is therefore a central aspect in the safety-related assessment of battery systems. This paper presents and compares experimental results of the mechanical characterization of individual cell components as well as whole pouch-cells under different loading patterns. Especially, the different mechanical behavior of the active materials NMC and graphite was investigated in dry and wet conditions. In compression tests, the presence of the electrolyte reduced the stress levels by about 100 % for the graphite layered anode (Cu) and by about 20 % for the NMC layered cathode (Al) compared to dry conditions. The separator displayed an anisotropy with tensile strengths differing by a factor of three between the longitudinal and transversal orientations. For investigating the failure of a whole pouch-cell, interrupted flat-punch and hemispherical-punch indentation tests were performed. Post-mortem CT analysis revealed that crack development is rather gradual than abrupt. The initiation and propagation of the failing cell structure were examined and related to the characteristics of the individual cell components. It could be concluded that for a physical based modeling of the deformation and fracture processes within the cell, understanding the mechanical behavior on component and on cell level is crucial.
{"title":"Failure and constitutive behavior of a Li-ion pouch cell under mechanical loading","authors":"Andreas Trondl , Benjamin Schaufelberger , Thomas Kisters , Clemens Fehrenbach , Anja Steiert , Dong-Zhi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The constitutive mechanical behavior of the individual components in Lithium-ion cells has a fundamental influence on the development of internal electrical short-circuits in crash-relevant load scenarios. These short circuits can result in explosive, thermally unstable states (so called thermal runaways). The experimental characterization of mechanical properties of single components but also of entire cells is therefore a central aspect in the safety-related assessment of battery systems. This paper presents and compares experimental results of the mechanical characterization of individual cell components as well as whole pouch-cells under different loading patterns. Especially, the different mechanical behavior of the active materials NMC and graphite was investigated in dry and wet conditions. In compression tests, the presence of the electrolyte reduced the stress levels by about 100 % for the graphite layered anode (Cu) and by about 20 % for the NMC layered cathode (Al) compared to dry conditions. The separator displayed an anisotropy with tensile strengths differing by a factor of three between the longitudinal and transversal orientations. For investigating the failure of a whole pouch-cell, interrupted flat-punch and hemispherical-punch indentation tests were performed. Post-mortem CT analysis revealed that crack development is rather gradual than abrupt. The initiation and propagation of the failing cell structure were examined and related to the characteristics of the individual cell components. It could be concluded that for a physical based modeling of the deformation and fracture processes within the cell, understanding the mechanical behavior on component and on cell level is crucial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-20DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100180
Mohammad Rahimi , Filippo Fenini , Anders Bentien
In this article, different thermal treatment procedures were carefully investigated by electrochemical methods to find the optimized time and temperature for enhancing the electrochemical performance and activity of the graphite felt electrodes within the vanadium redox flow battery. Two prestigious and commercially used graphite felts of SGL GFD 4.65 EA and AvCarb G150 were used for this purpose. Cyclic voltammetry results initially were used to recognize the procedures with the most improved kinetics. This demonstrated the influences of treatment procedures on electrode kinetics by showing an improved electrode rate constant. In the following, area-specific resistance obtained by the polarization curves technique was used to examine the role of the thermal treatment procedure on improvement of the mass-transfer effect and, consequently, explore a treatment procedure to maximize the electrode activity. Both obtained CV and ASR data showed a better performance for thermally treated SGL 4.65 EA compared to that of AvCarb G150. Enhancing the electrode kinetics due to thermal treatment showed the largest contribution to reducing the ASR indicated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the SGL 4.65 EA. The best electrode performance and activity was observed using the thermal treatment of the SGL 4.65 EA at 500/550 °C for 3/3.5 h with an ASR of 0.63/0.64 Ωcm2, respectively, lower than prior works with almost the same membrane properties. An interesting conclusion is that thermal treatment with an optimized procedure can sufficiently catalyze vanadium redox reactions on graphite felts better than those treated with electro-catalysts impressing no need for further electrode modification.
{"title":"Optimizing the thermal treatment procedure using electrochemical methods to improve the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries","authors":"Mohammad Rahimi , Filippo Fenini , Anders Bentien","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, different thermal treatment procedures were carefully investigated by electrochemical methods to find the optimized time and temperature for enhancing the electrochemical performance and activity of the graphite felt electrodes within the vanadium redox flow battery. Two prestigious and commercially used graphite felts of SGL GFD 4.65 EA and AvCarb G150 were used for this purpose. Cyclic voltammetry results initially were used to recognize the procedures with the most improved kinetics. This demonstrated the influences of treatment procedures on electrode kinetics by showing an improved electrode rate constant. In the following, area-specific resistance obtained by the polarization curves technique was used to examine the role of the thermal treatment procedure on improvement of the mass-transfer effect and, consequently, explore a treatment procedure to maximize the electrode activity. Both obtained CV and ASR data showed a better performance for thermally treated SGL 4.65 EA compared to that of AvCarb G150. Enhancing the electrode kinetics due to thermal treatment showed the largest contribution to reducing the ASR indicated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the SGL 4.65 EA. The best electrode performance and activity was observed using the thermal treatment of the SGL 4.65 EA at 500/550 °C for 3/3.5 h with an ASR of 0.63/0.64 Ωcm<sup>2</sup>, respectively, lower than prior works with almost the same membrane properties. An interesting conclusion is that thermal treatment with an optimized procedure can sufficiently catalyze vanadium redox reactions on graphite felts better than those treated with electro-catalysts impressing no need for further electrode modification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-19DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100179
Omar Gómez Rojas , Wataru Sugimoto
Battery-supercapacitor hybrid devices bridge the gap between batteries and supercapacitors, offering high energy and power densities with excellent cycling stability. However, integrating their distinct energy storage mechanisms remains challenging. A strategy to address this challenge is advanced interphase engineering at the electrode|solid electrolyte junction. In this work, we present an optimized solid electrolyte (anolyte) for a layered graphite anode, designed to enhance lithium intercalation, mitigate lithium plating, and promote the formation of a stable Solid-Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) for a Lithium-Ion Capacitor (LiC). This approach significantly improves capacity retention and long-term stability, reaching 100 % over 3000 cycles and maintaining 96.6 % of the maximum capacity at 10,000 cycles, while also maintaining the anode potential below the operating voltage of lithiated graphite (<0.25 V vs Li|Li+). These findings demonstrate a step toward high-performance hybrid capacitors with improved durability and energy storage capabilities.
电池-超级电容器混合装置弥合了电池和超级电容器之间的差距，提供高能量和功率密度，具有出色的循环稳定性。然而，整合它们独特的能量存储机制仍然具有挑战性。解决这一挑战的策略是在电极|固体电解质结处进行先进的相间工程。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种用于层状石墨阳极的优化固体电解质（anolyte），旨在增强锂嵌入，减轻锂镀层，并促进锂离子电容器（LiC）稳定的固体电解质界面（SEI）的形成。这种方法显著提高了容量保持率和长期稳定性，在3000次循环中达到100%，在10,000次循环中保持96.6%的最大容量，同时保持阳极电位低于锂化石墨的工作电压（<0.25 V vs Li|Li+）。这些发现向高性能混合电容器迈出了一步，提高了耐用性和能量存储能力。
{"title":"Enhanced cycle life and capacity retention of dual electrolyte Li-ion capacitor through optimization of the solid electrolyte","authors":"Omar Gómez Rojas , Wataru Sugimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Battery-supercapacitor hybrid devices bridge the gap between batteries and supercapacitors, offering high energy and power densities with excellent cycling stability. However, integrating their distinct energy storage mechanisms remains challenging. A strategy to address this challenge is advanced interphase engineering at the electrode|solid electrolyte junction. In this work, we present an optimized solid electrolyte (anolyte) for a layered graphite anode, designed to enhance lithium intercalation, mitigate lithium plating, and promote the formation of a stable Solid-Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) for a Lithium-Ion Capacitor (LiC). This approach significantly improves capacity retention and long-term stability, reaching 100 % over 3000 cycles and maintaining 96.6 % of the maximum capacity at 10,000 cycles, while also maintaining the anode potential below the operating voltage of lithiated graphite (<0.25 V vs Li|Li<sup>+</sup>). These findings demonstrate a step toward high-performance hybrid capacitors with improved durability and energy storage capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-26DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100177
Jaeseok Lee , Sungmin Kang , Heedae Lee , Kunho Lee , Gwangwoo Han , Sanghun Lee , Dong-Hyun Peck , Joongmyeon Bae
Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which have received much attention based on their high thermo-mechanical strength, are generally fabricated under a reducing atmosphere to prevent oxidation of the metal. The fabrication of metal-supported SOFCs under an oxidizing atmosphere resolves certain inherent issues related to fabrication in a reducing atmosphere, such as instability of the cathode materials and the inter-diffusion phenomenon. On the other hand, this approach limits the process temperature to prevent the excessive oxidation of the metal. In this work, a means by which to fabricate metal-supported SOFCs under an air environment is developed with a thin-film electrolyte, with deposition at room temperature. By introducing a pore-reducing layer while also controlling the viscosity of the coating solution, the surface of the anode is designed to be dense and flat, enabling the stable deposition of a dense thin-film electrolyte. Notable electrochemical performance is exhibited considering the limited process temperature, which must remain below 1000 °C. Through a durability test including temperature cycling and a post-mortem analysis, remarkable robustness of the metal-supported SOFCs is observed.
{"title":"Development of metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells with a thin-film electrolyte under an oxidizing atmosphere","authors":"Jaeseok Lee , Sungmin Kang , Heedae Lee , Kunho Lee , Gwangwoo Han , Sanghun Lee , Dong-Hyun Peck , Joongmyeon Bae","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which have received much attention based on their high thermo-mechanical strength, are generally fabricated under a reducing atmosphere to prevent oxidation of the metal. The fabrication of metal-supported SOFCs under an oxidizing atmosphere resolves certain inherent issues related to fabrication in a reducing atmosphere, such as instability of the cathode materials and the inter-diffusion phenomenon. On the other hand, this approach limits the process temperature to prevent the excessive oxidation of the metal. In this work, a means by which to fabricate metal-supported SOFCs under an air environment is developed with a thin-film electrolyte, with deposition at room temperature. By introducing a pore-reducing layer while also controlling the viscosity of the coating solution, the surface of the anode is designed to be dense and flat, enabling the stable deposition of a dense thin-film electrolyte. Notable electrochemical performance is exhibited considering the limited process temperature, which must remain below 1000 °C. Through a durability test including temperature cycling and a post-mortem analysis, remarkable robustness of the metal-supported SOFCs is observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100176
Öykü Simsek , Philip Zimmer , Simon Muench , Ulrich S. Schubert
In this study, we developed gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) containing cyclic carbonate side chains produced via UV-induced free radical polymerization, a fast and cost-efficient synthesis route, for Li-organic batteries. Cyclic carbonate methacrylate (CCMA) was copolymerized with diethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMEM) for 1 h. Then the resultant polymer films were swelled in 1 M LiPF6 in EC/DMC (50/50, v/v) with an electrolyte uptake of 500 %. These novel GPEs with an ionic conductivity of 1.1 mS cm−1 at 20 °C were electrochemically tested in Li//PTMA cells in comparison with LP30. They were found to show maximum discharge capacities (62.6 vs. 63.9 mAh g−1, GPE vs. LP30) at 0.1 C in addition to better compatibility with Li anodes (25.7 vs. 40.2 mV overpotential in Li stripping/plating tests) and a comparable electrochemical stability window. The results confirm that these GPEs are promising candidates for Li-organic batteries.
在这项研究中，我们开发了含有环状碳酸盐岩侧链的凝胶聚合物电解质（gpe），通过紫外线诱导自由基聚合制备，这是一种快速且经济的合成方法，用于有机锂电池。将环碳酸酯甲基丙烯酸酯（CCMA）与二甘醇甲基丙烯酸甲醚（DEGMEM）共聚1 h，然后在EC/DMC （50/50, v/v）的1 M LiPF6中膨胀，电解质吸收量为500%。这些新型gpe在20°C时离子电导率为1.1 mS cm−1，并在Li//PTMA电池中与LP30进行了电化学测试。在0.1 C下，它们显示出最大的放电容量（62.6 vs. 63.9 mAh g - 1, GPE vs. LP30），此外与锂阳极的相容性更好（锂剥离/镀测试中过电位25.7 vs. 40.2 mV），并且具有类似的电化学稳定性窗口。结果证实，这些gpe是锂有机电池的有希望的候选者。
{"title":"Photopolymerized gel polymer electrolytes with cyclic carbonate side chains for Li-organic batteries at room temperature","authors":"Öykü Simsek , Philip Zimmer , Simon Muench , Ulrich S. Schubert","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we developed gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) containing cyclic carbonate side chains produced <em>via</em> UV-induced free radical polymerization, a fast and cost-efficient synthesis route, for Li-organic batteries. Cyclic carbonate methacrylate (CCMA) was copolymerized with diethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMEM) for 1 h. Then the resultant polymer films were swelled in 1 M LiPF<sub>6</sub> in EC/DMC (50/50, v/v) with an electrolyte uptake of 500 %. These novel GPEs with an ionic conductivity of 1.1 mS cm<sup>−1</sup> at 20 °C were electrochemically tested in Li//PTMA cells in comparison with LP30. They were found to show maximum discharge capacities (62.6 <em>vs.</em> 63.9 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>, GPE <em>vs.</em> LP30) at 0.1 C in addition to better compatibility with Li anodes (25.7 <em>vs</em>. 40.2 mV overpotential in Li stripping/plating tests) and a comparable electrochemical stability window. The results confirm that these GPEs are promising candidates for Li-organic batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Voltage reconstruction is a common technique used in estimation of degradation modes for aged Li-ion batteries. For real-life implementation, it is desirable for voltage reconstruction to work for partial charging as real-life batteries are rarely charged fully. In this pursuit, the presented work investigates a common practice of using truncated data from full charge as a representation of partial charging in voltage reconstruction. Usage of truncated data is prevalent despite known deviations between data collected from partial and full charge cycles and has resulted in a misconception that accurate voltage reconstruction is achievable using partial charging data. Therefore, voltage reconstruction errors between models parametrised using truncated data and actual partial charging data were compared. Results show a four-fold increase in error when using truncated data, which indicates that truncated data is an inappropriate proxy of partial charge. The findings also imply that partial charging is a limitation of voltage reconstruction modelling not highlighted before due to usage of truncated data. This limitation must be addressed to improve the applicability of voltage reconstruction. The study also emphasises the need to generate new battery degradation datasets with appropriate inclusion of partial charging data to enable the development of accurate and holistic models.
{"title":"Li-ion battery voltage curve reconstruction using partial charge profiles: Actual v/s truncated data","authors":"Anubhav Singh , Puritut Nakhanivej , Yazmin Monaghan , Melanie J. Loveridge , Anup Barai","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Voltage reconstruction is a common technique used in estimation of degradation modes for aged Li-ion batteries. For real-life implementation, it is desirable for voltage reconstruction to work for partial charging as real-life batteries are rarely charged fully. In this pursuit, the presented work investigates a common practice of using truncated data from full charge as a representation of partial charging in voltage reconstruction. Usage of truncated data is prevalent despite known deviations between data collected from partial and full charge cycles and has resulted in a misconception that accurate voltage reconstruction is achievable using partial charging data. Therefore, voltage reconstruction errors between models parametrised using truncated data and actual partial charging data were compared. Results show a four-fold increase in error when using truncated data, which indicates that truncated data is an inappropriate proxy of partial charge. The findings also imply that partial charging is a limitation of voltage reconstruction modelling not highlighted before due to usage of truncated data. This limitation must be addressed to improve the applicability of voltage reconstruction. The study also emphasises the need to generate new battery degradation datasets with appropriate inclusion of partial charging data to enable the development of accurate and holistic models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100174
Oliver Krätzig, Florian Degen
The Lithium-Ion Battery is attributed an enabling role for achieving climate policy goals by accelerating the shift of the mobility sector to renewable energy usage and improving renewable energy integration into the energy infrastructure through stationary storage. Thus, challenges related to further optimization of battery technology and its production that need to be tackled to achieve the set goals are manifold. Effective research funding planning is needed to efficiently use resources for advancing cell technologies and its production. However, despite being essential for identifying and prioritizing innovation needs based on technological performance, we perceive that an overview on how current issues in battery cell production hold for impact on a holistic operation site perspective is lacking. Thus, we aim at developing comprehensive process overview specifications for state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery cell production by applying a systematic, methodical approach as well as to derive critical problems and opportunities for targeted innovations application. We contribute to scientific literature by linking process streams and operational innovations in battery cell manufacturing to production management literature. Our findings furthermore have implications for both public research and industrial managers providing guidance on prioritizing development projects aiming at process management efficiency in battery cell manufacturing.
{"title":"A comprehensive review and analysis of technology performance characteristics of lithium-ion battery cell manufacturing: Introducing a Call-for-Innovation-Heatmap","authors":"Oliver Krätzig, Florian Degen","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Lithium-Ion Battery is attributed an enabling role for achieving climate policy goals by accelerating the shift of the mobility sector to renewable energy usage and improving renewable energy integration into the energy infrastructure through stationary storage. Thus, challenges related to further optimization of battery technology and its production that need to be tackled to achieve the set goals are manifold. Effective research funding planning is needed to efficiently use resources for advancing cell technologies and its production. However, despite being essential for identifying and prioritizing innovation needs based on technological performance, we perceive that an overview on how current issues in battery cell production hold for impact on a holistic operation site perspective is lacking. Thus, we aim at developing comprehensive process overview specifications for state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery cell production by applying a systematic, methodical approach as well as to derive critical problems and opportunities for targeted innovations application. We contribute to scientific literature by linking process streams and operational innovations in battery cell manufacturing to production management literature. Our findings furthermore have implications for both public research and industrial managers providing guidance on prioritizing development projects aiming at process management efficiency in battery cell manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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