Journal of Power Sources Advances最新文献_第3页

Failure and constitutive behavior of a Li-ion pouch cell under mechanical loading 机械载荷下锂离子袋状电池的失效和本构行为

IF 5.4 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources Advances

Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100178

Andreas Trondl , Benjamin Schaufelberger , Thomas Kisters , Clemens Fehrenbach , Anja Steiert , Dong-Zhi Sun

The constitutive mechanical behavior of the individual components in Lithium-ion cells has a fundamental influence on the development of internal electrical short-circuits in crash-relevant load scenarios. These short circuits can result in explosive, thermally unstable states (so called thermal runaways). The experimental characterization of mechanical properties of single components but also of entire cells is therefore a central aspect in the safety-related assessment of battery systems. This paper presents and compares experimental results of the mechanical characterization of individual cell components as well as whole pouch-cells under different loading patterns. Especially, the different mechanical behavior of the active materials NMC and graphite was investigated in dry and wet conditions. In compression tests, the presence of the electrolyte reduced the stress levels by about 100 % for the graphite layered anode (Cu) and by about 20 % for the NMC layered cathode (Al) compared to dry conditions. The separator displayed an anisotropy with tensile strengths differing by a factor of three between the longitudinal and transversal orientations. For investigating the failure of a whole pouch-cell, interrupted flat-punch and hemispherical-punch indentation tests were performed. Post-mortem CT analysis revealed that crack development is rather gradual than abrupt. The initiation and propagation of the failing cell structure were examined and related to the characteristics of the individual cell components. It could be concluded that for a physical based modeling of the deformation and fracture processes within the cell, understanding the mechanical behavior on component and on cell level is crucial.

锂离子电池中各个部件的本构力学行为对碰撞相关负载情况下内部电短路的发展具有根本性的影响。这些短路可能导致爆炸，热不稳定状态（所谓的热失控）。因此，单个部件和整个电池的机械性能的实验表征是电池系统安全相关评估的核心方面。本文介绍并比较了不同载荷模式下单个细胞组件和整个袋状细胞的力学特性的实验结果。特别研究了活性材料NMC和石墨在干湿条件下的不同力学行为。在压缩测试中，与干燥条件相比，电解质的存在使石墨层状阳极（Cu）的应力水平降低了约100%，使NMC层状阴极（Al）的应力水平降低了约20%。分离器显示出各向异性，其拉伸强度在纵向和横向之间相差三倍。为了研究整个袋胞的失效，进行了间断平冲和半冲压痕试验。尸检CT分析显示，裂纹的发展是渐进的，而不是突然的。研究了失败细胞结构的发生和繁殖，并将其与单个细胞成分的特性联系起来。可以得出结论，对于基于细胞内变形和断裂过程的物理建模，了解组件和细胞层面的力学行为至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing the thermal treatment procedure using electrochemical methods to improve the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries 利用电化学方法优化热处理工艺，提高钒氧化还原液流电池的性能

IF 5.4 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources Advances

Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100180

Mohammad Rahimi , Filippo Fenini , Anders Bentien

In this article, different thermal treatment procedures were carefully investigated by electrochemical methods to find the optimized time and temperature for enhancing the electrochemical performance and activity of the graphite felt electrodes within the vanadium redox flow battery. Two prestigious and commercially used graphite felts of SGL GFD 4.65 EA and AvCarb G150 were used for this purpose. Cyclic voltammetry results initially were used to recognize the procedures with the most improved kinetics. This demonstrated the influences of treatment procedures on electrode kinetics by showing an improved electrode rate constant. In the following, area-specific resistance obtained by the polarization curves technique was used to examine the role of the thermal treatment procedure on improvement of the mass-transfer effect and, consequently, explore a treatment procedure to maximize the electrode activity. Both obtained CV and ASR data showed a better performance for thermally treated SGL 4.65 EA compared to that of AvCarb G150. Enhancing the electrode kinetics due to thermal treatment showed the largest contribution to reducing the ASR indicated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the SGL 4.65 EA. The best electrode performance and activity was observed using the thermal treatment of the SGL 4.65 EA at 500/550 °C for 3/3.5 h with an ASR of 0.63/0.64 Ωcm², respectively, lower than prior works with almost the same membrane properties. An interesting conclusion is that thermal treatment with an optimized procedure can sufficiently catalyze vanadium redox reactions on graphite felts better than those treated with electro-catalysts impressing no need for further electrode modification.

本文采用电化学方法对不同的热处理工艺进行了仔细的研究，以找到提高钒氧化还原液流电池内石墨毡电极电化学性能和活性的最佳时间和温度。为此使用了两种著名的商用石墨毡：SGL GFD 4.65 EA和AvCarb G150。循环伏安法的结果最初被用来识别动力学改善最大的过程。这证明了处理程序对电极动力学的影响，通过显示一个改进的电极速率常数。下面，利用极化曲线技术获得的面积比电阻来检验热处理工艺对改善传质效果的作用，从而探索一种使电极活性最大化的处理工艺。获得的CV和ASR数据均显示，与AvCarb G150相比，经过热处理的SGL 4.65 EA具有更好的性能。电化学阻抗谱显示，热处理对电极动力学的增强对降低ASR的贡献最大。在500/550℃条件下，对SGL 4.65 EA进行3/3.5 h的热处理，ASR为0.63/0.64 Ωcm2，其电极性能和活性最好，低于几乎相同膜性能的先前工作。一个有趣的结论是，与电催化剂处理相比，优化后的热处理工艺可以充分催化石墨毡上的钒氧化还原反应，无需进一步的电极修饰。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced cycle life and capacity retention of dual electrolyte Li-ion capacitor through optimization of the solid electrolyte 通过对固体电解质的优化，提高了双电解质锂离子电容器的循环寿命和容量保持率

IF 5.4 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources Advances

Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100179

Omar Gómez Rojas , Wataru Sugimoto

Battery-supercapacitor hybrid devices bridge the gap between batteries and supercapacitors, offering high energy and power densities with excellent cycling stability. However, integrating their distinct energy storage mechanisms remains challenging. A strategy to address this challenge is advanced interphase engineering at the electrode|solid electrolyte junction. In this work, we present an optimized solid electrolyte (anolyte) for a layered graphite anode, designed to enhance lithium intercalation, mitigate lithium plating, and promote the formation of a stable Solid-Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) for a Lithium-Ion Capacitor (LiC). This approach significantly improves capacity retention and long-term stability, reaching 100 % over 3000 cycles and maintaining 96.6 % of the maximum capacity at 10,000 cycles, while also maintaining the anode potential below the operating voltage of lithiated graphite (<0.25 V vs Li|Li⁺). These findings demonstrate a step toward high-performance hybrid capacitors with improved durability and energy storage capabilities.

电池-超级电容器混合装置弥合了电池和超级电容器之间的差距，提供高能量和功率密度，具有出色的循环稳定性。然而，整合它们独特的能量存储机制仍然具有挑战性。解决这一挑战的策略是在电极|固体电解质结处进行先进的相间工程。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种用于层状石墨阳极的优化固体电解质（anolyte），旨在增强锂嵌入，减轻锂镀层，并促进锂离子电容器（LiC）稳定的固体电解质界面（SEI）的形成。这种方法显著提高了容量保持率和长期稳定性，在3000次循环中达到100%，在10,000次循环中保持96.6%的最大容量，同时保持阳极电位低于锂化石墨的工作电压（<0.25 V vs Li|Li+）。这些发现向高性能混合电容器迈出了一步，提高了耐用性和能量存储能力。

引用次数: 0

Development of metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells with a thin-film electrolyte under an oxidizing atmosphere 氧化气氛下薄膜电解质金属支撑固体氧化物燃料电池的研制

IF 5.4 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources Advances

Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100177

Jaeseok Lee , Sungmin Kang , Heedae Lee , Kunho Lee , Gwangwoo Han , Sanghun Lee , Dong-Hyun Peck , Joongmyeon Bae

Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which have received much attention based on their high thermo-mechanical strength, are generally fabricated under a reducing atmosphere to prevent oxidation of the metal. The fabrication of metal-supported SOFCs under an oxidizing atmosphere resolves certain inherent issues related to fabrication in a reducing atmosphere, such as instability of the cathode materials and the inter-diffusion phenomenon. On the other hand, this approach limits the process temperature to prevent the excessive oxidation of the metal. In this work, a means by which to fabricate metal-supported SOFCs under an air environment is developed with a thin-film electrolyte, with deposition at room temperature. By introducing a pore-reducing layer while also controlling the viscosity of the coating solution, the surface of the anode is designed to be dense and flat, enabling the stable deposition of a dense thin-film electrolyte. Notable electrochemical performance is exhibited considering the limited process temperature, which must remain below 1000 °C. Through a durability test including temperature cycling and a post-mortem analysis, remarkable robustness of the metal-supported SOFCs is observed.

金属支撑固体氧化物燃料电池（sofc）因其高热机械强度而受到广泛关注，通常在还原性气氛下制造，以防止金属氧化。氧化气氛下金属负载sofc的制备解决了在还原气氛下制备的一些固有问题，如正极材料的不稳定性和相互扩散现象。另一方面，这种方法限制了工艺温度，以防止金属的过度氧化。在这项工作中，开发了一种在空气环境下用薄膜电解质制备金属支撑sofc的方法，并在室温下沉积。通过引入孔隙还原层，同时控制涂层溶液的粘度，阳极表面设计得致密而平坦，使致密薄膜电解质能够稳定沉积。考虑到有限的工艺温度，必须保持在1000°C以下，表现出显著的电化学性能。通过包括温度循环和事后分析在内的耐久性测试，观察到金属支撑的sofc具有显著的鲁棒性。

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引用次数: 0

Photopolymerized gel polymer electrolytes with cyclic carbonate side chains for Li-organic batteries at room temperature 室温下有机锂电池用环状碳酸盐侧链光聚合凝胶聚合物电解质

IF 5.4 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources Advances

Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100176

Öykü Simsek , Philip Zimmer , Simon Muench , Ulrich S. Schubert

In this study, we developed gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) containing cyclic carbonate side chains produced via UV-induced free radical polymerization, a fast and cost-efficient synthesis route, for Li-organic batteries. Cyclic carbonate methacrylate (CCMA) was copolymerized with diethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMEM) for 1 h. Then the resultant polymer films were swelled in 1 M LiPF₆ in EC/DMC (50/50, v/v) with an electrolyte uptake of 500 %. These novel GPEs with an ionic conductivity of 1.1 mS cm⁻¹ at 20 °C were electrochemically tested in Li//PTMA cells in comparison with LP30. They were found to show maximum discharge capacities (62.6 vs. 63.9 mAh g⁻¹, GPE vs. LP30) at 0.1 C in addition to better compatibility with Li anodes (25.7 vs. 40.2 mV overpotential in Li stripping/plating tests) and a comparable electrochemical stability window. The results confirm that these GPEs are promising candidates for Li-organic batteries.

在这项研究中，我们开发了含有环状碳酸盐岩侧链的凝胶聚合物电解质（gpe），通过紫外线诱导自由基聚合制备，这是一种快速且经济的合成方法，用于有机锂电池。将环碳酸酯甲基丙烯酸酯（CCMA）与二甘醇甲基丙烯酸甲醚（DEGMEM）共聚1 h，然后在EC/DMC （50/50, v/v）的1 M LiPF6中膨胀，电解质吸收量为500%。这些新型gpe在20°C时离子电导率为1.1 mS cm−1，并在Li//PTMA电池中与LP30进行了电化学测试。在0.1 C下，它们显示出最大的放电容量（62.6 vs. 63.9 mAh g - 1, GPE vs. LP30），此外与锂阳极的相容性更好（锂剥离/镀测试中过电位25.7 vs. 40.2 mV），并且具有类似的电化学稳定性窗口。结果证实，这些gpe是锂有机电池的有希望的候选者。

引用次数: 0

Li-ion battery voltage curve reconstruction using partial charge profiles: Actual v/s truncated data 使用局部充电曲线重建锂离子电池电压曲线：实际v/s截断数据

IF 5.4 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources Advances

Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100175

Anubhav Singh , Puritut Nakhanivej , Yazmin Monaghan , Melanie J. Loveridge , Anup Barai

Voltage reconstruction is a common technique used in estimation of degradation modes for aged Li-ion batteries. For real-life implementation, it is desirable for voltage reconstruction to work for partial charging as real-life batteries are rarely charged fully. In this pursuit, the presented work investigates a common practice of using truncated data from full charge as a representation of partial charging in voltage reconstruction. Usage of truncated data is prevalent despite known deviations between data collected from partial and full charge cycles and has resulted in a misconception that accurate voltage reconstruction is achievable using partial charging data. Therefore, voltage reconstruction errors between models parametrised using truncated data and actual partial charging data were compared. Results show a four-fold increase in error when using truncated data, which indicates that truncated data is an inappropriate proxy of partial charge. The findings also imply that partial charging is a limitation of voltage reconstruction modelling not highlighted before due to usage of truncated data. This limitation must be addressed to improve the applicability of voltage reconstruction. The study also emphasises the need to generate new battery degradation datasets with appropriate inclusion of partial charging data to enable the development of accurate and holistic models.

电压重构是估计老化锂离子电池退化模式的常用技术。在现实生活中，由于现实生活中的电池很少充满电，因此希望电压重构能够在部分充电时工作。在这一追求中，提出的工作调查了在电压重建中使用完全充电截断数据作为部分充电表示的常见做法。尽管从部分充电周期和完全充电周期收集的数据之间存在已知偏差，但截短数据的使用仍然很普遍，这导致了一种误解，即使用部分充电数据可以实现精确的电压重建。因此，比较了截断数据参数化模型与实际部分充电数据的电压重构误差。结果表明，截断后的数据误差增加了4倍，这表明截断后的数据不适合作为部分电荷的代表。研究结果还表明，部分充电是电压重建模型的限制，由于使用截断的数据，之前没有强调。为了提高电压重构的适用性，必须解决这一限制。该研究还强调需要生成新的电池退化数据集，其中适当包括部分充电数据，以便开发准确和全面的模型。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review and analysis of technology performance characteristics of lithium-ion battery cell manufacturing: Introducing a Call-for-Innovation-Heatmap 锂离子电池制造技术性能特征的综合回顾与分析：引入创新呼吁热图

IF 5.4 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources Advances

Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100174

Oliver Krätzig, Florian Degen

The Lithium-Ion Battery is attributed an enabling role for achieving climate policy goals by accelerating the shift of the mobility sector to renewable energy usage and improving renewable energy integration into the energy infrastructure through stationary storage. Thus, challenges related to further optimization of battery technology and its production that need to be tackled to achieve the set goals are manifold. Effective research funding planning is needed to efficiently use resources for advancing cell technologies and its production. However, despite being essential for identifying and prioritizing innovation needs based on technological performance, we perceive that an overview on how current issues in battery cell production hold for impact on a holistic operation site perspective is lacking. Thus, we aim at developing comprehensive process overview specifications for state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery cell production by applying a systematic, methodical approach as well as to derive critical problems and opportunities for targeted innovations application. We contribute to scientific literature by linking process streams and operational innovations in battery cell manufacturing to production management literature. Our findings furthermore have implications for both public research and industrial managers providing guidance on prioritizing development projects aiming at process management efficiency in battery cell manufacturing.

锂离子电池通过加速移动部门向可再生能源使用的转变，并通过固定存储改善可再生能源与能源基础设施的整合，在实现气候政策目标方面发挥了推动作用。因此，进一步优化电池技术及其生产需要解决的挑战是多方面的，以实现既定目标。有效的研究经费规划需要有效地利用资源来推进细胞技术及其生产。然而，尽管在技术性能的基础上识别和优先考虑创新需求是必不可少的，但我们认为，缺乏对电池生产中当前问题对整体运营现场影响的概述。因此，我们的目标是通过应用系统、有条不紊的方法，为最先进的锂离子电池生产开发全面的工艺概述规范，并为有针对性的创新应用得出关键问题和机会。我们通过将电池制造的工艺流程和操作创新与生产管理文献联系起来，为科学文献做出贡献。此外，我们的研究结果对公共研究和工业管理者都有启示，为电池制造过程管理效率的优先开发项目提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

China's hold on the lithium-ion battery supply chain: Prospects for competitive growth and sovereign control 中国对锂离子电池供应链的控制：竞争性增长和主权控制的前景

IF 5.4 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources Advances

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100173

Tim Greitemeier , Achim Kampker , Jens Tübke , Simon Lux

Battery production for electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates a supply chain capable of supporting the exploitation of a variety of raw materials. Lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt are of particular significance for the dominant lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology, primarily relying on lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathodes. Geographically, the global supply is heavily reliant on China with competition expected to intensify. In light of this, the questions of how global competition manifests at the company level and whether regions capture their share of the supply chain through domestic companies remain unanswered. These are addressed by analyzing the companies behind each supply chain sector and the respective raw materials. The results demonstrate that China, Europe, and the United States of America (USA) exhibit the most pronounced ownership across the supply chain, acquiring the largest foreign shares in the mining sector. Overall, China leads in a total of eleven out of the 12 investigated sectors, with its peak for LFP production at above 98 %. This preeminence, coupled with the substantial output of South Korea, Europe, and Japan in NMC production, the latter represents a viable target for mitigating supply chain vulnerabilities and attaining greater growth and sovereignty.

电动汽车的电池生产需要一个能够支持各种原材料开采的供应链。锂、镍、锰和钴对于主导的锂离子电池（LIB）技术具有特别重要的意义，主要依赖于磷酸铁锂（LFP）和锂镍锰钴氧化物（NMC）阴极。从地理上看，全球供应严重依赖中国，预计竞争将加剧。有鉴于此，全球竞争如何体现在公司层面，以及各地区是否通过国内公司在供应链中占据了自己的份额，这些问题仍未得到解答。通过分析每个供应链部门背后的公司和各自的原材料，可以解决这些问题。结果表明，中国、欧洲和美利坚合众国（USA）在整个供应链中表现出最明显的所有权，在采矿业中获得了最大的外国股份。总体而言，在12个被调查的行业中，中国在11个行业中处于领先地位，其LFP产量的峰值超过98%。这种优势，加上韩国、欧洲和日本在NMC生产方面的大量产出，后者代表了减轻供应链脆弱性、实现更大增长和主权的可行目标。

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引用次数: 0

Efficiency Enhancement on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell system with anode off-gas recycle by evaluating entropy and exergy change 基于熵和火用变化的阳极废气循环固体氧化物燃料电池系统效率提高研究

IF 5.4 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources Advances

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100172

Hsin-Yi Lai , Hung-Ju Lin , Yen-Hsin Chan

The aim of this paper is to enhance the efficiency of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system through various system designs and parameters. To evaluate the effects of design configurations, the impact of high-temperature/low-temperature anode off-gas recycle (HT/LT-AGR) on system performance was investigated by calculating the entropy using the second law of thermodynamics. By analyzing the system with different AGR designs and considering the increasing entropy of heat components in the SOFC system, the efficiency calculations can be more practical and accurate.

In this study, the working efficiency of the SOFC system with HT-AGR is 56.215 %, which is 4.7 % higher than with LT-AGR. The results show that the heat exchanger (HEX) experiences the largest increasing entropy during the power generation process due to the significant temperature difference. At the end of this project, a _CO2 reformer will be used to optimize the system, decreasing the mole rate of _CO2 and CH4 while increasing the mole rate of H2. Based on the simulation results, using a _CO2 reformer can increase the mole rate of H2 by 3 %, improving the system efficiency up to 56.97 %.

本文的目的是通过各种系统设计和参数来提高固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）系统的效率。为了评估设计配置的影响，利用热力学第二定律计算熵，研究了高温/低温阳极废气回收（HT/LT-AGR）对系统性能的影响。通过对不同AGR设计的系统进行分析，并考虑SOFC系统中热组分熵的增加，使效率计算更加实用和准确。在本研究中，HT-AGR的SOFC系统的工作效率为56.215%，比LT-AGR的工作效率高4.7%。结果表明：在发电过程中，由于温差较大，换热器（HEX）的熵增量最大；在本项目结束时，将使用CO2重整器对系统进行优化，降低CO2和CH4的摩尔率，同时提高H2的摩尔率。模拟结果表明，采用CO2重整器可使H2的摩尔率提高3%，使系统效率提高56.97%。

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引用次数: 0

Cathode flow velocity and pressure gradient oscillations in impedance spectroscopy of PEM fuel cells PEM燃料电池阻抗谱中的阴极流速和压力梯度振荡

IF 5.4 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources Advances

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100170

Andrei Kulikovsky

In electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments with PEM fuel cells, the applied AC current induces oscillations of the mass flow across the gas diffusion layer/cathode channel interface. These oscillations perturb the air flow velocity and pressure in the cathode channel. By analogy with Berman’s approach, the transient Navier–Stokes equations for air flow in a channel with a permeable wall are reduced to a single equation for the transverse profile of the streamwise flow velocity (SFV). Linearization and Fourier-transformation of this equation leads to an ODE for the SFV perturbation amplitude. The numerical solution shows that harmonic perturbation of the cell current density generates oscillations of the pressure gradient and SFV. As the frequency increases, the transverse shape of the SFV oscillations amplitude flattens in the main body of the flow, while the peaks form at the channel walls. Averaged across the channel amplitudes of pressure gradient and SFV oscillations linearly increase along the channel. Analytical formulas for incorporation of these effects into impedance models for PEM fuel/electrolysis cell are derived.

在PEM燃料电池的电化学阻抗谱实验中，施加的交流电引起了气体扩散层/阴极通道界面上质量流的振荡。这些振荡扰动了阴极通道内的气流速度和压力。通过与Berman方法的类比，将具有透水壁面的通道中空气流动的瞬态Navier-Stokes方程简化为一个单一的顺流速度（SFV）横向剖面方程。对该方程进行线性化和傅里叶变换，得到SFV扰动幅度的ODE。数值解表明，电池电流密度的谐波扰动会产生压力梯度和SFV的振荡。随着频率的增加，流动主体内SFV振荡振幅的横向形状趋于平缓，而通道壁面处则形成峰值。平均压力梯度振幅和SFV振荡沿通道线性增加。导出了将这些效应纳入PEM燃料/电解电池阻抗模型的解析公式。

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引用次数: 0