Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-9-16
A. Sushko, D. I. Petin
An analytical review of the work of the II All-Russian scientific and practical conference «The activities of domestic special services in the era of social cataclysms», held on October 19–20, 2022 in Omsk, is presented. The authors of the publication (active members of the organizing committee) consider the conference as an actual phenomenon of scientific life, which took place in historical foreign and domestic political conditions that are special for Russia. Covered: the course of the event, the main content of scientific reports, key aspects of the controversy, the results of the conference are presented, the resolution is given. The review is addressed to a wide range of readers, including, first of all, researchers of historical science, Russian special services, local history and official commemoration practices.
{"title":"Science and commemoration: a conference on history of domestic special services in the memory of A. M. Plekhanov","authors":"A. Sushko, D. I. Petin","doi":"10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-9-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-9-16","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical review of the work of the II All-Russian scientific and practical conference «The activities of domestic special services in the era of social cataclysms», held on October 19–20, 2022 in Omsk, is presented. The authors of the publication (active members of the organizing committee) consider the conference as an actual phenomenon of scientific life, which took place in historical foreign and domestic political conditions that are special for Russia. Covered: the course of the event, the main content of scientific reports, key aspects of the controversy, the results of the conference are presented, the resolution is given. The review is addressed to a wide range of readers, including, first of all, researchers of historical science, Russian special services, local history and official commemoration practices.","PeriodicalId":34375,"journal":{"name":"Omskii nauchnyi vestnik Seriia Obshchestvo Istoriia Sovremennost''","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87477644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-127-135
A. Nekhaev
The essay raises questions about the origins of altruistic behaviour. A proper understanding of such behaviours must take into account the evidence of our best biological theories, which indicate that in the animal world (including Homo Sapiens Sapiens) there is no place for genuine altruism. What we often mistakenly call ‘altruism’ is the result of selfish genes.
{"title":"Selfish Genes and Moral Parasites / trans. from Engl. A. V. Nekhaev","authors":"A. Nekhaev","doi":"10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-127-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-127-135","url":null,"abstract":"The essay raises questions about the origins of altruistic behaviour. A proper understanding of such behaviours must take into account the evidence of our best biological theories, which indicate that in the animal world (including Homo Sapiens Sapiens) there is no place for genuine altruism. What we often mistakenly call ‘altruism’ is the result of selfish genes.","PeriodicalId":34375,"journal":{"name":"Omskii nauchnyi vestnik Seriia Obshchestvo Istoriia Sovremennost''","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73229669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-17-20
K. A. Zarubina
The article analyzes the system of monitoring «politically unreliable» persons in Russia in 1867–1917. The relevance of the topic under consideration is due to the need to study regional aspects for a comprehensive study of this issue. To this end, some aspects of the activities of the political police bodies performing the functions of political observation (on the example of the Kursk province) have been studied, conclusions have been drawn about the effectiveness of the implementation of observation measures in countering the development of the revolutionary situation in the country.
{"title":"Features of observation of political police bodies for «politically unreliable» persons in 1867–1917 (on the example of Kursk province)","authors":"K. A. Zarubina","doi":"10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-17-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-17-20","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the system of monitoring «politically unreliable» persons in Russia in 1867–1917. The relevance of the topic under consideration is due to the need to study regional aspects for a comprehensive study of this issue. To this end, some aspects of the activities of the political police bodies performing the functions of political observation (on the example of the Kursk province) have been studied, conclusions have been drawn about the effectiveness of the implementation of observation measures in countering the development of the revolutionary situation in the country.","PeriodicalId":34375,"journal":{"name":"Omskii nauchnyi vestnik Seriia Obshchestvo Istoriia Sovremennost''","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75405248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-40-48
M. Novikov
The People’s Labor Union of Russian Solidarists is the least popular among Russian historians of organizations operating on the territory of the Russian Federation. Formed in Serbia in 1930, by emigrants, it was the oldest Russian national organization opposing the communist regime in the USSR. During the years of perestroika, the solidarists were unable to create a unified party structure in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and act independently. As a result, the organization collaborated with anti-communists from «Democratic Russia», influenced the formation of the Russian Christian Democratic Movement. Members of the People’s Labor Union of Russian Solidarists actively participated in the discussion of economic and social issues relevant to the new statehood, including national administrative construction. The analysis of the organization’s documents, memoirs of its participants, and party journalism allow us to conclude that the lack of a unified program for the transformation of the country, focusing primarily on criticism of the Soviet experience, led to the transformation of the organization into a «discussion club» with further disappearance from the political life of the country. However, the created atmosphere of rejection of the national administrative reforms of the USSR led the solidarists and their supporters to justify and glorify the dissolution of the USSR, the loss of a number of territories and the creation of numerous points of confrontation between the federal government and the subjects of the federation.
{"title":"The attitude of the People’s Labor Union of Russian Solidarists and its subsidiaries to national administrative construction in 1987–1998","authors":"M. Novikov","doi":"10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-40-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-40-48","url":null,"abstract":"The People’s Labor Union of Russian Solidarists is the least popular among Russian historians of organizations operating on the territory of the Russian Federation. Formed in Serbia in 1930, by emigrants, it was the oldest Russian national organization opposing the communist regime in the USSR. During the years of perestroika, the solidarists were unable to create a unified party structure in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and act independently. As a result, the organization collaborated with anti-communists from «Democratic Russia», influenced the formation of the Russian Christian Democratic Movement. Members of the People’s Labor Union of Russian Solidarists actively participated in the discussion of economic and social issues relevant to the new statehood, including national administrative construction. The analysis of the organization’s documents, memoirs of its participants, and party journalism allow us to conclude that the lack of a unified program for the transformation of the country, focusing primarily on criticism of the Soviet experience, led to the transformation of the organization into a «discussion club» with further disappearance from the political life of the country. However, the created atmosphere of rejection of the national administrative reforms of the USSR led the solidarists and their supporters to justify and glorify the dissolution of the USSR, the loss of a number of territories and the creation of numerous points of confrontation between the federal government and the subjects of the federation.","PeriodicalId":34375,"journal":{"name":"Omskii nauchnyi vestnik Seriia Obshchestvo Istoriia Sovremennost''","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76219561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-102-109
T. S. Demin, K. G. Frolov
The article is devoted to the discussion about the relationship between knowledge and skill. This discussion arose within the critique of dualism. It is believed that dualism presupposes an intellectualism in which knowledge-how always derived from knowledge-that. The article proposes a method of distinguishing knowledgehow and knowledge-that through characteristic properties. This method allows us to draw a strict boundary between the two types of knowledge. This is followed by an explanation of the relationship between the two types of knowledge through the inclusion of knowledge-how as a necessary but not sufficient condition for knowledge-that. In the final part of the article, the principle of indistinguishability of knowledge-how among different agents is introduced, on the basis of which it is argued that the division into knowledge-how and knowledge-that works in the interests of dualism, and not vice versa, as supposed by Gilbert Ryle. This division makes sense in light of the Chinese room argument and the demonstration of the difference between humans and weak artificial intelligence.
{"title":"Knowledge-that, Knowledge-how, consciousness and artificial intelligence","authors":"T. S. Demin, K. G. Frolov","doi":"10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-102-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-102-109","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the discussion about the relationship between knowledge and skill. This discussion arose within the critique of dualism. It is believed that dualism presupposes an intellectualism in which knowledge-how always derived from knowledge-that. The article proposes a method of distinguishing knowledgehow and knowledge-that through characteristic properties. This method allows us to draw a strict boundary between the two types of knowledge. This is followed by an explanation of the relationship between the two types of knowledge through the inclusion of knowledge-how as a necessary but not sufficient condition for knowledge-that. In the final part of the article, the principle of indistinguishability of knowledge-how among different agents is introduced, on the basis of which it is argued that the division into knowledge-how and knowledge-that works in the interests of dualism, and not vice versa, as supposed by Gilbert Ryle. This division makes sense in light of the Chinese room argument and the demonstration of the difference between humans and weak artificial intelligence.","PeriodicalId":34375,"journal":{"name":"Omskii nauchnyi vestnik Seriia Obshchestvo Istoriia Sovremennost''","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73332512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-37-44
M. M. Stelmak
This publication reconstructs the causes, circumstances and consequences of the arrest of the Omsk Social Democrat, lawyer K. A. Popov by the gendarmerie in Omsk in January 1916, despite a considerable number of materials on the biography of K. A. Popov, the history of the revolutionary movement in Omsk, a separate study , entirely dedicated to this event, has not yet been published. The basis for the publication is the documents of the paperwork of the gendarmerie identified in the funds of the historical archive of the Omsk region. According to the results of a study built on a combination of an anthropological approach and the biographical method, the author emphasizes the special importance of the documentary heritage of domestic special services that provide significant assistance in the study of sociopolitical history.
本出版物重建了1916年1月鄂木斯克宪兵队逮捕鄂木斯克社会民主党律师K. a .波波夫的原因、情况和后果，尽管有大量关于K. a .波波夫传记的材料，鄂木斯克革命运动的历史，一个完全致力于这一事件的单独研究，尚未出版。出版的基础是在鄂木斯克地区历史档案基金中确定的宪兵文书文件。根据人类学方法和传记方法相结合的研究结果，作者强调了为社会政治史研究提供重要帮助的国内特殊服务的文献遗产的特殊重要性。
{"title":"«I called on the audience to strive for possible simple cessation of the war»: the arrest of Omsk social-democrat K. A. Popov in January 1916","authors":"M. M. Stelmak","doi":"10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-37-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-37-44","url":null,"abstract":"This publication reconstructs the causes, circumstances and consequences of the arrest of the Omsk Social Democrat, lawyer K. A. Popov by the gendarmerie in Omsk in January 1916, despite a considerable number of materials on the biography of K. A. Popov, the history of the revolutionary movement in Omsk, a separate study , entirely dedicated to this event, has not yet been published. The basis for the publication is the documents of the paperwork of the gendarmerie identified in the funds of the historical archive of the Omsk region. According to the results of a study built on a combination of an anthropological approach and the biographical method, the author emphasizes the special importance of the documentary heritage of domestic special services that provide significant assistance in the study of sociopolitical history.","PeriodicalId":34375,"journal":{"name":"Omskii nauchnyi vestnik Seriia Obshchestvo Istoriia Sovremennost''","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76323748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-16-25
V. Ivanov
In the article, based on both previously unknown and published documents, there is considered the history of the underground struggle of Valentin Vyacheslavovich Kamler in the territory of the city of Saki of the Crimean ASSR. The author used materials from: the funds of the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea, the archival department (municipal archive) of the administration of the city of Saki, the museum of local history and mud therapy of the city of Saki. The actions of the underground workers are analyzed, including the following aspects: anti-fascist propaganda and agitation; collection, manufacture and storage of ammunition, military equipment; intelligence activities; the attraction of personnel from Nazi-allied foreign military contingents to the side of the Soviet government. In this work for the first time since the end of the Great Patriotic War, the names of the provocateurs who extradited V. V. Kamler and his associates to the Nazi special services and the police, are named. The publication is addressed primarily to researchers of the underground resistance movement, local historians and publicists
{"title":"The struggle of the Saki underground organization against the Nazi occupiers. 1942–1944","authors":"V. Ivanov","doi":"10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-16-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-16-25","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, based on both previously unknown and published documents, there is considered the history of the underground struggle of Valentin Vyacheslavovich Kamler in the territory of the city of Saki of the Crimean ASSR. The author used materials from: the funds of the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea, the archival department (municipal archive) of the administration of the city of Saki, the museum of local history and mud therapy of the city of Saki. The actions of the underground workers are analyzed, including the following aspects: anti-fascist propaganda and agitation; collection, manufacture and storage of ammunition, military equipment; intelligence activities; the attraction of personnel from Nazi-allied foreign military contingents to the side of the Soviet government. In this work for the first time since the end of the Great Patriotic War, the names of the provocateurs who extradited V. V. Kamler and his associates to the Nazi special services and the police, are named. The publication is addressed primarily to researchers of the underground resistance movement, local historians and publicists","PeriodicalId":34375,"journal":{"name":"Omskii nauchnyi vestnik Seriia Obshchestvo Istoriia Sovremennost''","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77594092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-110-117
A. Kardash
This article examines Christoph Kelp’s project of epistemology, which combines the approaches of Timothy Williamson’s knowledge-first approach and Ernest Sosa’s virtue reliabilism. Arguments are given in favour of the position that Kelp’s theory of competence is a quite productive and substantially self-contained epistemological concept. It allows to construct special epistemologies and to analyse the competence of non-human actors
{"title":"A knowledge first virtue reliabilism of Christoph Kelp","authors":"A. Kardash","doi":"10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-110-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-110-117","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines Christoph Kelp’s project of epistemology, which combines the approaches of Timothy Williamson’s knowledge-first approach and Ernest Sosa’s virtue reliabilism. Arguments are given in favour of the position that Kelp’s theory of competence is a quite productive and substantially self-contained epistemological concept. It allows to construct special epistemologies and to analyse the competence of non-human actors","PeriodicalId":34375,"journal":{"name":"Omskii nauchnyi vestnik Seriia Obshchestvo Istoriia Sovremennost''","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77603343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-49-56
A. V. Chichulin
The article reveals problematic issues related to the process of formation and development of pre-revolutionary Russian cooperative legislation. The main stages of legislative support for the development of cooperative organizations and their unions are identified. The nature and degree of administrative influence of various state authorities on the cooperative movement in the pre-revolutionary period is determined. Problematic moments associated with collisions of cooperative legislation that interfere with the effective functioning of the cooperative system in Russia are identified.
{"title":"Problematic issues of the evolution of pre-revolutionary cooperative legislation in Russia","authors":"A. V. Chichulin","doi":"10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-49-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-49-56","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals problematic issues related to the process of formation and development of pre-revolutionary Russian cooperative legislation. The main stages of legislative support for the development of cooperative organizations and their unions are identified. The nature and degree of administrative influence of various state authorities on the cooperative movement in the pre-revolutionary period is determined. Problematic moments associated with collisions of cooperative legislation that interfere with the effective functioning of the cooperative system in Russia are identified.","PeriodicalId":34375,"journal":{"name":"Omskii nauchnyi vestnik Seriia Obshchestvo Istoriia Sovremennost''","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79589205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-21-29
S. Novikov
The most important of the internal functions of the state is the preservation of peace and order in society. Usually, this function is implemented by the forces of the political police, the effectiveness of which depends on many factors. An analysis of the work of the Special Department of the Police Department in the period preceding the First World War and subsequent social upheavals allows us to draw the following conclusions. Individual figures of the department took steps to build a corporate system as a response of conservatives to socialist movements and organizations, creating controlled workers’ organizations. However, the police provocation quickly outgrew the struggle with socialist movements, and the highest ranks of the Special Department of the Police Department became participants in the confrontation of the elites, which negatively affected the protection of public order. Moreover, the agents of the Police Department actually served as a catalyst for the formation of militant organizations of revolutionary terrorists actively arranging political assassinations of statesmen. This work not only provoked political confrontation and intensified the development of the revolutionary movement, but also morally and materially disarmed police representatives.
{"title":"A special division of the Police Department and its participation in political life of Russian Empire. 1900–1914","authors":"S. Novikov","doi":"10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-21-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-21-29","url":null,"abstract":"The most important of the internal functions of the state is the preservation of peace and order in society. Usually, this function is implemented by the forces of the political police, the effectiveness of which depends on many factors. An analysis of the work of the Special Department of the Police Department in the period preceding the First World War and subsequent social upheavals allows us to draw the following conclusions. Individual figures of the department took steps to build a corporate system as a response of conservatives to socialist movements and organizations, creating controlled workers’ organizations. However, the police provocation quickly outgrew the struggle with socialist movements, and the highest ranks of the Special Department of the Police Department became participants in the confrontation of the elites, which negatively affected the protection of public order. Moreover, the agents of the Police Department actually served as a catalyst for the formation of militant organizations of revolutionary terrorists actively arranging political assassinations of statesmen. This work not only provoked political confrontation and intensified the development of the revolutionary movement, but also morally and materially disarmed police representatives.","PeriodicalId":34375,"journal":{"name":"Omskii nauchnyi vestnik Seriia Obshchestvo Istoriia Sovremennost''","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82981752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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