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Omskii nauchnyi vestnik Seriia Obshchestvo Istoriia Sovremennost''最新文献

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The activities of Soviet intelligence service among Russian emigration in post-war Northern China (according to the memoirs of N. A. Martynov) 苏联情报部门在战后中国北方俄罗斯移民中的活动(据n·a·马丁诺夫回忆录)
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-66-73
M. V. Krotova
The study, based on the unpublished memoirs of the Russian émigré N. A. Martynov, is devoted to the activities of the Soviet intelligence service among the Russian emigration in Northern China after World War II in the context of the SovietAmerican confrontation in the initial period of the Cold War. The methodological basis of the work is the anthropological approach and the principle of consistency. Emphasis is placed on the work of the Soviet consulate and other organizations to split the Russian emigration in Tianjin, its Sovietization and subsequent repatriation.
这项研究是根据俄罗斯移民n·a·马丁诺夫(N. A. Martynov)未出版的回忆录进行的,主要研究二战后在冷战初期苏美对抗的背景下,苏联情报机构在中国北方俄罗斯移民中的活动。本书的方法论基础是人类学方法和一致性原则。重点是苏联领事馆和其他组织在天津分裂俄罗斯移民、苏联化和随后的遣返方面的工作。
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引用次数: 0
Factors of activity of the troops of NKVD of the USSR during the East Prussian strategic offensive operation 东普鲁士战略进攻行动期间苏联内务人民委员部部队的活动因素
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-59-65
A. S. Chentsov
The article discusses the factors influencing the activities of the troops of NKVD of the USSR, providing protection for the rear of the army in the period of the East Prussian strategic offensive operation. Sources are introduced into scientific circulation, which made it possible to identify two groups of factors that influenced the activities of the troops of NKVD of the USSR. The first is external. These include the peculiarities of the situation on the territory of East Prussia. The second is internal. They include changes in the command and control system and the structure of the troops, as well as new tasks, the implementation of which was entrusted to the troops of NKVD of the USSR. The author comes to the conclusion that taking into account these factors is the basis for identifying the features of the operational activities of the troops of NKVD of the USSR during the East Prussian strategic offensive operation.
本文论述了影响苏联内务人民委员部部队活动的因素,为东普鲁士战略进攻时期的军队后方提供保护。资料被引入科学流通,这使得有可能确定影响苏联内务人民委员部部队活动的两组因素。首先是外部因素。其中包括东普鲁士领土局势的特殊性。第二个是内部的。其中包括指挥控制系统和部队结构的变化,以及新的任务,这些任务的执行被委托给苏联内务人民委员部的部队。作者得出的结论是,考虑到这些因素是确定苏联内务人民委员部部队在东普鲁士战略进攻行动期间作战活动特征的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Why do we need indexicals in communication? 为什么我们在交流中需要索引?
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-96-101
O. Kozyreva
The article discusses the pragmatics of using indexicals in communication. I consider the thesis of the indispensability of indexicals from natural languages and the idea that indexicals cannot be reduced to other referential expressions such as descriptions and proper names. Usually, the thesis is supported by the role indexicals play in linguistic communication, making it easier for individuals. I criticize this line of argument by pointing out that indexical expressions can complicate communication as well. The reason for that is using indexicals instead of descriptions reduces the accuracy of information communicated in utterances.
本文从语用学的角度探讨了交际中指示语的使用。我考虑了自然语言中索引不可或缺的论点,以及索引不能简化为其他引用表达式(如描述和专有名称)的观点。通常情况下,论文是由指涉物在语言交际中所扮演的角色来支持的,这样对个人来说就更容易了。我批评这种观点,指出索引表达式也会使交流复杂化。其原因是使用索引而不是描述会降低话语中所传达信息的准确性。
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引用次数: 0
Regional Dimension of history of Organs of GPU-OGPU: to the analysis of monograph by A. B. Gularyan and A. Yu. Sarana GPU-OGPU器官历史的区域维度——对古拉良、余的专著的分析。Sarana
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-1-83-89
A. Sushko
The article characterizes the monograph of the Oryol researchers A. B. Gularyan and A. Yu. Saran, specialists in the history of domestic special services. The publication provides a comprehensive study of the structure, main directions and regional features of the activities of the GPU-OGPU bodies in the Omsk Irtysh region and the Oryol Pooch region in 1922–1934. The article analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the monograph. It is emphasized that it contributes to the study of the political, social and everyday history of the early Soviet society. As a merit of the authors, an innovative approach to the study and comparison of the activities of the regional structures of the Soviet special services in different regions that are significantly distant from each other is noted. It is concluded that Russian historians should support and continue such an undertaking, expanding its scope geographically and chronologically. This, in general, will allow us to look at the history of state security agencies from a new angle and significantly complement scientific knowledge about their past.
这篇文章描述了奥廖尔研究人员A. B. Gularyan和A. Yu的专著。萨兰,国内特务史上的专家。该出版物全面研究了1922-1934年鄂木斯克额尔齐斯河地区和奥廖尔普奇地区GPU-OGPU机构活动的结构、主要方向和区域特征。文章分析了该专著的优势和不足。强调它有助于研究早期苏联社会的政治、社会和日常历史。作者的一个优点是,指出了一种创新的方法来研究和比较苏联特别服务的区域结构在彼此相距很远的不同区域的活动。结论是,俄罗斯历史学家应该支持并继续这项事业,从地理和时间上扩大其范围。总的来说,这将使我们能够从一个新的角度看待国家安全机构的历史,并大大补充有关它们过去的科学知识。
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引用次数: 0
«Where once the Russian flag is raised, there it should not go down» “只要俄罗斯国旗在哪里升起,就不应该在哪里降下。
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2023-8-2-74-87
N. Shabelnikova
Natalya Alekseevna Shabelnikova, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Police Colonel, Honored Worker of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. She is the author of scientific research on the history of law enforcement agencies in a wide problem-thematic and chronological range. This interview was agreed in October 2022 during the scientific official journey N. A. Shabelnikova in Omsk to participate in the work of the II All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference «Activities of domestic special services in the era of social cataclysms». The interview was given remotely, and then edited by Natalya Alekseevna from Vladivostok in January 2023. The conversation was devoted to the prospects for studying the history of Russian special services in Russia, modern estimates of the historiography of the Civil War in the Far East and the policy of preserving historical memory in Russia.
娜塔莉亚·阿列克谢耶夫娜·沙别尼科娃,历史学博士,教授,警察上校,俄罗斯联邦内务荣誉工作者。她在广泛的问题主题和时间范围内对执法机构的历史进行了科学研究。这次采访是在2022年10月在鄂木斯克进行的科学官方旅行中商定的,目的是参加第二届全俄科学和实践会议“社会灾难时代的国内特殊服务活动”。采访是远程进行的,然后在2023年1月由符拉迪沃斯托克的Natalya Alekseevna编辑。谈话内容包括俄罗斯特勤局在俄罗斯的历史研究前景、远东内战史学的现代评估以及在俄罗斯保存历史记忆的政策。
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引用次数: 0
Imperial Russian Military Historical Society: to historiography of the problem 俄罗斯帝国军事历史学会:对史学的问题
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-4-39-45
A. S. Shestopalova
The article is one of the first attempts to generalize the accumulated experience in the research literature on the history of the Imperial Russian Military Historical Society. The author analyzed the key works of pre-revolutionary, Soviet, postSoviet historiography. The presented historiographic review is built according to the chronological principle. The author comes to the conclusion that the first attempts to comprehend the activities of the Imperial Russian Military Historical Society were carried out even before the revolution of 1917, but only from the 1940s. laid the foundation for studying its history. It is concluded that the interest of modern researchers is fragmentary and is more focused on studying the activities of local departments and the organizational structure of society. A promising direction for further research is the study of the history of this association of military historians in the context of the interdisciplinary paradigm «Memory studies», which allows us to consider the Imperial Russian Military Historical Society as one of the most important actors influencing the formation of historical memory at the beginning of the 20th century.
本文是对俄罗斯帝国军事历史学会历史研究文献中积累的经验进行总结的首次尝试之一。作者分析了革命前、苏联、后苏联史学的主要著作。所提出的史学回顾是根据时间顺序原则建立的。作者得出的结论是,了解俄罗斯帝国军事历史学会的活动的第一次尝试甚至在1917年革命之前就开始了,但只是从20世纪40年代开始。为研究其历史奠定了基础。现代研究者的兴趣是碎片化的,更多地集中于研究地方部门的活动和社会的组织结构。进一步研究的一个有希望的方向是在跨学科范式“记忆研究”的背景下研究这个军事历史学家协会的历史,这使我们能够将俄罗斯帝国军事历史学会视为影响20世纪初历史记忆形成的最重要的参与者之一。
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引用次数: 0
On the problem of adjusting calculations of punitive policy of the Soviet state on labor front during the Great Patriotic War 卫国战争时期苏联劳动战线惩罚政策的调整计算问题
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-1-9-15
Yu.G. Belonogov
The article is devoted to the identification of groups of factors that artificially overstated or, on the contrary, underestimated the results of the punitive policy of the state to strengthen labor discipline during the Great Patriotic War in the industrial sector of the Soviet economy. The study is carried out on the basis of an analysis of both the changed legislative framework in the studied area and the office documentation of the Committees of the Communist Party in the Molotov region. Studying the real practice of applying laws in certain large enterprises of the Molotov region, the author concludes that there is a discrepancy between the number of actual labor crimes and the number of workers convicted of them.
本文致力于找出人为夸大或相反低估卫国战争期间国家惩罚性政策在苏联经济工业部门加强劳动纪律的结果的几组因素。这项研究是根据对所研究地区已改变的立法框架和莫洛托夫地区共产党委员会办公室文件的分析进行的。作者研究了莫洛托夫地区某些大型企业实际适用法律的做法,得出结论认为,实际劳动犯罪的数量与被判有罪的工人数量之间存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
Features of nutrition of women and children in Ishim district of Omsk region during the Great Patriotic War 卫国战争期间鄂木斯克州伊希姆地区妇女和儿童的营养特征
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-4-65-73
A. Frolova
The article reveals the features of catering in the Ishim district of the Omsk region during the Great Patriotic War. The author considers the issue of supplying the inhabitants of the home front with food products, as well as models of women’s way out of the situation of the food crisis. The source base on this topic includes the materials of the Ishim archive, as well as materials of oral history in the form of memoirs of contemporaries. Among the office documentation stored in the Ishim archive, reports and minutes of meetings of the City Council of People’s Deputies, which reflect the official level of perception of everyday problems, are of particular interest. Sources of personal origin provide an opportunity to more deeply understand events at the individual level. The periodical press presented by the local newspaper «Hammer and Sickle» helps to reconstruct the picture of everyday life of the Ishim people during the Great Patriotic War. Despite the subjectivity of the sources, based on the memories of the participants in the events, one can draw up a single picture of everyday life, identify the features of this period. The author uses a historical-everyday approach, a historical-anthropological approach. As part of the study, methods of oral history are used. The author comes to the conclusion that the everyday life of citizens during the Great Patriotic War has been insufficiently studied. The article focuses on catering in the city of Ishim, and also shows the models of the population’s way out of the food crisis situation. In addition, the article reveals the issue of the influence of the natural-geographical factor on the daily life of the population of the Ishim region.
本文揭示了卫国战争时期鄂木斯克州伊希姆地区餐饮的特点。作者考虑了向后方居民提供食品的问题,以及妇女摆脱粮食危机的模式。本课题的资料来源包括伊希姆档案资料,以及同时代人回忆录形式的口述历史资料。在保存在Ishim档案中的办公室文件中,人民代表市议会的报告和会议记录特别令人感兴趣,它们反映了官方对日常问题的看法。个人出身的来源提供了一个在个人层面上更深入地理解事件的机会。当地报纸“锤子和镰刀”提供的期刊新闻有助于重建卫国战争期间伊希姆人的日常生活。尽管来源具有主观性,但基于事件参与者的记忆,人们可以描绘出日常生活的单一画面,识别出这一时期的特征。作者采用了一种历史-日常的方法,一种历史-人类学的方法。作为研究的一部分,口述历史的方法被使用。作者的结论是,卫国战争时期公民的日常生活研究不足。本文以伊希姆市的餐饮为重点,展示了人们走出粮食危机局面的模式。此外,文章还揭示了自然地理因素对伊希姆地区人口日常生活的影响问题。
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引用次数: 0
«On seven dashing blowing winds...» (About book by D. I. Petin «The History of the Omsk clan of Batyushkin») “在七次猛烈的狂风中……(关于D. I. Petin的书《巴图什金鄂木斯克族的历史》)
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-1-69-73
A. Shtyrbul
The paper analyzes the monograph «The History of the Omsk clan of Batyushkin» prepared by the Omsk historian-archivist and public figure, candidate of historical sciences, associate professor D. I. Petin. The author analyzes the peculiarities of the author’s approach to coverage on the example of a single Omsk family and the mansion of political and social history that belonged to it in more than a century of the functioning of the Russian statehood. The scientific, methodological novelty of the monograph is noted; as critical passages, certain aspects are highlighted, with which the author of the review does not fully agree. In the final, a conclusion is made about the high significance of the analyzed book novelty.
本文分析了由鄂木斯克历史档案学家和公众人物、历史学候选人、副教授D. I. Petin编写的专著《巴图什金鄂木斯克氏族史》。作者以一个单独的鄂木斯克家庭为例,分析了作者报道方法的独特性,以及在俄罗斯国家运作的一个多世纪中属于该家庭的政治和社会历史大厦。该专著的科学和方法论的新颖性被注意到;作为关键段落,某些方面被强调,而评论的作者并不完全同意。最后,对所分析的图书新颖性的重要性进行了总结。
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引用次数: 0
«The Admiral is becoming a dangerous ward for us» French General M. Janen’s assessment of situation on the White Eastern Front in December 1918 1918年12月,法国将军雅宁对东线白线局势的评价:“海军上将对我们来说是一个危险的守卫。
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-2-10-17
R. Gagkuev
The publication tells about the beginning of the activities in Siberia of the French General M. Janin, who arrived in the Far East in November 1918 as a representative of the Entente command and the future commander-in-chief of all the troops of the anti-Bolshevik Eastern Front. The situation in which the head of the French military mission in Siberia found himself in November-December 1918, his vision of the conflict between the Supreme Ruler Admiral A. V. Kolchak and Ataman G. M. Semenov, the role of the Czechoslovak Corps in the events of 1918, positions Japanese Expeditionary Force. The most important part of the work is Janin’s first published report to the French Minister of War. It describes in detail the conflict between A. V. Kolchak and G. M. Semenov, gives an assessment of Kolchak himself. The publication is addressed to researchers of the military-political sphere and international relations during the Civil War in Russia.
该出版物讲述了法国将军M. Janin在西伯利亚活动的开始,他于1918年11月抵达远东,作为协约国指挥部的代表和未来反布尔什维克东线所有部队的总司令。1918年11月至12月,法国驻西伯利亚军事使团团长所处的形势,他对最高统治者a·v·科尔恰克海军上将(Admiral A. V. Kolchak)和阿塔曼·g·m·谢门诺夫(Ataman G. M. Semenov)之间冲突的看法,捷克斯洛伐克军团在1918年事件中的作用,都为日本远征军定位。作品中最重要的部分是雅宁向法国战争部长发表的第一份报告。它详细描述了A. V.高尔察克和G. M.谢苗诺夫之间的冲突,并对高尔察克本人进行了评价。该出版物面向研究俄罗斯内战期间军事政治领域和国际关系的研究人员。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Omskii nauchnyi vestnik Seriia Obshchestvo Istoriia Sovremennost''
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