Pub Date : 2013-12-12DOI: 10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679658
Yongjia Li, Duan Zhao, W. Serdijn
We propose a low-power asynchronous level-crossing analog-to-digital converter (LC-ADC) for use in a biomedical readout system. A comparator with programmable offset and a low-power single-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) are proposed to separate the comparison windows and fix the common-mode voltage of the comparator. Implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology, the proposed LC-ADC uses a chip area of 220×230 μm2. Operating from a supply voltage of 0.8 V, the ADC input range can exceed the power supply voltage. It consumes 0.32 - 0.84 μW from 5 Hz to 5.1 kHz with an ENOB of 7.8.
{"title":"A 0.8V 8-bit low-power asynchronous level-crossing ADC with programmable comparison windows","authors":"Yongjia Li, Duan Zhao, W. Serdijn","doi":"10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679658","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a low-power asynchronous level-crossing analog-to-digital converter (LC-ADC) for use in a biomedical readout system. A comparator with programmable offset and a low-power single-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) are proposed to separate the comparison windows and fix the common-mode voltage of the comparator. Implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology, the proposed LC-ADC uses a chip area of 220×230 μm2. Operating from a supply voltage of 0.8 V, the ADC input range can exceed the power supply voltage. It consumes 0.32 - 0.84 μW from 5 Hz to 5.1 kHz with an ENOB of 7.8.","PeriodicalId":344317,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115772358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-12DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2013.6679647
M. V. Dongen, W. Serdijn
This paper proposes a fully implantable high-frequency switched-mode neural stimulator. The main circuit consists of 2N transistors for an N-electrode system in which all channels can be stimulated concurrently and independently. System simulations show that power efficiencies of 80% or higher are feasible over the full output range. The system is powered from a single-ended battery voltage and does not need external components. It uses the dynamic properties of neurons to filter the high-frequency signal such that the resulting stimulation becomes equivalent to that of traditional stimulation. The system has a voltage-mode output and therefore safety aspects such as charge cancellation are carefully considered. Also the influence of high-frequency mode operation is considered as far as available models allow. Using system-level simulations the functionality of the system is illustrated from circuit level down to axon level. Furthermore a discrete-component prototype is constructed to verify that the stimulation protocol is able to successfully induce activation in the tissue.
{"title":"A transistor-only power-efficient high-frequency voltage-mode stimulator for a multichannel system","authors":"M. V. Dongen, W. Serdijn","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2013.6679647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2013.6679647","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a fully implantable high-frequency switched-mode neural stimulator. The main circuit consists of 2N transistors for an N-electrode system in which all channels can be stimulated concurrently and independently. System simulations show that power efficiencies of 80% or higher are feasible over the full output range. The system is powered from a single-ended battery voltage and does not need external components. It uses the dynamic properties of neurons to filter the high-frequency signal such that the resulting stimulation becomes equivalent to that of traditional stimulation. The system has a voltage-mode output and therefore safety aspects such as charge cancellation are carefully considered. Also the influence of high-frequency mode operation is considered as far as available models allow. Using system-level simulations the functionality of the system is illustrated from circuit level down to axon level. Furthermore a discrete-component prototype is constructed to verify that the stimulation protocol is able to successfully induce activation in the tissue.","PeriodicalId":344317,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128420847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-12DOI: 10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679687
H. Sheng, M. Schwarz, J. Börcsök
In recent years, Pulse Transit Time (PTT) - based non-invasive continuous blood pressure monitoring systems have been investigated extensively. But the most relevant studies did not pay attention to the safety requirement of the system. In this paper a method is proposed to model the safety-related system for continuous noninvasive blood pressure monitoring. The V model, 1oo2 system and safe Bluetooth communication are used to enhance the safety of the system.
{"title":"Modeling a safety-related system for continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring","authors":"H. Sheng, M. Schwarz, J. Börcsök","doi":"10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679687","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Pulse Transit Time (PTT) - based non-invasive continuous blood pressure monitoring systems have been investigated extensively. But the most relevant studies did not pay attention to the safety requirement of the system. In this paper a method is proposed to model the safety-related system for continuous noninvasive blood pressure monitoring. The V model, 1oo2 system and safe Bluetooth communication are used to enhance the safety of the system.","PeriodicalId":344317,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132232409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-12DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2013.6679711
N. Soltani, M. Aliroteh, R. Genov
This paper presents a cellular inductive powering system for neural interface devices to facilitate chronic physiological studies. The system delivers 21-225 mW of power to a 4cm×4cm planar receiver with 21.5% efficiency. It is shown that the implemented multi-coil power transmission technique creates 5 times less non-ionizing radiation at 10cm distance than a single-coil design, for equal amounts of delivered power. The design also implements a low-cost technique which tracks the location of the animal using an impedance measurement circuit which is also used to tune the individual coils.
{"title":"Cellular inductive powering system for weakly-linked resonant rodent implants","authors":"N. Soltani, M. Aliroteh, R. Genov","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2013.6679711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2013.6679711","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a cellular inductive powering system for neural interface devices to facilitate chronic physiological studies. The system delivers 21-225 mW of power to a 4cm×4cm planar receiver with 21.5% efficiency. It is shown that the implemented multi-coil power transmission technique creates 5 times less non-ionizing radiation at 10cm distance than a single-coil design, for equal amounts of delivered power. The design also implements a low-cost technique which tracks the location of the animal using an impedance measurement circuit which is also used to tune the individual coils.","PeriodicalId":344317,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134535759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-12DOI: 10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679719
Shoko Nakatsuka, Takashi Hamabe, Y. Takeuchi, M. Imai
This paper proposes an efficient lossless data compression method, based on exponential-Golomb coding, that takes advantage of the characteristics of biomedical information, and an instruction set and implementation of an application domain specific instruction set processor (ASIP) for biomedical information compression. Simulation results, using intravesical pressure and rectum pressure data as benchmarks, show that the data compression ratio of the proposed method is about 77%, and execution cycles and energy consumption are reduced about 28% and 27%, respectively, compared to those by a conventional RISC processor.
{"title":"An efficient lossless data compression method based on exponential-Golomb coding for biomedical information and its implementation using ASIP technology","authors":"Shoko Nakatsuka, Takashi Hamabe, Y. Takeuchi, M. Imai","doi":"10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679719","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an efficient lossless data compression method, based on exponential-Golomb coding, that takes advantage of the characteristics of biomedical information, and an instruction set and implementation of an application domain specific instruction set processor (ASIP) for biomedical information compression. Simulation results, using intravesical pressure and rectum pressure data as benchmarks, show that the data compression ratio of the proposed method is about 77%, and execution cycles and energy consumption are reduced about 28% and 27%, respectively, compared to those by a conventional RISC processor.","PeriodicalId":344317,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115546650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-12DOI: 10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679638
Michael Harris, Evan Salazar, R. Güth, V. Nawathe, M. Sharifi, Wei Tang, S. Misra
This paper describes a customizable/extensible wireless sensor framework for long term monitoring and visualization of the electric organ discharges (EOD) of a weakly electric fish (Sternopygus macrurus). The system developed can be used to simultaneously visualize, in near-real time, the EOD signal of multiple fish residing in separate tanks. Furthermore, the sensing mechanisms used to detect EOD are non-invasive, minimizing side effects on the fishs' natural behavior. Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components are used extensively in this framework to lower cost of the system and its future enhancements. COTS components can be easily customized to support different sensors or communication methods. Experimental results involving four fish show accurate measurement of the electric field waveforms and indicate the presence of circadian rhythms in the EOD of the fish.
{"title":"Wireless sensing framework for long-term measurements of electric organ discharge","authors":"Michael Harris, Evan Salazar, R. Güth, V. Nawathe, M. Sharifi, Wei Tang, S. Misra","doi":"10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679638","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a customizable/extensible wireless sensor framework for long term monitoring and visualization of the electric organ discharges (EOD) of a weakly electric fish (Sternopygus macrurus). The system developed can be used to simultaneously visualize, in near-real time, the EOD signal of multiple fish residing in separate tanks. Furthermore, the sensing mechanisms used to detect EOD are non-invasive, minimizing side effects on the fishs' natural behavior. Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components are used extensively in this framework to lower cost of the system and its future enhancements. COTS components can be easily customized to support different sensors or communication methods. Experimental results involving four fish show accurate measurement of the electric field waveforms and indicate the presence of circadian rhythms in the EOD of the fish.","PeriodicalId":344317,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"291 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116111946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-12DOI: 10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679634
M. Sohbati, P. Georgiou, C. Toumazou
This paper presents a novel readout circuit for ionic concentration change measurement overcoming the non-linear effects of the Ion-sensitive Field-effect Transistor. The readout periodically resets the ISFET biasing and integrates its signal change around a certain operating point utilising a switched current integrator. This enables a linear approximation of the signal change over time which suppresses non-linear effects such as the sensing membrane buffer capacity change, and transistor slope factor variation in weak inversion. We show how the exponential relation of the current with pH change in weak inversion may be linearised, which allows further current mode processing and proton counting for DNA sequencing applications.
{"title":"A piecewise linear approximating ISFET readout","authors":"M. Sohbati, P. Georgiou, C. Toumazou","doi":"10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679634","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel readout circuit for ionic concentration change measurement overcoming the non-linear effects of the Ion-sensitive Field-effect Transistor. The readout periodically resets the ISFET biasing and integrates its signal change around a certain operating point utilising a switched current integrator. This enables a linear approximation of the signal change over time which suppresses non-linear effects such as the sensing membrane buffer capacity change, and transistor slope factor variation in weak inversion. We show how the exponential relation of the current with pH change in weak inversion may be linearised, which allows further current mode processing and proton counting for DNA sequencing applications.","PeriodicalId":344317,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124693841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-12DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2013.6679688
A. Bertrand, V. Mihajlović, B. Grundlehner, C. Hoof, M. Moonen
Dry-contact electrodes have paved the way for easy-to-use electroencephalography (EEG) systems with minimal setup time, which are of particular interest in ambulatory as well as real-life environments. However, the presence of motion artifacts forms a major obstacle for such systems. In previous studies, it has been shown that continuous electrode-tissue impedance monitoring can be used to handle motion artifacts. In this paper, we demonstrate that the in-phase and quadrature components of the contact impedance provide complementary information that can be used to improve the prediction of motion artifacts. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the prediction of motion artifacts at one electrode can be further improved by also incorporating the impedance measurements at other electrodes. With this, we propose a motion artifact reduction algorithm based on a multi-channel linear prediction (MLP) filter. Although the MLP filter is not able to completely remove motion artifacts, a substantial reduction can indeed be achieved.
{"title":"Motion artifact reduction in EEG recordings using multi-channel contact impedance measurements","authors":"A. Bertrand, V. Mihajlović, B. Grundlehner, C. Hoof, M. Moonen","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2013.6679688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2013.6679688","url":null,"abstract":"Dry-contact electrodes have paved the way for easy-to-use electroencephalography (EEG) systems with minimal setup time, which are of particular interest in ambulatory as well as real-life environments. However, the presence of motion artifacts forms a major obstacle for such systems. In previous studies, it has been shown that continuous electrode-tissue impedance monitoring can be used to handle motion artifacts. In this paper, we demonstrate that the in-phase and quadrature components of the contact impedance provide complementary information that can be used to improve the prediction of motion artifacts. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the prediction of motion artifacts at one electrode can be further improved by also incorporating the impedance measurements at other electrodes. With this, we propose a motion artifact reduction algorithm based on a multi-channel linear prediction (MLP) filter. Although the MLP filter is not able to completely remove motion artifacts, a substantial reduction can indeed be achieved.","PeriodicalId":344317,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124998333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-12DOI: 10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679680
Ahmad Khairi, Chenyang Wu, Y. Rabin, G. Fedder, J. Paramesh, D. Schwartzman
An ultra-low power frequency and duty-cycle modulated pressure-temperature sensor for use in a novel congestive heart failure monitoring system is presented. The temperature reading is used to improve the accuracy of the pressure sensor. The sensor features a temperature accuracy of less than 0.06°C over the range 20-50°C, a 0.9fF capacitive accuracy after 3-point calibration, equivalent to 2.85 mmHg pressure accuracy and consumes 2.5μW. It frequency modulates pressure, and provides redundant measurements of temperature using independent frequency and duty-cycle modulation. It uses a proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) core to generate bias currents and voltages required for the modulation and bias references for the circuit. A micromachined capacitive sensor is integrated to obtain the pressure reading as a capacitance value. By combining frequency and duty-cycle data obtained from the sensor, both pressure and temperature can be reconstructed.
{"title":"Ultra-low power frequency and duty-cycle modulated implantable pressure-temperature sensor","authors":"Ahmad Khairi, Chenyang Wu, Y. Rabin, G. Fedder, J. Paramesh, D. Schwartzman","doi":"10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679680","url":null,"abstract":"An ultra-low power frequency and duty-cycle modulated pressure-temperature sensor for use in a novel congestive heart failure monitoring system is presented. The temperature reading is used to improve the accuracy of the pressure sensor. The sensor features a temperature accuracy of less than 0.06°C over the range 20-50°C, a 0.9fF capacitive accuracy after 3-point calibration, equivalent to 2.85 mmHg pressure accuracy and consumes 2.5μW. It frequency modulates pressure, and provides redundant measurements of temperature using independent frequency and duty-cycle modulation. It uses a proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) core to generate bias currents and voltages required for the modulation and bias references for the circuit. A micromachined capacitive sensor is integrated to obtain the pressure reading as a capacitance value. By combining frequency and duty-cycle data obtained from the sensor, both pressure and temperature can be reconstructed.","PeriodicalId":344317,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127470697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-12DOI: 10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679648
Lieuwe B. Leene, Yan Liu, T. Constandinou
This paper presents a 44-channel front-end neural interface for recording both Extracellular Action Potentials (EAPs) and Local Field Potentials (LFPs) with 60 dB dynamic range. With a silicon footprint of only 0.015 mm2 per recording channel this allows an unprecedented order of magnitude area reduction over state-of-the-art implementations in 0.18 μm CMOS. This highly compact configuration is achievable by introducing an in-channel Sigma Delta assisted Successive Approximation Register (ΣΔ-SAR) hybrid data converter integrated into the analogue front-end. A pipelined low complexity FIR filter is distributed across 44-channels to resolve a 10-bit PCM output. The proposed system achieves an input referred noise of 6.41 μVrms with a 6 kHz bandwidth and sampled at 12.5 kS/s, with a power consumption of 2.6 μW per channel.
{"title":"A compact recording array for neural interfaces","authors":"Lieuwe B. Leene, Yan Liu, T. Constandinou","doi":"10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BioCAS.2013.6679648","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a 44-channel front-end neural interface for recording both Extracellular Action Potentials (EAPs) and Local Field Potentials (LFPs) with 60 dB dynamic range. With a silicon footprint of only 0.015 mm2 per recording channel this allows an unprecedented order of magnitude area reduction over state-of-the-art implementations in 0.18 μm CMOS. This highly compact configuration is achievable by introducing an in-channel Sigma Delta assisted Successive Approximation Register (ΣΔ-SAR) hybrid data converter integrated into the analogue front-end. A pipelined low complexity FIR filter is distributed across 44-channels to resolve a 10-bit PCM output. The proposed system achieves an input referred noise of 6.41 μVrms with a 6 kHz bandwidth and sampled at 12.5 kS/s, with a power consumption of 2.6 μW per channel.","PeriodicalId":344317,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125871977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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