Resources Environment and Sustainability最新文献

{"title":"Seasonal climate drives soil salinity dynamics through vegetation and water regulation","authors":"Danyang Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaying Zheng ,&nbsp;Yayi Tan ,&nbsp;Zeqi Wei ,&nbsp;Jingda Xin ,&nbsp;Yihan Lu ,&nbsp;Weijie Huang ,&nbsp;Yunqi Wang ,&nbsp;Huan Zhang ,&nbsp;Changbo Zhong ,&nbsp;Haiyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Jianjun Pan ,&nbsp;Zhaofu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization threatens global agriculture and ecosystems, posing a critical challenge for sustainable development. Understanding how seasonal variations and environmental factors influence salinity dynamics is essential. However, current research relies heavily on single-time-point remote sensing, which offers limited temporal insights and fails to uncover the mechanisms driving seasonal changes. This study proposed the dynamic time warping-based model transfer-structural equation model (DBS) framework, which integrates dynamic time warping (DTW), base model transfer, and structural equation modeling (SEM), to explore the regulatory mechanisms of environmental factors on soil salinity dynamics. The framework includes building a stacking-electrical conductivity (EC) base model, aligning multi-month data with DTW, and analyzing environmental factors through SEM. Key predictors identified were normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), air temperature (AT), and precipitation. NDVI reduced salt accumulation by lowering evaporation and stabilizing soil moisture, while NDWI reflected precipitation-driven dilution and leaching. Temperature influenced salinity indirectly by regulating NDVI and NDWI. SEM confirmed NDVI and NDWI had direct effects on EC, while AT and precipitation acted indirectly. Model validation showed high accuracy and adaptability, with R-squared (R²), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), and Kling–Gupta Efficiency (KGE) values of 0.93, 0.94, and 0.89 for training and 0.86, 0.85, and 0.79 for validation, respectively. After DTW optimization, R² improved by 0.12–0.22, NSE by 0.07–0.18, and KGE by 0.02–0.12, demonstrating significant performance gains. The framework demonstrated strong migration capability across different soil types and vegetation covers, achieving R² of 0.73–0.96, The root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1–20, and residual prediction deviation (RPD) of 1.22–1.95. This study highlights the dominant role of climate-ecological interactions in salinity regulation and offers a robust, transferable method for multi-temporal salinity prediction. The findings provide critical insights for precision soil salinity management, sustainable agriculture, and climate resilience strategies, particularly in regions vulnerable to salinization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100266"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-analysis of feeding strategies for dairy cattle performance and greenhouse gas mitigation across the world","authors":"Aurele Gnetegha Ayemele ,&nbsp;Josy Karel Ngueuyim Nono ,&nbsp;Herbert Gnetegha Fotsidie ,&nbsp;Mbezele Junior Yannick Ngaba ,&nbsp;Mekonnen Tilahun ,&nbsp;Lu Ma ,&nbsp;Dengpan Bu ,&nbsp;Jianchu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies on the effects of cattle feeding strategies on greenhouse gas emissions are fragmented and cannot provide a global comparison of the feeding management practices that lead to optimal production while substantially reducing methane (CH₄) and ammonia (NH₃) emissions. The present study explains variability in enteric CH₄, NH₃ mitigations and cattle milk performance due to several diet composition and structure, feed management, breeding, animal experimental designs and CH₄ measurement tools. Effects from 80 treatments were meta-analyzed from an initial 4394 screened papers and we retained 31 articles distributed across 15 countries on four continents. Minerals in feed additive types increased milk yield the most (90 ​%) and, concomitantly, reduced CH₄ production by 33 ​%. Feed additive dosage ranging between 1 and 4 ​% also contributed to increasing milk yield by 47 ​% while reducing CH₄ by 58 ​%. Meanwhile the impact of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) feed additive on health safety is still controversial. Although a partial mixed ration system highly contributed to milk yield (102 ​%), it did not contribute to CH₄ reduction as much as a total mixed ration system (39 ​%). The highest CH₄ reduction levels were recorded with GreenFeed (80 ​%) and a rotating experimental design (37 ​%). The Holstein cattle breed was more productive with an increase of 46 ​% of milk production while reducing CH₄ by 34 ​%. Grass forage increased NH₃ by 5 ​% while crop forage reduced it by 21 ​%. Agriculture can effectively reduce its emissions and contribute to climate-neutral goals as part of a coordinated, global effort involving multiple sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100271"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen recovery from digestate via stripping–scrubbing using citric acid: Potential effects of recirculation and postdigestion on additional biogas recovery, and assessment of the fertilizer potential of end-products","authors":"Thaís Guedes Silveira ,&nbsp;Rahim Molaey ,&nbsp;Çağrı Akyol ,&nbsp;Nick Sweygers ,&nbsp;Nimisha Edayilam ,&nbsp;Sofie Houtmeyers ,&nbsp;Erik Meers ,&nbsp;Lise Appels","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated nitrogen (N) recovery from digestate via the N-stripping–scrubbing process and the effects of digestate recirculation and postdigestion on biogas yield during digestate posttreatment. Citric acid was tested as an alternative scrubbing agent to conventional sulfuric acid, forming ammonium citrate (AC) instead of ammonium sulfate (AS). In a cascade approach, the N release dynamics of the resulting by-products and end-products (scrubbing waters (AC, AS) and manure digestate-derived products) in amended soils were assessed via soil incubation tests to obtain a reliable estimation of the N value of these potential biobased fertilizers in comparison to that of commercial synthetic fertilizer (calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN)). The recirculation of the digestate resulted in a limited effect on additional biogas yield; however, up to a 47.2% increase in biogas yield was achieved during postdigestion at a stripping temperature of 70 °C, where 86% of the ammonia was removed from the digestate at pH 9.5. The use of citric acid as a scrubbing agent resulted in 80.6% ammonia recovery, which was slightly lower than when sulfuric acid was used (87.5%). Soil incubation tests showed N-net release values in the following order: AS (91%) &gt; CAN (85%) &gt; the liquid fraction (LF) of raw digestate (RD) (73%) &gt; AC (70%) &gt; RD (64%) &gt; LF of N-stripped digestate (SD) (23%) &gt; SD (12%). These results indicate the high N-fertilizing potential of AS, RD and its LF, and AC, highlighting the benefit of using citric acid as a novel and more sustainable scrubbing agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100258"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sustainable strategy for upcycling spent NCM into Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 cathode material for advanced lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Jing Sun,&nbsp;Wenxin Chen,&nbsp;Shuo Lu,&nbsp;Zhanlong Song,&nbsp;Wenlong Wang,&nbsp;Xiqiang Zhao,&nbsp;Yanpeng Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recycling paradigm for spent lithium-ion batteries is undergoing fundamental transformation, as traditional recycling approaches that prioritize the extraction of valuable metals increasingly confront process complexity and marginal economic viability. Herein, we propose a sustainable upcycling strategy that directly converts spent LiNi<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>Co<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>Mn<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>y</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>O₂ (SNCM) into high-performance lithium-rich manganese-based cathode material (i.e., Li<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>Ni<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>13</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>Co<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>13</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>Mn<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>54</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O₂, LNCM) through an innovative integrated approach. Crucially, microwave-assisted acetic acid leaching facilitates the effective and eco-friendly conversion of SNCM into soluble Ni/Co/Mn acetate, which can be then directly co-precipitated with oxalic acid to produce an oxalate precursor, simultaneously generating acetic acid that can be reused in the microwave-assisted leaching process, enabling a closed-loop for the leaching reagent. The pH of the leach solution emerges as a critical parameter, significantly influencing the co-precipitation process as well as the structural and morphological properties of the precursor. Through systematic optimization of precursor via pH adjustment and a two-stage calcination with a 5% excess of Li₂CO₃, the regenerated LNCM-7.5 (pH <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> 7.5) exhibits a well-ordered layered structure (<em>c</em>/<em>a</em> <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> 5.0016) with minimal cation mixing (I₀₀₃/I₁₀₄\u0000 <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> 1.46), uniform particle morphology, enhanced Li<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> diffusion and thereby exceptional cycling stability-delivering 165.7 mAh g<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> at 1 C after 100 cycles with 89.01% capacity retention, performance parity with virgin materials synthesized from commercial acetates. This work not only demonstrates the feasibility of upcycling SNCM into high-performance LNCM cathodes, but also establishes a sustainable and economically viable solution for advancing circular economy practices in the energy storage industry, mitigating resource scarcity and pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100257"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium-rich bone biochar boosts fat, oil, and grease (FOG) biodegradability: Methane maximization and microbial community pattern","authors":"Ting Li ,&nbsp;Shah Faisal ,&nbsp;Jialing Tang ,&nbsp;Mahdy Elsayed ,&nbsp;Nousheen Iqbal ,&nbsp;Ye Pu ,&nbsp;Joachim Henjes ,&nbsp;Stephan Ende ,&nbsp;Abdelfatah Abomohra","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study evaluated calcium-rich bone biochar, derived from pig and chicken bones, for enhanced anaerobic digestion of FOG (fat, oil, grease). The study aimed to maximise energy recovery by reducing the negative impact of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and to evaluate the subsequent effect on the microbial community structure. A series of 2.0 ​% FOG batch trials was prepared, adding pig bone biochar (PB) and chicken bone biochar (CB) based on their calcium (Ca) content to maintain (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 ​% Ca concentrations). Parallelly, Ca was used at the same concentrations without biochar. Supplementation of 0.5 ​% PB, CB, and Ca individually enhanced LCFAs degradation up to 81.6 ​%, 81.0 ​%, and 84.8 ​%, respectively. Therefore, the accumulative methane yield increased by 4-, 3.9-, and 5.2-fold over the control FOG2.0 ​%. Reduction in methane production was observed at 1.0 ​% PB, CB, and Ca compared with 0.5 ​% but, interestingly, 1.0 ​% PB and CB showed higher accumulative methane yield of 135.6 ​mL ​g⁻¹ VS and 125.3 ​mL ​g⁻¹ VS, respectively, in comparison to Ca (60.7 ​mL ​g⁻¹ VS). There was enhancement in <em>Firmicutes</em> and <em>Campylobacteriotes</em>, accompanied by a simultaneous rise in <em>Methanosarcina</em> at 0.5 ​% PB (from 23.7 ​% to 78.1 ​%) and <em>Methanoculleus</em> at 0.5 ​% Ca (from 41.3 ​% to 50.0 ​%). Ca-rich PB and CB biochar significantly enhanced FOG anaerobic digestion through synergistic mechanisms, including reducing inhibition, stimulating microbes, facilitating electron transfer, and improving nutrient supply. Using animal bone residues for FOG anaerobic digestion provides both a sustainable waste management route and an efficient calcium-rich material to boost energy recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100274"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-based flame retardants derived from forest industry — An approach towards circular economy","authors":"Sritama Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Khan Mohammad Ahsan Uddin ,&nbsp;Irina Turku ,&nbsp;Anti Rohumaa ,&nbsp;Juha Lipponen","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several environmental studies on conventional flame retardants (FR) have shown them as presistent chemicals that may end up being environmental and health hazards. The advancement of eco-friendly FRs is accelerating due to the needs of improved safety and environmental sustainability. Developing bio-based FR composite materials is crucial due to their regenerable resources, low toxicity, controllable biodegradability, and versatility in application. This review examines recent advancements in utilizing forest industry products, including cellulose and nanocellulose, along with byproducts like lignin and hemicellulose. It also addresses valorized organic waste streams of pulp industries, such as tannins and biopolyols, in the creation of materials that exhibit flame retardancy in polymers and textiles. The review demonstrates functionalization methodologies, qualitative and quantitative characterization carried out on their flame retardant properties following an overview of the FR mechanisms. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the future development of bio-based FRs are briefly identified, emphasizing on the need of utilizing waste materials as chemical precursors that can alleviate prevailing ecological concerns and open a new set of possibilities in material development in a circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does the long-term return of mix-sowing green manures increase nitrogen utilization and decrease ecological costs of wheatland under reduced chemical nitrogen input?","authors":"Jingui Wei,&nbsp;Wen Yin,&nbsp;Qiang Chai,&nbsp;Zhilong Fan,&nbsp;Falong Hu,&nbsp;Lianhao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing nitrogen (N) utilization and reducing ecological costs of farmland are key objectives for mitigating environmental pollution and advancing sustainable agricultural development. Green manure is widely used to increase crop N efficiency while replacing partial chemical N input. However, it remains uncertain whether reducing chemical N supply, combined with mix-sowing green manures, could increase N utilization and reduce ecological costs of wheatland, revealing its mechanisms of soil N regulation and bacteria diversity. A 6-year field experiment was conducted in an arid irrigation area of northwestern China, implementing wheat multi-cropping different green manures and mix-sowing green manures (F, fallow; CV, common vetch; R, rapeseed; HCV, hairy vetch and common vetch) under reduced chemical N (N3, conventional N application rate; N2, reduced N by 20%; N1, reduced N by 40%). Our results showed that reducing chemical N decreased wheat yield and N efficiency, while green manure return increased wheat yield and N efficiency. Under N2, HCV had a higher wheat yield and N efficiency than CV, R, and F. Wheat N uptake and active N loss were decreased with chemical N reduction but enhanced with green manure return. HCVN2 improved wheat N uptake by 8.3% while reducing ammonia volatilization, nitrous oxide emissions, and nitrate leaching by 12.5%, 17.2%, and 22.1%, respectively, compared to FN3. The mechanisms of HCVN2 enhanced N utilization and reduced ecological costs of wheatland, mainly including increased N contents in the 0–40 cm soil layer, improved soil enzyme activities of N metabolism, and enriched soil bacterial diversity. Therefore, mix-sowing green manures return enhanced N utilization and decreased ecological costs of wheatland under a 20% reduction in chemical N input.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectory, drivers, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from urban water system in China during 1980–2030","authors":"Shiyu Pei,&nbsp;Zonghan Li,&nbsp;Yi Liu,&nbsp;Chunyan Wang,&nbsp;Hao Wu,&nbsp;Shuming Liu,&nbsp;Yujun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban water systems (UWSs) continuously evolve in response to changes in urban populations, technological advancements, and lifestyle shifts, resulting in significant changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Understanding how GHG emissions vary across the different developmental stages of a UWS is crucial for charting pathways toward carbon neutrality under varying levels of urbanization and infrastructure maturity. To explore the long-term patterns of GHG emissions from the UWS, we developed a systematic accounting framework encompassing four energy-related subsystems: water extraction, water supply, residential water use, and wastewater treatment. We applied this framework to China’s UWS across its transitional trajectory—from early development to system-wide maturity (1980–2020) at the provincial level. Results show that over the 40 years, GHG emissions from China’s UWS increased approximately 14-fold, surpassing the overall rate of population growth by 143.9%. From the early 1990s till now, residential water use emerged as the dominant source of UWS-related emissions, accounting for approximately 77.6% of total emissions. Our scenario analysis estimates a potential 34.0% reduction in China’s carbon emissions (128.3 Mt CO₂-eq) by 2030 through water-saving strategies. This study offers critical insights into promoting low-carbon operations and sustainable management of UWS, and serves as an important reference for global efforts net-zero water infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100244"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal evolution of sloping farmland and identification of its erosion risk management and control zones in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China","authors":"Lidong Pan,&nbsp;Yun Chen,&nbsp;Dongmei Shi,&nbsp;Jiayong Gao,&nbsp;Yufu Jiang,&nbsp;Fangyuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sloping farmland in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) is crucial for national food and ecological security. In this study, methods such as terrain gradient classification, kernel density estimation, and erosion risk identification model were used to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of sloping farmland in the TGRA during 1990–2020, and its erosion risk control areas were identified. The sloping farmland in the TGRA exhibited spatial distribution characteristics of more in the central and western regions, less in the eastern region, with a high degree of fragmentation. It was concentrated in areas with slopes of 8–25° and altitudes of 200–1000 m, accounting for approximately 63% and 80% of sloping farmland, respectively. In the last 30 years, the distribution of sloping farmland with slopes <span><math><mo>&gt;</mo></math></span>15° and altitudes <span><math><mo>&gt;</mo></math></span>1000 m has gradually decreased and shifted to areas of 8–15° and 400–800 m, respectively. The sloping farmland has decreased by 343.93 km², mainly converted into forest land, grassland, paddy field, and construction land. Slope and altitude were the main natural factors affecting the spatio-temporal evolution of sloping farmland, while the urbanization rate and disposable income of rural residents were the key human influence factors. Sloping farmland above the high-risk level of erosion was mainly distributed in counties such as Wuxi, Kaizhou, Wushan, Fengjie, Yunyang, and Wanzhou, concentrated in the terrain gradient area with slopes of 10–35° and altitudes of 200–1000 m, with the most distribution at 15–25° and 200–400 m. For these high erosion risk areas, prioritized regulation should be carried out for sloping farmland. These findings can optimize the use of sloping farmland resources, strengthening the prevention and control of erosion risks, and promoting the sustainable agricultural development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100255"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livestock rearing as a key component of mitigation efforts for non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions in global crop-livestock system","authors":"Li Zheng ,&nbsp;Qingwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Ji Chen ,&nbsp;Baojing Gu ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Zhan ,&nbsp;Bowei Yu ,&nbsp;Yulong Shi ,&nbsp;Hafiz Athar Hussain ,&nbsp;Xuekai Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gas (non-CO₂ GHG) emissions from global crop-livestock systems, primarily driven by enteric fermentation and manure-related emissions, pose significant challenges to climate mitigation. Identifying emission hotspots and simulating future mitigation potential are crucial for achieving agricultural carbon neutrality. Constructed a comprehensive dataset spanning 138 countries (1961–2020), integrating FAO statistics, literature-derived emission factors, and socioeconomic data, this study quantified spatiotemporal emission trends and identified decoupling patterns between emissions and economic development. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) was used to decompose drivers and six scenarios (BAU (Baseline), RSA (Rearing Structure Adjustment), LMO (Livestock Management Optimization), BMPs-30% and BMPs-50% (best management practices with a manure substitution ratio of 30% or 50%), and NMA (No Manure Application)) were developed to assess mitigation potential. Results revealed that global non-CO₂ GHG emissions from crop-livestock systems increased by 61.9% from 2696.5 to 4365.0 Mt CO₂-eq. yr⁻¹ from 1961 to 2020, with India, Brazil, China, and the United States accounting for about 40% of total emissions in 2020. Significant decoupling occurred in developed countries, such as the United States, around in 1985 at approximately $10,000 per-capita GDP. In developing countries like China, significant decoupling was evident around in 1990 at approximately $3000 per-capita GDP. Ambitious scenarios (BMPs-50%) could reduce global emissions by 3.2–6.7 Gt CO₂-eq. yr⁻¹ by 2060, with major contributions from India (671.3 Mt CO₂-eq. yr⁻¹), Brazil (494.2 Mt CO₂-eq. yr⁻¹), China (486.1 Mt CO₂-eq. yr⁻¹), and the USA (238.8 Mt CO₂-eq. yr⁻¹). The findings confirmed the decoupling of non-CO₂GHG emissions within crop-livestock systems from economic growth in developed countries but highlight persistent challenges in developing regions. Strategic shifts toward monogastric livestock, manure recycling, and dietary transitions emerge as critical pathways for aligning food security with carbon neutrality goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100248"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}