Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556277
C. Droit, J. Friedt, G. Martin, S. Ballandras
Within the context of probing acoustic wave resonators acting as wireless, passive sensors, we present a strategy for wireless monitoring of surface acooustic wave (SAW) resonators using a frequency modulation based interrogation method. The basic principle is the conversion of frequency modulation to amplitude modulation by the resonator through its S11 transfer function. An ARM-7 based central processing unit synchronizes the narrow-band probing pulse emission, emission to reception switching, data sampling and data processing. A closed loop control keeps the emitted carrier frequency at the resonance frequency of the sensor: we demonstrate a resolution of 2 Hz on the resonance freqeuncy identification at 1 s integration time, limited by this proportional feedback loop.
{"title":"Remote control of SAW resonators using a frequency-modulation-based interrogation strategy","authors":"C. Droit, J. Friedt, G. Martin, S. Ballandras","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556277","url":null,"abstract":"Within the context of probing acoustic wave resonators acting as wireless, passive sensors, we present a strategy for wireless monitoring of surface acooustic wave (SAW) resonators using a frequency modulation based interrogation method. The basic principle is the conversion of frequency modulation to amplitude modulation by the resonator through its S11 transfer function. An ARM-7 based central processing unit synchronizes the narrow-band probing pulse emission, emission to reception switching, data sampling and data processing. A closed loop control keeps the emitted carrier frequency at the resonance frequency of the sensor: we demonstrate a resolution of 2 Hz on the resonance freqeuncy identification at 1 s integration time, limited by this proportional feedback loop.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115521551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556246
S. Grop, P. Bourgeois, N. Bazin, E. Rubiola, C. Langham, M. Oxborrow, W. Schafer, J. De Vicente, Y. Kersalé, V. Giordano
This paper reports on a 10 GHz ultra-stable Cryocooled Sapphire Oscillator (CSO) developed for the European Space Agency. This CSO presents a frequency stability better than 3 × 10−15 between 1 s and 1,000 s and a phase noise lower than −100 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz.
{"title":"High stability Cryocooled 10 GHz oscillator for the European Space Agency","authors":"S. Grop, P. Bourgeois, N. Bazin, E. Rubiola, C. Langham, M. Oxborrow, W. Schafer, J. De Vicente, Y. Kersalé, V. Giordano","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556246","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on a 10 GHz ultra-stable Cryocooled Sapphire Oscillator (CSO) developed for the European Space Agency. This CSO presents a frequency stability better than 3 × 10<sup>−15</sup> between 1 s and 1,000 s and a phase noise lower than −100 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117004271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556334
T. Matsushima, N. Yamauchi, T. Shirai, T. Yoshihara, Y. Hayasaki, T. Ueda, I. Kanno, K. Wasa, H. Kotera
The 4 GHz film resontors have been fabricated by sputtered Pb(Mn,Nb)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PMnN-PZT) thin films. The PMnN-PZT thin films were deposited on (100)MgO substrates. The thin films showed tetragonal crystal structure and highly (001) orientation. The film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR) composed by PMnN-PZT thin films were fabricated by MEMS technology. RF properties of the resonator were evaluated by VNA (Vector Network Analyzer). The electro-mechanical coupling constant kt and Q-value for PMnN-PZT thin films were 0.7 and 157, at 4.17GHz, respectively. These values obtained by sputtered thin films are highest comparing with those of previously reported PZT-BAW resonators.
{"title":"High performance 4 GHz FBAR prepared by Pb(Mn,Nb)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 sputtered thin films","authors":"T. Matsushima, N. Yamauchi, T. Shirai, T. Yoshihara, Y. Hayasaki, T. Ueda, I. Kanno, K. Wasa, H. Kotera","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556334","url":null,"abstract":"The 4 GHz film resontors have been fabricated by sputtered Pb(Mn,Nb)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PMnN-PZT) thin films. The PMnN-PZT thin films were deposited on (100)MgO substrates. The thin films showed tetragonal crystal structure and highly (001) orientation. The film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR) composed by PMnN-PZT thin films were fabricated by MEMS technology. RF properties of the resonator were evaluated by VNA (Vector Network Analyzer). The electro-mechanical coupling constant kt and Q-value for PMnN-PZT thin films were 0.7 and 157, at 4.17GHz, respectively. These values obtained by sputtered thin films are highest comparing with those of previously reported PZT-BAW resonators.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"285 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123430795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556311
J. Détaint, B. Capelle, Y. Epelboin
This paper present calculations showing the interest of to make gyroscopes that use cuts normal to a three fold symmetry axis of several new materials of call 32 or 3m to build sensitive and stable gyroscopes using lateral field excitation and detection. The main factors of the sensitivity are studied and it is shown that lithium tantalate and gallium phosphate present an interesting ensemble of very favorable properties including good energy trapping properties. Experimental results have confirmed the possibility of very large Q factors
{"title":"Energy trapping thickness mode gyroscopes using high performance crystalline materials.","authors":"J. Détaint, B. Capelle, Y. Epelboin","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556311","url":null,"abstract":"This paper present calculations showing the interest of to make gyroscopes that use cuts normal to a three fold symmetry axis of several new materials of call 32 or 3m to build sensitive and stable gyroscopes using lateral field excitation and detection. The main factors of the sensitivity are studied and it is shown that lithium tantalate and gallium phosphate present an interesting ensemble of very favorable properties including good energy trapping properties. Experimental results have confirmed the possibility of very large Q factors","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"344 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124660123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556359
E. Donley, T. Liebisch, E. Blanshan, J. Kitching
For cold samples of laser-cooled atoms to be useful in emerging technologies such as compact atomic clocks and sensors, it is necessary to achieve small sample sizes while retaining a large number of cold atoms. Achieving large atom numbers in a small system is a major challenge for producing miniaturized laser-cooled atomic clocks, since the number of captured atoms in a vapor-cell magneto-optical trap (MOT) scales as the fourth power of the laser beam diameter [1]. This strong dependence on size is fundamentally set by the maximum spontaneous light force ħkγ/2, where ħk is the photon momentum and γ/2 is the maximum spontaneous photon scatter rate of a saturated transition of linewidth γ. We are attempting to surmount the limit imposed by spontaneous emission by using bichromatic cooling [2] — a technique that uses stimulated emission to slow the atoms. We have built a table-top experiment that uses stimulated-emission bichromatic cooling to pre-cool rubidium atoms and dramatically enhance the trappable atom number in a small MOT. The apparatus lets us test how bichromatic cooling scales with miniaturization. Here we report on our first experimental results of cooling a thermal beam of rubidium atoms down to MOT capture velocities.
{"title":"Number enhancement for compact laser-cooled atomic samples by use of stimulated radiation forces","authors":"E. Donley, T. Liebisch, E. Blanshan, J. Kitching","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556359","url":null,"abstract":"For cold samples of laser-cooled atoms to be useful in emerging technologies such as compact atomic clocks and sensors, it is necessary to achieve small sample sizes while retaining a large number of cold atoms. Achieving large atom numbers in a small system is a major challenge for producing miniaturized laser-cooled atomic clocks, since the number of captured atoms in a vapor-cell magneto-optical trap (MOT) scales as the fourth power of the laser beam diameter [1]. This strong dependence on size is fundamentally set by the maximum spontaneous light force ħkγ/2, where ħk is the photon momentum and γ/2 is the maximum spontaneous photon scatter rate of a saturated transition of linewidth γ. We are attempting to surmount the limit imposed by spontaneous emission by using bichromatic cooling [2] — a technique that uses stimulated emission to slow the atoms. We have built a table-top experiment that uses stimulated-emission bichromatic cooling to pre-cool rubidium atoms and dramatically enhance the trappable atom number in a small MOT. The apparatus lets us test how bichromatic cooling scales with miniaturization. Here we report on our first experimental results of cooling a thermal beam of rubidium atoms down to MOT capture velocities.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"122 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129593866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556358
F. Bassignot, G. Ulliac, T. Laroche, Julien Garcia, E. Courjon, S. Ballandras, J. Lesage
In this paper, we present new results on the development of a new acoustic waveguide concept using an. acoustic wave excited by a Periodically Poled Transducer (PPT) and guided by guiding layers. Periodically poled transducers have been investigated recently as an alternative to classical inter-digital transducers for the excitation and detection of guided acoustic waves. The fabrication of PPTs operating in the range 50 – 500 MHz has been achieved on 3 and 4 inches 500 µm thick lithium niobate (LiNbO3) and tantalate (LiTaO3) Z-cut wafers. The compact structure proposed allows high frequency operation with a simplified package based on Si/LiNbO3/Si material combination. Dispersion properties have been studied for this structure in order to find operating points corresponding to a specific thickness/period ratio. Two main devices have been fabricated, a Si/500 µm thick PPT/Si structure in order to validate the concept and a Si/20 µm thick PPT/Si structure to excite only one acoustic wave in the purpose of diffracting this wave. The experimental responses of the tested devices are compared to the predicted harmonic admittances, showing a good agreement between both results. The temperature sensitivity of the excited wave of both structures are also been measured and predicted. Finally, we expose different structures with impedance mismatches generating scattering effects.
{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of acoustic waveguides using Silicon/PPT/Silicon structures and analysis of diffraction effects for various modelings","authors":"F. Bassignot, G. Ulliac, T. Laroche, Julien Garcia, E. Courjon, S. Ballandras, J. Lesage","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556358","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present new results on the development of a new acoustic waveguide concept using an. acoustic wave excited by a Periodically Poled Transducer (PPT) and guided by guiding layers. Periodically poled transducers have been investigated recently as an alternative to classical inter-digital transducers for the excitation and detection of guided acoustic waves. The fabrication of PPTs operating in the range 50 – 500 MHz has been achieved on 3 and 4 inches 500 µm thick lithium niobate (LiNbO3) and tantalate (LiTaO3) Z-cut wafers. The compact structure proposed allows high frequency operation with a simplified package based on Si/LiNbO3/Si material combination. Dispersion properties have been studied for this structure in order to find operating points corresponding to a specific thickness/period ratio. Two main devices have been fabricated, a Si/500 µm thick PPT/Si structure in order to validate the concept and a Si/20 µm thick PPT/Si structure to excite only one acoustic wave in the purpose of diffracting this wave. The experimental responses of the tested devices are compared to the predicted harmonic admittances, showing a good agreement between both results. The temperature sensitivity of the excited wave of both structures are also been measured and predicted. Finally, we expose different structures with impedance mismatches generating scattering effects.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130088366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556287
Ke Deng, Xuzong Chen, Zhong Wang
This paper introduce three main technologies in our coherent population trapping clock. The rubidium vapor cell is fabricated by glass-silicon anodic bonding techniques. We use two different buffer gases (Ar and Ne) that produce opposite shift rates to reduce the dependence of the clock frequency stability on the temperature stability of the atoms. We use the ceramic-filled coaxial resonator as the RF resource.
{"title":"A 85Rb coherent population trapping atomic clock","authors":"Ke Deng, Xuzong Chen, Zhong Wang","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556287","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduce three main technologies in our coherent population trapping clock. The rubidium vapor cell is fabricated by glass-silicon anodic bonding techniques. We use two different buffer gases (Ar and Ne) that produce opposite shift rates to reduce the dependence of the clock frequency stability on the temperature stability of the atoms. We use the ceramic-filled coaxial resonator as the RF resource.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132850633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556380
Manabu Ito, Hiroyuki Mitome, T. Oita
Combination of FEM for thermal analysis and Harmonic Balance oscillation analysis can achieve the highly frequency/temperature stable OCXO such as a few parts per billion frequency/temperature performance for the wide temperature range by simple single oven. This design method basically has been applied to the new OCXO for the LTE(Long Term Evolution)base-station of the next generation of the mobile communication network.
将有限元热分析与谐波平衡振荡分析相结合，通过简单的单烘箱，可以在宽温度范围内实现高频/温度稳定的OCXO，如十亿分之几的频率/温度性能。该设计方法已基本应用于下一代移动通信网络LTE(Long Term Evolution)基站的新型OCXO。
{"title":"Combination of FEM/Harmonic Balance analysis of OCXO","authors":"Manabu Ito, Hiroyuki Mitome, T. Oita","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556380","url":null,"abstract":"Combination of FEM for thermal analysis and Harmonic Balance oscillation analysis can achieve the highly frequency/temperature stable OCXO such as a few parts per billion frequency/temperature performance for the wide temperature range by simple single oven. This design method basically has been applied to the new OCXO for the LTE(Long Term Evolution)base-station of the next generation of the mobile communication network.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131953764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556296
Faxi Chen, W. Zhou, Jie Zhao
On the basis of the conventional method, the digital techniques for temperature compensation to VCXO always deteriorate the phase noise of the VCXO badly. And the essential cause for the deterioration of phase noise is the frequent variation of control voltage to the VCXO [1]. This paper explores a novel non real-time digital technique for temperature compensation to the VCXO, which makes the compensation voltage more stable with slower and evener change. Lastly, the temperature-frequency performance of the DTCXO is improved greatly, and the phase noise is improved greatly at the same time.
{"title":"A novel design of DTCXO with low phase noise","authors":"Faxi Chen, W. Zhou, Jie Zhao","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556296","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of the conventional method, the digital techniques for temperature compensation to VCXO always deteriorate the phase noise of the VCXO badly. And the essential cause for the deterioration of phase noise is the frequent variation of control voltage to the VCXO [1]. This paper explores a novel non real-time digital technique for temperature compensation to the VCXO, which makes the compensation voltage more stable with slower and evener change. Lastly, the temperature-frequency performance of the DTCXO is improved greatly, and the phase noise is improved greatly at the same time.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125150757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556248
Wenxia Yang, W. Tam
In this paper, a new membrane resonator structure for suppressing the spurious waves is proposed. The proposed structure consists of a piezoelectric slab sandwiched between the bottom electrode with a frame-like airgap and a solid top electrode. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to extract the displacements to illustrate the reduction of spurious waves.
{"title":"Spurious wave suppression in BAW resonators with frame-like airgap","authors":"Wenxia Yang, W. Tam","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556248","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new membrane resonator structure for suppressing the spurious waves is proposed. The proposed structure consists of a piezoelectric slab sandwiched between the bottom electrode with a frame-like airgap and a solid top electrode. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to extract the displacements to illustrate the reduction of spurious waves.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122445563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：