Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556262
M. Onoe, S. Kaga
This paper presents a mathematical analysis of quasilongitudinal (QL) modes in piezoelectric quartz plate, which was found numerically and verified experimentally by Anisimkin in 2004. A new matrix formulation of analysis is used to compare pure elastic, piezoelectrically stiffened (with electrodes) and piezoelectrically unstiffened (without electrodes) cases. An approximate formulas to yield “allowed bands” for QL-modes is obtained. The formulas also covers newly found quasishear (QS) modes. Refined profiles of displacements through the plate thickness are presented to solve a mystery of little jumps in their profiles of longitudinal displacement.
{"title":"Analytical study of anisimkin's (quasilongitudinal) modes in piezoelectric plate","authors":"M. Onoe, S. Kaga","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556262","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a mathematical analysis of quasilongitudinal (QL) modes in piezoelectric quartz plate, which was found numerically and verified experimentally by Anisimkin in 2004. A new matrix formulation of analysis is used to compare pure elastic, piezoelectrically stiffened (with electrodes) and piezoelectrically unstiffened (without electrodes) cases. An approximate formulas to yield “allowed bands” for QL-modes is obtained. The formulas also covers newly found quasishear (QS) modes. Refined profiles of displacements through the plate thickness are presented to solve a mystery of little jumps in their profiles of longitudinal displacement.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124936548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556366
M. McCorquodale, B. Gupta, W. Armstrong, R. Beaudouin, G. Carichner, P. Chaudhari, N. Fayyaz, Nathaniel Gaskin, J. Kuhn, D. Linebarger, E. Marsman, J. O'Day, S. M. Pernia, D. Senderowicz
A monolithic and unpackaged silicon die is presented as a frequency source suitable for quartz crystal resonator (XTAL) and oscillator (XO) replacement. The frequency source is referenced to a free-running, frequency-trimmed and temperature-compensated 3GHz RF LC oscillator. A programmable divider array enables the device to provide frequencies ranging from 6 to 133MHz. A post-processed Faraday shield contains fringing electromagnetic fields and enables the device to be delivered in unpackaged form such that it can be assembled into any package or via any assembly technique. The device dissipates approximately 2mA from a 1.8–3.3V power supply and drifts no more than ±300ppm over all operating conditions including a panel of industry-standard reliability tests.
{"title":"A silicon die as a frequency source","authors":"M. McCorquodale, B. Gupta, W. Armstrong, R. Beaudouin, G. Carichner, P. Chaudhari, N. Fayyaz, Nathaniel Gaskin, J. Kuhn, D. Linebarger, E. Marsman, J. O'Day, S. M. Pernia, D. Senderowicz","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556366","url":null,"abstract":"A monolithic and unpackaged silicon die is presented as a frequency source suitable for quartz crystal resonator (XTAL) and oscillator (XO) replacement. The frequency source is referenced to a free-running, frequency-trimmed and temperature-compensated 3GHz RF LC oscillator. A programmable divider array enables the device to provide frequencies ranging from 6 to 133MHz. A post-processed Faraday shield contains fringing electromagnetic fields and enables the device to be delivered in unpackaged form such that it can be assembled into any package or via any assembly technique. The device dissipates approximately 2mA from a 1.8–3.3V power supply and drifts no more than ±300ppm over all operating conditions including a panel of industry-standard reliability tests.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123451568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556314
Y. Yong, Yoonkee Kim
In our previous work an AT-cut quartz plate with lateral tines was proposed as an angular velocity sensor. The plate itself formed the driving component while the lateral tines formed the angular velocity sensors. The separation of the driving component from the sensing component allowed for a wider variety of tine geometries and modes for detecting angular velocity. In this work we analyze and compare the use of langasite versus quartz for the gyroscope. Since the langasite has a higher (2.17 times) mass density, and a higher (2.26 times) electromechanical coupling constant than those of quartz, the lateral tines were found to be more sensitive to a given angular acceleration. Our analysis showed that the material langasite was better suited for the thickness shear mode angular velocity sensor. Another important advantage for using langasite would be when the gyroscope was needed to operate at a high temperature environment unsuitable for quartz. Strong gyroscopic responses are also a function of the tine geometry. A careful selection of the tine geometry will yield stronger responses to angular velocities. Responses to angular velocities about the three axes (X-, Y-, and Z-axes) could be obtained by using different tine geometries. Hence it is possible for the thickness shear vibratory gyroscope to sense angular velocities about the three axes using multiple tines of various geometries.
{"title":"Analysis and comparison of langasite versus quartz for a thickness shear vibratory gyroscope","authors":"Y. Yong, Yoonkee Kim","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556314","url":null,"abstract":"In our previous work an AT-cut quartz plate with lateral tines was proposed as an angular velocity sensor. The plate itself formed the driving component while the lateral tines formed the angular velocity sensors. The separation of the driving component from the sensing component allowed for a wider variety of tine geometries and modes for detecting angular velocity. In this work we analyze and compare the use of langasite versus quartz for the gyroscope. Since the langasite has a higher (2.17 times) mass density, and a higher (2.26 times) electromechanical coupling constant than those of quartz, the lateral tines were found to be more sensitive to a given angular acceleration. Our analysis showed that the material langasite was better suited for the thickness shear mode angular velocity sensor. Another important advantage for using langasite would be when the gyroscope was needed to operate at a high temperature environment unsuitable for quartz. Strong gyroscopic responses are also a function of the tine geometry. A careful selection of the tine geometry will yield stronger responses to angular velocities. Responses to angular velocities about the three axes (X-, Y-, and Z-axes) could be obtained by using different tine geometries. Hence it is possible for the thickness shear vibratory gyroscope to sense angular velocities about the three axes using multiple tines of various geometries.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122779450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556337
Jianke Du, Xiaoyu Cheng, Ji Wang
We investigate analytically Love wave propagation in a magneto-electro-elastic material structure loaded with viscous liquid, which involves a thin piezomagnetic layer bonded perfectly to an unbounded piezoelectric substrate. The effects of viscosity of liquid on the phase velocity and attenuation are analyzed. The numerical results are presented and discussed. The analytical method and the results can be useful for the design of the chemical and the biosensing liquid sensors of magnetoelectric materials.
{"title":"Love wave propagating in a magneto-electro-elastic material structure loaded with viscous liquid","authors":"Jianke Du, Xiaoyu Cheng, Ji Wang","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556337","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate analytically Love wave propagation in a magneto-electro-elastic material structure loaded with viscous liquid, which involves a thin piezomagnetic layer bonded perfectly to an unbounded piezoelectric substrate. The effects of viscosity of liquid on the phase velocity and attenuation are analyzed. The numerical results are presented and discussed. The analytical method and the results can be useful for the design of the chemical and the biosensing liquid sensors of magnetoelectric materials.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123780373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556257
C. Nadal, F. Pigache, Y. Lefèvre
This article deals with an analytical modeling of the electrical potential repartition generated on the surface of receiving part of a piezoelectric transformer. The analytical model is exploited to verify the influence of structural and geometrical parameters on the amplitude and the repartition of electrical potential. Additionally, a 2D-model of surrounding electrical potential is undertaken by Finite Difference Method (FDM) from a weak coupling approximation.
{"title":"Analytical modeling of electrical potential repartition on piezoelectric transformer","authors":"C. Nadal, F. Pigache, Y. Lefèvre","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556257","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with an analytical modeling of the electrical potential repartition generated on the surface of receiving part of a piezoelectric transformer. The analytical model is exploited to verify the influence of structural and geometrical parameters on the amplitude and the repartition of electrical potential. Additionally, a 2D-model of surrounding electrical potential is undertaken by Finite Difference Method (FDM) from a weak coupling approximation.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126299974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556325
R. Fachberger, J. Bardong
A high temperature stable packaging for surface acoustic wave devices for application of radio frequency transponders in harsh environment was investigated. Several ceramic adhesives were tested and characterized for die bonding. The expected thermal stresses were calculated via finite elemente method. The adhesive forces were measured via shear tests after thermal aging of test samples up to temperatures of 850°C. The applicability of full functional Kovar based housings with ceramic to metal seals equipped with langasite devices was tested in-situ up to temperatures of 650°C.
{"title":"High temperature packaging for SAW transponder","authors":"R. Fachberger, J. Bardong","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556325","url":null,"abstract":"A high temperature stable packaging for surface acoustic wave devices for application of radio frequency transponders in harsh environment was investigated. Several ceramic adhesives were tested and characterized for die bonding. The expected thermal stresses were calculated via finite elemente method. The adhesive forces were measured via shear tests after thermal aging of test samples up to temperatures of 850°C. The applicability of full functional Kovar based housings with ceramic to metal seals equipped with langasite devices was tested in-situ up to temperatures of 650°C.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125462165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556285
F. Esnault, E. Donley, J. Kitching
We describe the main features of a cold atom frequency standard based on coherent population trapping (CPT). We explain our particular CPT configuration and our experimental setup, and present simulations of the expected performance (stability and major systematics).
{"title":"Towards a compact cold atom frequency standard based on coherent population trapping","authors":"F. Esnault, E. Donley, J. Kitching","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556285","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the main features of a cold atom frequency standard based on coherent population trapping (CPT). We explain our particular CPT configuration and our experimental setup, and present simulations of the expected performance (stability and major systematics).","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122260706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556384
Ting-ta Yen, Chih-Ming Lin, Yun-ju Lai, Damien Wittwer, M. Hopcroft, A. Pisano
This paper reports fine frequency selection techniques for aluminum nitride (AlN) Lamb wave mode resonators (LWR) to control the relative frequency of resonators in an array to 0.1%. The technique that works the best is by adjusting the so-called AlN “overhang” dimension, OH, measured from the center of the outermost electrode to the edge of AlN plate independently of the interdigital transducer (IDT) pitch. Experimental results suggest the center frequency can be linearly adjusted by up to ±2.5% with no significant effect on other resonator parameters including Q, Rm, C0, and k2t. Preliminary results of filter banks at 735 MHz utilizing this technique demonstrate that the relative center frequency of each channel can be evenly spaced by 0.05% without post-process trimming.
{"title":"Fine frequency selection techniques for aluminum nitride Lamb wave resonators","authors":"Ting-ta Yen, Chih-Ming Lin, Yun-ju Lai, Damien Wittwer, M. Hopcroft, A. Pisano","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556384","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports fine frequency selection techniques for aluminum nitride (AlN) Lamb wave mode resonators (LWR) to control the relative frequency of resonators in an array to 0.1%. The technique that works the best is by adjusting the so-called AlN “overhang” dimension, OH, measured from the center of the outermost electrode to the edge of AlN plate independently of the interdigital transducer (IDT) pitch. Experimental results suggest the center frequency can be linearly adjusted by up to ±2.5% with no significant effect on other resonator parameters including Q, Rm, C0, and k2t. Preliminary results of filter banks at 735 MHz utilizing this technique demonstrate that the relative center frequency of each channel can be evenly spaced by 0.05% without post-process trimming.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"25 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120907048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556362
L. Maleki, V. Ilchenko, M. Mohageg, A. Matsko, A. Savchenkov, D. Seidel, N. Wells, J. Camparo, B. Jaduszliwer
We describe a novel architecture for realization of a miniature all-optical atomic clock. We show theoretically that a hyperparametric oscillator based on a whispering gallery mode resonator can be used as a miniature frequency divider for the clock. Such a frequency divider allows for transferring the long term frequency stability from the optical frequency domain to the RF frequency domain. We present some details for the clock that utilizes the thermally stable isoclinic point of the inhomogeneously broadened D1 line of 87Rb for frequency stabilization, and report on progress towards its experimental realization.
{"title":"All-optical integrated atomic clock","authors":"L. Maleki, V. Ilchenko, M. Mohageg, A. Matsko, A. Savchenkov, D. Seidel, N. Wells, J. Camparo, B. Jaduszliwer","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556362","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a novel architecture for realization of a miniature all-optical atomic clock. We show theoretically that a hyperparametric oscillator based on a whispering gallery mode resonator can be used as a miniature frequency divider for the clock. Such a frequency divider allows for transferring the long term frequency stability from the optical frequency domain to the RF frequency domain. We present some details for the clock that utilizes the thermally stable isoclinic point of the inhomogeneously broadened D1 line of 87Rb for frequency stabilization, and report on progress towards its experimental realization.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133395767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556374
M. Safronova, Dansha Jiang, M. Kozlov, U. Safronova
We developed a theoretical method within the framework of relativistic many-body theory to accurately treat correlation corrections in atoms with few valence electrons. Preliminary results for systems of interest to atomic clock development are reported. We also calculated the blackbody radiation shift of the ground-state hyperfine microwave transition in 87Rb using the relativistic all-order method and evaluated the accuracy of our final value. The uncertainty estimate is discussed in detail.
{"title":"Blackbody radiation shifts and magic wavelengths for atomic clock research","authors":"M. Safronova, Dansha Jiang, M. Kozlov, U. Safronova","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556374","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a theoretical method within the framework of relativistic many-body theory to accurately treat correlation corrections in atoms with few valence electrons. Preliminary results for systems of interest to atomic clock development are reported. We also calculated the blackbody radiation shift of the ground-state hyperfine microwave transition in 87Rb using the relativistic all-order method and evaluated the accuracy of our final value. The uncertainty estimate is discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113965725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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