Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556303
Ji Wang, Leping Chen, Jianke Du, Yuantai Hu, Guo-qing Li
The nonlinear finite element analysis is performed with the nonlinear Mindlin plate theory, which is further simplified to have only the thickness-shear and flexural modes to reduce the complicated couplings due to the consideration of material nonlinearity and higher-order strain components. The 2D nonlinear equations with two variables are implemented so the problem will have a smaller size in comparison with the 3D approach. General procedure of nonlinear finite element analysis based on the iterative method is implemented. The finite element program is in parallel implementation with advanced features such as the sparse matrix handling and linear algebra library in public domain. The program is developed and tested on a Linux cluster to enable fast solution of large scale problems. The solutions are given in displacements to make comparison with known linear solutions for verification and validation, but they can also be used for forced vibrations and future calculation of resonator electrical properties. In addition to essential results of finite element analysis in terms of vibration frequency and displacement solutions, we can extend the program to analyze the resonator behavior under driving voltage to explain many important behaviors like derive-level dependence and other nonlinear properties. These analytical capabilities will expand current features of finite element program and provide efficient tools for the nonlinear studies of quartz crystal resonators. Noting the finite element analysis of quartz crystal resonators has been making great contributions to the design and improvement with the fast shrinkage of resonator size and raised precision requirements, the full advantage of the finite element analysis can be taken if electrical parameters and performance behavior can be predicted with the improved analytical model and consideration of nonlinear material properties and field coupling. The current approach based on the nonlinear theory will meet these objectives since the advantage of the finite element analysis on parallel platforms have been well understood and widely implemented.
{"title":"Finite element analysis of nonlinear thickness-shear vibrations of AT-cut quartz crystal plates","authors":"Ji Wang, Leping Chen, Jianke Du, Yuantai Hu, Guo-qing Li","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556303","url":null,"abstract":"The nonlinear finite element analysis is performed with the nonlinear Mindlin plate theory, which is further simplified to have only the thickness-shear and flexural modes to reduce the complicated couplings due to the consideration of material nonlinearity and higher-order strain components. The 2D nonlinear equations with two variables are implemented so the problem will have a smaller size in comparison with the 3D approach. General procedure of nonlinear finite element analysis based on the iterative method is implemented. The finite element program is in parallel implementation with advanced features such as the sparse matrix handling and linear algebra library in public domain. The program is developed and tested on a Linux cluster to enable fast solution of large scale problems. The solutions are given in displacements to make comparison with known linear solutions for verification and validation, but they can also be used for forced vibrations and future calculation of resonator electrical properties. In addition to essential results of finite element analysis in terms of vibration frequency and displacement solutions, we can extend the program to analyze the resonator behavior under driving voltage to explain many important behaviors like derive-level dependence and other nonlinear properties. These analytical capabilities will expand current features of finite element program and provide efficient tools for the nonlinear studies of quartz crystal resonators. Noting the finite element analysis of quartz crystal resonators has been making great contributions to the design and improvement with the fast shrinkage of resonator size and raised precision requirements, the full advantage of the finite element analysis can be taken if electrical parameters and performance behavior can be predicted with the improved analytical model and consideration of nonlinear material properties and field coupling. The current approach based on the nonlinear theory will meet these objectives since the advantage of the finite element analysis on parallel platforms have been well understood and widely implemented.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132660379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556304
Xin Yin, Jianke Du, Ji Wang
We here mainly investigate the mechanical effect of metal electrodes, such as mass effect and shear stiffness effect, and effects of viscosity and conductivity on the resonance frequency, capacitance ratio, and quality factor. We can finally find how those work to the electrical parameters with dissipation. And we have calculated the frequency for different piezoelectric materials with gold or silver electrodes with consideration of dissipation of piezoelectric plate. It can be found that the gold electrode has more remarkable effect than the silver electrode on the frequency for same viscous dissipation because gold is heavier than silver.
{"title":"Effects of electrode inertia and stiffness on vibration of piezoelectric plate with dissipation","authors":"Xin Yin, Jianke Du, Ji Wang","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556304","url":null,"abstract":"We here mainly investigate the mechanical effect of metal electrodes, such as mass effect and shear stiffness effect, and effects of viscosity and conductivity on the resonance frequency, capacitance ratio, and quality factor. We can finally find how those work to the electrical parameters with dissipation. And we have calculated the frequency for different piezoelectric materials with gold or silver electrodes with consideration of dissipation of piezoelectric plate. It can be found that the gold electrode has more remarkable effect than the silver electrode on the frequency for same viscous dissipation because gold is heavier than silver.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131219170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556370
P. Ivaldi, J. Abergel, G. Arndt, P. Robert, P. Andreucci, H. Blanc, S. Hentz, E. Defay
We present the fabrication and characterization of a 90µm × 40µm × 885nm piezoelectric micro-cantilever resonator containing a 50nm thick Aluminum Nitride (AlN) piezoelectric film for transduction. Material characterizations demonstrate that our AlN deposition technique enables the fabrication of ultra-thin films with high piezoelectric coefficient e31 = 0.78C.m−2. Fully electrical actuation and detection of the cantilever resonance behavior is evidenced using onchip electric bridge and instrumented probe trans-impedance amplifier. Finally, based on Allan deviation measurement results, we demonstrate the potential of this cantilever for gas detection with an expected limit of detection equal to 70zg.µm−2
我们提出了一个90 μ m × 40 μ m × 885nm的压电微悬臂谐振器的制造和表征，该谐振器含有50nm厚的氮化铝(AlN)压电薄膜用于转导。材料表征表明，我们的AlN沉积技术可以制造出具有高压电系数e31 = 0.78C.m−2的超薄薄膜。利用片上电桥和仪器探头跨阻抗放大器证明了悬臂谐振行为的全电驱动和检测。最后，基于Allan偏差测量结果，我们证明了该悬臂梁用于气体检测的潜力，其预期检测极限为70zg.µm−2
{"title":"50 nm thick AlN resonant micro-cantilever for gas sensing application","authors":"P. Ivaldi, J. Abergel, G. Arndt, P. Robert, P. Andreucci, H. Blanc, S. Hentz, E. Defay","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556370","url":null,"abstract":"We present the fabrication and characterization of a 90µm × 40µm × 885nm piezoelectric micro-cantilever resonator containing a 50nm thick Aluminum Nitride (AlN) piezoelectric film for transduction. Material characterizations demonstrate that our AlN deposition technique enables the fabrication of ultra-thin films with high piezoelectric coefficient e<inf>31</inf> = 0.78C.m<sup>−2</sup>. Fully electrical actuation and detection of the cantilever resonance behavior is evidenced using onchip electric bridge and instrumented probe trans-impedance amplifier. Finally, based on Allan deviation measurement results, we demonstrate the potential of this cantilever for gas detection with an expected limit of detection equal to 70zg.µm<sup>−2</sup>","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130540739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556252
O. Lopez, B. Chanteau, V. Roncin, F. Kéfélian, C. Chardonnet, A. Amy-Klein, H. Jiang, A. Haboucha, G. Santarelli
We transfer the frequency of an ultra-stable laser over a cascaded optical link comprising two compensated links of 150 km and a repeater station. Each link passes through two important nodes of the telecommunication network and includes 114 km of Internet fiber simultaneously carrying data traffic, through a dense wavelength division multiplexing scheme. The metrological signal is inserted in and extracted from the communication network using bidirectional optical add-drop multiplexers. The repeater station is working independently without any remote control. The phase noise on the two links is compensated with the usual round-trip technique. The 300-km multiplexed cascaded link shows an Allan deviation of 3×10−15 at one second and 7×10−20 at 20 hours. This work paves the way to a wide dissemination of ultra stable optical clock signals between distant laboratories via the Internet network.
{"title":"Multiplexed optical link for ultra-stable frequency dissemination","authors":"O. Lopez, B. Chanteau, V. Roncin, F. Kéfélian, C. Chardonnet, A. Amy-Klein, H. Jiang, A. Haboucha, G. Santarelli","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556252","url":null,"abstract":"We transfer the frequency of an ultra-stable laser over a cascaded optical link comprising two compensated links of 150 km and a repeater station. Each link passes through two important nodes of the telecommunication network and includes 114 km of Internet fiber simultaneously carrying data traffic, through a dense wavelength division multiplexing scheme. The metrological signal is inserted in and extracted from the communication network using bidirectional optical add-drop multiplexers. The repeater station is working independently without any remote control. The phase noise on the two links is compensated with the usual round-trip technique. The 300-km multiplexed cascaded link shows an Allan deviation of 3×10−15 at one second and 7×10−20 at 20 hours. This work paves the way to a wide dissemination of ultra stable optical clock signals between distant laboratories via the Internet network.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"1982 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113966637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556343
U. Rohde, A. Poddar
The noise properties of active inductor resonator is studied. A design strategy centered on improving the quality factor of the active inductor is discussed for giving brief insights about the active resonator noise dynamics, and validated through an example, leading to a low cost high performance tunable active inductor oscillator (TAIO) for reconfigurable radio-frequency circuit solutions.
{"title":"Active inductor oscillator noise dynamics","authors":"U. Rohde, A. Poddar","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556343","url":null,"abstract":"The noise properties of active inductor resonator is studied. A design strategy centered on improving the quality factor of the active inductor is discussed for giving brief insights about the active resonator noise dynamics, and validated through an example, leading to a low cost high performance tunable active inductor oscillator (TAIO) for reconfigurable radio-frequency circuit solutions.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123914066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556247
T. Baron, D. Gachon, G. Martin, S. Alzuaga, D. Hermelin, J. Romand, S. Ballandras
In this paper, we present a new approach for the fabrication and use of thinned single crystal films for the development of radio-frequency temperature compensated devices. We particularly focus on High-overtone bulk acoustic resonators (HBAR) for oscillator stabilization, taking advantage of the very high quality factors achievable with such devices. We obtained a good agreement between simulation and experiments. This paper shows the possibility to obtain device which is intrinsically low sensitive to thermal effects, and even allowing a second order compensation thanks to the Quartz thermal stability.
{"title":"Temperature compensated radio-frequency harmonic bulk acoustic resonators","authors":"T. Baron, D. Gachon, G. Martin, S. Alzuaga, D. Hermelin, J. Romand, S. Ballandras","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556247","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a new approach for the fabrication and use of thinned single crystal films for the development of radio-frequency temperature compensated devices. We particularly focus on High-overtone bulk acoustic resonators (HBAR) for oscillator stabilization, taking advantage of the very high quality factors achievable with such devices. We obtained a good agreement between simulation and experiments. This paper shows the possibility to obtain device which is intrinsically low sensitive to thermal effects, and even allowing a second order compensation thanks to the Quartz thermal stability.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123682335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556348
A. Matsko, A. Savchenkov, V. Ilchenko, D. Seidel, L. Maleki
We theoretically study the performance of a generic opto-mechanical oscillator (OMO) and propose several ways for its stabilization. Applicability of surface acoustic waves in OMOs is also discussed.
{"title":"Surface-acoustic wave opto-mechanical oscillator","authors":"A. Matsko, A. Savchenkov, V. Ilchenko, D. Seidel, L. Maleki","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556348","url":null,"abstract":"We theoretically study the performance of a generic opto-mechanical oscillator (OMO) and propose several ways for its stabilization. Applicability of surface acoustic waves in OMOs is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122340013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556381
Chih-Ming Lin, Ting-ta Yen, V. Felmetsger, M. Hopcroft, J. Kuypers, A. Pisano
Thermal compensation for aluminum nitride (AlN) Lamb wave resonators operating at high temperature is experimentally demonstrated in this study. By adding a compensating layer of silicon dioxide (SiO2), the turnover temperature can be designed for high temperature operation by varying the normalized AlN thickness (hAlN/λ) and the normalized SiO2 thickness (hSiO2/λ) in the AlN/SiO2 composite stack. With different designs of hAlN/λ and hSiO2/λ, the Lamb wave resonators were well temperature-compensated at 214°C, 430°C, and 542°C, respectively. Furthermore, several testing cycles in the full temperature range from 25°C to 700°C were taken to demonstrate the repeatability of the frequency characteristics. This thermal compensation technology is promising for future applications to piezoelectric resonators, filters, and sensors at high temperature.
{"title":"Thermal compensation for aluminum nitride Lamb wave resonators operating at high temperature","authors":"Chih-Ming Lin, Ting-ta Yen, V. Felmetsger, M. Hopcroft, J. Kuypers, A. Pisano","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556381","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal compensation for aluminum nitride (AlN) Lamb wave resonators operating at high temperature is experimentally demonstrated in this study. By adding a compensating layer of silicon dioxide (SiO<inf>2</inf>), the turnover temperature can be designed for high temperature operation by varying the normalized AlN thickness (h<inf>AlN</inf>/λ) and the normalized SiO2 thickness (h<inf>SiO2</inf>/λ) in the AlN/SiO<inf>2</inf> composite stack. With different designs of h<inf>AlN</inf>/λ and h<inf>SiO2</inf>/λ, the Lamb wave resonators were well temperature-compensated at 214°C, 430°C, and 542°C, respectively. Furthermore, several testing cycles in the full temperature range from 25°C to 700°C were taken to demonstrate the repeatability of the frequency characteristics. This thermal compensation technology is promising for future applications to piezoelectric resonators, filters, and sensors at high temperature.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122777061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556317
N. Wells, J. Camparo
To overcome the temperature sensitivity of lasers locked to Doppler-broadened transitions, we propose a scheme in which the laser is locked to an isoclinic point of the atom's spectrum: a frequency at which the first derivative of the absorption spectrum does not change upon a physical change of the sample. Here, we demonstrate that an isoclinic point exists in the Rb87 D1 spectrum at 795 nm, and that it is located midway between the Fg=2 → Fe=1 and Fg=2 → Fe=2 transitions. Locking a VCSEL diode laser to this isoclinic point, we have been able to demonstrate a very low sensitivity of the locked laser's frequency to temperature variations of the atomic vapor.
{"title":"Frequency stabilization of lasers by locking to an atomic isoclinic point","authors":"N. Wells, J. Camparo","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556317","url":null,"abstract":"To overcome the temperature sensitivity of lasers locked to Doppler-broadened transitions, we propose a scheme in which the laser is locked to an isoclinic point of the atom's spectrum: a frequency at which the first derivative of the absorption spectrum does not change upon a physical change of the sample. Here, we demonstrate that an isoclinic point exists in the Rb87 D1 spectrum at 795 nm, and that it is located midway between the Fg=2 → Fe=1 and Fg=2 → Fe=2 transitions. Locking a VCSEL diode laser to this isoclinic point, we have been able to demonstrate a very low sensitivity of the locked laser's frequency to temperature variations of the atomic vapor.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122492215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556294
C. Nelson, A. Hati, J. Nava, D. Howe
We propose an idea to suppress the flicker (1/f) noise in radio frequency (RF) multiplier-based frequency comb generators. Comb generators are often used for frequency multiplication in frequency synthesis. In general, comb generators apply high power to a nonlinear element (NLE) such as a step-recovery diode to generate harmonics. Flicker of phase from the NLE causes significant noise to be projected onto the higher-order harmonics of the input signal. The phase noise of the n-th harmonic increases by n2 relative to the noise of the input signal; this is also true for the input-referred multiplier phase noise. A system can be constructed that compares the fundamental signal before and after it enters the comb generator. If the phase perturbations between the fundamental and any particular harmonic can be measured in real time, a feedback or feed-forward servo can be implemented to correct the phase noise that is introduced by frequency multiplication. A defective excessively noisy comb generator is used in this experiment to act as the candidate for noise correction. This allows for simplified testing of the proof of principle by measuring the corrected candidate versus a typical comb generator.
{"title":"Phase noise suppression in frequency comb generators","authors":"C. Nelson, A. Hati, J. Nava, D. Howe","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556294","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an idea to suppress the flicker (1/f) noise in radio frequency (RF) multiplier-based frequency comb generators. Comb generators are often used for frequency multiplication in frequency synthesis. In general, comb generators apply high power to a nonlinear element (NLE) such as a step-recovery diode to generate harmonics. Flicker of phase from the NLE causes significant noise to be projected onto the higher-order harmonics of the input signal. The phase noise of the n-th harmonic increases by n2 relative to the noise of the input signal; this is also true for the input-referred multiplier phase noise. A system can be constructed that compares the fundamental signal before and after it enters the comb generator. If the phase perturbations between the fundamental and any particular harmonic can be measured in real time, a feedback or feed-forward servo can be implemented to correct the phase noise that is introduced by frequency multiplication. A defective excessively noisy comb generator is used in this experiment to act as the candidate for noise correction. This allows for simplified testing of the proof of principle by measuring the corrected candidate versus a typical comb generator.","PeriodicalId":344989,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127150447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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