Composites Part C Open Access最新文献_第3页

Reverse forming thermoplastic composites: Design and process development

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2024-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100550

Jelle Joustra , Karel Brans , Irene Fernandez Villegas , Jos Sinke , Julie Teuwen

Structural reuse is a promising alternative to recycling of composite materials; it preserves material composition while liberating the materials for reuse in secondary applications. Thermoplastic reinforced composite materials have the potential to expand reuse opportunities by adapting their shape, or reversing them to a laminate blank. In this study, we evaluated reverse forming of glass fibre-polypropylene (GF-PP) laminates by developing a processing method, testing material properties and the effect of three design parameters: forming strain, laminate architecture and material type. Forming strain relates to the deformation mechanism of inter-ply slip, and is imposed through varying the contour depth and bending radius. Laminate architecture relates to resin redistribution, and is imposed by using an orthogonal as well as quasi isotropic layup. Finally, the material type affects both Inter-ply slip as well as resin redistribution, and is imposed by using plain and twill weaves. GF-PP blanks were prepared using a heated platen press and subsequently formed and flattened using convection heating (<165 °C) and vacuum pressure in a novel moulding process. The samples had typical values for flexural strength of 91 - 113 MPa and flexural modulus of 9–16 GPa. Using a Design of Experiments analysis the process was deemed robust for the given boundary conditions. These results demonstrate the feasibility of reverse forming for cases where inter-ply slip is the governing deformation mechanism. The presented reverse forming process and design parameters can be used to create new thermoplastic composite parts, anticipating for structural reuse through reverse forming.

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引用次数: 0

Uncertainty analysis in the design of Type-IV composite pressure vessels for hydrogen storage

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100544

Yao Koutsawa, Lyazid Bouhala

This study focuses on uncertainty quantification (UQ) and global sensitivity analysis (GSA) for the burst pressure (BP) in Type-IV hydrogen composite pressure vessels. Key uncertain parameters, including elastic properties, composite strengths, ply thicknesses, and fiber orientations, were considered. Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) efficiently explored the uncertainty space, while Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) modeled BP responses, with Sparse PCE reducing computational costs by selecting influential polynomial terms. Sobol’ indices were used to assess the direct and total influence of the uncertain parameters on the BP variability, guiding optimization in composite pressure vessel design. The development and analysis of the tank model used conventional shell elements, starting from the liner’s inner dimensions and incorporating filament winding via the Abaqus Composite Layup feature. Critical design aspects, such as ply thickness, material properties and fiber orientation, were employed. Failure analysis, driven by internal pressure, evaluated burst pressure in cylindrical and dome sections. Damage progression was assessed using the Hashin failure criterion. The study explored uncertainty propagation in tank designs across four scenarios, including low-pressure 12-ply tanks and high-pressure 52-ply configurations, incorporating 15 and 37 uncertain parameters. Fiber tensile strength and ply thickness emerged as the dominant factors affecting the BP. Fiber strength and ply thickness consistently influenced stiffness and failure mechanisms, emphasizing their critical role in the hydrogen tank design.

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引用次数: 0

The effects of high strain-rate and temperature on tensile properties of UHMWPE composite laminates

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100549

Alia Ruzanna Aziz , Haleimah Al Abdouli , Naresh Kakur , Henrique Ramos , Rafael Savioli , Zhongwei Guan , Rafael Santiago

The high strain-rate and temperature properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites are limitedly available in the public domain, primarily due to challenges in gripping the extremely strong material during testing. In this study, tensile tests were performed on UHMWPE laminates over a range of strain-rates from 4.00 × 10^-4 to 2.45 × 10² s^-1, and at different temperatures from -10 to 70 °C using an innovative interchangeable clamping system. The clamp was designed to overcome gripping issues while ensuring consistent boundary conditions across various testing devices. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique was employed to capture the displacement fields in situ. The results show that UHMWPE composites demonstrate strain-rate strengthening and temperature-induced softening effects. The strain-rate dependent models indicate a notable difference in strain-rate sensitivity, particularly with tensile strength exhibiting 87 % and 60 % higher sensitivity compared to the tensile modulus and failure strain, respectively. The Weibull statistical model indicates that the scale parameter increases by 17 % with the increase in strain-rate due to transition in failure response from ductile to brittle, which is observed through optical microscopy. In contrast, the scale parameter decreases by 58 % with the increase in temperature. Therefore, it is important to consider the effects of strain-rate and temperature on the mechanical properties for effectively utilizing this material to develop numerical models in various impact-protective applications.

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引用次数: 0

Comparing flax fibre/biopolymer woven composites with carbon fibre-enhanced, partially green alternatives: Mechanical performance versus sustainability

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100547

Olivia H. Margoto, Abbas S. Milani

Natural fibre/biopolymer matrix, known as green/fully sustainable, composites are emerging as alternatives to non-sustainable or partially sustainable composites, while ideally targeting similar material properties. This study first characterizes and compares thermo-mechanical performance of novel green composites made of Flax Fibre (FF) reinforced in thermosetting bioresin options, fabricated via two different manufacturing techniques. Namely, flax fibre-reinforced bioepoxy (Bioepoxy/35 %FF) woven biocomposite was fabricated via vacuum infusion, while FF-reinforced (bio)Polyfurfuryl Alcohol (PFA) woven prepreg was consolidated through vacuum bagging (PFA/45 %FF) as the second option. Additionally, for design comparisons, Carbon Fibre (CF)-PFA (PFA/60 %CF), as well as hybrid FF-CF-based PFA (PFA/45 %FF-15 %CF) samples were fabricated to understand the performance difference between the green composite options versus the latter partially sustainable or hybrid design alternatives. Results demonstrated that, despite their required different manufacturing techniques, Bioepoxy/35 %FF and PFA/60 %FF provided very comparable density, tensile strength, and impact properties. Both biocomposites outperformed the CF-added designs under damping property (by 150 %) at low frequency and specific energy absorption property (by 37 %), thanks to the unique micro-architecture of flax fibre that enhances deformation energy dissipation through inter- and intra-cell walls friction and internal failure mechanisms. However, incorporating 15 % of CF into PFA/FF (i.e. hybrid PFA/45 %FF-15 %CF) increased the tensile strength by 130 % and the tensile modulus by 90 %, while keeping a similar impact energy absorption as the fully flax-based biocomposite options. The fully CF-based PFA (as a least sustainable option among the tested samples) revealed the highest tensile properties, hardness, and thermal stability, clearly highlighting the necessity for formal trade-off analyses during design.

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引用次数: 0

Effect of natural fibers-epoxy composite as thermal insulation coating on galvalume roof 天然纤维-环氧复合材料在镀锌屋面隔热涂层中的应用效果

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100543

Redi Bintarto, Anindito Purnowidodo, Djarot B. Darmadi, Teguh Dwi Widodo

Natural fibre composite coatings are an excellent choice for developing and improving the properties of galvalume roofs. This study examines the impact of natural fibre coatings combined with epoxy on galvalume roofs in reducing the thermal conductivity of the roofing material, which in turn will decrease room temperature. Data were collected by applying a mixture of natural fibres and epoxy on top of galvalume roofs, then measuring the temperature around and inside a small room with dimensions of 50 cm x 50 cm. The roof type was varied using natural fibres, including Pandanus tectorius, Fimbristylis globulosa, pineapple leaf (Ananas comosus), and banana fronds (Musa paradisiaca). In addition to thermal conductivity testing, temperature measurements inside and around the room were conducted, along with temperature tests using a thermal imaging camera. The study shows that adding natural fibre mixed with banana fronds on galvalume roofs can reduce the highest thermal conductivity value by 8.88 W/m °C. Banana fronds also demonstrated the highest capability to lower room temperature by 3.2 °C. The study concludes that natural fibres can reduce thermal conductivity in roofs and lower room temperatures.

天然纤维复合涂料是发展和改善屋面性能的良好选择。本研究考察了天然纤维涂料与环氧树脂结合在galgalme屋顶上对降低屋顶材料导热性的影响，这反过来又会降低室温。收集数据的方法是将天然纤维和环氧树脂的混合物涂在galgalval屋顶上，然后测量一个尺寸为50厘米x 50厘米的小房间周围和内部的温度。屋顶类型采用天然纤维，包括Pandanus tectorius， fibristylis globulosa，凤梨叶（Ananas comosus）和香蕉叶（Musa paradisiaca）。除了导热性测试外，还进行了房间内部和周围的温度测量，并使用热成像摄像机进行了温度测试。研究表明，在屋面上添加天然纤维与香蕉叶混合，可使屋面最高导热系数降低8.88 W/m°C。香蕉叶还显示出将室温降低3.2°C的最高能力。该研究得出结论，天然纤维可以降低屋顶的导热性，降低室温。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of delamination resistance in CFRP laminates interleaved by thermoplastic nanoparticle: Evaluating toughening mechanisms in modes I and II 热塑性纳米粒子交错复合材料层压板抗分层能力的比较分析：评估模式 I 和模式 II 的增韧机制

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100518

Reza Mohammadi , R Akrami , Maher Assaad , Ahmed Imran , Mohammad Fotouhi

The study considers the delamination resistance of carbon/epoxy laminates modified with Thermoplastic Nanoparticles of Polysulfone (TNPs). A new electrospinning nanofiber technique was utilized to convert polysulfone polymer into nanoparticles and uniformly disperse them within the resin. Fracture toughness was evaluated under loading modes I and II. In mode I, the toughness (G_IC) increased significantly from 170 to 328 J/m² with TNPs incorporation. However, mode II showed minimal change, with G_IIC values of 955 J/m² for virgin and 950 J/m² for TNPs-modified specimens. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to depict the influence of TNPs on damage characteristics and crack propagation patterns. In mode I, crack deviation enhanced toughness as TNPs bypassed the PSU, while in mode II, cracks propagated through TNPs, resulting in particle smearing on the epoxy surface. This highlights TNPs' potential to modify the fracture toughness in mode I loading, but their effect is constrained in mode II loading scenarios.

本研究探讨了使用热塑性纳米聚砜粒子（TNPs）改性的碳/环氧层压板的抗分层性能。研究采用了一种新的电纺丝纳米纤维技术，将聚砜聚合物转化为纳米颗粒并均匀地分散在树脂中。在加载模式 I 和 II 下对断裂韧性进行了评估。在模式 I 中，加入 TNPs 后，韧性（GIC）从 170 J/m² 显著增加到 328 J/m²。然而，模式 II 的变化很小，原始试样的 GIIC 值为 955 J/m²，TNPs 改性试样的 GIIC 值为 950 J/m²。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）被用来描述 TNPs 对损伤特征和裂纹扩展模式的影响。在模式 I 中，由于 TNPs 绕过了 PSU，因此裂纹偏离增强了韧性；而在模式 II 中，裂纹通过 TNPs 传播，导致颗粒在环氧树脂表面涂抹。这凸显了 TNPs 在模式 I 加载中改变断裂韧性的潜力，但在模式 II 加载情况下，其作用受到限制。

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引用次数: 0

An integrated approach for prognosis of Remaining Useful Life for composite structures under in-plane compressive fatigue loading 平面压缩疲劳载荷下复合材料结构剩余使用寿命预测的综合方法

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100531

Ferda C. Gül, Morteza Moradi, Dimitrios Zarouchas

The prognostic of the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of composite structures remains a critical challenge as it involves understanding complex degradation behaviors while it is emerging for maintaining the safety and reliability of aerospace structures. As damage accumulation is the primary degradation indicator from the structural integrity point of view, a methodology that enables monitoring the damage mechanisms contributing to the structure's failure may facilitate a reliable and effective RUL prognosis. Therefore, in this study, an integrated methodology has been introduced by targeting the RUL and progressive delamination state via Deep Neural Network (DNN) trained with Guided wave-based damage indicators (GW-DIs). These GW-DIs are obtained via signal processing, Hilbert transform, and Continuous Wavelet Transform. This work uses GW-DIs to train and test the proposed model within two frameworks: one focusing on individual sample analysis to explore path dependency in RUL and delamination prognosis and another on an ensembled dataset to propose a generic model across varying stress scenarios. Results from the study indicate that proposed DNN frameworks are capable of encapsulating fast and slow degradation scenarios to evaluate the RUL prediction with associated delamination progress, which could contribute to ensuring the integrity and longevity of critical life-safe structures.

复合材料结构的剩余使用寿命（RUL）预测仍然是一项严峻的挑战，因为它涉及到对复杂降解行为的理解，同时也是维护航空航天结构安全性和可靠性的新兴技术。从结构完整性的角度来看，损伤累积是主要的降解指标，因此，一种能够监测导致结构失效的损伤机制的方法可促进可靠、有效的 RUL 预报。因此，本研究引入了一种综合方法，通过使用基于导波的损伤指标（GW-DIs）训练的深度神经网络（DNN），以 RUL 和渐进分层状态为目标。这些 GW-DIs 是通过信号处理、希尔伯特变换和连续小波变换获得的。这项工作使用 GW-DIs 在两个框架内对所提出的模型进行训练和测试：一个框架侧重于单个样本分析，以探索 RUL 和分层预报中的路径依赖性；另一个框架侧重于集合数据集，以提出跨越不同应力场景的通用模型。研究结果表明，所提出的 DNN 框架能够囊括快速和慢速降解情景，以评估 RUL 预测和相关分层进展，从而有助于确保关键安全结构的完整性和使用寿命。

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引用次数: 0

Multiscale finite element procedure to predict the effective elastic properties of woven composites 预测编织复合材料有效弹性特性的多尺度有限元程序

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100539

Lyazid Bouhala, Samet Ozyigit, Abdelghani Laachachi, Ahmed Makradi

This paper integrates numerical and experimental approaches to predict the mechanical properties of a woven composite with carbon fiber-based fabrics. Initially, a multiscale modeling approach based on the finite element method ascertained the micro-scale properties of the composite tows, taking into account the effect of voids present in the epoxy resin. Subsequently, a meso-scale model was built and employed to predict the mechanical properties of the composite at this scale. The representative volume elementary (RVE) was generated using TexGen software, and was then imported and used by Abaqus software to compute the effective mechanical properties. Lastly, a macro-scale model of a composite beam was created, simulating a three-point bending test using the effective mechanical properties obtained previously. Concurrently, a physical counterpart of the composite beam was manufactured and subjected to a laboratory three-point bending test, measuring the flexural modulus and many other parameters. A comparison of the two sets of results revealed a high degree of consistency.

本文综合运用数值方法和实验方法来预测碳纤维基织物编织复合材料的机械性能。首先，基于有限元法的多尺度建模方法确定了复合材料丝束的微尺度特性，并考虑了环氧树脂中存在的空隙的影响。随后，建立了中尺度模型，用于预测复合材料在此尺度下的机械性能。使用 TexGen 软件生成了代表性体积基元（RVE），然后导入 Abaqus 软件用于计算有效机械性能。最后，创建了复合材料梁的宏观模型，利用之前获得的有效力学性能模拟了三点弯曲试验。同时，还制造了复合材料梁的实物，并在实验室进行了三点弯曲试验，测量了弯曲模量和许多其他参数。两组结果的比较显示出高度的一致性。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation and modelling of the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive-manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (CF-PET). 对添加剂制造的碳纤维增强聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（CF-PET）的非线性蠕变行为进行实验研究和建模。

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100530

Silas Z. Gebrehiwot , Leonardo Espinosa-Leal , Paula Linderbäck , Heikki Remes

In this paper, the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive-manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (CF-PET) is characterised using experimental, theoretical and computational methods. The experimental approach investigates the influence of infill orientations on the creep deformation of the material. For the study, samples at 0°, 45^○, and 90° infill orientations are produced with 90% infill density using fused filament fabrication (FFF). The infill orientation parameter highly influences the creep behaviour. Increasing the infill orientation from 0° to 90° monotonically improves the creep resistance of the material, which can be explained by orientation of the fibre-matrix reinforcement towards the uniaxial stresses. Surface examinations of creep-ruptured samples via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal that a combination of matrix failure, fibre pull-out, fibre-matrix debonding, inter-layer debonding, and the presence of voids cause the fractures. Based on the experimental data, the primary and secondary creep responses are modelled theoretically and computationally. The theoretical model is based on the dependence of the material's creep on stress and time parameters at the transient and steady state stages. Combined stress and time functions are used to model the creep of the material. Parallelly, two-dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) analyses are made on COMSOL Multiphysics to model the creep computationally. The approach is based on the superposition of Norton's and Garofalo's creep models with predefined time hardening property. The results of the modelling are in good agreement with the experimental findings, showing a maximum of 1.04 % for the theoretical, and 2.9 % for the computational approaches.

本文采用实验、理论和计算方法对添加剂制造的碳纤维增强聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（CF-PET）的非线性蠕变行为进行了表征。实验方法研究了填充方向对材料蠕变变形的影响。在研究中，采用熔融长丝制造（FFF）技术，以 90% 的填充密度生产出 0°、45° 和 90°填充方向的样品。填充方向参数对蠕变行为有很大影响。将填充取向从 0°增加到 90°，材料的抗蠕变性就会单调地提高，这可以用纤维-基质加固材料对单轴应力的取向来解释。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对蠕变破裂样品进行的表面检查显示，基体破坏、纤维拉出、纤维基体脱胶、层间脱胶和空隙的存在共同导致了断裂。根据实验数据，对一次和二次蠕变反应进行了理论和计算建模。理论模型基于材料蠕变在瞬态和稳态阶段对应力和时间参数的依赖性。结合应力和时间函数来模拟材料的蠕变。同时，在 COMSOL Multiphysics 上进行二维（2D）有限元（FE）分析，以建立蠕变计算模型。该方法基于 Norton 和 Garofalo 蠕变模型与预定义时间硬化特性的叠加。建模结果与实验结果非常吻合，理论方法的最大值为 1.04%，计算方法的最大值为 2.9%。

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引用次数: 0

Lightweight 3D-printed heaters: design and applicative versatility 轻质 3D 打印加热器：设计和应用多样性

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100527

Francesca Aliberti , Andrea Sorrentino , Barbara Palmieri , Luigi Vertuccio , Giuseppe De Tommaso , Roberto Pantani , Liberata Guadagno , Alfonso Martone

This paper proposes a new strategy for designing a 3D-printed heater that can overcome some criticalities of current commercial heater devices for application in the transport and energy sectors. A semiconductive nanocomposite material, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene filled with carbon nanotubes (ABS-CNT), was processed via Fused Filaments Fabrication (FFF). The printing was set to favor the current flow along the printing direction, consequently increasing the material's electrical conductivity. 3D-printed heater geometry, equivalent to several electrical resistances (resistive branches) connected in parallel, was optimized by varying the width, thickness, lengths, and number of branches. The adopted approach resulted in a flexible and scalable low-equivalent resistance value heater. Moreover, the optimized heater's flexibility allows it to be integrated into a curved fiberglass composite. Joule heating tests were experimentally performed and theoretically simulated by a multi-physics model. The numerical prediction resulted in good agreement with the experimental data. The results encourage the application of 3D-printed heaters as functional patches for the thermal management of different devices/components, including complex-shape composite structures.

本文提出了一种设计三维打印加热器的新策略，这种加热器可以克服当前商业加热器设备的一些关键问题，应用于交通和能源领域。通过熔融长丝制造技术（FFF）加工了一种半导体纳米复合材料--填充碳纳米管的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS-CNT）。打印设置有利于电流沿打印方向流动，从而提高材料的导电性。通过改变宽度、厚度、长度和分支数量，对 3D 打印加热器的几何形状进行了优化，该加热器相当于几个并联的电阻（电阻分支）。所采用的方法产生了一种灵活、可扩展的低等效电阻值加热器。此外，经过优化的加热器还具有灵活性，可以将其集成到曲面玻璃纤维复合材料中。焦耳加热试验是通过多物理场模型进行实验和理论模拟的。数值预测结果与实验数据十分吻合。研究结果鼓励将三维打印加热器作为功能性贴片应用于不同设备/组件（包括复杂形状的复合结构）的热管理。

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引用次数: 0