Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) and shares similarities with the other Orthopoxviruses . This review aimed to explore the morphology of MPXV, clinical manifestations, and mitigation strategies in the developing nations. Clinically, MPXV resembles smallpox. It has an unidentified natural host, despite it has been isolated from the rope squirrels and Sooty mangabeys . Transmission occurs through the respiratory excretions, saliva, contact with lesions, and potentially via the feces. The disease comprises a prodromal phase and subsequent skin rash. Originating in 1959 following a monkey outbreak in Copenhagen's research institute; the initial human case was documented in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The virus subsequently dispersed globally; impacting several nations such as UK, USA, Israel, and Singapore. Thus, in addition to the healthcare infrastructure, combating monkeypox in the developing countries requires bolstering the disease surveillance, public awareness, diagnostic capabilities, and vaccination campaigns. Sustainable international collaboration and extensive scientific investigations are crucial for safeguarding the public health and preventing further spread of this viral disease.
{"title":"Monkeypox: Insights into virus morphology, clinical manifestations, and mitigation strategies in developing nations","authors":"Ram Khadka, Khimdhoj Karki, Gautam Chaudhary, Jitendra Pandey","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2023.313345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2023.313345","url":null,"abstract":"Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) and shares similarities with the other Orthopoxviruses . This review aimed to explore the morphology of MPXV, clinical manifestations, and mitigation strategies in the developing nations. Clinically, MPXV resembles smallpox. It has an unidentified natural host, despite it has been isolated from the rope squirrels and Sooty mangabeys . Transmission occurs through the respiratory excretions, saliva, contact with lesions, and potentially via the feces. The disease comprises a prodromal phase and subsequent skin rash. Originating in 1959 following a monkey outbreak in Copenhagen's research institute; the initial human case was documented in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The virus subsequently dispersed globally; impacting several nations such as UK, USA, Israel, and Singapore. Thus, in addition to the healthcare infrastructure, combating monkeypox in the developing countries requires bolstering the disease surveillance, public awareness, diagnostic capabilities, and vaccination campaigns. Sustainable international collaboration and extensive scientific investigations are crucial for safeguarding the public health and preventing further spread of this viral disease.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135763118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2023.307215
Malathi H, Pooja Sharma
The purpose of this review article was to provide a concise overview of the current researches on the topic of in-situ microbial remediation of heavy metals (HM) in the industrial wastewater. Due to the ever-expanding industrial sector; groundwater contamination by HM is a global environmental crisis. Heavy metals; environmental pollution, and the adaptive mechanisms that allow the bacteria to thrive in the metal-contaminated environments, have all been linked to the dramatic shifts in the microbial diversity, which are observed during the microbial restoration. It has been suggested that in situ bioremediation (ISB) can help with the emerging contamination problems; as the bacteria can be used to clean up the polluted areas. In the future, the researchers should pay more attention to the assessment methodologies for determining the success of remediation using ISB technology. Bio-remediation is only effective if the polluted area is properly characterized; the appropriate microbial species is chosen, and the harmful metals are easily accessible for absorption. This new technology uses bacteria to remove the harmful metals from the environment at a low cost. This study analyzes the effectiveness of bioremediation using microorganisms; using unique methodologies and integrated assessment methods. In addition to providing an overview of ISB for pollutant(s) elimination; this review is useful for comprehending the primary functions of microorganisms in this process.
{"title":"Exploring the microbial dynamics for heavy metals bioremediation in the industrial wastewater treatment: A critical review","authors":"Malathi H, Pooja Sharma","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2023.307215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2023.307215","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this review article was to provide a concise overview of the current researches on the topic of in-situ microbial remediation of heavy metals (HM) in the industrial wastewater. Due to the ever-expanding industrial sector; groundwater contamination by HM is a global environmental crisis. Heavy metals; environmental pollution, and the adaptive mechanisms that allow the bacteria to thrive in the metal-contaminated environments, have all been linked to the dramatic shifts in the microbial diversity, which are observed during the microbial restoration. It has been suggested that in situ bioremediation (ISB) can help with the emerging contamination problems; as the bacteria can be used to clean up the polluted areas. In the future, the researchers should pay more attention to the assessment methodologies for determining the success of remediation using ISB technology. Bio-remediation is only effective if the polluted area is properly characterized; the appropriate microbial species is chosen, and the harmful metals are easily accessible for absorption. This new technology uses bacteria to remove the harmful metals from the environment at a low cost. This study analyzes the effectiveness of bioremediation using microorganisms; using unique methodologies and integrated assessment methods. In addition to providing an overview of ISB for pollutant(s) elimination; this review is useful for comprehending the primary functions of microorganisms in this process.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43747336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2023.305463
S. Mannai, N. Benfradj, N. Boughalleb-M’hamdi
Apple decline, which is responsible for seedlings root and collar rot in the nurseries, is a serious disease that causes reduction in apple plant production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the regional and seasonal distribution of the fungi and Oomycetes, which were associated with the apple decline disease in the Tunisian nurseries. In this study, surveys were conducted from autumn, 2015 to summer, 2016. Apple plants were sampled to detect and quantify the inoculum density of these pathogens. Based on the morphological characteristics; two Fusarium and two Pythiaceae spp. were obtained. The most dominant species were F. oxysporum (33.9 %); Pythium ultimum (33.05 %), F. solani (16.95 %), and Phytopythium mercuriale (16.1 %). Results of the seasonal variation showed that Fusarium spp. and Pythiaceae populations had peaked in June. The populations of F. oxysporum and F. solani were significantly and positively correlated to temperature. In relation to the soil physicochemical characteristics; the Pearson correlation showed that the population of P. ultimum was positively related to the nitrogen (N) content (r = 0.59); sand (r= 0.82), organic matter (r = 0.85), and organic carbon (r = 0.84). However, this species was negatively correlated with the silt content (r = -0.79); clay (r = -0.84), and electrical conductivity (r = - 0.74). The Phytopythium mercuriale population was positively correlated with nitrogen content (r = 0.64), and negatively correlated with soil pH (r = -0.62); clay content (r = -0.47), and silt (r = -0.54).
{"title":"Regional and seasonal variation of Fusarium and Oomycetes species associated with apple seedlings decline in Tunisian nurseries","authors":"S. Mannai, N. Benfradj, N. Boughalleb-M’hamdi","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2023.305463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2023.305463","url":null,"abstract":"Apple decline, which is responsible for seedlings root and collar rot in the nurseries, is a serious disease that causes reduction in apple plant production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the regional and seasonal distribution of the fungi and Oomycetes, which were associated with the apple decline disease in the Tunisian nurseries. In this study, surveys were conducted from autumn, 2015 to summer, 2016. Apple plants were sampled to detect and quantify the inoculum density of these pathogens. Based on the morphological characteristics; two Fusarium and two Pythiaceae spp. were obtained. The most dominant species were F. oxysporum (33.9 %); Pythium ultimum (33.05 %), F. solani (16.95 %), and Phytopythium mercuriale (16.1 %). Results of the seasonal variation showed that Fusarium spp. and Pythiaceae populations had peaked in June. The populations of F. oxysporum and F. solani were significantly and positively correlated to temperature. In relation to the soil physicochemical characteristics; the Pearson correlation showed that the population of P. ultimum was positively related to the nitrogen (N) content (r = 0.59); sand (r= 0.82), organic matter (r = 0.85), and organic carbon (r = 0.84). However, this species was negatively correlated with the silt content (r = -0.79); clay (r = -0.84), and electrical conductivity (r = - 0.74). The Phytopythium mercuriale population was positively correlated with nitrogen content (r = 0.64), and negatively correlated with soil pH (r = -0.62); clay content (r = -0.47), and silt (r = -0.54).","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42189705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2023.304309
Anugrah Masih, Ashutosh Kumar Singh
Biofilm is the protective coating that the bacteria use to thrive in their environment without being damaged by radiation or the effects of antibiotics. Nosocomial infections that are often caused by biofilms have been demonstrated to be very challenging to cure because of their complicated molecular structure and resistance to antibiotics. Biofilms of bacteria that form on the medical equipment pose a risk to patients and facilitate the transmission of infection. Progress has been made in eliminating bacterial biofilms by combining bacteriophage with antibiotics for a synergistic impact and employing the phage-lysin efficiently. The aim of this study was to explore the potential efficacy of phages and lysins alone and/ or in conjunction with antibiotics to combating biofilm conformation and eradication. This review article is broadly divided into two parts; the first section focused on molecular mechanism of biofilm formation and risk of bacterial biofilms in the hospital settings. The second part of the review is giving an insight on bacteriophage derived lytic protein-endolysin, which has emerged as a potential alternative to eliminate bacterial biofilms, and should be explored to combat infections caused by them.
{"title":"Bacteriophage endolysins and their role in eradication of bacterial biofilms","authors":"Anugrah Masih, Ashutosh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2023.304309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2023.304309","url":null,"abstract":"Biofilm is the protective coating that the bacteria use to thrive in their environment without being damaged by radiation or the effects of antibiotics. Nosocomial infections that are often caused by biofilms have been demonstrated to be very challenging to cure because of their complicated molecular structure and resistance to antibiotics. Biofilms of bacteria that form on the medical equipment pose a risk to patients and facilitate the transmission of infection. Progress has been made in eliminating bacterial biofilms by combining bacteriophage with antibiotics for a synergistic impact and employing the phage-lysin efficiently. The aim of this study was to explore the potential efficacy of phages and lysins alone and/ or in conjunction with antibiotics to combating biofilm conformation and eradication. This review article is broadly divided into two parts; the first section focused on molecular mechanism of biofilm formation and risk of bacterial biofilms in the hospital settings. The second part of the review is giving an insight on bacteriophage derived lytic protein-endolysin, which has emerged as a potential alternative to eliminate bacterial biofilms, and should be explored to combat infections caused by them.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49396697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2023.303798
Gebeyehu Y. Mengstie, Zewdu T. Awlachew, Atsede M. Degefa
Faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) is an important legume that is frequently produced in the highlands of Ethiopia. However, the production of faba bean in this country is limited by the chocolate spot disease caused by Botrytis fabae . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Chryseobacterium strain GY04; Chryseobacterium proteolyticum GY05, and Pseudomonas chlororaphis GY07 on chocolate spot disease management; faba bean growth promotion, and improvement of the yield-related parameters under field conditions. All the three rhizobacteria significantly reduced the incidence and severity of chocolate spot disease in both tested varieties ( i.e ., Local and Dosha), compared with the control. In both faba bean varieties, the highest disease incidence reduction (%) was observed on the plot treated by P. chlororaphis GY07; recording 73.07 % and 75.86 % in the Local and Dosha varieties, respectively. In terms of disease severity, inoculation of P. chlororaphis GY07 in the Local and Dosha varieties resulted in an 84.3 % and 81.5 % reduction in the disease severity, respectively. All the three tested rhizobacterial strains caused growth parameters enhancement with different potentials. In both faba bean varieties, the highest growth promotion was observed on the plot treated with P. chlororaphis GY07, followed by Chryseobacterium strain GY04, and Chryseobacterium proteolyticum GY05. All of the rhizobacteria had a significant enhancement potential on the number of pods per plant and grains weight, compared to the un-inoculated treatment. The results of this study give a clue that these rhizobacterial strains may be used as biocontrol agents for chocolate spot diseases, and as bio-inoculants for enhancement of faba bean production.
{"title":"Bio-control of Chocolate spot disease of Faba bean using potential rhizobacterial strains under field conditions in Northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Gebeyehu Y. Mengstie, Zewdu T. Awlachew, Atsede M. Degefa","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2023.303798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2023.303798","url":null,"abstract":"Faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) is an important legume that is frequently produced in the highlands of Ethiopia. However, the production of faba bean in this country is limited by the chocolate spot disease caused by Botrytis fabae . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Chryseobacterium strain GY04; Chryseobacterium proteolyticum GY05, and Pseudomonas chlororaphis GY07 on chocolate spot disease management; faba bean growth promotion, and improvement of the yield-related parameters under field conditions. All the three rhizobacteria significantly reduced the incidence and severity of chocolate spot disease in both tested varieties ( i.e ., Local and Dosha), compared with the control. In both faba bean varieties, the highest disease incidence reduction (%) was observed on the plot treated by P. chlororaphis GY07; recording 73.07 % and 75.86 % in the Local and Dosha varieties, respectively. In terms of disease severity, inoculation of P. chlororaphis GY07 in the Local and Dosha varieties resulted in an 84.3 % and 81.5 % reduction in the disease severity, respectively. All the three tested rhizobacterial strains caused growth parameters enhancement with different potentials. In both faba bean varieties, the highest growth promotion was observed on the plot treated with P. chlororaphis GY07, followed by Chryseobacterium strain GY04, and Chryseobacterium proteolyticum GY05. All of the rhizobacteria had a significant enhancement potential on the number of pods per plant and grains weight, compared to the un-inoculated treatment. The results of this study give a clue that these rhizobacterial strains may be used as biocontrol agents for chocolate spot diseases, and as bio-inoculants for enhancement of faba bean production.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48795818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2023.300633
Dalia G. Ali, Gamal F. M. Gad, Osman A. O. Ismail, Hala R. Ahmed, Reham A. Ibrahem
Proteus spp. are widely distributed opportunistic pathogens that can cause various human infections. A total of 361 clinical specimens were obtained from patients who were attending to different hospitals in El-Minia governorate, Egypt. Approximately 23 % of the samples belong to Proteus spp. isolates which were obtained from various clinical sources. After biochemical identification, 42.1 % of isolates were found to belong to Proteus vulgaris and 57.8 % to P. mirabilis . The urine samples collected from catheterized patients represented 32.6 % of all the clinical specimens, and the majority of the recorded isolates were Proteus spp. The antibacterial sensitivity of the Proteus spp. was examined using 16 different antibiotics from various families. The most effective antibiotics were Amikacin; Levofloxacin, and Meropenem, recording 68.6 %, 66.2 %, and 62.2 % of the isolates sensitivity to each of these antibiotics, respectively. Using the ureR -based PCR, 48 % of the isolates were identified as P. mirabilis . Moreover, the Qnr genes ( i.e ., qnrA , qnrB , qnrS , qnrD , and qnrC ) and the aac (6')- Ib-cr gene had been identified in 40 % of P. mirabilis isolates. The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of Proteus spp. in El-Minia, Egypt; determine the antibacterial susceptibility pattern of these isolates, and characterize the PMQR genes in Proteus spp. Quinolone resistance in P. mirabilis isolates might have been brought on by mechanisms other than qnr and aac (6')-Ib genes. Finally, since Proteus spp. are widespread in the environment; healthcare facilities must uphold stringent sanitation standards to reduce the incidence of the nosocomial infections.
{"title":"Prevalence and characterization of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Proteus species isolated from different patients","authors":"Dalia G. Ali, Gamal F. M. Gad, Osman A. O. Ismail, Hala R. Ahmed, Reham A. Ibrahem","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2023.300633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2023.300633","url":null,"abstract":"Proteus spp. are widely distributed opportunistic pathogens that can cause various human infections. A total of 361 clinical specimens were obtained from patients who were attending to different hospitals in El-Minia governorate, Egypt. Approximately 23 % of the samples belong to Proteus spp. isolates which were obtained from various clinical sources. After biochemical identification, 42.1 % of isolates were found to belong to Proteus vulgaris and 57.8 % to P. mirabilis . The urine samples collected from catheterized patients represented 32.6 % of all the clinical specimens, and the majority of the recorded isolates were Proteus spp. The antibacterial sensitivity of the Proteus spp. was examined using 16 different antibiotics from various families. The most effective antibiotics were Amikacin; Levofloxacin, and Meropenem, recording 68.6 %, 66.2 %, and 62.2 % of the isolates sensitivity to each of these antibiotics, respectively. Using the ureR -based PCR, 48 % of the isolates were identified as P. mirabilis . Moreover, the Qnr genes ( i.e ., qnrA , qnrB , qnrS , qnrD , and qnrC ) and the aac (6')- Ib-cr gene had been identified in 40 % of P. mirabilis isolates. The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of Proteus spp. in El-Minia, Egypt; determine the antibacterial susceptibility pattern of these isolates, and characterize the PMQR genes in Proteus spp. Quinolone resistance in P. mirabilis isolates might have been brought on by mechanisms other than qnr and aac (6')-Ib genes. Finally, since Proteus spp. are widespread in the environment; healthcare facilities must uphold stringent sanitation standards to reduce the incidence of the nosocomial infections.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42891577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2023.294180
Abeer Muazi Alenazi, Y. Anwar, Salah E.M. Abo-Aba, Noor M. Bataweel
Actinomycetes (Actinobacteria) are Gram-positive bacteria that grow in a variety of environments and have a filamentous shape similar to fungi. The actinomycetes distinguish themselves morphologically by forming a layer of hyphae that carry chains of spores. The aim of this study was to update the recent developments related to the actinomycetes. Streptomyces ; as an actinomycete, is known for producing a number of bioactive secondary metabolites, including anti-tumour agents; antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, anti-hypertension drugs, and immunosuppressives. In order to compete with other microorganisms, including those of the same genera, Streptomyces species produce several secondary metabolites. However, despite the discovery of antibiotics, the infectious diseases remain the second-leading cause of death worldwide. Each year, around 17 million people die from bacterial infections; mainly children and the elderly. In addition to the overuse of antibiotics, a key factor contributing to antibiotic resistance is self-medication, which reduces the lifespan of antibiotics.
{"title":"A review on Actinomycetes distribution, isolation, and their medical applications","authors":"Abeer Muazi Alenazi, Y. Anwar, Salah E.M. Abo-Aba, Noor M. Bataweel","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2023.294180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2023.294180","url":null,"abstract":"Actinomycetes (Actinobacteria) are Gram-positive bacteria that grow in a variety of environments and have a filamentous shape similar to fungi. The actinomycetes distinguish themselves morphologically by forming a layer of hyphae that carry chains of spores. The aim of this study was to update the recent developments related to the actinomycetes. Streptomyces ; as an actinomycete, is known for producing a number of bioactive secondary metabolites, including anti-tumour agents; antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, anti-hypertension drugs, and immunosuppressives. In order to compete with other microorganisms, including those of the same genera, Streptomyces species produce several secondary metabolites. However, despite the discovery of antibiotics, the infectious diseases remain the second-leading cause of death worldwide. Each year, around 17 million people die from bacterial infections; mainly children and the elderly. In addition to the overuse of antibiotics, a key factor contributing to antibiotic resistance is self-medication, which reduces the lifespan of antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49125055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-11DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2023.294938
Sherien E. Sobhy, Dalia G. Aseel, Essam-Eldeen M. Abo-Kassem, Nasser A. Sewelam, Khalil M. Saad-Allah, Marwa A. Samy, Elsayed E. Hafez
Biotic and abiotic stress factors drastically limit plant growth and productivity through changing the physiological, biochemical, and cellular processes. In this study, 100 mM of lead (Pb) was used as an abiotic stress source, while Fusarium graminearum represented a biotic one on wheat plant. Compared to the control, Pb treatment and F. graminearum inoculation led to remarkable reductions in the wheat seedlings leaf area that reached 21 %, and 12.5 %, respectively. Moreover, the current results showed an enhanced activity of Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) that reached 173 % in the stressed wheat grains and seedlings, decreased mineral contents in N -3 , P +3 , K + , and Ca +2 in the shoot
{"title":"Priming of wheat plant with weed extracts, calcium and salicylic acid for contribution to alleviating the oxidative stress imposed by Fusarium graminearum and lead toxicity","authors":"Sherien E. Sobhy, Dalia G. Aseel, Essam-Eldeen M. Abo-Kassem, Nasser A. Sewelam, Khalil M. Saad-Allah, Marwa A. Samy, Elsayed E. Hafez","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2023.294938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2023.294938","url":null,"abstract":"Biotic and abiotic stress factors drastically limit plant growth and productivity through changing the physiological, biochemical, and cellular processes. In this study, 100 mM of lead (Pb) was used as an abiotic stress source, while Fusarium graminearum represented a biotic one on wheat plant. Compared to the control, Pb treatment and F. graminearum inoculation led to remarkable reductions in the wheat seedlings leaf area that reached 21 %, and 12.5 %, respectively. Moreover, the current results showed an enhanced activity of Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) that reached 173 % in the stressed wheat grains and seedlings, decreased mineral contents in N -3 , P +3 , K + , and Ca +2 in the shoot","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44869136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2023.293196
Souvik Roy, D. Shaw, Tiyasha Sarkar, Lopamudra Choudhury
While the super-swift escalation of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microbial strains is a great matter of public health concern; however, mycotoxins are not to be forgotten as well. According to the statistical analyses, mycotoxins contaminate up to 25 % of the world’s food supply and contribute to a substantial amount of food spoilage. These toxins, which are secondary metabolites of certain species of pathogenic fungi, are responsible for a variety of adverse health effects that range from acute food poisoning to long-term effects, such as cancer; pregnancy disruption, and immunodeficiency. Although fermented foods have been consumed since time immemorial, in the 21 st century, they are gaining immense popularity owing to their numerous health benefits. However, it should be noted that mycotoxin-infested fermented food is not uncommon, due to the use of poor-quality starter microbial cultures for fermentation and/or other improper practices; thus making this mycotoxin-infested fermented food an important food safety issue. However, due to the recent developments in food processing and the advent of very sophisticated and precise techniques, such as immunoassay and chromatography analysis, which are used to detect these mycotoxins, detecting their presence has become easier. This review aimed to address several aspects pertaining to mycotoxins, including their predominant types and producer fungi; their harmful effects, methods of sampling and extraction from fermented foods, and their detection and analysis techniques, in addition to the methods used to mitigate those.
{"title":"Mycotoxins in fermented foods: A comprehensive review","authors":"Souvik Roy, D. Shaw, Tiyasha Sarkar, Lopamudra Choudhury","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2023.293196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2023.293196","url":null,"abstract":"While the super-swift escalation of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microbial strains is a great matter of public health concern; however, mycotoxins are not to be forgotten as well. According to the statistical analyses, mycotoxins contaminate up to 25 % of the world’s food supply and contribute to a substantial amount of food spoilage. These toxins, which are secondary metabolites of certain species of pathogenic fungi, are responsible for a variety of adverse health effects that range from acute food poisoning to long-term effects, such as cancer; pregnancy disruption, and immunodeficiency. Although fermented foods have been consumed since time immemorial, in the 21 st century, they are gaining immense popularity owing to their numerous health benefits. However, it should be noted that mycotoxin-infested fermented food is not uncommon, due to the use of poor-quality starter microbial cultures for fermentation and/or other improper practices; thus making this mycotoxin-infested fermented food an important food safety issue. However, due to the recent developments in food processing and the advent of very sophisticated and precise techniques, such as immunoassay and chromatography analysis, which are used to detect these mycotoxins, detecting their presence has become easier. This review aimed to address several aspects pertaining to mycotoxins, including their predominant types and producer fungi; their harmful effects, methods of sampling and extraction from fermented foods, and their detection and analysis techniques, in addition to the methods used to mitigate those.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49556415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2023.291832
Radhika R Baheti, J. Mahore, V. Patole
This review aimed to present the various approaches that have been used to protect the probiotics from the toxic effects of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) during oral delivery. A microbiota is a collection of trillions of microorganisms that live within the human body and form an ecosystem that is complex, adaptive, and unique to each organ. The probiotics have varied applications and exhibit side effects; as a result, they have been employed as food supplements with both therapeutic and prophylactic effects on disorders of the gastric and non-gastric regions. The significant contribution of probiotics to the maintenance of health has expanded the scope of their use in advanced research areas. A significant number of microorganisms will survive and thrive in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT); even after being exposed to several toxic substances such as bile salts and acids. Prevention of probiotics from the harmful effects of gastric acid and other enzymatic barriers, in addition to their delivery to the the intestinal region, has been a great challenge. The new approaches designed for probiotic therapies work on stabilizing the probiotics through several mechanisms; leading to a significant number of probiotics that are available after passing through the various GI barriers, in addition to showing the desired therapeutic and/ or prophylactic effects. A brief critique of the health effects of probiotics, issues associated with their delivery, and the various formulation strategies employed to improve the probiotic transport are provided in the current review.
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