Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2023.287177
E. Hefzy, Reda M. Taha, Safaa Abd El Salam, Abdelrhman Abdelmoktader, Mahmoud A.F. Khalil
Human infections induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. pneumoniae ) include pneumonia; urinary tract infections, liver abscesses, bacteremia, and others. The introduction and spread of the hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) strains have raised the number of persons who are already susceptible to infections, including those who are healthy or immune-compromised. Infections can occur worldwide; however, they are particularly prevalent in the Asia-Pacific area. Virulence plasmids as well as other conjugal components contain the genetic material that gives hvKp its hypervirulence phenotype. Although the vast majority of hvKp isolates are antibiotic-susceptible, the incidence of virulent as well as resistant isolates, such as carbapenem-resistant hvKp isolates, is continuously growing. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and increased virulence of these strains may be the cause of the subsequent clinical crisis. This study aimed to review and analyse the epidemiology, the factors associated with hypervirulence, and the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of the hvKp strains in order to provide a better understanding of the basic biology of these strains.
{"title":"Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: Epidemiology, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance","authors":"E. Hefzy, Reda M. Taha, Safaa Abd El Salam, Abdelrhman Abdelmoktader, Mahmoud A.F. Khalil","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2023.287177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2023.287177","url":null,"abstract":"Human infections induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. pneumoniae ) include pneumonia; urinary tract infections, liver abscesses, bacteremia, and others. The introduction and spread of the hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) strains have raised the number of persons who are already susceptible to infections, including those who are healthy or immune-compromised. Infections can occur worldwide; however, they are particularly prevalent in the Asia-Pacific area. Virulence plasmids as well as other conjugal components contain the genetic material that gives hvKp its hypervirulence phenotype. Although the vast majority of hvKp isolates are antibiotic-susceptible, the incidence of virulent as well as resistant isolates, such as carbapenem-resistant hvKp isolates, is continuously growing. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and increased virulence of these strains may be the cause of the subsequent clinical crisis. This study aimed to review and analyse the epidemiology, the factors associated with hypervirulence, and the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of the hvKp strains in order to provide a better understanding of the basic biology of these strains.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45070385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2023.280475
Wafa H. Alamshani, F. Al-Sarraj, Mashail A. Algamdi
Each year, millions of people worldwide suffer from urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are the second most common type of infection in the human body. An infection of the urinary tract (UTI) affects the urinary bladder, kidneys, and or urethra. In order to eliminate the urine from the body, it passes through these organs. However, most UTIs are caused by the uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia , making treatment more difficult. Recurrent UTIs can be effectively treated with long-term antibiotics; however, they can have several adverse side effects, and sometimes they may generate antibiotic-resistant strains. Due to these downsides, alternative remedies based on plant extracts are increasingly being considered for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections, particularly in the context of a synergistic antibiotic strategy. There are many medicinal benefits of the pomegranate ( Punica granatum ) plant that makes it to be known as a wonder fruit. Pomegranates are the predominant species that belong to the family Lythraceae . Due to its extensive range of bioactive compounds, the diverse parts of this P. granatum plant exhibit significant pharmacological activities. The bioactive compounds of this plant have been shown to possess several antioxidants; anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and many other biological effects. Consequently, the purpose of this review was to highlight the inhibitory potential of P. granatum extracts on E. coli and K. pneumonia pathogens, to be used in the effective management of UTIs.
{"title":"The inhibitory effect of Punica granatum on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia Extended spectrum β-lactamase strains","authors":"Wafa H. Alamshani, F. Al-Sarraj, Mashail A. Algamdi","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2023.280475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2023.280475","url":null,"abstract":"Each year, millions of people worldwide suffer from urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are the second most common type of infection in the human body. An infection of the urinary tract (UTI) affects the urinary bladder, kidneys, and or urethra. In order to eliminate the urine from the body, it passes through these organs. However, most UTIs are caused by the uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia , making treatment more difficult. Recurrent UTIs can be effectively treated with long-term antibiotics; however, they can have several adverse side effects, and sometimes they may generate antibiotic-resistant strains. Due to these downsides, alternative remedies based on plant extracts are increasingly being considered for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections, particularly in the context of a synergistic antibiotic strategy. There are many medicinal benefits of the pomegranate ( Punica granatum ) plant that makes it to be known as a wonder fruit. Pomegranates are the predominant species that belong to the family Lythraceae . Due to its extensive range of bioactive compounds, the diverse parts of this P. granatum plant exhibit significant pharmacological activities. The bioactive compounds of this plant have been shown to possess several antioxidants; anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and many other biological effects. Consequently, the purpose of this review was to highlight the inhibitory potential of P. granatum extracts on E. coli and K. pneumonia pathogens, to be used in the effective management of UTIs.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43177757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2022.276738
Simiat O. Jimoh, Semirah A. Sanusi, Farouq A. Olaogun, Ramot B. Badmos-Oladapo, Kifayat O. Asafa-Adedimeji
Isoprene, synthesized through two complementary biosynthetic routes known as the mevalonate (MVA) pathway and the deoxy-xylulose phosphate pathway, is a valuable monomer that is used for rubber and several other chemical industries. Despite the recent interest in the industrial and biomedical applications of isoprene and its derivatives, the complexity of controlling its chemical synthesis due to the formation of greenhouse gases is a significant problem. To overcome the productivity and yield challenges, in addition to generating environmental and economic benefits, this study aimed to focus on the direct fermentation of cellulosic materials into bioisoprene. In this study, bioisoprene was synthesized via a biotransformation process through enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava peel using Aspergillus niger 11JK and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 19KB strain. The mevalonate (MVA) pathway (synthetic route) exploited during bioisoprene production by S. cerevisiae 19KB strain was investigated using the hydrolyzed cassava peel broth. The obtained crude extract was analyzed for bioisoprene yield and enzymatic activities using Gas chromatography. Furthermore, results of the size exclusion chromatography revealed the presence of polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzymes (e.g., amylase and cellulase), and mevalonate pathway enzymes, including isoprene synthase, mevalonate-5-diphosphate decarboxylase, and isopentyl phosphate kinase, in addition to isoprene, mevalonic acid (MVA), and its isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). Based on the results obtained in this study, bioisoprene synthesis via direct fermentation of cheap and abundant carbon sources such as cassava peel using the S. cerevisiae 19KB strain will overcome the high production costs and low yield challenges of bioisoprene, thus generating significant environmental and economic benefits.
{"title":"Mevalonate pathway analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during bioisoprene synthesis","authors":"Simiat O. Jimoh, Semirah A. Sanusi, Farouq A. Olaogun, Ramot B. Badmos-Oladapo, Kifayat O. Asafa-Adedimeji","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2022.276738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2022.276738","url":null,"abstract":"Isoprene, synthesized through two complementary biosynthetic routes known as the mevalonate (MVA) pathway and the deoxy-xylulose phosphate pathway, is a valuable monomer that is used for rubber and several other chemical industries. Despite the recent interest in the industrial and biomedical applications of isoprene and its derivatives, the complexity of controlling its chemical synthesis due to the formation of greenhouse gases is a significant problem. To overcome the productivity and yield challenges, in addition to generating environmental and economic benefits, this study aimed to focus on the direct fermentation of cellulosic materials into bioisoprene. In this study, bioisoprene was synthesized via a biotransformation process through enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava peel using Aspergillus niger 11JK and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 19KB strain. The mevalonate (MVA) pathway (synthetic route) exploited during bioisoprene production by S. cerevisiae 19KB strain was investigated using the hydrolyzed cassava peel broth. The obtained crude extract was analyzed for bioisoprene yield and enzymatic activities using Gas chromatography. Furthermore, results of the size exclusion chromatography revealed the presence of polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzymes (e.g., amylase and cellulase), and mevalonate pathway enzymes, including isoprene synthase, mevalonate-5-diphosphate decarboxylase, and isopentyl phosphate kinase, in addition to isoprene, mevalonic acid (MVA), and its isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). Based on the results obtained in this study, bioisoprene synthesis via direct fermentation of cheap and abundant carbon sources such as cassava peel using the S. cerevisiae 19KB strain will overcome the high production costs and low yield challenges of bioisoprene, thus generating significant environmental and economic benefits.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49487421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-08DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2022.273230
Basma T. Abd-Elhalim
{"title":"Moringa oleifera leaf as a natural water purifier and causes decontamination of fecal-coliform bacteria","authors":"Basma T. Abd-Elhalim","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2022.273230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2022.273230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43405074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2022.276319
Heba Ahmed Mohamed, Gamal Fadl Mahmoud Gad, Mona Fattouh Mohamed, Hend Harby Ahmed, Ameer Effat Elfarash, Nahed Fathallah Fahmy
Acinetobacter baumannii has recently been known as a major cause of hospital- and community-acquired infections. Carbapenem resistant A. baumanni (CRAB) has been recorded to be resistant to nearly all antibiotics, including the last resort antibiotics; carbapenems. This study aimed to detect the carbapenem resistance levels and mechanisms, in addition to the genotyping of A. baumanni in Upper Egypt. About 200 clinical samples were collected from different wards of Sohag University Hospital, Egypt, from which 20 A. baumannii isolates were recovered and then identified using conventional methods and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out using the Disk diffusion method, followed by PCR testing of the common carbapenemase-encoding genes, including OXA-51 , OXA-58 , KPC , GES , IMP , NDM
{"title":"Genotyping of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Egyptian patients","authors":"Heba Ahmed Mohamed, Gamal Fadl Mahmoud Gad, Mona Fattouh Mohamed, Hend Harby Ahmed, Ameer Effat Elfarash, Nahed Fathallah Fahmy","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2022.276319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2022.276319","url":null,"abstract":"Acinetobacter baumannii has recently been known as a major cause of hospital- and community-acquired infections. Carbapenem resistant A. baumanni (CRAB) has been recorded to be resistant to nearly all antibiotics, including the last resort antibiotics; carbapenems. This study aimed to detect the carbapenem resistance levels and mechanisms, in addition to the genotyping of A. baumanni in Upper Egypt. About 200 clinical samples were collected from different wards of Sohag University Hospital, Egypt, from which 20 A. baumannii isolates were recovered and then identified using conventional methods and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out using the Disk diffusion method, followed by PCR testing of the common carbapenemase-encoding genes, including OXA-51 , OXA-58 , KPC , GES , IMP , NDM","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47722292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2022.272044
Amira H. El-Ashry, Rasha H. El-Mahdy, Mohammad A. Gaballah, Rania Talaat
Children with atopic dermatitis (AD) have a higher prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus colonization. Gentamicin is an important topical antibiotic that is used in the treatment of AD lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gentamicin resistance, Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL), and Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec ) type in community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), which colonizes the skin of the AD children. Gentamicin resistance in CA-MRSA isolates was detected using the E-test. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to test the genes for aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs), PVL, and SCC mec types of CA-MRSA isolates. A total of 29 isolates of CA-MRSA were obtained from the skin lesions of 100 patients, and a high prevalence of gentamicin resistance (79.3 %) was detected among these isolates. The most predominant AME gene among the gentamicin resistant isolates was aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia . However, the PVL gene was detected in 14 (48.3 %) of the isolates. Both gentamicin resistance and PVL were significantly associated with a high SCORAD score. SCC mec type V (31 %) was most common among the CA-MRSA isolates. This study revealed a high prevalence of gentamicin resistance among MRSA that colonises the skin of AD, with the aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia
{"title":"Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and Gentamicin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among children with atopic dermatitis in Egypt","authors":"Amira H. El-Ashry, Rasha H. El-Mahdy, Mohammad A. Gaballah, Rania Talaat","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2022.272044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2022.272044","url":null,"abstract":"Children with atopic dermatitis (AD) have a higher prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus colonization. Gentamicin is an important topical antibiotic that is used in the treatment of AD lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gentamicin resistance, Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL), and Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec ) type in community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), which colonizes the skin of the AD children. Gentamicin resistance in CA-MRSA isolates was detected using the E-test. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to test the genes for aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs), PVL, and SCC mec types of CA-MRSA isolates. A total of 29 isolates of CA-MRSA were obtained from the skin lesions of 100 patients, and a high prevalence of gentamicin resistance (79.3 %) was detected among these isolates. The most predominant AME gene among the gentamicin resistant isolates was aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia . However, the PVL gene was detected in 14 (48.3 %) of the isolates. Both gentamicin resistance and PVL were significantly associated with a high SCORAD score. SCC mec type V (31 %) was most common among the CA-MRSA isolates. This study revealed a high prevalence of gentamicin resistance among MRSA that colonises the skin of AD, with the aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49062794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2022.267424
Amal Nasser Alahmari, Shahira A. Hassoubah, Bothaina Ali Alaidaroos
Drug-resistant bacteria are considered to be a substantial risk to the public health. In recent years, a significant number of researches have focused on the marine environment as a promising, and underexplored source of compounds with remarkable bioactivities that might contribute to the battle against superbugs. The Red Sea environment is one of the richest and most interesting sources of natural products, which are widely used either in medicinal and/or nutritional fields. Furthermore, several studies have reported that marine sponges and their associated microorganisms; mostly bacteria, are abundant producers of bioactive compounds such as secondary metabolites. This mini-review aimed to discuss tens of secondary metabolites of various chemical classes that were generated by a variety of bacterial phyla associated with marine sponges, including Actinobacteria , Proteobacteria , Firmicutes , Bacteroidetes , and Cyanobacteria. Numerous secondary metabolites with antibacterial or antifungal efficacy have been recovered from marine bacteria derived from sponges; they have been used as potential sources of antimicrobial compounds and might be promising sources that can be exploited in the future for several pharmaceutical purposes.
{"title":"Sponges-associated marine bacteria as sources of antimicrobial compounds","authors":"Amal Nasser Alahmari, Shahira A. Hassoubah, Bothaina Ali Alaidaroos","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2022.267424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2022.267424","url":null,"abstract":"Drug-resistant bacteria are considered to be a substantial risk to the public health. In recent years, a significant number of researches have focused on the marine environment as a promising, and underexplored source of compounds with remarkable bioactivities that might contribute to the battle against superbugs. The Red Sea environment is one of the richest and most interesting sources of natural products, which are widely used either in medicinal and/or nutritional fields. Furthermore, several studies have reported that marine sponges and their associated microorganisms; mostly bacteria, are abundant producers of bioactive compounds such as secondary metabolites. This mini-review aimed to discuss tens of secondary metabolites of various chemical classes that were generated by a variety of bacterial phyla associated with marine sponges, including Actinobacteria , Proteobacteria , Firmicutes , Bacteroidetes , and Cyanobacteria. Numerous secondary metabolites with antibacterial or antifungal efficacy have been recovered from marine bacteria derived from sponges; they have been used as potential sources of antimicrobial compounds and might be promising sources that can be exploited in the future for several pharmaceutical purposes.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44000616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2022.261973
Fatma Ahmed Abdel Aziz, Gamal Fadl Mahmoud Gad, Ahmed Mohamed Kamal El Shafei, Reham Ali Ibrahem
Ocular infections caused by bacterial sources are a global health issue that can damage the construction of the eye, and lead to disability. The goals of this study were to look at the bacterial species causing conjunctivitis, as well as their antibacterial susceptibility patterns. In addition to emphasizing on detecting the predominance of certain virulence genes of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Methicillin Resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (MR-CoNS), which are known to cause conjunctivitis. In this study, several swabs of bacterial conjunctivitis were sampled from patients who attended to the Ophthalmology department, Minia University and Malawi Ophthalmology hospital, Egypt. A total of 200 eye swab samples were analyzed over the entire period of the study. Results showed that about 133 eye swab samples expressed growth of about 147 pathogenic bacterial spp. The predominant isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (44.89 %), followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococci (29.9 %). On the contrary, Esherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus sp., Streptococcus pneumonia , Klebsiella sp., and Haemophilus influenza e, were the least detected bacterial spp. Most of the bacterial isolates tested in this study exhibited high resistance to Amoxacillin-Clavulanic, Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, Cefotaxime, and Cefoperazone. Using Cefoxitin, results of the phenotypic test predicted that 40.9 % of the Staphylococcal spp. were MRSA, and 23.6 % were MR-CoNS. The Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to explore the presence of several bacterial pathogenicity genes, including MecA , PVL , icaA , icaD , and Hla in the MRSA and in MRCoNS. Results of the PCR revealed that all MRSA and MR-CoNS had MecA , icaA , and icaD genes, whereas 28.9 % of the MRSA had PVL and Hla . However, no isolate of MR-CoNS recorded the presence of the PVL or HLa genes. This study showed that prevalence of the bacterial eye conjunctivitis has increased with MRSA dominance. All the MRSA possessed at least the icaA , and icaD virulence genes beside the MecA gene, which confirm their roles in the pathogenesis of conjunctivitis.
{"title":"Bacterial conjunctivitis: microbiological profile and molecular characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci isolated from Minia governorate, Egypt","authors":"Fatma Ahmed Abdel Aziz, Gamal Fadl Mahmoud Gad, Ahmed Mohamed Kamal El Shafei, Reham Ali Ibrahem","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2022.261973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2022.261973","url":null,"abstract":"Ocular infections caused by bacterial sources are a global health issue that can damage the construction of the eye, and lead to disability. The goals of this study were to look at the bacterial species causing conjunctivitis, as well as their antibacterial susceptibility patterns. In addition to emphasizing on detecting the predominance of certain virulence genes of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Methicillin Resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (MR-CoNS), which are known to cause conjunctivitis. In this study, several swabs of bacterial conjunctivitis were sampled from patients who attended to the Ophthalmology department, Minia University and Malawi Ophthalmology hospital, Egypt. A total of 200 eye swab samples were analyzed over the entire period of the study. Results showed that about 133 eye swab samples expressed growth of about 147 pathogenic bacterial spp. The predominant isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (44.89 %), followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococci (29.9 %). On the contrary, Esherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus sp., Streptococcus pneumonia , Klebsiella sp., and Haemophilus influenza e, were the least detected bacterial spp. Most of the bacterial isolates tested in this study exhibited high resistance to Amoxacillin-Clavulanic, Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, Cefotaxime, and Cefoperazone. Using Cefoxitin, results of the phenotypic test predicted that 40.9 % of the Staphylococcal spp. were MRSA, and 23.6 % were MR-CoNS. The Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to explore the presence of several bacterial pathogenicity genes, including MecA , PVL , icaA , icaD , and Hla in the MRSA and in MRCoNS. Results of the PCR revealed that all MRSA and MR-CoNS had MecA , icaA , and icaD genes, whereas 28.9 % of the MRSA had PVL and Hla . However, no isolate of MR-CoNS recorded the presence of the PVL or HLa genes. This study showed that prevalence of the bacterial eye conjunctivitis has increased with MRSA dominance. All the MRSA possessed at least the icaA , and icaD virulence genes beside the MecA gene, which confirm their roles in the pathogenesis of conjunctivitis.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41987767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2022.260288
B. Ojiego, Obianuju P. Ilo, F. Dantanko, Shauibu A. Abdullahi, Ibrahim M. K. Gadzama, P. Bolorunduro, Elijah Ekah Ella, Gideon I Ogu
Plastic packaging materials constitute a major potential environmental pollutant due to their slow degradation rates. This study aimed to isolate the plastic-degrading bacteria from the solid waste dumpsites of Abuja, Nigeria. Soil samples (n= 72) and plastic materials (bottles and bags) were collected from the dumpsites using soil augers and manual picking, respectively. Bacteriological analysis of the soil samples revealed the recovery of a total of 54 bacterial isolates, which were distributed among the genera of; Proteus sp. (33.3 %), Providencia sp. (29.63 %), Pseudomonas sp. (16.67 %), Bacillus sp. (9.26 %), Micrococcus sp. (5.56 %), Escherichia coli (1.85 %), Enterobacter sp. (1.85 %), and Serratia sp. (1.85 %). The bacterial isolates were inoculated into a series of shake flasks containing nutrient broth and pre-sterilized strips (1×1 cm) of plastic bags (0.05-0.0514 g) and plastic bottles (0.05-0.0529 g), and then incubated at 30 o C for 60 d to monitor their biodegradation using the weight loss method. The strips of bottles (0.58-49.00 %) were more susceptible to biodegradation than the plastic bags (0.78-15.40 %) after 60 d of incubation. The results demonstrated that about 6 of the bacterial isolates belong to the two genera of Proteus sp. and Providencia spp., and were considered the best bio-degraders. Molecular characterization of these potent isolates has identified them as Proteus mirabilis strain PPB3 (49.00 %), Proteus mirabilis strain UPMSD3 (32.07 %), Proteus mirabilis strain HH133 (20.41 %), Proteus mirabilis strain SSBIKEN (15.40 %), Providencia vermicola strain M4 (14.96 %), and Providencia vermicola strain 11 (12.20 %). These strains could be considered as potential biodegradation agents for the plastic materials that are prevalent in dumpsites.
{"title":"Biodegradation of plastic materials obtained from solid waste dumpsites in Nigeria, using native bacterial strains","authors":"B. Ojiego, Obianuju P. Ilo, F. Dantanko, Shauibu A. Abdullahi, Ibrahim M. K. Gadzama, P. Bolorunduro, Elijah Ekah Ella, Gideon I Ogu","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2022.260288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2022.260288","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic packaging materials constitute a major potential environmental pollutant due to their slow degradation rates. This study aimed to isolate the plastic-degrading bacteria from the solid waste dumpsites of Abuja, Nigeria. Soil samples (n= 72) and plastic materials (bottles and bags) were collected from the dumpsites using soil augers and manual picking, respectively. Bacteriological analysis of the soil samples revealed the recovery of a total of 54 bacterial isolates, which were distributed among the genera of; Proteus sp. (33.3 %), Providencia sp. (29.63 %), Pseudomonas sp. (16.67 %), Bacillus sp. (9.26 %), Micrococcus sp. (5.56 %), Escherichia coli (1.85 %), Enterobacter sp. (1.85 %), and Serratia sp. (1.85 %). The bacterial isolates were inoculated into a series of shake flasks containing nutrient broth and pre-sterilized strips (1×1 cm) of plastic bags (0.05-0.0514 g) and plastic bottles (0.05-0.0529 g), and then incubated at 30 o C for 60 d to monitor their biodegradation using the weight loss method. The strips of bottles (0.58-49.00 %) were more susceptible to biodegradation than the plastic bags (0.78-15.40 %) after 60 d of incubation. The results demonstrated that about 6 of the bacterial isolates belong to the two genera of Proteus sp. and Providencia spp., and were considered the best bio-degraders. Molecular characterization of these potent isolates has identified them as Proteus mirabilis strain PPB3 (49.00 %), Proteus mirabilis strain UPMSD3 (32.07 %), Proteus mirabilis strain HH133 (20.41 %), Proteus mirabilis strain SSBIKEN (15.40 %), Providencia vermicola strain M4 (14.96 %), and Providencia vermicola strain 11 (12.20 %). These strains could be considered as potential biodegradation agents for the plastic materials that are prevalent in dumpsites.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47922738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-11DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2022.259019
Ahmed M.F.A., Shaheen S.I., EL-Fiki I.A.I., Ahmed M.S.M.
In this study, several bio-agents, including Trichoderma album , T. hamatum , T. harzianum and T. viride ; prepared as suspensions at a concentration of 30×10 6 conidia/ ml, in addition to bio-fungicides, such as Plant Guard ( T. harzianum , 30×10 6 ) and Bio-zeid ( T. album , 10×10 6 ), demonstrated significant in vitro and in vivo antagonistic efficacies against certain soil-borne fungal pathogens, which cause root rot diseases of cantaloupe plants during the growing seasons of 2019/ 2020 and 2020/ 2021. In the in vitro assays, T. harzianum caused a significant reduction of the pathogens' radial mycelial growth, including Rhizoctona solani , Phytophthora spp., Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum by 79.69 %, followed by T. viride (76.26 %), and T. album (70.82 %), respectively. On the other hand, T. hamatum expressed the least antagonistic potential and decreased the pathogens' growth by 66.01 % only. In vivo assay results showed that applying inocula of 1 l/100 l water/ Feddan of the biocontrol agents against the cantaloupe root rot pathogens significantly reduced the disease incidence, which recorded the highest reduction percentages of 79.66 % and 77.07 % by T. harzianum , during the two growing seasons of 2019/ 2020 and 2020/ 2021, respectively. Moreover, these applied bio-agents promoted the growth parameters and chemical components of the cantaloupe plants significantly, including percentage of the total soluble solids, total phenol content, protein, nitrogen, ascorbic acid, and total sugars, thus increasing the crop yield. The current work aimed to reduce the use of toxic chemical fungicides during the agriculture process, to produce safe food of high quality and quantity, and to find the most suitable bio-agent that has the ability to protect and control the cantaloupe plants against the soil-borne fungal diseases under the impact of climate change.
{"title":"Efficacy of Trichoderma species as bio-control agents to control root rot disease of Cantaloupe plants under the impact of climate change","authors":"Ahmed M.F.A., Shaheen S.I., EL-Fiki I.A.I., Ahmed M.S.M.","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2022.259019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2022.259019","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, several bio-agents, including Trichoderma album , T. hamatum , T. harzianum and T. viride ; prepared as suspensions at a concentration of 30×10 6 conidia/ ml, in addition to bio-fungicides, such as Plant Guard ( T. harzianum , 30×10 6 ) and Bio-zeid ( T. album , 10×10 6 ), demonstrated significant in vitro and in vivo antagonistic efficacies against certain soil-borne fungal pathogens, which cause root rot diseases of cantaloupe plants during the growing seasons of 2019/ 2020 and 2020/ 2021. In the in vitro assays, T. harzianum caused a significant reduction of the pathogens' radial mycelial growth, including Rhizoctona solani , Phytophthora spp., Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum by 79.69 %, followed by T. viride (76.26 %), and T. album (70.82 %), respectively. On the other hand, T. hamatum expressed the least antagonistic potential and decreased the pathogens' growth by 66.01 % only. In vivo assay results showed that applying inocula of 1 l/100 l water/ Feddan of the biocontrol agents against the cantaloupe root rot pathogens significantly reduced the disease incidence, which recorded the highest reduction percentages of 79.66 % and 77.07 % by T. harzianum , during the two growing seasons of 2019/ 2020 and 2020/ 2021, respectively. Moreover, these applied bio-agents promoted the growth parameters and chemical components of the cantaloupe plants significantly, including percentage of the total soluble solids, total phenol content, protein, nitrogen, ascorbic acid, and total sugars, thus increasing the crop yield. The current work aimed to reduce the use of toxic chemical fungicides during the agriculture process, to produce safe food of high quality and quantity, and to find the most suitable bio-agent that has the ability to protect and control the cantaloupe plants against the soil-borne fungal diseases under the impact of climate change.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44396254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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