Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2021.190249
Sara M. Farag, Rasha A. Nasr, Nesma G. El Sheikh, M. Khattab
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) currently represents a major health emergency worldwide. Early recognition of severe forms of this virus is essential to align effective management and treatment strategies. Presepsin (PSP), the soluble cluster of differentiation (CD14) subtype; is a useful biomarker not only for early diagnosis of sepsis but also could be used as a predictive for the severity and mortality in septic patients, as well as in pneumonia. This study aimed to investigate the potential utility of PSP as a predictive indicator of disease severity in COVID-19 patients. A total of 42 COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this study and stratified into moderate and severe groups, in addition to 15 healthy patients as controls. The PSP levels were measured using Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) within 24 h (1 day) as well as on the 5 th day of admission to the Geriatrics hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, in addition to other relevant laboratory tests performed during the study period from July to October, 2020. Results showed that the PSP levels were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients compared to the controls ( p < 0.001), and were also noticeably elevated in severe group than in moderate group on the 1 st day 1 ( p = 0.008) and the 5 th day ( p = 0.003) of hospital admission. Significant correlation between PSP level and hospital stay (r = 0.332, p = 0.032) was detected; however, no significant correlation was recorded with the different laboratory parameters. For severity prediction, PSP revealed significant values for the 1 st day and the 5 th day (AUC 0.737; p = 0.003 and AUC 0.810; p < 0.001), respectively. Data obtained in this study suggested the potential utility of PSP as a predictive indicator of severity in COVID-19 patients, thus allowing for earlier identification of high-risk patients and those who will be hospitalized for longer periods.
{"title":"Presepsin as a predictive indicator of severity in Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)","authors":"Sara M. Farag, Rasha A. Nasr, Nesma G. El Sheikh, M. Khattab","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2021.190249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2021.190249","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) currently represents a major health emergency worldwide. Early recognition of severe forms of this virus is essential to align effective management and treatment strategies. Presepsin (PSP), the soluble cluster of differentiation (CD14) subtype; is a useful biomarker not only for early diagnosis of sepsis but also could be used as a predictive for the severity and mortality in septic patients, as well as in pneumonia. This study aimed to investigate the potential utility of PSP as a predictive indicator of disease severity in COVID-19 patients. A total of 42 COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this study and stratified into moderate and severe groups, in addition to 15 healthy patients as controls. The PSP levels were measured using Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) within 24 h (1 day) as well as on the 5 th day of admission to the Geriatrics hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, in addition to other relevant laboratory tests performed during the study period from July to October, 2020. Results showed that the PSP levels were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients compared to the controls ( p < 0.001), and were also noticeably elevated in severe group than in moderate group on the 1 st day 1 ( p = 0.008) and the 5 th day ( p = 0.003) of hospital admission. Significant correlation between PSP level and hospital stay (r = 0.332, p = 0.032) was detected; however, no significant correlation was recorded with the different laboratory parameters. For severity prediction, PSP revealed significant values for the 1 st day and the 5 th day (AUC 0.737; p = 0.003 and AUC 0.810; p < 0.001), respectively. Data obtained in this study suggested the potential utility of PSP as a predictive indicator of severity in COVID-19 patients, thus allowing for earlier identification of high-risk patients and those who will be hospitalized for longer periods.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48678021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2021.190245
Sareer ud Din, U. Shahbaz, S. Din, S. Siraj, A. Gul, A. Raziq, Asad Ullah, Muhammad Waseem Khan, H. Ullah
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected millions of people worldwide. Vaccines are urgently needed to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic and return to the pre-pandemic era. The aims of the current literature review were to discuss the administered vaccines andor those under trials, and to summarize the effectiveness of the available COVID-19 vaccines. Scientists worldwide have made extensive efforts for vaccine development in record time. Several vaccine candidates have been developed; where many of them have passed stage III clinical trials and have recorded positive results. About 18 vaccines candidates are currently in phase III clinical trial. Almost all the developing vaccine candidates have T cell response and detectable numbers of neutralizing antibodies. The most common vaccine side effects include; fever, chills, fatigue, headache, muscle and joint pains. The post stage III successful vaccines have been administered to individuals worldwide.
{"title":"Recent updates on effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines","authors":"Sareer ud Din, U. Shahbaz, S. Din, S. Siraj, A. Gul, A. Raziq, Asad Ullah, Muhammad Waseem Khan, H. Ullah","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2021.190245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2021.190245","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected millions of people worldwide. Vaccines are urgently needed to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic and return to the pre-pandemic era. The aims of the current literature review were to discuss the administered vaccines andor those under trials, and to summarize the effectiveness of the available COVID-19 vaccines. Scientists worldwide have made extensive efforts for vaccine development in record time. Several vaccine candidates have been developed; where many of them have passed stage III clinical trials and have recorded positive results. About 18 vaccines candidates are currently in phase III clinical trial. Almost all the developing vaccine candidates have T cell response and detectable numbers of neutralizing antibodies. The most common vaccine side effects include; fever, chills, fatigue, headache, muscle and joint pains. The post stage III successful vaccines have been administered to individuals worldwide.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46574277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2021.190251
Mai A. Mwaheb, Laila R. Abd Al Halim, Tarob A. Abdel-Baset, Nada F Hemeda
Nowadays, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) has become useful in the different application fields. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial potential of metalZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) against several bacterial and fungal strains including; Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 13753), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 8095), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC10662), Candida albicans (ATCC10231) and Aspergillus niger (AUMC3663). Results obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed that the NPs size was in the range of 35.143.7 nm. Images of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated the rod shape nature of the ZnO NPs, and the semi-spherical shapes of the Zn9.7TM0.3O NPs. The effect of different concentrations of ZnO NPs on the in vitro growth of the bacterial and fungal strains was evaluated using the agar well diffusion assay. Current results showed that Cd-ZnO NP recorded the highest antimicrobial potency; expressing inhibition zones diameter range of 1245 mm, while ZnO NPs demonstrated the least activity exhibiting inhibition zones diameter that ranged from 036 mm. Among all the examined ZnO-NPs, treatment of E. coli and Staph. aureus cells with Cd-ZnO proved to be the most effective in causing membrane leakage of reducing sugars, protein and DNA recording; 0.41 μg/ ml and 0.38 μg/ ml; 14.91 μg/ ml and 15.98 μg/ ml; 0.81 μg/ ml and 0.96 μg/ ml, respectively. This study emphasized that ZnO NPs could be used as alternative antimicrobial agents to control the bacterial and fungal pathogens. Manipulation of ZnO NPs is ecofriendly; as it reduces the use of the synthetic pesticides and chemical therapeutic agents, which pollute the environment. In the future, in vivo application of these NPs necessitates the proof that they have no phytotoxicity andor cytotoxicity.
{"title":"Comparative in vitro study of the antimicrobial activity of metal-ZnO nanoparticles against several bacterial and fungal pathogens","authors":"Mai A. Mwaheb, Laila R. Abd Al Halim, Tarob A. Abdel-Baset, Nada F Hemeda","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2021.190251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2021.190251","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) has become useful in the different application fields. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial potential of metalZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) against several bacterial and fungal strains including; Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 13753), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 8095), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC10662), Candida albicans (ATCC10231) and Aspergillus niger (AUMC3663). Results obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed that the NPs size was in the range of 35.143.7 nm. Images of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated the rod shape nature of the ZnO NPs, and the semi-spherical shapes of the Zn9.7TM0.3O NPs. The effect of different concentrations of ZnO NPs on the in vitro growth of the bacterial and fungal strains was evaluated using the agar well diffusion assay. Current results showed that Cd-ZnO NP recorded the highest antimicrobial potency; expressing inhibition zones diameter range of 1245 mm, while ZnO NPs demonstrated the least activity exhibiting inhibition zones diameter that ranged from 036 mm. Among all the examined ZnO-NPs, treatment of E. coli and Staph. aureus cells with Cd-ZnO proved to be the most effective in causing membrane leakage of reducing sugars, protein and DNA recording; 0.41 μg/ ml and 0.38 μg/ ml; 14.91 μg/ ml and 15.98 μg/ ml; 0.81 μg/ ml and 0.96 μg/ ml, respectively. This study emphasized that ZnO NPs could be used as alternative antimicrobial agents to control the bacterial and fungal pathogens. Manipulation of ZnO NPs is ecofriendly; as it reduces the use of the synthetic pesticides and chemical therapeutic agents, which pollute the environment. In the future, in vivo application of these NPs necessitates the proof that they have no phytotoxicity andor cytotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44732796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2021.190244
Prasanta Majumder, Shyamalendu Laskar, Aesha Zafna, M. Koul, Anudarsh P. Kalakumari, Pallavi A. Thomas
There was an outbreak of a new Coronavirus infection in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in late December 2019, which caused acute respiratory syndrome of unknown etiology. The World Health Organization (WHO) named the viral causal agent as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) or COVID-19, and declared this infection as a pandemic on the 11 th of March, 2020. The first case of COVID-19 infection in India was reported on late January, 2020, and since then the numbers of confirmed cases have been increasing; thus the government had announced total lockdown of all activities. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus experience mild to moderate respiratory illness, and recover without the need for special treatments. The elderly people and those with medical problems such as; cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease and cancer; are more likely to develop severe illness. Globally, corona virus cases rose to more than 500,000 for the first time on the 27 th of October, 2020. Within two weeks and since 30 th of October, 2020, COVID-19 cases had risen by almost 25 %, and about 400,000 daily cases were reported worldwide. The United States (US) was leading the global corona virus crisis with 8.9 million recorded infections and nearly 228,000 deaths worldwide. Asia had surpassed 10 million infections of the new corona virus on the 31 of October, 2020, and India reported an average of 48,000 cases daily with a total of 8 million cases. The aim of this review was to explore the epidemiological prevalence of COVID-19 in India along with age and gender stratified prevalence of this viral infection.
{"title":"Epidemiology of COVID-19 scenario in India","authors":"Prasanta Majumder, Shyamalendu Laskar, Aesha Zafna, M. Koul, Anudarsh P. Kalakumari, Pallavi A. Thomas","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2021.190244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2021.190244","url":null,"abstract":"There was an outbreak of a new Coronavirus infection in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in late December 2019, which caused acute respiratory syndrome of unknown etiology. The World Health Organization (WHO) named the viral causal agent as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) or COVID-19, and declared this infection as a pandemic on the 11 th of March, 2020. The first case of COVID-19 infection in India was reported on late January, 2020, and since then the numbers of confirmed cases have been increasing; thus the government had announced total lockdown of all activities. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus experience mild to moderate respiratory illness, and recover without the need for special treatments. The elderly people and those with medical problems such as; cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease and cancer; are more likely to develop severe illness. Globally, corona virus cases rose to more than 500,000 for the first time on the 27 th of October, 2020. Within two weeks and since 30 th of October, 2020, COVID-19 cases had risen by almost 25 %, and about 400,000 daily cases were reported worldwide. The United States (US) was leading the global corona virus crisis with 8.9 million recorded infections and nearly 228,000 deaths worldwide. Asia had surpassed 10 million infections of the new corona virus on the 31 of October, 2020, and India reported an average of 48,000 cases daily with a total of 8 million cases. The aim of this review was to explore the epidemiological prevalence of COVID-19 in India along with age and gender stratified prevalence of this viral infection.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68553783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2021.178298
Omnia A. Eltantawy, Amany M. Kamal, Lamyaa E. Allam, Nadia M. Elsheshtawy
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious infection of the endocardium and heart valves that necessitate early diagnosis. The conventional blood culture has lots of false-negative results besides being time consuming. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a rapid diagnostic tool that helps in saving the patients’ life. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of multiplex PCR in early diagnosis of IE compared to the conventional blood culture, and to evaluate its impact on IE diagnosis in cases of negative blood cultures. The current study was conducted on 30 patients admitted to the Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt, which were diagnosed clinically as infective endocarditis according to the modified Duke’s criteria. After processing of the patient's blood samples, the blood cultures recorded positivity in 5 cases (16.7 %). The most common recovered bacteria were, Staphylococcus aureus 2(6.7 %), Staphylococcus epidermedis 1(3.3 %), Enterococcus faecalis 1(3.3 %), and Escherichia coli 1(3.3 %); however, no other pathogens were isolated. On the other hand, results of multiplex PCR showed positivity in 13 cases (43.3 %), mainly; Staphylococcus aureus 5(16.7 %), E. faecalis 3(10 %), Staphylococcus epidermidis 2(6.7 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2(6.7 %), and E. coli 1(3.3 %). No other bacterial of fungal pathogens were detected by multiplex PCR. Finally, the multiplex PCR assay exhibited remarkable sensitivity and feasibility in IE diagnosis over blood culture, besides being a rapid and accurate diagnostic assay that enhances proper treatment.
{"title":"Role of multiplex PCR in the early diagnosis of infective endocarditis","authors":"Omnia A. Eltantawy, Amany M. Kamal, Lamyaa E. Allam, Nadia M. Elsheshtawy","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2021.178298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2021.178298","url":null,"abstract":"Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious infection of the endocardium and heart valves that necessitate early diagnosis. The conventional blood culture has lots of false-negative results besides being time consuming. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a rapid diagnostic tool that helps in saving the patients’ life. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of multiplex PCR in early diagnosis of IE compared to the conventional blood culture, and to evaluate its impact on IE diagnosis in cases of negative blood cultures. The current study was conducted on 30 patients admitted to the Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt, which were diagnosed clinically as infective endocarditis according to the modified Duke’s criteria. After processing of the patient's blood samples, the blood cultures recorded positivity in 5 cases (16.7 %). The most common recovered bacteria were, Staphylococcus aureus 2(6.7 %), Staphylococcus epidermedis 1(3.3 %), Enterococcus faecalis 1(3.3 %), and Escherichia coli 1(3.3 %); however, no other pathogens were isolated. On the other hand, results of multiplex PCR showed positivity in 13 cases (43.3 %), mainly; Staphylococcus aureus 5(16.7 %), E. faecalis 3(10 %), Staphylococcus epidermidis 2(6.7 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2(6.7 %), and E. coli 1(3.3 %). No other bacterial of fungal pathogens were detected by multiplex PCR. Finally, the multiplex PCR assay exhibited remarkable sensitivity and feasibility in IE diagnosis over blood culture, besides being a rapid and accurate diagnostic assay that enhances proper treatment.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42424583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2021.178310
Abdulnabi A. A. Matrood, A Rhouma
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) production has gone through increasing difficulties due to relatively low yields in the last few years in Iraq. Alternaria solani, the causal agent of eggplant early blight; attacks hybrid and local varieties either in open field or in the greenhouse, causing a serious damage that led to decrease in crop yield. The strategies employed to manage this disease by Iraqi farmers were the synthetic fungicides application. In this study, several assays were conducted such as poisoned food technique (in vitro assay) and greenhouse experiment (in vivo assay); to evaluate the inhibitory efficacy of 3 three synthetic fungicides including; Topas® 100 (penconazole), Tilt 250 (propiconazole) and Leimay® (amisulbrom) on A. solani mycelial growth and disease intensity. In laboratory assays, Topas® 100 and Tilt 250 exhibited high inhibitory activities against A. solani as an airborne pathogen; recording mycelial inhibition rate above 94 % at a concentration of 1000 mg l. Furthermore, these two fungicides when applied preventively in greenhouse assays reduced significantly the disease severity index (DSI) by 18.83 % and 26.16 %, respectively. Current results revealed that Topas® 100 and Tilt 250 caused the highest antifungal potential manifested through reduction rate of fresh weight (9.62 and 8.58 g, respectively), and dry weight (4.61 and 4.60 g, respectively). Moreover, both fungicides recorded the highest peroxidase activities of 4.128 units/g/ml/min. and 3.038 units/g/ml/min., respectively. Current findings can be used to assist the eggplant growers to improve the control of early blight disease, and increase the marketable yields of this crop.
{"title":"Efficacy of foliar fungicides on controlling early blight disease of Eggplant, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions","authors":"Abdulnabi A. A. Matrood, A Rhouma","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2021.178310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2021.178310","url":null,"abstract":"Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) production has gone through increasing difficulties due to relatively low yields in the last few years in Iraq. Alternaria solani, the causal agent of eggplant early blight; attacks hybrid and local varieties either in open field or in the greenhouse, causing a serious damage that led to decrease in crop yield. The strategies employed to manage this disease by Iraqi farmers were the synthetic fungicides application. In this study, several assays were conducted such as poisoned food technique (in vitro assay) and greenhouse experiment (in vivo assay); to evaluate the inhibitory efficacy of 3 three synthetic fungicides including; Topas® 100 (penconazole), Tilt 250 (propiconazole) and Leimay® (amisulbrom) on A. solani mycelial growth and disease intensity. In laboratory assays, Topas® 100 and Tilt 250 exhibited high inhibitory activities against A. solani as an airborne pathogen; recording mycelial inhibition rate above 94 % at a concentration of 1000 mg l. Furthermore, these two fungicides when applied preventively in greenhouse assays reduced significantly the disease severity index (DSI) by 18.83 % and 26.16 %, respectively. Current results revealed that Topas® 100 and Tilt 250 caused the highest antifungal potential manifested through reduction rate of fresh weight (9.62 and 8.58 g, respectively), and dry weight (4.61 and 4.60 g, respectively). Moreover, both fungicides recorded the highest peroxidase activities of 4.128 units/g/ml/min. and 3.038 units/g/ml/min., respectively. Current findings can be used to assist the eggplant growers to improve the control of early blight disease, and increase the marketable yields of this crop.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43274261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2021.178307
P. I. Orjiakor
Acrylates/acrylic-containing chemicals are components of paints. During industrial production and applications, the acrylates and acrylic-containing compounds could contaminate/accumulate in water bodies and soil systems, hence the need for bioremediation. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro biodegradation of acrylic based paint; using an indigenous bacterial isolate namely; Alcaligenes faecalis and optimization of its activity in shake cultures. The bacterial isolate; A. faecalis (2 % v/v) was able to grow and effectively degrade 68 % of acrylic paints (1 %)-mended mineral salt medium after 14 d of incubation. The rate of biodegradation was significantly (p < 0.05) increased with increasing the medium concentration, inoculum size, agitation speed and nitrogen sources. The most significant biodegradation efficiencies were obtained at a pH of 7.2, temperature of 37 °C, an agitation speed of 200 rpm, an inoculum concentration of 10 %, paint concentration of 2 %; when yeast extract (10 %) was used as a major nitrogen source. Accordingly, this work provides baseline data for optimum biodegradation of acrylate by A. faecalis, and thus could be possibly exploited as an effective bioremediation agent for acrylic paint polluted sites.
{"title":"Optimization of biodegradation efficacy of acrylic-based paint contaminated soil by Alcaligenes faecalis","authors":"P. I. Orjiakor","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2021.178307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2021.178307","url":null,"abstract":"Acrylates/acrylic-containing chemicals are components of paints. During industrial production and applications, the acrylates and acrylic-containing compounds could contaminate/accumulate in water bodies and soil systems, hence the need for bioremediation. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro biodegradation of acrylic based paint; using an indigenous bacterial isolate namely; Alcaligenes faecalis and optimization of its activity in shake cultures. The bacterial isolate; A. faecalis (2 % v/v) was able to grow and effectively degrade 68 % of acrylic paints (1 %)-mended mineral salt medium after 14 d of incubation. The rate of biodegradation was significantly (p < 0.05) increased with increasing the medium concentration, inoculum size, agitation speed and nitrogen sources. The most significant biodegradation efficiencies were obtained at a pH of 7.2, temperature of 37 °C, an agitation speed of 200 rpm, an inoculum concentration of 10 %, paint concentration of 2 %; when yeast extract (10 %) was used as a major nitrogen source. Accordingly, this work provides baseline data for optimum biodegradation of acrylate by A. faecalis, and thus could be possibly exploited as an effective bioremediation agent for acrylic paint polluted sites.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49043330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2021.178300
B. Behera, B. Sethi, S. Mohapatra, H. Thatoi, R. Mishra
Alkaline protease being active in neutral to alkaline pH has huge demands in food, detergent, leather and pharmaceutical industries. Its production from agro-industrial wastes not only lowers the production costs but also reduces the environmental problems. Hence, the present study aimed to search for new potential microbes, which can produce alkaline protease enzyme, to meet the industrial demands. In this study, 13 fungal spp. were isolated on potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) from mangrove soil through serial dilution, and then were streaked on the skim milk agar medium for qualitative screening of protease production. Out of 13 fungal spp.; only 7 spp. were able to produce proteolytic zones through the proteolytic assay. The Relative enzymatic index (REI) value (Zone diameter/Colony diameter) of all the fungal isolates that produced proteolytic zones on skim milk agar medium was evaluated. Only 2 fungal isolates which showed maximum REI value were selected, and then identified morphologically and molecularly as Trichoderma longibrachiatum (Accession no. MF144551) and by Penicillium rubidurum (Accession no. MF144561). Submerged fermentation was carried out using different agro industrial substrates to quantify for protease production, where the supernatants obtained were used for alkaline protease estimation. Among the different tested substrates, soybean powder and wheat bran were the most suitable substrates for maximum protease production by T. longibrachiatum (233.78±7.12 U/ mg) and P. rubidurum (228.61±11.13 U/ mg), respectively. The partial purified enzyme from these fungi showed maximum proteolytic potentials at pH 8.0 (P. rubidurum) and pH 9.0 (T. longibrachiatum), with optima temperature of 40 °C. Among the tested heavy metals, only Mn2+ expressed marginal enhancement of the protease enzyme activity.
{"title":"Bio-production of alkaline protease by Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Penicillium rubidurum using different agro-industrial products","authors":"B. Behera, B. Sethi, S. Mohapatra, H. Thatoi, R. Mishra","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2021.178300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2021.178300","url":null,"abstract":"Alkaline protease being active in neutral to alkaline pH has huge demands in food, detergent, leather and pharmaceutical industries. Its production from agro-industrial wastes not only lowers the production costs but also reduces the environmental problems. Hence, the present study aimed to search for new potential microbes, which can produce alkaline protease enzyme, to meet the industrial demands. In this study, 13 fungal spp. were isolated on potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) from mangrove soil through serial dilution, and then were streaked on the skim milk agar medium for qualitative screening of protease production. Out of 13 fungal spp.; only 7 spp. were able to produce proteolytic zones through the proteolytic assay. The Relative enzymatic index (REI) value (Zone diameter/Colony diameter) of all the fungal isolates that produced proteolytic zones on skim milk agar medium was evaluated. Only 2 fungal isolates which showed maximum REI value were selected, and then identified morphologically and molecularly as Trichoderma longibrachiatum (Accession no. MF144551) and by Penicillium rubidurum (Accession no. MF144561). Submerged fermentation was carried out using different agro industrial substrates to quantify for protease production, where the supernatants obtained were used for alkaline protease estimation. Among the different tested substrates, soybean powder and wheat bran were the most suitable substrates for maximum protease production by T. longibrachiatum (233.78±7.12 U/ mg) and P. rubidurum (228.61±11.13 U/ mg), respectively. The partial purified enzyme from these fungi showed maximum proteolytic potentials at pH 8.0 (P. rubidurum) and pH 9.0 (T. longibrachiatum), with optima temperature of 40 °C. Among the tested heavy metals, only Mn2+ expressed marginal enhancement of the protease enzyme activity.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42665542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.21608/nrmj.2021.178303
Nouran H. Assar, Aya allah T. Mohamed, Rehab M. Abd El-Baky, Reham Ali Ibrahem
The aims of this study were to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Bacillus subtilis supernatant, and to evaluate their in vitro antibacterial potential against human pathogens; namely Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Nanoparticles (NPs) are becoming popular in different fields of research, and are useful in combating vast number of microbial diseases. NPs may be artificially synthesized in vitro using chemical methods andor via extracellular metabolites produced by the bacterial strains. In the present study, biosynthesis of AgNPs was carried out in vitro using supernatants of B. subtilis. Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized through several physical methods. The recorded Z-average (d. nm) was 135.0 nm; with 99.2 % of the NPs displaying a hydrodynamic distance across of 188.0 nm (SD= 117.7). The polydispersity index was 0.246 and the Zetapotential value was 17.2 mV, which indicates good colloidal stability. Results of the Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation indicated that the particles were spherical in shape with an average size of 21.827.5 nm. The antibacterial efficacy of the AgNPs against Methicillin resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) and E. coli clinical isolates was evaluated in vitro using the agar well diffusion. The AgNPs demonstrated antibacterial potential against MRSA and E. coli isolates; recording 18 and 15 mm diameter of zones of inhibition, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be 142 μg/ ml, while the recorded minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 284 μg/ ml. The mode of action of the AgNPs was investigated using the Scanning electron microscope (SEM), which was recognized as bacterial cell lysis and elongation. Current data suggest an efficient biosynthesis of stable AgNPs by B. subtilis with remarkable antibacterial potential.
{"title":"Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Bacillus subtilis and their antibacterial activity against clinical bacterial species","authors":"Nouran H. Assar, Aya allah T. Mohamed, Rehab M. Abd El-Baky, Reham Ali Ibrahem","doi":"10.21608/nrmj.2021.178303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2021.178303","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of this study were to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Bacillus subtilis supernatant, and to evaluate their in vitro antibacterial potential against human pathogens; namely Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Nanoparticles (NPs) are becoming popular in different fields of research, and are useful in combating vast number of microbial diseases. NPs may be artificially synthesized in vitro using chemical methods andor via extracellular metabolites produced by the bacterial strains. In the present study, biosynthesis of AgNPs was carried out in vitro using supernatants of B. subtilis. Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized through several physical methods. The recorded Z-average (d. nm) was 135.0 nm; with 99.2 % of the NPs displaying a hydrodynamic distance across of 188.0 nm (SD= 117.7). The polydispersity index was 0.246 and the Zetapotential value was 17.2 mV, which indicates good colloidal stability. Results of the Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation indicated that the particles were spherical in shape with an average size of 21.827.5 nm. The antibacterial efficacy of the AgNPs against Methicillin resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) and E. coli clinical isolates was evaluated in vitro using the agar well diffusion. The AgNPs demonstrated antibacterial potential against MRSA and E. coli isolates; recording 18 and 15 mm diameter of zones of inhibition, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be 142 μg/ ml, while the recorded minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 284 μg/ ml. The mode of action of the AgNPs was investigated using the Scanning electron microscope (SEM), which was recognized as bacterial cell lysis and elongation. Current data suggest an efficient biosynthesis of stable AgNPs by B. subtilis with remarkable antibacterial potential.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45591742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.21608/NRMJ.2021.164549
R. EL-Nagar
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are still the most prevalent infections in health care facilities. The magnitude of the problem increased with the development of health care associated infections caused by Gram negative bacilli (GNB), which are resistant to Carbapenem antibiotics. This study aimed to assess the performance of various detection methods of carbapenemase-producing GNB; isolated from healthcare associated SSIs at different surgical units, Mansoura University Hospitals, Al- Dakahliya Governorate, Egypt. A total of 186 wound specimens were collected from patients showing symptoms and signs of SSIs; used for isolation of bacteria and then identification of these bacterial isolates according to colony morphology; microscopic examination and biochemical reactions. About 173 specimens were positive for bacterial pathogens; out of them 83 were GNB isolates. The most commonly isolated bacteria were; Klebsiella spp. 31 (37.3%), followed by Escherichia. coli 22 (26.5%), Pseudomonas. aeruginosa 17 (20.5%), Proteus spp. 10 (12.0%) and Enterobacter spp. 3 (3.6%). The antibacterial sensitivity testing of the total 178 bacterial isolates was assessed using the disc diffusion assay. Bacterial pathogens that were carbapenemase producers were tested using phenotypic, rapid colorimetric (Carba NP test) and genotypic methods. Among these isolated bacteria 31 (83.8%), 26 (70.3%) and 28 (75.7%) were carbapenem resistant; confirmed by MHT, Carba NP test and multiplex Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Continuous screening of the bacterial antimicrobial susceptibility at local level and rational use of the antibacterial agents; is essential to decrease the emergence and spread of resistant bacterial pathogens.
{"title":"Evaluating the performance of different detection methods of Carbapenemase producing Gram-negative bacilli isolated from surgical site infections","authors":"R. EL-Nagar","doi":"10.21608/NRMJ.2021.164549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/NRMJ.2021.164549","url":null,"abstract":"Surgical site infections (SSIs) are still the most prevalent infections in health care facilities. The magnitude of the problem increased with the development of health care associated infections caused by Gram negative bacilli (GNB), which are resistant to Carbapenem antibiotics. This study aimed to assess the performance of various detection methods of carbapenemase-producing GNB; isolated from healthcare associated SSIs at different surgical units, Mansoura University Hospitals, Al- Dakahliya Governorate, Egypt. A total of 186 wound specimens were collected from patients showing symptoms and signs of SSIs; used for isolation of bacteria and then identification of these bacterial isolates according to colony morphology; microscopic examination and biochemical reactions. About 173 specimens were positive for bacterial pathogens; out of them 83 were GNB isolates. The most commonly isolated bacteria were; Klebsiella spp. 31 (37.3%), followed by Escherichia. coli 22 (26.5%), Pseudomonas. aeruginosa 17 (20.5%), Proteus spp. 10 (12.0%) and Enterobacter spp. 3 (3.6%). The antibacterial sensitivity testing of the total 178 bacterial isolates was assessed using the disc diffusion assay. Bacterial pathogens that were carbapenemase producers were tested using phenotypic, rapid colorimetric (Carba NP test) and genotypic methods. Among these isolated bacteria 31 (83.8%), 26 (70.3%) and 28 (75.7%) were carbapenem resistant; confirmed by MHT, Carba NP test and multiplex Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Continuous screening of the bacterial antimicrobial susceptibility at local level and rational use of the antibacterial agents; is essential to decrease the emergence and spread of resistant bacterial pathogens.","PeriodicalId":34593,"journal":{"name":"Novel Research in Microbiology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41546060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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