Fundamental Research最新文献

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Spatial and seasonal dynamics of biogenic silica in a eutrophic marginal sea, the East China Sea 东海富营养化边缘海生物成因二氧化硅的空间和季节动态

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.07.005

Yating Li , Xinyuan Zhang , Danna Wang , Xin Liu , Kuanbo Zhou , Bangqin Huang , Minhan Dai , Zhimian Cao

Biogenic silica (BSi) is a key component of the marine silicon cycle, which is mainly driven by diatom metabolism notably contributing to primary production and export of particulate organic carbon (POC), particularly in ocean margins. Based on a large data set collected in the East China Sea (ECS), including BSi, fucoxanthin (Fuco), POC, and total suspended matter (TSM), we systematically explored the distribution and control of BSi in a typical eutrophic marginal sea. Spatially, BSi concentrations generally decreased from the shelf to the slope during all seasons, because the former is largely fed by river plumes and/or coastal currents enriched in nutrients favoring diatom growth. Abundant BSi was also observed in nearshore bottom waters probably influenced by sediment resuspension indicated by high TSM concentrations. Seasonally, BSi concentrations were on average higher in summer and autumn than in spring and winter, which reflects elevated diatom productivity during warm seasons. The BSi standing stock in the shallow water column of the ECS was significantly correlated with that of Fuco demonstrating diatoms’ dominant control on BSi dynamics. In addition, significant relationships between BSi and POC standing stocks were observed in summer and autumn, indicating the major role of diatoms in C fixation. By comparing with the northern South China Sea (NSCS), we suggested relatively small seasonal variability of BSi on the ECS shelf but significant decrease during cold seasons in the ECS slope. In the latter case, diatoms are ecologically and biogeochemically more important and more sensitive to the changing physical and/or chemical conditions than in the oligotrophic NSCS slope.

生物源二氧化硅（BSi）是海洋硅循环的关键组成部分，该循环主要由硅藻代谢驱动，特别是在海洋边缘，它有助于颗粒有机碳（POC）的初级生产和输出。基于东海海域的BSi、岩藻黄质（Fuco）、POC和总悬浮物（TSM）数据，系统探讨了典型富营养化边缘海BSi的分布及其控制。在空间上，BSi浓度在所有季节从陆架到坡面总体呈下降趋势，这是因为陆架主要由富含有利于硅藻生长的营养物的河流羽流和/或海岸流供给。在近岸底水也观察到大量的BSi，可能受到沉积物再悬浮的影响，表明TSM浓度较高。夏季和秋季的BSi浓度平均高于春季和冬季，反映了暖季硅藻生产力的提高。ECS浅水柱的BSi存量与Fuco显著相关，表明硅藻对BSi动态具有显性控制作用。此外，在夏季和秋季，BSi与POC林分存量呈显著相关，表明硅藻在碳固定中起主要作用。与南海北部相比，东大陆架BSi的季节变化相对较小，而东大陆架坡面BSi在寒冷季节显著减少。在后一种情况下，硅藻在生态和生物地球化学上比在贫营养NSCS斜坡中更重要，对变化的物理和/或化学条件更敏感。

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引用次数: 0

Symmetries and integrable systems 对称性和可积分系统

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.11.008

Sen-Yue Lou , Bao-Feng Feng

Symmetry plays key roles in modern physics especially in the study of integrable systems because of the existence of infinitely many local and nonlocal generalized symmetries. In addition to the fundamental role to find exact group invariant solutions via Lie point symmetries, some important new developments on symmetries and conservation laws are reviewed. The recursion operator method is important to find infinitely many local and nonlocal symmetries of (1 + 1)-dimensional integrable systems. In this paper, it is pointed out that a recursion operator may be obtained from one key symmetry, say, a residual symmetry. For (2 + 1)-dimensional integrable systems, the master-symmetry approach and the formal series symmetry method are reviewed. For the discrete systems, the symmetry related discrete KP hierarchy and the BKP hierarchy are also discussed. One believes that all the solutions of integrable models may be obtained by means of symmetry approach because the Darboux transformations and algebro-geometric solutions can be obtained from the localization of nonlocal symmetries and the symmetry constraint approach. The conservation laws are used to find higher dimensional integrable system from lower dimensional ones via a deformation algorithm. The ren variable, an extension of the Grassmann variable, are introduced to find novel aspect on integrable theory. The super-integrable theory and super-symmetric integrable theory are extended to ren integrable and ren-symmetric integrable theories.

由于存在无限多的局部和非局部广义对称，对称性在现代物理学特别是可积系统的研究中起着至关重要的作用。除了通过李点对称找到精确群不变解的基本作用外，还回顾了对称性和守恒律的一些重要新进展。递归算子法对于求（1 + 1）维可积系统的无穷多局部对称性和非局部对称性具有重要意义。本文指出了一个键对称，即残差对称，可以得到一个递归算子。对于（2 + 1）维可积系统，综述了主对称方法和形式级数对称方法。对于离散系统，还讨论了与对称相关的离散KP层次和BKP层次。人们认为所有可积模型的解都可以通过对称方法得到，因为非局部对称的局域化和对称约束方法可以得到Darboux变换和代数几何解。利用守恒定律通过变形算法从低维可积系统求高维可积系统。引入ren变量作为Grassmann变量的一种推广，为可积理论寻找新的方面。将超可积理论和超对称可积理论推广到任可积理论和任对称可积理论。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive understanding of fluorination-performance relationship: The best-performed A-D-A-type acceptors 全面理解氟化性能关系：性能最佳的A-D-A型受体

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.010

Yuanyuan Jiang , Wenli Su , Wenxuan Wang , Feng Liu , Wuyue Liu , Shengjie Xu , Wenkai Zhang , Jianhui Hou , Xiaozhang Zhu

Acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A)-type nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have contributed to an efficiency breakthrough in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the absence of an in-depth understanding of how to achieve high charge generation probability while guaranteeing low energy loss by molecular design has caused the stagnation of power conversion efficiency (PCE) in A-D-A-type acceptors. The fluorination strategy, as an effective approach to regulating molecular photoelectric and aggregation properties, can significantly affect device performance in OSCs. However, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between fluorination and photovoltaic performance has been scarcely investigated thus far. Herein, a series of A-D-A-type acceptors, named ZITI-N-nF (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, representing the number of fluorine atoms), were designed and synthesized to reveal the underlying work mechanism of OSCs with low energy loss and efficient charge generation via fine-tuning of the charge-transfer state. The results indicate that ZITI-N-6F-based devices exhibit impressive charge generation probability with low energy loss (E_loss) because of the reduced nonradiative recombination, thus leading to a high PCE of 16.11% in binary OSCs and a PCE of 17.09% in ternary OSCs. Notably, a PCE of 16.6% was verified by the National Institute of Metrology, China, which is the highest certified PCE among OSCs based on A-D-A-type NFAs.

受体-给体-受体（A-D-A）型非富勒烯受体（nfa）是有机太阳能电池（OSCs）效率突破的重要组成部分。然而，由于缺乏对如何通过分子设计实现高电荷产生概率同时保证低能量损失的深入了解，导致a -d - a型受体的功率转换效率（PCE）停滞不前。氟化策略作为调控分子光电和聚集特性的有效途径，对OSCs器件性能有显著影响。然而，到目前为止，对氟化与光伏性能之间关系的全面了解还很少进行研究。本文设计并合成了一系列a - d - a型受体，命名为ZITI-N-nF （n = 2,4,6,8，代表氟原子的数目），以揭示通过微调电荷转移状态实现低能量损失和高效电荷生成的OSCs的潜在工作机制。结果表明，基于ziti - n - 6f的器件由于减少了非辐射复合而具有较低的能量损失（Eloss），从而在二元OSCs中具有16.11%的高PCE，在三元OSCs中具有17.09%的高PCE。值得注意的是，中国国家计量科学研究院的PCE为16.6%，是基于a - d - a型NFAs的OSCs中PCE认证最高的。

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引用次数: 0

Nano-synthetic biology for disease diagnosis and treatment 用于疾病诊断和治疗的纳米合成生物学

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.07.002

Feng Li , Lizeng Gao , Fang Yang , Ning Gu , Xiyun Yan , Xian-En Zhang

引用次数: 0

Psychedelics for anxiety disorders: Challenges and opportunities 致幻剂治疗焦虑症：挑战与机遇

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.07.008

Chenshu Gao, Heming Cheng

引用次数: 0

Supramolecular macrocyclic artificial ion channels for biomedical applications 生物医学应用的超分子大环人工离子通道

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.06.012

Yamin Liu , Dao Shi , Bowen Li , Yimin Jin , Daishun Ling , Fangyuan Li

Biological ion channels are essential for ion and molecule transport, playing a critical role in maintaining cellular equilibrium and regulating vital physiological functions such as cell growth, hormone secretion, and nerve-muscle interactions. Drawing inspiration from nature, researchers have crafted an array of supramolecular artificial ion channels (AICs) using both unimolecular and self-assembly approaches. Notably, AICs based on macrocyclic molecules, such as cyclodextrins, crown ethers, and pillararenes, offer distinct advantages, including biocompatibility, precise structural design, ease of customization, and simple preparation. This review spotlights recent progress in bioinspired AICs rooted in macrocycles and their applications in the realm of biomedicine. We commence with an overview of the significance of biological channels and the strategies employed for fashioning supramolecular artificial channels. Subsequently, we navigate through the intricate landscape of molecular design, structural modulation, and the ion transport prowess exhibited by macrocycle-based AICs. Furthermore, we explore the promising biomedical applications of these AICs, encompassing roles in antibacterial measures, anticancer interventions, biosensing technologies, and treatments for channelopathies. Finally, we address the persisting challenges and illuminate prospects within this field, with the ultimate aim of steering future innovations in the development of supramolecular AICs.

生物离子通道对离子和分子的运输至关重要，在维持细胞平衡和调节细胞生长、激素分泌和神经-肌肉相互作用等重要生理功能方面起着至关重要的作用。从大自然中汲取灵感，研究人员利用单分子和自组装方法制作了一系列超分子人工离子通道（aic）。值得注意的是，基于环糊精、冠醚和柱芳烃等大环分子的aic具有明显的优势，包括生物相容性、精确的结构设计、易于定制和制备简单。本文综述了以大环为基础的生物启发aic的最新进展及其在生物医学领域的应用。我们首先概述了生物通道的重要性和用于形成超分子人工通道的策略。随后，我们浏览了分子设计、结构调制和基于大环的aic所展示的离子传输能力的复杂景观。此外，我们还探讨了这些aic在生物医学上的应用前景，包括抗菌措施、抗癌干预、生物传感技术和通道病变治疗方面的作用。最后，我们提出了该领域持续存在的挑战，并阐明了该领域的前景，最终目标是指导未来超分子aic发展的创新。

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引用次数: 0

Interface engineering of Z-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic water splitting 用于光催化水分离的 Z 型异质结的界面工程设计

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.05.017

Daming Zhao , Yuxiao Yang , Vasileios Binas , Shaohua Shen

Photocatalytic water splitting technology can directly convert solar energy into H₂ via a zero-carbon route, offering a sustainable solution for solar utilization and H₂ supply. Among various developed photocatalysts, Z-scheme heterojunction mimicking natural photosynthesis by combining two dissimilar semiconductors for redox reactions in series has unequivocally demonstrated its superiority in enhanced charge transfer, robust redox driving force, and wide optical absorption range. A comprehensive understanding on the fundamental principles of interface engineering between semiconductor components is the key to construct an efficient Z-scheme heterojunction. By focusing on different types of semiconductors, this article thoroughly expounds the coupling principles of components in binary mediator-free and ternary solid-mediator Z-scheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic water splitting, from the viewpoint of band structure alignment and interfacial electric field design. In addition to the well summarized research progresses in recent years, perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for developing advanced Z-scheme heterojunctions are provided.

光催化水分解技术可以通过零碳路线直接将太阳能转化为氢气，为太阳能利用和氢气供应提供了可持续的解决方案。在各种已开发的光催化剂中，通过组合两种不同的半导体进行串联氧化还原反应来模拟自然光合作用的Z-scheme异质结在电荷转移增强、氧化还原驱动力强、光吸收范围宽等方面的优势得到了明确的证明。全面了解半导体元件之间界面工程的基本原理是构建高效z型异质结的关键。本文以不同类型的半导体为研究对象，从带结构取向和界面电场设计的角度，深入阐述了光催化水分解中二元无介质和三元固体介质z型异质结中各组分的耦合原理。总结了近年来的研究进展，展望了发展先进z型异质结面临的挑战和机遇。

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引用次数: 0

Significant downregulation of Alzheimer's amyloid-β levels enabled by engineered DNA nanomaterials 工程 DNA 纳米材料显著降低阿尔茨海默氏症淀粉样蛋白-β的水平

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.017

Yao Sun , Jing Sun , Yang Feng , Yi Zhang , Jingjing Li , Fan Wang , Mark Loznik , Yang Tian , Hongjie Zhang , Andreas Herrmann , Kai Liu , Can Zhang

Although there are no effective therapies to block or reverse Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression at present, a promising therapeutic strategy is to reduce levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) proteins, which drive the formation of amyloid plaque, a primary hallmark in AD brains. Herein, we report that amphiphilic lipid-DNA molecules (LD) were designed by incorporating a long alkyl chain into the nucleotide base. It significantly down-regulated Alzheimer's Aβ levels in vivo and in vitro. In contrast to small-molecule chemical drugs and antibody therapies, the assembled DNA nanoparticles allowed them to effectively cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and accumulate in the brain, increasing the therapeutic effects. Notably, lipid-DNA downregulated the levels of Aβ peptides significantly in vitro. AD mice model experiments demonstrated that the LD-treated groups exhibited a rapid cognition behavioral improvement, which was associated with brain engagement of LD and reduced Aβ levels. Thus, the molecularly engineered DNA nanomaterials effectively regulated Aβ peptides. This work might provide a promising DNA engineering strategy for AD treatment.

虽然目前还没有有效的治疗方法来阻止或逆转阿尔茨海默病（AD）的进展，但一种有希望的治疗策略是降低淀粉样蛋白-β (a β)蛋白的水平，这种蛋白驱动淀粉样斑块的形成，淀粉样斑块是AD大脑的主要标志。在此，我们报告了两亲性脂质dna分子（LD）是通过将长烷基链纳入核苷酸碱基而设计的。在体内和体外显著下调阿尔茨海默病Aβ水平。与小分子化学药物和抗体疗法相比，组装的DNA纳米颗粒使它们能够有效地穿过血脑屏障（BBB）并在大脑中积累，从而增加了治疗效果。值得注意的是，脂质dna在体外显著下调了Aβ肽的水平。AD小鼠模型实验表明，LD治疗组表现出快速的认知行为改善，这与LD的大脑参与和a β水平降低有关。因此，分子工程DNA纳米材料可以有效地调节Aβ肽。这项工作可能为阿尔茨海默病的治疗提供一种有前途的DNA工程策略。

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引用次数: 0

Global patterns and drivers of dissolved organic matter across Earth systems: Insights from H/C and O/C ratios 地球系统中溶解有机物的全球模式和驱动因素：从H/C和O/C比率看问题

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.11.018

Ang Hu , Lei Han , Xiancai Lu , Ganlin Zhang , Jianjun Wang

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous and contains a complex pool of thousands of distinct molecules, and their chemical characteristics help us inform the fate of global carbon. However, a more holistic perspective of the molecular characteristics of DOM and underlying mechanisms across Earth systems and climates remains under study. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the molecular characteristics of DOM using two abundance-weighted average indices, i.e., H/C and O/C ratios, by compiling 2,995 samples from 317 studies covering waters, land, plant, petroleum, and atmosphere systems and climatic regions from the tropics to tundra. H/C ratios are lower on average in waters (H/C = 1.15 ± 0.005) and land (H/C = 1.20 ± 0.010) than in the other systems, while their O/C ratios rank between plant and atmosphere systems. In the waters and land systems, the H/C ratios of DOM vary from the highest to the lowest in the habitats of the land-to-ocean continuum generally as snow > glacier > marine ≥ freshwater/soil > groundwater. The H/C ratios show predictably U-shaped patterns along latitudinal gradients, indicating the lowest abundance of more hydrogen-saturated molecules at mid-latitudes of approximately 40°-50° in river water, lake water, and forest soil. The two ratios are primarily controlled by environmental factors such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and carbon and nitrogen contents. We further unveil additional and considerable links between the ratios and the extremes of climatic factors such as precipitation of warmest quarter and maximum temperature of warmest month. Our synthesis provides molecular-level perspectives to characterize the global distribution and underlying drivers of DOM, which is complementary for our understanding of global carbon cycle processes under future global change.

溶解有机物（DOM）无处不在，包含了数千种不同分子的复杂池，它们的化学特征帮助我们了解全球碳的命运。然而，关于DOM的分子特征和跨地球系统和气候的潜在机制的更全面的观点仍在研究中。本文利用H/C和O/C两种丰度加权平均指标，对DOM的分子特征进行了综合分析，收集了从热带到苔原的317个研究项目的2995个样本，涵盖了水、土地、植物、石油和大气系统以及气候区域。水体（H/C = 1.15±0.005）和陆地（H/C = 1.20±0.010）的H/C比值均低于其他系统，O/C比值介于植物系统和大气系统之间。在水域和陆地系统中，DOM的H/C比值在陆-海连续体生境中由高到低，一般表现为雪&冰川&海洋≥淡水/土壤&地下水。H/C比值沿纬度梯度呈可预测的u型模式，表明在中纬度约40°-50°的河流、湖泊和森林土壤中，氢饱和分子丰度最低。这两个比值主要受pH、溶解氧、碳氮含量等环境因素的控制。我们进一步揭示了这些比率与极端气候因素（如最温暖季度的降水和最温暖月份的最高温度）之间的额外和相当大的联系。我们的合成提供了分子水平的视角来表征DOM的全球分布和潜在驱动因素，这对我们理解未来全球变化下的全球碳循环过程是互补的。

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引用次数: 0

Erratum to ‘Antiepileptic activity and potential mechanism of full-spectrum hemp extract’ [Fundamental Research 5 (2025) 379–380] “全谱大麻提取物的抗癫痫活性和潜在机制”的勘误[基础研究5 (2025)379-380]

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.06.008

Zengliang Jin , Zhuo Huang

引用次数: 0

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