Fundamental Research最新文献

英文中文

The development of ultrasensitive microcalorimeters for bioanalysis and energy balance monitoring 用于生物分析和能量平衡监测的超灵敏微量热计的研制

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.01.011

Hanliang Zhu , Lan Wang , Jianguo Feng , Pavel Neuzil

Heat generation or consumption is required for all biological processes. Microcalorimetry is an ultrasensitive method to measure heat change for various applications. In this paper, we aimed to review the ultrasensitive microcalorimeter systems and their extensive applications in bioanalysis and energy balance monitoring. We first discussed the basic structure of microcalorimeters, including the closed system and open system, temperature sensing methods, isolation materials, and temperature stabilization. Then, we focused on their applications, such as cell metabolism research, biomolecule interaction measurement, biothermal analysis, and calorimetric detection. Finally, we compared the advantages and disadvantages of commercially available microcalorimeters and their contributions to bioresearch. The development of ultrasensitive microcalorimeters provides the tools for bioanalysis at the single-cell, or even subcellular, level, as well as for precise calorimetric detection.

所有生物过程都需要产生或消耗热量。微量热法是一种超灵敏的测量热变化的方法，适用于各种应用。本文综述了超灵敏微量热计系统及其在生物分析和能量平衡监测中的广泛应用。我们首先讨论了微热量计的基本结构，包括封闭系统和开放系统、温度传感方法、隔离材料和温度稳定。然后重点介绍了它们在细胞代谢研究、生物分子相互作用测量、生物热分析和量热检测等方面的应用。最后，我们比较了市售微热量计的优缺点及其对生物研究的贡献。超灵敏微量热计的发展为单细胞甚至亚细胞水平的生物分析提供了工具，也为精确的量热检测提供了工具。

引用次数: 0

Methane mitigation potentials and related costs of China's coal mines 中国煤矿的甲烷减排潜力及相关成本

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.09.012

Yating Kang , Peipei Tian , Jiashuo Li , Hetong Wang , Kuishuang Feng

Mitigating methane (CH₄) emissions from China's coal mines as the largest contributor to anthropogenic CH₄ emissions is vital for limiting global warming. However, the knowledge about CH₄ mitigation potentials and economic costs of Chinese coal mines remain poorly understood, which hinders the formulation of tailored CH₄ mitigation strategies. Here, we estimate and project China's provincial coal mine methane (CMM) emissions, mitigation potentials and costs under various coal production scenarios, by integrating the dynamic emission factors of CMM and key abatement technologies. We find that through continuous coal cuts and available CMM mitigation measures, China's CMM emissions can be reduced by 65%-78% (10.9 Tg-13.1 Tg) in 2060, compared with the 2021 level. CH₄ emissions from abandoned coal mines will far exceed those from coal mining under the 2060 carbon-neutral scenario, especially in northeastern China. It was also found that CMM mitigation is not economically feasible at present, but may be the most cost-effective solution as CO₂ prices increase. All coal-producing provinces can achieve CMM mitigation below 50 RMB/t CO₂e in 2060. Inner Mongolia is identified as a hotspot for CMM mitigation with huge potential and lower cost. Our prospective assessment can provide insights into China's CMM mitigation in response to climate change.

中国煤矿是人为甲烷排放的最大来源，减少煤矿的甲烷排放对限制全球变暖至关重要。然而，对中国煤矿CH4减排潜力和经济成本的了解仍然很少，这阻碍了制定有针对性的CH4减排策略。在此基础上，通过整合煤层气动态排放因子和关键减排技术，对不同煤炭生产情景下中国省级煤矿甲烷排放、减排潜力和成本进行了估算和预测。我们发现，通过持续的煤炭削减和现有的CMM缓解措施，到2060年，中国的CMM排放量可以比2021年的水平减少65%-78% （10.9 Tg-13.1 Tg）。在2060年碳中和情景下，废弃煤矿的甲烷排放量将远远超过煤炭开采，特别是在中国东北地区。还发现，减缓CMM目前在经济上不可行，但随着二氧化碳价格的上涨，可能是最具成本效益的解决办法。到2060年，所有产煤省份均可实现50元/吨二氧化碳当量以下的CMM减排目标。内蒙古被确定为缓解CMM的热点地区，潜力巨大，成本较低。我们的前瞻性评估可以为中国应对气候变化的CMM减缓提供见解。

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引用次数: 0

Redox-manipulated RhOx nanoclusters uniformly anchored on Sr2Fe1.45Rh0.05Mo0.5O6–δ perovskite for CO2 electrolysis 氧化还原操纵的RhOx纳米团簇均匀锚定在Sr2Fe1.45Rh0.05Mo0.5O6 -δ钙钛矿上进行CO2电解

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.07.010

Houfu Lv , Le Lin , Xiaomin Zhang , Yuefeng Song , Rongtan Li , Jingwei Li , Hiroaki Matsumoto , Na Ta , Chaobin Zeng , Huimin Gong , Qiang Fu , Guoxiong Wang , Xinhe Bao

The sluggish reaction kinetics of CO₂ electroreduction in perovskite-based cathodes severely limits the efficiency of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). The construction of the high-density active sites on the perovskite surface is crucial for promoting CO₂ electrolysis in SOEC. In this study, we explore a redox-induced redispersion strategy to produce RhO_x nanoclusters uniformly anchored on a Sr₂Fe_1.45Rh_0.05Mo_0.5O_6–δ (SFRhM) perovskite surface with a high density of 36,000 µm⁻². Compared with non-uniformly distributed RhO_x nanoparticles on Sr₂Fe_1.5Mo_0.5O_6–δ (RhO_x/SFM) prepared by a conventional impregnation process, the successive reduction and oxidation treatment first exsolves the highly dispersed RhFe alloy nanoparticles on SFRhM and then selectively dissolves the iron species in the RhFe alloy nanoparticles into the bulk of SFRhM, resulting in fully exposed RhO_x nanoclusters uniformly anchored on the SFRhM surface (RhO_x@SFRhM). Electrochemical measurements and density functional theory calculations indicate that the high-density RhO_x@SFRhM interfaces promote CO₂ adsorption and activation during CO₂ electrolysis, thus leading to improved electrocatalytic activity and stability compared to that of its SFRhM and RhO_x/SFM counterparts.

钙钛矿基阴极中CO2电还原反应动力学迟缓严重限制了固体氧化物电解电池的效率。钙钛矿表面高密度活性位点的构建是促进SOEC中CO2电解的关键。在这项研究中，我们探索了一种氧化还原诱导的再分散策略，以产生均匀锚定在Sr2Fe1.45Rh0.05Mo0.5O6 -δ (SFRhM)钙钛矿表面的RhOx纳米团簇，其密度为36,000 μ m−2。与传统浸渍法制备的Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6 -δ (RhOx/SFM)表面非均匀分布的RhOx纳米颗粒相比，连续的还原氧化处理首先溶解了SFRhM表面高度分散的RhFe合金纳米颗粒，然后选择性地将RhFe合金纳米颗粒中的铁元素溶解到SFRhM中，从而使完全暴露的RhOx纳米团簇均匀地锚定在SFRhM表面（RhOx@SFRhM）。电化学测量和密度功能理论计算表明，高密度RhOx@SFRhM界面促进了CO2在CO2电解过程中的吸附和活化，因此与SFRhM和RhOx/SFM相比，其电催化活性和稳定性得到了提高。

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引用次数: 0

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in CNS diseases: Functional regulation and potential therapeutic indication 巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子（MIF）在中枢神经系统疾病中的功能调控及潜在的治疗指征

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.008

Yu Zhang , Zhexiang Yu , Na Ye , Xuechu Zhen

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifunctional protein that possesses cytokine, enzyme, and endocrine activities and acts as a chaperone-like molecule. Owing to its immune-inflammatory regulatory properties, the role of MIF has long been an attractive target in research on various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. MIF is also widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), and its potential roles in CNS disorders have become a focus to elucidate the physiological and pathological effects of MIF and to explore its potential significance in the treatment of CNS diseases. Previously, the majority of work on MIF functional regulation was focused on MIF tautomerase inhibitors. However, mounting information has indicated that the functions of MIF extend far beyond its tautomerase activity. Here, we review the recent advances in understanding the complex roles of MIF in the pathogenesis of CNS disorders as well as the discovery and design of small molecules targeted to tautomerase and nuclease of MIF.

巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子（Macrophage migration inhibitory factor， MIF）是一种具有细胞因子、酶和内分泌活性的多功能蛋白，是一种类似伴侣的分子。由于其免疫炎症调节特性，MIF在各种自身免疫性和炎症性疾病的研究中一直是一个有吸引力的靶点。MIF在中枢神经系统（CNS）中也广泛表达，其在中枢神经系统疾病中的潜在作用已成为阐明MIF生理和病理作用以及探讨其在中枢神经系统疾病治疗中的潜在意义的研究热点。以前，关于MIF功能调控的大部分工作都集中在MIF互变酶抑制剂上。然而，越来越多的信息表明，MIF的功能远远超出了它的互变酶活性。在这里，我们回顾了最近在理解MIF在中枢神经系统疾病发病机制中的复杂作用以及靶向MIF的互变异构酶和核酸酶的小分子的发现和设计方面的进展。

引用次数: 0

Towards sustainable use of acidic soils: Deciphering aluminum-resistant mechanisms in plants 迈向酸性土壤的可持续利用:解读植物的抗铝机制

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.004

Xiao Fang Zhu , Ren Fang Shen

The widespread occurrence of acidic soils presents a major challenge for agriculture, as it hampers productivity via a combination of mineral toxicity, nutrient deficiency, and poor water uptake. Conventional remediation methods, such as amending the soil with lime, magnesium, or calcium, are expensive and not environmentally friendly. The most effective method to mitigate soil acidity is the cultivation of acid-tolerant cultivars. The ability of plants to tolerate acidic soils varies significantly, and a key factor influencing this tolerance is aluminum (Al) toxicity. Therefore, understanding the physiological, molecular, and genetic underpinnings of Al tolerance is essential for the successful breeding of acid-tolerant crops. Different tolerance mechanisms are regulated by various genes and quantitative trait loci in various plant species, and molecular markers have been developed to facilitate gene cloning and to support marker-assisted selection for breeding Al-tolerant cultivars. This study provides a comprehensive review of the current developments in understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying Al resistance. Through the application of genome-wide association methods, it is expected that new Al-resistant genes can be identified and utilized to cultivate Al-resistant varieties through intercrossing, backcrossing, and molecular marker-assisted selection, promoting the sustainable use of acidic soils.

酸性土壤的广泛存在给农业带来了重大挑战，因为它通过矿物毒性、营养缺乏和水分吸收不良的组合阻碍了生产力。传统的修复方法，如用石灰、镁或钙来修复土壤，既昂贵又不环保。缓解土壤酸性的最有效方法是培育耐酸品种。植物对酸性土壤的耐受性差异很大，影响其耐受性的关键因素是铝毒性。因此，了解铝耐受性的生理、分子和遗传基础对成功选育耐酸作物至关重要。不同植物品种的耐铝机制受不同基因和数量性状位点的调控，分子标记的开发为耐铝品种的克隆和标记辅助选择提供了便利。本研究全面综述了铝抗性的生理和分子机制的最新进展。应用全基因组关联方法，通过杂交、回交、分子标记辅助选择等方法，鉴定出新的抗铝基因，培育抗铝品种，促进酸性土壤的可持续利用。

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引用次数: 0

The role of pentacoordinate Al3+ sites of Pt/Al2O3 catalysts in propane dehydrogenation Pt/Al2O3催化剂五配位Al3+在丙烷脱氢中的作用

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.020

Yan Wang , Chunlei Pei , Xianhui Wang , Guodong Sun , Zhi-Jian Zhao , Jinlong Gong

Pentacoordinate Al³⁺ (Al³⁺_penta) sites on alumina (Al₂O₃) could anchor and stabilize the active site over the catalyst surface. The paper describes the specific effect of Al³⁺_penta sites on the structure and the catalytic performance of Al₂O₃ supported Pt catalysts by modulating the quantity of Al³⁺_penta sites. The Al³⁺_penta site content of Al₂O₃ exhibits a volcano-type profile as a function of calcination temperature due to the structural rearrangement. The loading of Pt and subsequent calcination can consume a significant portion of Al³⁺_penta sites over the Al₂O₃ support. We further find that, when the calcination temperature of the impregnated Al₂O₃ is higher than the calcination temperature of Al₂O₃ precursor, the structural rearrangement of Al³⁺_penta sites could make Pt partially buried in Al₂O₃. Consequently, this partially buried structure leads to relatively low conversion but high stability for propane dehydrogenation. This work further elucidates the stabilization mechanism of the Al³⁺_penta site over Al₂O₃ support.

氧化铝（Al2O3）上的五配位Al3+ (Al3+penta)位点可以锚定和稳定催化剂表面的活性位点。通过调节Al3+五价位的数量，研究了Al3+五价位对Al2O3负载Pt催化剂结构和催化性能的具体影响。由于结构重排，Al2O3的Al3+五羧基含量随煅烧温度的变化呈火山型分布。Pt的加载和随后的煅烧可以在Al2O3载体上消耗相当一部分Al3+penta位点。进一步发现，当浸渍Al2O3的煅烧温度高于Al2O3前驱体的煅烧温度时，Al3+五价位的结构重排可以使Pt部分埋埋在Al2O3中。因此，这种部分埋藏的结构导致丙烷脱氢的转化率相对较低，但稳定性较高。这项工作进一步阐明了Al3+五羧基在Al2O3载体上的稳定机制。

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引用次数: 0

Challenges and prospects for advanced packaging 先进包装的挑战和前景

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.014

Zhiwen Chen , Jiaju Zhang , Shizhao Wang , Ching-Ping Wong

In the post-Moore era, advanced packaging is becoming more critical to meet the everlasting demands of electronic products with smaller size, more powerful performance and lower cost. In this paper, developments in advanced packaging have been discussed, such as 3D IC packaging, fan-out packaging, and chiplet packaging. Insights on the major advantages and challenges have also been briefly introduced. Our prospects about the solutions to some fundamental issues in sustainable development of advanced packaging have also been elucidated. The critical aspects and opportunities lie in standardization, co-design tools, new handling technologies, as well as multi-scale modeling and simulation.

在后摩尔时代，为了满足电子产品尺寸更小、性能更强大、成本更低的永恒需求，先进的封装变得越来越重要。本文讨论了先进封装的发展，如3D集成电路封装、扇形封装和小片封装。本文还简要介绍了其主要优势和挑战。并对先进包装可持续发展中一些基本问题的解决方法进行了展望。关键的方面和机会在于标准化，协同设计工具，新的处理技术，以及多尺度建模和仿真。

引用次数: 0

Integrated chips: An interdisciplinary evolution in the Post-Moore Era 集成芯片：后摩尔时代的跨学科进化

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.09.009

Ninghui Sun , Ming Liu

引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal information conversion machine for time-series forecasting 时序预测的时空信息转换机

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.12.009

Hao Peng , Pei Chen , Rui Liu , Luonan Chen

Making time-series forecasting in a robust way is a difficult task only based on the observed data of a nonlinear system. In this work, a neural network computing framework, the spatiotemporal information conversion machine (STICM), was developed to efficiently and accurately render a forecasting of a time series by employing a spatial-temporal information (STI) transformation. STICM combines the advantages of both the STI equation and the temporal convolutional network, which maps the high-dimensional/spatial data to the future temporal values of a target variable, thus naturally providing the forecasting of the target variable. From the observed variables, the STICM also infers the causal factors of the target variable in the sense of Granger causality, which are in turn selected as effective spatial information to improve the robustness of time-series forecasting. The STICM was successfully applied to both benchmark systems and real-world datasets, all of which show superior and robust performance in time-series forecasting, even when the data were perturbed by noise. From both theoretical and computational viewpoints, the STICM has great potential in practical applications in artificial intelligence or as a model-free method based only on the observed data, and also opens a new way to explore the observed high-dimensional data in a dynamical manner for machine learning.

仅根据非线性系统的观测数据对时间序列进行鲁棒预测是一项困难的任务。在这项工作中，开发了一个神经网络计算框架，即时空信息转换机（STICM），通过使用时空信息（STI）转换来高效准确地呈现时间序列的预测。STICM结合了STI方程和时间卷积网络的优点，将高维/空间数据映射到目标变量的未来时间值，从而自然地提供了目标变量的预测。从观测变量中推断出目标变量在格兰杰因果关系意义上的因果因素，进而选择这些因果因素作为有效的空间信息，提高时间序列预测的稳健性。该方法已成功应用于基准系统和实际数据集，即使数据受到噪声干扰，在时间序列预测中也表现出优异的鲁棒性。从理论和计算的角度来看，STICM在人工智能的实际应用中或作为一种仅基于观测数据的无模型方法具有很大的潜力，也为机器学习以动态的方式探索观测到的高维数据开辟了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Biodegradable nanoparticles-mediated targeted drug delivery achieves trans-spatial immunotherapy 可生物降解纳米颗粒介导的靶向药物递送实现跨空间免疫治疗

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.11.003

Yi Wang , Min Qian , Yibo Xie , Xiaoyi Zhang , Yanhui Qin , Rongqin Huang

Immunotherapy has been seriously retarded due to inadequate antigen presentation and a tumor cell-dominated immunosuppressive microenvironment (TME). Herein, biodegradable multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles, with dispersed carbon nanodots incorporated into the frameworks, active TKD peptide modification on the surfaces and hydrophobic drug loading in the pores, were prepared for targeted chemotherapy synergized with trans-spatial immunotherapy. The nanoparticles were biodegradable due to nanodot-induced framework swelling, which would (1) kill the in situ tumor cells and promote antigen release by targeted chemotherapy and (2) trigger biodegraded debris involving TKD and CDs to largely adsorb the tumor antigens via π-π conjugation synergized hydrophobic interactions and then massively transport these antigens from the tumor cell-dominated TME to the immune cell-dominated spleen via TKD-mediated small size effects. Thereafter, these antigens can be processed into antigen peptides via TKD-mediated lysosome endocytosis and then activate T cells in the spleen via MHC complex construction and dendritic cell cytomembrane presentation. Therefore, improved immunotherapy with trans-spatial antigen presentation avoided TME immunosuppression, which when synergized with targeted chemotherapy, markedly enhanced the therapeutic outcomes of triple-negative breast cancer.

由于抗原呈递不足和肿瘤细胞主导的免疫抑制微环境（TME），免疫治疗已经严重滞后。本文制备了可生物降解的多功能介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒，将分散的碳纳米点纳入框架，表面进行活性TKD肽修饰，并在孔隙中装载疏水药物，用于靶向化疗和跨空间免疫治疗协同。由于纳米点诱导的框架肿胀，纳米颗粒是可生物降解的，这将(1)通过靶向化疗杀死原位肿瘤细胞并促进抗原释放；(2)触发涉及TKD和cd的生物降解碎片通过π-π偶联协同疏水相互作用大量吸附肿瘤抗原，然后通过TKD介导的小尺寸效应将这些抗原从肿瘤细胞主导的TME大量运输到免疫细胞主导的脾脏。然后，这些抗原可以通过tkd介导的溶酶体内吞作用加工成抗原肽，然后通过MHC复合物的构建和树突状细胞细胞膜的呈递激活脾脏的T细胞。因此，改进的跨空间抗原呈递免疫疗法避免了TME免疫抑制，当与靶向化疗协同时，显著提高了三阴性乳腺癌的治疗效果。

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