Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.031
Mengru Ma, Yinfei Li, Jiangwei Shang
Quantum entanglement, a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics, has captured significant attention in the era of quantum information science. In multipartite quantum systems, entanglement plays a crucial role in facilitating various quantum information processing tasks, such as quantum teleportation and dense coding. In this article, we review the theory of multipartite entanglement measures, with a particular focus on the genuine as well as the operational meaning of multipartite entanglement measures. By providing a thorough and valuable insight on this field, we hope that this review would inspire and guide researchers in their endeavors to further develop novel approaches for characterizing multipartite entanglement.
{"title":"Multipartite entanglement measures: A review","authors":"Mengru Ma, Yinfei Li, Jiangwei Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum entanglement, a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics, has captured significant attention in the era of quantum information science. In multipartite quantum systems, entanglement plays a crucial role in facilitating various quantum information processing tasks, such as quantum teleportation and dense coding. In this article, we review the theory of multipartite entanglement measures, with a particular focus on the genuine as well as the operational meaning of multipartite entanglement measures. By providing a thorough and valuable insight on this field, we hope that this review would inspire and guide researchers in their endeavors to further develop novel approaches for characterizing multipartite entanglement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2489-2499"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.021
Yi-tong Hu , Xing-zi Liu , Yue-miao Zhang , Xiaohuan Guo
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have emerged as significant regulators of tissue homeostasis, immunity and inflammation through various effector molecules in response to signals within the tissue microenvironment. Multiple signals derived from the tissue microenvironment have been illustrated in recent years, which could either activate or suppress the activity of ILC3s. ILC3s, in turn, could also influence many other cells through their effector molecules, such as interleukin (IL)-22, IL-17 and lymphotoxins, indicating that ILC3s act as an important hub in the complex network of cell interactions. In this review, we discuss our current appreciation of the functional crosstalk between ILC3s and myeloid cells, T and B cells, epithelial cells or other types of cells, thus highlighting the emerging importance of communication between these cells for the prevention or induction of relevant diseases and providing insights for future directions of investigation and therapeutic interventions.
{"title":"The interaction network between group 3 innate lymphoid cells and other cells","authors":"Yi-tong Hu , Xing-zi Liu , Yue-miao Zhang , Xiaohuan Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have emerged as significant regulators of tissue homeostasis, immunity and inflammation through various effector molecules in response to signals within the tissue microenvironment. Multiple signals derived from the tissue microenvironment have been illustrated in recent years, which could either activate or suppress the activity of ILC3s. ILC3s, in turn, could also influence many other cells through their effector molecules, such as interleukin (IL)-22, IL-17 and lymphotoxins, indicating that ILC3s act as an important hub in the complex network of cell interactions. In this review, we discuss our current appreciation of the functional crosstalk between ILC3s and myeloid cells, T and B cells, epithelial cells or other types of cells, thus highlighting the emerging importance of communication between these cells for the prevention or induction of relevant diseases and providing insights for future directions of investigation and therapeutic interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2937-2947"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.013
Bian He , Yimin Liu , Qing Bao , Guoxiong Wu , Chen Sheng , Xiaoqi Zhang , Xinyu He
The thermodynamic forcing of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is important for the regulation of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM). However, the monsoon responses to orographic perturbation simulations show controversial results in previously published literature. One reason for this is that the monsoon responses to orographic forcing differ among climate models. Another reason is that the quantitative changes in the TP thermodynamic forcing remain unknown when the orography is modified. Therefore, the relationship between the TP forcing and the ASM may be different among climate models. In this paper, the surface potential vorticity (SPV) is used to quantify the surface thermodynamic forcing on the TP in the FGOALS-f2 climate model for both the standard Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) experiments with a modified orography, and various aspects of the ASM responses are also examined. Finally, their relationships with TP-SPV changes are quantitively estimated. The results indicate that the intensity of TP-SPV is reduced by nearly 100% in the AMIP runs, while it is reduced by 68% in the CMIP runs when the Asian mountains are removed. Overall, the responses of the monsoon system are more sensitive when air-sea interactions are considered. When the mountains are removed, the precipitation over the southern slope of the TP decreases by 73% and increases by nearly 30% over the tropical Indian Ocean in the CMIP runs. Moreover, the precipitation responses exhibit the largest difference between the AMIP and CMIP runs over the East Asian and Western Pacific regions. The precipitation over the Western Pacific remains almost unchanged when the orography is removed in the AMIP runs but is reduced by 20% in the CMIP runs. We propose that the calculation of SPV over the TP is helpful for understanding the TP orographic forcing and monsoon dynamics in the future.
{"title":"Model sensitivity of Tibetan plateau surface potential vorticity and the Asian summer monsoon system to Asian orographic perturbation in FGOALS-f2","authors":"Bian He , Yimin Liu , Qing Bao , Guoxiong Wu , Chen Sheng , Xiaoqi Zhang , Xinyu He","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermodynamic forcing of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is important for the regulation of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM). However, the monsoon responses to orographic perturbation simulations show controversial results in previously published literature. One reason for this is that the monsoon responses to orographic forcing differ among climate models. Another reason is that the quantitative changes in the TP thermodynamic forcing remain unknown when the orography is modified. Therefore, the relationship between the TP forcing and the ASM may be different among climate models. In this paper, the surface potential vorticity (SPV) is used to quantify the surface thermodynamic forcing on the TP in the FGOALS-f2 climate model for both the standard Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) experiments with a modified orography, and various aspects of the ASM responses are also examined. Finally, their relationships with TP-SPV changes are quantitively estimated. The results indicate that the intensity of TP-SPV is reduced by nearly 100% in the AMIP runs, while it is reduced by 68% in the CMIP runs when the Asian mountains are removed. Overall, the responses of the monsoon system are more sensitive when air-sea interactions are considered. When the mountains are removed, the precipitation over the southern slope of the TP decreases by 73% and increases by nearly 30% over the tropical Indian Ocean in the CMIP runs. Moreover, the precipitation responses exhibit the largest difference between the AMIP and CMIP runs over the East Asian and Western Pacific regions. The precipitation over the Western Pacific remains almost unchanged when the orography is removed in the AMIP runs but is reduced by 20% in the CMIP runs. We propose that the calculation of SPV over the TP is helpful for understanding the TP orographic forcing and monsoon dynamics in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2693-2706"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138610846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.006
Mengmeng Yang , Kun Jiang , Benny Wijaya , Tuopu Wen , Jinyu Miao , Jin Huang , Cao Zhong , Wei Zhang , Huixian Chen , Diange Yang
An accurate and up-to-date High Definition (HD) Map is critical for an intelligent vehicle to drive safely and effectively. Although research in this area is growing, there is still a lack of clarity in defining HD maps for intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs). This gap in knowledge is particularly challenging for new researchers, who often struggle to find suitable HD map datasets due to a lack of comprehensive reviews on current HD map products, as far as the authors’ knowledge. Thus, this article aims to bridge this gap by providing a thorough analysis of the core ideas of HD map technology. Initially, this paper presents the brief history of HD map. Following this, it describes the taxonomy and ontology of HD maps, complete with the HD map contents and existing standards. An insight into the mapping process is also given by discussing the algorithms used for creating and updating HD maps. This manuscript also lists current HD map products and the open-sourced dataset available for interested researchers in this space. As part of this study, the authors also describe common applications of HAD maps in ICVs. Finally, the article highlight the key research challenges and potential future directions in this field. Addressing these challenges is vital for the advancement and integration of HD maps for ICVs.
{"title":"Review and challenge: High definition map technology for intelligent connected vehicle","authors":"Mengmeng Yang , Kun Jiang , Benny Wijaya , Tuopu Wen , Jinyu Miao , Jin Huang , Cao Zhong , Wei Zhang , Huixian Chen , Diange Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An accurate and up-to-date High Definition (HD) Map is critical for an intelligent vehicle to drive safely and effectively. Although research in this area is growing, there is still a lack of clarity in defining HD maps for intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs). This gap in knowledge is particularly challenging for new researchers, who often struggle to find suitable HD map datasets due to a lack of comprehensive reviews on current HD map products, as far as the authors’ knowledge. Thus, this article aims to bridge this gap by providing a thorough analysis of the core ideas of HD map technology. Initially, this paper presents the brief history of HD map. Following this, it describes the taxonomy and ontology of HD maps, complete with the HD map contents and existing standards. An insight into the mapping process is also given by discussing the algorithms used for creating and updating HD maps. This manuscript also lists current HD map products and the open-sourced dataset available for interested researchers in this space. As part of this study, the authors also describe common applications of HAD maps in ICVs. Finally, the article highlight the key research challenges and potential future directions in this field. Addressing these challenges is vital for the advancement and integration of HD maps for ICVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2765-2783"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140776192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.015
Zeyuan Wang , Lehao Wu , Miao Guo , Jianzheng Zhu , Jiaqi Zhao , Yan Wu , Hua Xiao , Yan Zhang
The mechanism underlying the crosstalk between Gαq-coupled bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS3) and Gαi-coupled E-prostanoid 3 receptor (EP3) remains unknown. Here, we report that BRS3 and EP3 form dimers in the membrane of living HEK-293T cells. BRS3-EP3 dimers switched to couple Gαs protein upon PGE2 stimulation, which provoked cAMP accumulation and enhanced P38 phosphorylation. Quantitative proteomics analysis revealed that the activation of BRS3-EP3 dimers was associated with cell migration. B16 melanoma cell line, which endogenously expresses BRS3 and EP3, was selected to investigate the function of BRS3-EP3 dimers. The results demonstrated that the presence of BRS3 inhibited the migration of B16 melanoma cells upon PGE2 stimulation. Utilizing inhibitors of Gαs and P38, we found that BRS3 interacted with EP3 and switched to couple Gαs protein, causing P38 phosphorylation to inhibit F-actin rearrangement and ultimately suppressed cell migration. Our study reveals the crosstalk between the orphan receptor BRS3 and EP3, and provides a potential novel target for disease treatment.
g αq偶联的bombesin受体亚型-3 （BRS3）和g αi偶联的E-prostanoid 3受体（EP3）之间的串扰机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们报道了BRS3和EP3在活的HEK-293T细胞的膜中形成二聚体。在PGE2刺激下，BRS3-EP3二聚体与g - α - s蛋白偶联，促进cAMP积累，增强P38磷酸化。定量蛋白质组学分析显示，BRS3-EP3二聚体的激活与细胞迁移有关。选择内源性表达BRS3和EP3的黑色素瘤细胞系B16，研究BRS3-EP3二聚体的功能。结果表明，BRS3的存在抑制了PGE2刺激下B16黑色素瘤细胞的迁移。利用Gαs和P38抑制剂，我们发现BRS3与EP3相互作用，切换到Gαs蛋白偶联，导致P38磷酸化，抑制F-actin重排，最终抑制细胞迁移。我们的研究揭示了孤儿受体BRS3和EP3之间的串扰，并为疾病治疗提供了一个潜在的新靶点。
{"title":"Activation of dimerized BRS3-EP3 suppresses melanoma cell migration through coupling Gαs protein","authors":"Zeyuan Wang , Lehao Wu , Miao Guo , Jianzheng Zhu , Jiaqi Zhao , Yan Wu , Hua Xiao , Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanism underlying the crosstalk between Gα<sub>q</sub>-coupled bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS3) and Gα<sub>i</sub>-coupled E-prostanoid 3 receptor (EP3) remains unknown. Here, we report that BRS3 and EP3 form dimers in the membrane of living HEK-293T cells. BRS3-EP3 dimers switched to couple Gα<sub>s</sub> protein upon PGE2 stimulation, which provoked cAMP accumulation and enhanced P38 phosphorylation. Quantitative proteomics analysis revealed that the activation of BRS3-EP3 dimers was associated with cell migration. B16 melanoma cell line, which endogenously expresses BRS3 and EP3, was selected to investigate the function of BRS3-EP3 dimers. The results demonstrated that the presence of BRS3 inhibited the migration of B16 melanoma cells upon PGE2 stimulation. Utilizing inhibitors of Gα<sub>s</sub> and P38, we found that BRS3 interacted with EP3 and switched to couple Gα<sub>s</sub> protein, causing P38 phosphorylation to inhibit F-actin rearrangement and ultimately suppressed cell migration. Our study reveals the crosstalk between the orphan receptor BRS3 and EP3, and provides a potential novel target for disease treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2657-2670"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140771324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.017
Chenfeng Xia , Fu-Min Li , Chaohui He , Shahid Zaman, Wei Guo, Bao Yu Xia
Efficient and durable electrocatalysts are essential for achieving high electrocatalytic efficiency in electrocatalytic reactions, forming the bedrock of effective electrochemical energy technologies. Electrocatalysis is a complex process, marked by intricate reaction system and crucial interfacial interactions, leading to diverse degrees of reconstruction changes in electrocatalysts, affecting both catalytic capabilities and structural integrity. This review delves into the development and prospects of electrocatalyst reconstruction within the electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies. It elucidates the underlying motivation and mechanism driving reconstruction in various oxidation/reduction reaction systems. Moreover, it elucidates the evolution and comprehension of highly effective electrocatalysts that emerge as a result of this reconstruction phenomenon. The characterizations of catalyst reconstruction are thoroughly examined through the cutting-edge imaging/spectroscopy technologies, enabling dynamic reconstruction tracking and identification. Finally, this work highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with advancing reconstructed electrocatalysts. The primary objectives are to fathom the intricacies of reconstruction and its structural evolution for precise catalyst design. Additionally, it aims to regulate the reconstruction process to enhance the electrocatalyst longevity, stabilize catalytic reactions, and ultimately facilitate the implementation of electrochemical technologies.
{"title":"Structural reconstruction of electrocatalysts","authors":"Chenfeng Xia , Fu-Min Li , Chaohui He , Shahid Zaman, Wei Guo, Bao Yu Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient and durable electrocatalysts are essential for achieving high electrocatalytic efficiency in electrocatalytic reactions, forming the bedrock of effective electrochemical energy technologies. Electrocatalysis is a complex process, marked by intricate reaction system and crucial interfacial interactions, leading to diverse degrees of reconstruction changes in electrocatalysts, affecting both catalytic capabilities and structural integrity. This review delves into the development and prospects of electrocatalyst reconstruction within the electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies. It elucidates the underlying motivation and mechanism driving reconstruction in various oxidation/reduction reaction systems. Moreover, it elucidates the evolution and comprehension of highly effective electrocatalysts that emerge as a result of this reconstruction phenomenon. The characterizations of catalyst reconstruction are thoroughly examined through the cutting-edge imaging/spectroscopy technologies, enabling dynamic reconstruction tracking and identification. Finally, this work highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with advancing reconstructed electrocatalysts. The primary objectives are to fathom the intricacies of reconstruction and its structural evolution for precise catalyst design. Additionally, it aims to regulate the reconstruction process to enhance the electrocatalyst longevity, stabilize catalytic reactions, and ultimately facilitate the implementation of electrochemical technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2537-2552"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.09.006
Yibo Wang , Cong Zhang , Mingqi Li , Xiaohui Wang
Precision control over ligand-receptor recognition is critical in biochemistry and pharmacology. Traditional methods that alter reaction environments have limitations in fine-tuning the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of biochemical reactions within biological systems. The advent of terahertz wave technology represents a significant breakthrough, providing a refined approach to modulating ligand-receptor interactions. This perspective explores the cutting-edge potential of terahertz waves in refining ligand-receptor recognition, featuring their innovative application in modulating neuronal functions. The capabilities of terahertz technology to selectively influence molecular interactions are discussed, highlighting its transformative potential for advancing therapeutic strategies and deepening our understanding of biological mechanisms.
{"title":"Optimizing ligand-receptor binding thermodynamics and kinetics: The role of Terahertz wave modulation in molecular recognition","authors":"Yibo Wang , Cong Zhang , Mingqi Li , Xiaohui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precision control over ligand-receptor recognition is critical in biochemistry and pharmacology. Traditional methods that alter reaction environments have limitations in fine-tuning the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of biochemical reactions within biological systems. The advent of terahertz wave technology represents a significant breakthrough, providing a refined approach to modulating ligand-receptor interactions. This perspective explores the cutting-edge potential of terahertz waves in refining ligand-receptor recognition, featuring their innovative application in modulating neuronal functions. The capabilities of terahertz technology to selectively influence molecular interactions are discussed, highlighting its transformative potential for advancing therapeutic strategies and deepening our understanding of biological mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2406-2408"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Approaches to enhance adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based cardiac gene transfer are the key to successful cardiac gene therapy, but factors influencing AAV transduction remain poorly investigated. This study showed that myocardial infarction (MI) enhanced cardiac AAV transduction, peaking at the third day post-MI in mice. The excessive AAV enrichment at the border zone is due to local vascular permeabilization and cardiomyocyte metabolic remodeling, which is independent of AAV dosage, serotypes and promoters. This effect was harnessed to boost cardiac base editing and improve the outcome of gene therapy for MI in mice. Thus, heart disease itself is a non-negligible factor that alters AAV-based cardiac gene transfer, which provides a new inroad to develop approaches to enhance cardiac gene therapy.
{"title":"Myocardial infarction creates a critical time window for AAV-based cardiac gene transfer","authors":"Gonglie Chen , Yueyang Zhang , Zhanzhao Liu , Jingdong Wu , Zhan Chen , Luzi Yang , Junxia Zhang , Yufei Wu , Jiting Li , Baochen Bai , Zhengyuan Lv , Fei Gao , Erdan Dong , Yuxuan Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Approaches to enhance adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based cardiac gene transfer are the key to successful cardiac gene therapy, but factors influencing AAV transduction remain poorly investigated. This study showed that myocardial infarction (MI) enhanced cardiac AAV transduction, peaking at the third day post-MI in mice. The excessive AAV enrichment at the border zone is due to local vascular permeabilization and cardiomyocyte metabolic remodeling, which is independent of AAV dosage, serotypes and promoters. This effect was harnessed to boost cardiac base editing and improve the outcome of gene therapy for MI in mice. Thus, heart disease itself is a non-negligible factor that alters AAV-based cardiac gene transfer, which provides a new inroad to develop approaches to enhance cardiac gene therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2993-3000"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.09.002
Xiaowei Zhao , Yuxin Song , Bojing Shi, Yubo Fan
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pulse diagnosis has a long history, characterized by doctors forming subjective diagnostic opinions in their minds based on the patient’s pulse felt with their fingertips, rather than simply diagnosing based on pulse waves. As a result, TCM pulse diagnosis is significantly limited by spatial location, meaning that doctors and patients need face-to-face consultations, making remote diagnosis difficult. To address this spatial limitation, we propose a pulse reconstruction scheme based on the principle of electrotactile stimulation, allowing a remote feeling of pulses through electrical stimulation of the fingertips. We develop a simple system that uses electrical stimulation circuits and flexible fingertip electrodes, enabling doctors to remotely “touch” the patient’s pulse by placing their fingers on these electrodes. We investigate the relationship between electrical stimulation settings and tactile sensations, determining optimal ranges (1–6 mA current, 100 V voltage, 100–800 μs pulse width, and 100 pulses per cycle) that mimic a tactile pressure of 0.17–1 N. Additionally, wearable sensors capture pulse signals, converting them into electrical parameters that our device uses to recreate pulse sensations through electrical stimulation. The results indicate that remote pulse reconstruction through the electrotactile approach is feasible, providing a reference for remote TCM pulse diagnosis.
{"title":"Continuous dynamic microforce reconstruction using electrical stimulation for remote pulse diagnosis","authors":"Xiaowei Zhao , Yuxin Song , Bojing Shi, Yubo Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pulse diagnosis has a long history, characterized by doctors forming subjective diagnostic opinions in their minds based on the patient’s pulse felt with their fingertips, rather than simply diagnosing based on pulse waves. As a result, TCM pulse diagnosis is significantly limited by spatial location, meaning that doctors and patients need face-to-face consultations, making remote diagnosis difficult. To address this spatial limitation, we propose a pulse reconstruction scheme based on the principle of electrotactile stimulation, allowing a remote feeling of pulses through electrical stimulation of the fingertips. We develop a simple system that uses electrical stimulation circuits and flexible fingertip electrodes, enabling doctors to remotely “touch” the patient’s pulse by placing their fingers on these electrodes. We investigate the relationship between electrical stimulation settings and tactile sensations, determining optimal ranges (1–6 mA current, 100 V voltage, 100–800 μs pulse width, and 100 pulses per cycle) that mimic a tactile pressure of 0.17–1 N. Additionally, wearable sensors capture pulse signals, converting them into electrical parameters that our device uses to recreate pulse sensations through electrical stimulation. The results indicate that remote pulse reconstruction through the electrotactile approach is feasible, providing a reference for remote TCM pulse diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2453-2462"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.010
Lingxiao Yang , Hui Zhen , Le Li , Yuanning Li , Han Zhang , Xiaohua Xie , Ru-Yuan Zhang
Previous brain decoding studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have greatly advanced our understanding of human visual coding and non-invasive brain-machine interfaces. However, most of these studies focus on classifying a limited number of image categories or reconstructing visual images with additional information, e.g., semantic categories and textual cues. Constraint-free visual reconstruction remains scarce. Here, we propose a generative network based on the functional diversity of the human visual cortex (FDGen) that takes multivariate brain activity as input and directly reconstructs natural images perceived by observers without any additional cues (semantic categories or textual description). Our FDGen is augmented by two bio-inspired computational modules. Based on the functional specializations of the human visual cortex, we propose a new function-based input module (FIM) that projects responses from different brain regions into separate feature spaces. Second, inspired by human attention, we construct a computational module to derive attentive feature weights at the function level to refine the feature map. These function-selection modules (FSMs) allow the network to dynamically select multiscale visual information during the generation process. We test FDGen on the popular fMRI datasets of natural images and achieve highly robust performance. Our work represents an important step forward in the development of fMRI-based brain decoding algorithms and highlights the utility of neuroscience theories in the design of deep learning models.
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