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Life cycle assessment of instant coffee production considering different energy sources 考虑不同能源的速溶咖啡生产的生命周期评估
IF 5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2024.100174
Mayra L. Pazmiño , Medelyne Mero-Benavides , Daniel Aviles , Ana María Blanco-Marigorta , Diana L. Tinoco , Angel D. Ramirez

Nowadays, coffee is a popular beverage globally and one of the largest traded commodities. Conventional instant coffee production requires energy and water, producing coffee bagasse (biomass) as an agro-industrial residue. This residue, spent coffee grounds (SCGs), in Ecuador is currently disposed of in the municipal landfills, losing the opportunity to recover energy and minerals. This paper studies the life cycle environmental impacts of instant coffee production using data from a coffee plant in Guayaquil, Ecuador. The study analyzes the impact of generating the required electricity by an internal combustion engine powered by fossil fuel, using the Ecuadorian power grid, or using a combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP) trigeneration system powered by dried SCGs and natural gas. The results indicate that when SCGs is used to power auxiliary processes, the CO2 emissions greatly decrease, helping to reduce fossil fuel dependence. The study also reveals that scenarios using electricity from the Ecuadorian power grid exhibit lower environmental indicators than those using internal combustion engines. The scenario that includes the CCHP records the lowest indicator in each category, reducing the GWP by 45.2 % compared to the base scenario, pointing out that using energy-efficient technologies lowers the carbon footprint, contributing to decarbonisation simultaneously.

如今,咖啡是全球流行的饮料,也是最大的贸易商品之一。传统的速溶咖啡生产需要能源和水,产生的咖啡渣(生物质)是一种农用工业残渣。在厄瓜多尔,这种残留物即废咖啡渣(SCGs)目前被丢弃在城市垃圾填埋场,失去了回收能源和矿物质的机会。本文利用厄瓜多尔瓜亚基尔一家咖啡厂的数据,研究了速溶咖啡生产的生命周期环境影响。研究分析了使用化石燃料驱动的内燃机发电、厄瓜多尔电网发电或使用干燥的 SCGs 和天然气驱动的冷热电三联供系统发电对环境的影响。结果表明,当使用 SCGs 为辅助工艺提供动力时,二氧化碳排放量大大减少,有助于减少对化石燃料的依赖。研究还显示,与使用内燃机的方案相比,使用厄瓜多尔电网电力的方案显示出更低的环境指标。包括冷热电三联供在内的方案在各类指标中都是最低的,与基本方案相比,全球升温潜能值降低了 45.2%。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the social performance of Ecuadorian textile MSMEs using Social Organizational Life Cycle Assessment 利用社会组织生命周期评估评价厄瓜多尔纺织业中小微企业的社会绩效
IF 5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2024.100176
Erik Sigcha , Dolores Sucozhañay , Lorena Siguenza-Guzman , Paul Vanegas

Integrating sustainability into Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) poses challenges due to limited resources, low social awareness, and particular cultural factors. Despite this, MSMEs play a crucial role in countries' development since they constitute an essential actor in generating wealth and employment. Therefore, determining tools and methods to support sustainable decision-making and understanding the impacts in MSMEs is a significant challenge. This work describes the application of Social Organizational Life Cycle Assessment (SO-LCA) in three case studies of the Ecuadorian textile MSME sector to analyze their impacts regarding the social dimension. To this end, 121 inventory indicators linked to workers' and consumers' subcategories were applied. Utilizing sunburst charts, social performance is analyzed at subcategory and indicator levels. Company A showed intermediate worker performance with well-managed Occupational Safety and Health (OSH). Company B excelled, particularly in OSH, social benefits, and working hours. Despite its size, Company C had the lowest overall performance but exhibited superior Consumer category performance. This application of SO-LCA in the MSME sector offers insights for systematic evaluation, identifying areas for improvement and commendable practices. The study discusses implementing SO-LCA in small firms, highlighting the need for methodological adjustments to enhance applicability in this sector.

由于资源有限、社会意识薄弱以及特殊的文化因素,将可持续性纳入微型和中小型企业(MSMEs)面临着挑战。尽管如此,微型和中小型企业在国家发展中发挥着至关重要的作用,因为它们是创造财富和就业的重要参与者。因此,确定支持可持续决策的工具和方法以及了解中小微企业的影响是一项重大挑战。这项工作介绍了社会组织生命周期评估(Social Organizational Life Cycle Assessment,SO-LCA)在厄瓜多尔纺织业中小微企业三个案例研究中的应用,以分析其对社会层面的影响。为此,应用了 121 个与工人和消费者子类别相关的清单指标。利用旭日图,对子类别和指标层面的社会绩效进行了分析。A 公司的工人绩效处于中等水平,职业安全与健康(OSH)管理良好。B 公司在职业安全与健康、社会福利和工作时间方面表现突出。C 公司虽然规模不大,但总体绩效最低,但在消费者类别方面表现出色。SO-LCA 在微小中型企业部门的应用为系统评估、确定需要改进的领域和值得称赞的做法提供了启示。本研究讨论了在小型企业中实施 SO-LCA 的问题,强调需要对方法进行调整,以提高该行业的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Economic sustainability for developing a less polluting eucalyptus-charcoal productive system in emerging markets 在新兴市场开发污染较少的桉树-木炭生产系统的经济可持续性
IF 5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2024.100173
Gabriel Browne de Deus Ribeiro , Maisa Isabela Rodrigues , Sebastião Renato Valverde , Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro , Gilson Fernandes da Silva , Nívea Maria Mafra Rodrigues , Pedro Paulo de Oliveira Rodrigues

Charcoal plays a relevant role in developing countries, with potential to contribute to the energy needs as a cheaper and carbon-friendly alternative. In Brazil, eucalyptus-charcoal has gained attention as an input for metal-steel industries, mostly supplied by small and medium forest producers. Those commonly use rudimentary charcoal-kilns, characterized by higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, reduced productivity and economically unsustainable impacted by their reduced financial management. In order to fulfill this gap, a simplified financial planning model and an economic analysis of a less polluting charcoal productive system, called kilns-furnace system, were performed, also comparing to traditional charcoal-kilns. A differentiated cost of capital pricing model was also proposed, adjusted to bioenergy projects in emerging markets. Results showed that kilns-furnace system presented the best financial indicators, with greater free cash flow capacity, shorter reimbursement period, reduced charcoal production cost, better return on invested capital and a financial resilience even under pessimistic conditions. With its risk-return ratio verified, kilns-furnace larger insertion may be an attraction for charcoal producers, with probable increased long-term economic sustainability when compared to traditional kilns. The proposed cost of capital pricing model opened a new perspective for its calculation in developing countries, and should be used by producers, companies, and government in investment decision and as a guidance for financing lines.

木炭在发展中国家发挥着重要作用,作为一种更廉价、更环保的替代能源,它具有满足能源需求的潜力。在巴西,桉树木炭作为金属-钢铁工业的投入品受到关注,主要由中小型林业生产商提供。这些生产商通常使用简陋的木炭窑,其特点是温室气体(GHG)排放量高、生产率低,而且由于财务管理不善,在经济上不可持续。为了弥补这一不足,我们对污染较少的木炭生产系统(即窑炉系统)进行了简化的财务规划模型和经济分析,并与传统的木炭窑进行了比较。此外,还提出了针对新兴市场生物能源项目的差异化资本成本定价模型。结果表明,窑炉系统的财务指标最佳,其自由现金流能力更强,偿还期更短,木炭生产成本更低,投资资本回报率更高,即使在悲观条件下也能保持财务弹性。由于其风险收益比已得到验证,窑炉-火炉大型化可能会吸引木炭生产商,与传统窑炉相比,长期经济可持续性可能会提高。拟议的资本成本定价模型为发展中国家的资本成本计算开辟了一个新的视角,生产商、公司和政府应将其用于投资决策,并作为融资渠道的指导。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental perspective of an enzyme-based system for the removal of antibiotics present in wastewater 从环境角度看基于酶的去除废水中抗生素的系统
IF 5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2024.100171
Sofía Estévez , Sabrina de Boer , Gumersindo Feijoo, María Teresa Moreira

Wastewater reuse could provide a substantial relief from water scarcity, particularly for agricultural and industrial purposes. To meet future legislation and environmental standards in this regard, organic micropollutants must be efficiently eliminated in the treated effluent. Innovative water treatment technologies can contribute to achieve this goal, but their environmental consequences must be controlled. The objective of this study is to assess the environmental hotspots of an enzyme-based wastewater treatment system for the removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as a model pollutant. For this purpose, the Life Cycle Assessment and Product Environmental Footprint methodologies have been applied to a conceptual process design based on laboratory-scale data. In addition, we addressed the relevant process parameters (i.e., the stability and reuse of the enzyme and the impacts associated with its immobilization), the comparison with consolidated technologies (membrane and ozonation systems) and the geographical situation (such as the electricity mix and the water stress level). The main hotspot of the analyzed treatment process is the production of the unspecific peroxygenase used within the magnetic biocatalyst, contributing more than 36 % to all impact categories considered. Focusing on the magnetic biocatalyst synthesis, the enzyme production phase and the functionalization of the immobilization support are the most problematic (with percentages of up to 75 % in stratospheric ozone depletion and 65 % in terrestrial ecotoxicity, respectively). In relation to resource consumption, water demand has been estimated at 0.02 m3 per cubic meter of treated water, but water deprivation can be much higher depending on the country (∼0.5 m3). Therefore, the use of reclaimed water can offset the indirect effects of its treatment. This study serves as a roadmap for future research to achieve reduced emissions by reduction of energy requirements, the use of renewable energy but also by increasing the enzyme stability. Furthermore, the background environmental impacts of the production of the biocatalyst must be reduced to improve the competitiveness against implemented alternatives based on physical (membranes) and chemical (ozonation) processes.

废水回用可以大大缓解缺水问题,特别是农业和工业用水。为了满足未来在这方面的立法和环境标准,必须有效地消除处理过的污水中的有机微污染物。创新水处理技术有助于实现这一目标,但必须控制其环境后果。本研究的目的是评估基于酶的废水处理系统在去除作为示范污染物的磺胺甲噁唑(SMX)时的环境热点。为此,我们根据实验室规模的数据,将生命周期评估和产品环境足迹方法应用于概念工艺设计。此外,我们还研究了相关的工艺参数(即酶的稳定性和再利用以及与其固定化相关的影响)、与综合技术(膜和臭氧系统)的比较以及地理状况(如电力组合和水压力水平)。所分析的处理工艺的主要热点是磁性生物催化剂中使用的非特异性过氧化氢酶的生产,在所有考虑的影响类别中占 36% 以上。以磁性生物催化剂的合成为重点,酶的生产阶段和固定支持物的功能化是问题最多的阶段(在平流层臭氧消耗和陆地生态毒性方面的影响分别高达 75% 和 65%)。在资源消耗方面,据估计,每立方米处理水的需水量为 0.02 立方米,但不同国家的缺水量可能更高(0.5 立方米)。因此,使用再生水可以抵消水处理的间接影响。这项研究为今后的研究提供了路线图,以便通过减少能源需求、使用可再生能源以及提高酶的稳定性来实现减排。此外,还必须减少生物催化剂生产对环境的影响,以提高与基于物理(膜)和化学(臭氧)工艺的替代品相比的竞争力。
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引用次数: 0
Does nomination committee independence affect corporate environmental performance? Evidence from the European Union 提名委员会的独立性会影响公司的环境绩效吗?来自欧盟的证据
IF 5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2024.100170
Anna Maria Moisello , Giovanna Gavana , Pietro Gottardo

The environmental sustainability of business activities and operations is an increasingly relevant issue. The Board of Directors, by the means of its monitoring role, affects a firm’s achievement of both economic and non-financial objectives. The nomination committee defines the criteria for the selection of Board members and determines the most suitable profiles of the candidates. This paper studies the effect of the level of independence of the nomination committee on a company’s environmental performance. The study analyzes a sample of European non-financial listed firms for the period 2014–2022. Findings indicate that the level of independence of the nomination committee positively and significantly affects corporate environmental performance and the effect is mediated by the level of independence of the Board of Directors.

企业活动和运营的环境可持续性是一个日益重要的问题。董事会通过其监督作用,影响着公司经济和非经济目标的实现。提名委员会负责制定董事会成员的遴选标准,并确定最合适的候选人。本文研究了提名委员会的独立性水平对公司环境绩效的影响。研究分析了 2014-2022 年期间欧洲非金融类上市公司的样本。研究结果表明,提名委员会的独立性水平会对公司环境绩效产生积极而显著的影响,而董事会的独立性水平则是这种影响的中介。
{"title":"Does nomination committee independence affect corporate environmental performance? Evidence from the European Union","authors":"Anna Maria Moisello ,&nbsp;Giovanna Gavana ,&nbsp;Pietro Gottardo","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2024.100170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesys.2024.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The environmental sustainability of business activities and operations is an increasingly relevant issue. The Board of Directors, by the means of its monitoring role, affects a firm’s achievement of both economic and non-financial objectives. The nomination committee defines the criteria for the selection of Board members and determines the most suitable profiles of the candidates. This paper studies the effect of the level of independence of the nomination committee on a company’s environmental performance. The study analyzes a sample of European non-financial listed firms for the period 2014–2022. Findings indicate that the level of independence of the nomination committee positively and significantly affects corporate environmental performance and the effect is mediated by the level of independence of the Board of Directors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666789424000084/pdfft?md5=9729d062682f336211b163101d9a9c28&pid=1-s2.0-S2666789424000084-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139675758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of corporate social responsibility on the performance of mergers and acquisitions: European evidence 企业社会责任对并购绩效的影响:欧洲证据
IF 5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2024.100167
Thomas M. Brunner-Kirchmair, Eva Wagner

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its impact on corporate value has been widely debated. Two opposing views have emerged: stakeholder value maximization and shareholder expense. In this study, we explore these perspectives within the realm of mergers and acquisitions (M&A), one of the most important and far-reaching corporate decisions. Specifically, we examine whether the CSR of the acquiring company impacts M&A performance by analyzing a European sample of 1549 M&A deals announced between 2005 and 2019. Our findings indicate that CSR has a negative effect on stock performance around the M&A announcement, which aligns with the shareholder expense view. We argue that in Europe, where corporate social responsibility (CSR) is already elevated as a result of EU policies and regulations, additional CSR investments may not align with the best interests of shareholders. This serves as an illustration of a Too-Much-Of-A-Good-Thing Effect. However, we also see that CSR has no significant effect on operating performance, which may indicate a financial bias of capital market participants or suggests that investors weigh their own cost-benefit considerations when assessing acquirers' CSR performance.

企业社会责任(CSR)及其对企业价值的影响一直广受争议。其中出现了两种对立的观点:利益相关者价值最大化和股东支出。在本研究中,我们将在企业并购(M&A)这一最重要、影响最深远的企业决策中探讨这两种观点。具体来说,我们通过分析 2005 年至 2019 年间宣布的 1549 项并购交易的欧洲样本,研究了并购公司的企业社会责任是否会影响并购绩效。我们的研究结果表明,企业社会责任对并购公告前后的股票表现有负面影响,这与股东支出观点一致。我们认为,在欧洲,由于欧盟的政策和法规,企业社会责任(CSR)已经很高,额外的企业社会责任投资可能不符合股东的最佳利益。这就是 "好事太多效应 "的一个例证。不过,我们也看到,企业社会责任对经营业绩没有显著影响,这可能表明资本市场参与者的财务偏见,或表明投资者在评估收购方的企业社会责任业绩时,会权衡自己的成本效益考虑。
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引用次数: 0
Promoting more sustainable agriculture in the Moroccan drylands by shifting from conventional wheat monoculture to a rotation with chickpea and lentils 从传统的小麦单一种植转向鹰嘴豆和扁豆轮作,促进摩洛哥旱地农业的可持续发展
IF 5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2024.100169
Sara Lago-Olveira , Hanane Ouhemi , Omar Idrissi , Maria Teresa Moreira , Sara González-García

Modern agriculture is linked to desertification, massive biodiversity loss and environmental degradation of the ecosystems. In contrast, crop rotation represents an agronomic approach included in conservation agriculture with important environmental and agronomic benefits, such as N fixation, pest and weed control, improvement of soil characteristics and reduction of crop fertilizer demand. Wheat is a staple food in Morocco, as are legumes, which are present in a wide variety of Moroccan recipes and represent an important source of energy and nutrients. The present study evaluates the environmental performance of incorporating chickpea and lentils in a crop rotation system in Morocco that aims to decrease the environmental footprint of the traditional wheat-based crop. An attributional Life Cycle Assessment was conducted in three cropping systems that are grown in two-year cycles: R1 (chickpea:wheat), R2 (lentil:wheat) and M (wheat:wheat). Emissions were quantified in terms of life-cycle related environmental impacts and compared between cropping systems based on two functional unit (kg of wheat harvested). Rotation systems stand out as the most environmentally friendly, with the most notable reductions in the categories of stratospheric ozone depletion and water scarcity (34 % and 50 %, respectively). The environmental improvement from crop rotations was most significant when considering the calculation basis of hectare cultivated versus kg of wheat, which is due to the estimated yield trade-offs in both approaches. In terms of biodiversity loss, no significant differences were observed between crop rotations and monoculture, as the impact on this indicator is mainly attributed to land conversion pressures. This study provides guidance for better formulating crop rotation strategies in the Mediterranean and similar arid regions. Future research should also assess the effects of agriculture on ecosystem services to provide a more comprehensive analysis to support decision making.

现代农业与荒漠化、生物多样性大量丧失和生态系统环境退化有关。相比之下,轮作是保护性农业中的一种农艺方法,具有重要的环境和农艺效益,如氮固定、病虫害和杂草控制、改善土壤特性和减少作物肥料需求。小麦是摩洛哥的主食,豆科植物也是主食,豆科植物出现在摩洛哥的各种食谱中,是重要的能量和营养来源。本研究评估了将鹰嘴豆和扁豆纳入摩洛哥轮作系统的环境绩效,旨在减少传统小麦作物的环境足迹。对以两年为周期种植的三种作物系统进行了归因式生命周期评估:R1(鹰嘴豆:小麦)、R2(扁豆:小麦)和 M(小麦:小麦)。从生命周期相关环境影响的角度对排放量进行了量化,并根据两个功能单位(收获的小麦公斤数)对不同种植系统进行了比较。轮作系统是最环保的,在平流层臭氧消耗和水资源短缺方面的减排效果最为显著(分别为 34% 和 50%)。如果以耕种公顷数和小麦公斤数为计算基础,轮作对环境的改善最为显著,这是因为这两种方法都估计了产量权衡。在生物多样性损失方面,轮作与单一种植之间没有发现显著差异,因为对这一指标的影响主要归因于土地转换压力。这项研究为地中海和类似干旱地区更好地制定轮作战略提供了指导。未来的研究还应评估农业对生态系统服务的影响,以提供更全面的分析,为决策提供支持。
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引用次数: 0
Multiple eco-efficiency solutions in tomatoes simulating biostimulant effects 模拟生物刺激剂效应的番茄多重生态效益解决方案
IF 5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2024.100165
Teresina Mancuso , Panagiotis Kalozoumis , Anastasia Tampakaki , Dimitrios Savvas , Anastasios Gatsios , Lucia Baldi , Massimo Peri , Maria Teresa Trentinaglia , Jacopo Bacenetti

Global agricultural systems are increasingly moving towards organic farming to satisfy consumers’ increased environmental awareness. Yet, shortage of fertilizers and more frequent water stresses are challenging agricultural systems to minimize their environmental impact without compromising productivity and economic sustainability. This study discusses how greenhouse organic tomato production behaves when multiple eco-sustainable solutions are applied. In particular, organic tomato cultivation was supported by a specific biostimulant treatment that included a microbial solution, based on Rhizobium, which was distributed onto faba bean seeds; once a suitable fava bean biomass had been obtained, the plants were chopped and incorporated into the soil in order to release nitrogen. In the trials considered, microbial solutions reduced organic tomato production costs by 5 %. Considering that fertilization accounted for up to 7 % of total production costs, a large-scale preparation of the microbial solution could trigger significant economic savings. The Life-Cycle Assessment shows that organic tomatoes, with a lower yield, have a lower environmental impact than conventional production only for 7 of the 15 evaluated impact categories. Combined agro-technical growing solutions are economically viable in the presence of yields in organic compared to conventional, and their environmental impact is attractive in both scenarios.

全球农业系统正越来越多地转向有机耕作,以满足消费者日益增强的环保意识。然而,肥料短缺和日益频繁的用水压力,对农业系统提出了挑战,即在不影响生产率和经济可持续性的前提下,最大限度地减少对环境的影响。本研究探讨了温室有机番茄生产在采用多种生态可持续解决方案时的表现。特别是,有机番茄的种植得到了特定生物刺激剂处理的支持,其中包括一种基于根瘤菌的微生物溶液,该溶液分布在蚕豆种子上;一旦获得合适的蚕豆生物量,就将植株切碎并放入土壤中,以释放氮。在所考虑的试验中,微生物解决方案使有机番茄的生产成本降低了 5%。考虑到施肥占总生产成本的 7%,大规模制备微生物溶液可显著节约经济成本。生命周期评估显示,有机番茄虽然产量较低,但在 15 个评估影响类别中,只有 7 个类别的环境影响低于常规生产。在有机番茄产量高于常规番茄产量的情况下,综合农业技术种植方案在经济上是可行的,而且在这两种情况下,其对环境的影响都是有吸引力的。
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引用次数: 0
Within day and seasonal variations of electricity and emission costs: The social costs of electricity on the margin 电力和排放成本的日内和季节性变化:边缘电力的社会成本
IF 5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2024.100166
Yingkai Fang , Frank Asche , Jinghua Xie

Seasonality and within day variation are important characteristics of electricity supply/demand and for emissions from electricity generation. This paper investigates the social costs of using electricity at different times of the day, allowing for seasonal patterns and differences between weekdays and weekends in Sacramento, California in 2013 and 2019. The social costs of electricity use refer to a combination of the emission costs and the electricity price. Using simulations for the social costs of CO2, results show that the highest costs of using electricity occur at different hours across seasons on weekdays and weekends. As CO2 price increases, the social costs of electricity use become more volatile, but it becomes more pronounced that the low costs hours shift to daytime hours for most seasons in both years, except summer and spring 2019. This pattern helps evaluate the social impacts of using electricity and providing policy implications for electricity demand changes.

季节性和日内变化是电力供应/需求以及发电排放的重要特征。本文研究了 2013 年和 2019 年加利福尼亚州萨克拉门托市一天中不同时间段的用电社会成本,并考虑了季节性模式以及工作日和周末之间的差异。用电的社会成本是指排放成本和电价的组合。通过对二氧化碳的社会成本进行模拟,结果显示,在不同季节的工作日和周末的不同时段,用电成本最高。随着二氧化碳价格的增加,用电的社会成本变得更加不稳定,但更明显的是,除 2019 年夏季和春季外,在这两年的大多数季节,低成本时段都转移到了白天。这种模式有助于评估用电的社会影响,并为电力需求变化提供政策影响。
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引用次数: 0
Priority change and driving factors in the voluntary carbon offset market 自愿碳补偿市场的优先事项变化和驱动因素
IF 5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2024.100164
Hidemichi Fujii , Jeremy Webb , Sagadevan Mundree , David Rowlings , Peter Grace , Clevo Wilson , Shunsuke Managi

Voluntary carbon offset markets play an important role in climate change mitigation by deploying technologies in order of lowest abatement cost. The objective of this study is to identify the key drivers of changes in the volume of carbon credits issued in voluntary registry offset markets from 2006 to 2020 using a decomposition analysis framework. The results show that the volume of issued carbon credits related to forestry and land use increased from 2006 to 2015 due to priority increases and scale expansions in REDD+ projects. In addition, the reasons for the priority changes in carbon credits issued varied according to the scale of carbon offset programs in each region. The comparison of scale effect and carbon offset program priority is a useful tool for understanding changes in carbon credits issued according to project technology and region. The very rapid increase in forestry carbon credits issued does however pose important policy implications given it has been accompanied by widespread indications of poor governance and questionable outcomes in terms of CO2 reduction. In light of the IPCC's reliance on carbon credits the need for thoroughgoing policy reform is underlined.

自愿碳抵消市场按照减排成本最低的顺序部署技术,在减缓气候变化方面发挥着重要作用。本研究的目的是利用分解分析框架,确定 2006 年至 2020 年自愿登记碳补偿市场碳信用额发放量变化的主要驱动因素。研究结果表明,由于 REDD+ 项目优先级的提高和规模的扩大,2006 年至 2015 年与林业和土地利用相关的碳信用额发放量有所增加。此外,各地区碳抵消项目的规模不同,导致碳信用额优先级变化的原因也不同。规模效应与碳补偿项目优先权的比较是了解项目技术和地区碳信用额发放变化的有用工具。然而,林业碳信用额的快速增长确实带来了重要的政策影响,因为与之相伴的是管理不善和在二氧化碳减排方面的结果令人质疑的普遍迹象。鉴于 IPCC 对碳信用额度的依赖,强调了进行彻底政策改革的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
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Cleaner Environmental Systems
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