Cleaner Environmental Systems最新文献_第8页

Simulation and techno-economic evaluation of integrated palm oil mill processes for advancing a circular economy 推进循环经济的棕榈油综合加工工艺模拟与技术经济评价

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Environmental Systems

Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100323

Siti Naderah Sulin , Mohd Noriznan Mokhtar , Azhari Samsu Baharuddin , Mohd Afandi P. Mohammed

The palm oil industry faces increasing pressure to adopt sustainable and circular production practices, particularly in waste management and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction. Integrated biomass utilization within palm oil mills (POMs) offers a promising approach to improve both environmental and economic outcomes. This study evaluates the techno-economic and environmental performance of an integrated POM system incorporating palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment, empty fruit bunch (EFB) composting, and residual oil recovery within a unified flowsheet. A detailed simulation model of a 60 MT/h mill was developed using SuperPro Designer® software, based on actual mill operations and literature data. The model assessed mass and energy balances, capital and operating costs, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) equivalent emissions. Results showed a 5 % increase in revenue through by-product valorization and a 53 % reduction in CO₂ equivalent emissions when combining EFB composting with biogas capture. The system achieved a positive net present value (NPV) of MYR 75.63 million, an internal rate of return (IRR) of 30.08 %, a return on investment (ROI) of 19.20 %, and a payback period (PBP) of 5.21 years. Sensitivity analysis showed that the prices of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), crude palm oil (CPO), and the CPO yield are key factors influencing economic performance. These outcomes highlight the feasibility of implementing circular economy principles, where waste streams are transformed into valuable products such as compost, biogas, and recovered oil, thereby closing material loops and reducing environmental impact.

棕榈油行业面临越来越大的压力，需要采用可持续和循环生产实践，特别是在废物管理和温室气体（GHG）减排方面。棕榈油厂（POMs）的综合生物质利用为改善环境和经济结果提供了一种有希望的方法。本研究评估了综合POM系统的技术经济和环境性能，该系统包括棕榈油厂废水（POME）处理、空果束（EFB）堆肥和在统一流程内的剩余油回收。基于实际磨机操作和文献数据，使用SuperPro Designer®软件开发了60 MT/h磨机的详细仿真模型。该模型评估了质量和能量平衡、资本和运营成本以及二氧化碳当量排放。结果表明，当将EFB堆肥与沼气捕获相结合时，通过副产品增值，收入增加了5%，二氧化碳当量排放量减少了53%。该系统的净现值（NPV）为7563万令吉，内部收益率（IRR）为30.08%，投资回报率（ROI）为19.20%，投资回收期（PBP）为5.21年。敏感性分析表明，鲜果串（FFB）价格、粗棕榈油（CPO）价格和粗棕榈油产量是影响经济效益的关键因素。这些成果突出了实施循环经济原则的可行性，在循环经济原则中，废物流被转化为有价值的产品，如堆肥、沼气和回收油，从而闭合物质循环，减少对环境的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Multidimensional assessment of fisheries sustainability in India's largest estuarine system 印度最大河口系统渔业可持续性的多维评估

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Environmental Systems

Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100325

Abhilash Thapa , Neha W. Qureshi , P.S. Ananthan , Dibakar Bhakta , Piyashi Debroy

The Hooghly-Matlah Estuarine System (HMES) supports rich fisheries and millions of livelihoods, but overfishing and habitat loss are driving stock declines. Ensuring sustainable fisheries is essential to protect the ecosystem and dependent communities. This study explores how sustainable HMES fisheries truly are, using a modified Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH) approach. We based our assessment on the hypothesis that current fishing practices may be less sustainable, largely due to challenges across five dimensions—ecology, economy, social, technology, and governance. Multi-dimensional scaling was used to score 45 attributes, followed by leverage analysis to identify key drivers. Data were collected from 38 fishing sites across four zones (8029 km²), including 238 fisher interviews, focus group discussions (4), key informants, and secondary sources. Species- and zone-specific RAPFISH results showed sea catfish fisheries as the most sustainable (57.01 %) and tiger prawn seed fisheries as the least (34.34 %). None of the 22 fisheries were in ‘good’ (75.1–100 %) or ‘poor’ (0–25 %) categories, suggesting room for improvement. Marine zone II (MZII) was “quite sustainable” (53.83 %), while marine zone I (MZI), true estuary (TE), and freshwater (FW) zones were “less sustainable” (25.1–50 %), largely due to lower scores in social, governance, technology, and ecology. Overall RAPFISH scores for HMES were 47.06 % (species-based) and 46.7 % (zone-based), indicating a “less sustainable” status. Although economic and governance dimensions showed moderate strength, zone-specific actions—such as conflict resolution (TE, MZI); enhancing vessel registration and fishing bans (FW, TE); and consolidating governance in MZII, etc., can build resilience and support sustainable estuarine fisheries.

胡格利-马特拉河口系统（HMES）支撑着丰富的渔业资源和数百万人的生计，但过度捕捞和栖息地丧失正在导致种群数量下降。确保可持续渔业对保护生态系统和依赖渔业的社区至关重要。本研究利用一种改进的渔业快速评估（RAPFISH）方法，探讨了HMES渔业的真正可持续性。我们的评估基于这样一个假设，即当前的捕捞方式可能不太可持续，这主要是由于生态、经济、社会、技术和治理这五个维度的挑战。使用多维尺度对45个属性进行评分，然后进行杠杆分析以确定关键驱动因素。数据来自4个区域（8029平方公里）的38个渔场，包括238名渔民访谈、焦点小组讨论(4)、关键线人和二手来源。RAPFISH结果显示，海鲶渔业的可持续性最高（57.01%），虎对虾种子渔业的可持续性最低（34.34%）。22个渔场中没有一个处于“良好”（75.1 - 100%）或“差”（0 - 25%）类别，这表明还有改进的空间。海洋II区（MZII）“相当可持续”（53.83%），而海洋I区（MZI）、真河口（TE）和淡水（FW）区“较不可持续”（25.1 - 50%），主要是由于社会、治理、技术和生态得分较低。HMES的总体RAPFISH得分为47.06%（基于物种）和46.7%（基于区域），表明“不太可持续”的状态。虽然经济和治理维度表现出中等强度，但区域特定行动，如冲突解决（TE， MZI）；加强船只登记及禁渔令（FW， TE）；加强MZII的治理等，可以建立复原力并支持可持续的河口渔业。

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引用次数: 0

Life cycle assessment of organic chocolate production in Peru 秘鲁有机巧克力生产的生命周期评估

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Environmental Systems

Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100322

Ian Vázquez-Rowe , Patricia Mogrovejo , Eizo Muñoz-Sovero , Pablo González-Socorro , Jhonnatan Murga , Shenali Madhanaroopan , Salma Fotovat , Taylor Stanley , Karin Bartl , Isabel Quispe

Limited studies have been conducted in Latin America related to the environmental profile of cocoa and chocolate production using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The current study conducts a cradle-to-gate LCA of the production of organic chocolate products in Peru, considering cocoa cultivation practices by a group of 21 female producers located in central Peru in the year 2022. Data were collected on-site at cultivation sites and processing plant using questionnaires with the technical staff. Beyond fossil and biogenic emissions linked to cultivation, transport of dried cocoa, and manufacturing activities at the chocolate producing plant, carbon capture on fields by cocoa and shading trees was modeled and included in the carbon balance. A total of 8 impact categories were selected, considering different environmental compartments. Results for global warming using the main scenario show a range of values from 4.33 kg CO₂eq per kilogram of final chocolate product to 4.88 kg CO₂eq. Most impacts are derived from the production of dry cocoa beans and, to a lesser extent, upstream sugarcane production. However, important differences were evident when the individual cocoa producers were analyzed, with agroforestry systems presenting lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than cocoa monocrops. Regarding water scarcity, the activities at the chocolate processing plant were found to contribute more than water use at the cocoa cultivation sites. For other impact categories, toxicity emissions at the cultivation site were relatively low given the organic characteristics of the fields, which do not use conventional pesticides. The post-harvest management of the cocoa pods (i.e., composting) is a critical source of GHG emissions. Hence, adequate composting conditions maintain methane emissions low, but direct return of the pods to the field can generate a substantial increase in GHG emissions. Carbon sequestration from above ground biomass, mainly from shading and cocoa trees, appears to mitigate an important fraction of these emissions if shading is homogeneous and sufficiently dense across the fields.

在拉丁美洲，利用生命周期评估（LCA）对可可和巧克力生产的环境概况进行了有限的研究。目前的研究对秘鲁有机巧克力产品的生产进行了从摇篮到门的LCA分析，考虑了2022年位于秘鲁中部的21名女性生产者的可可种植实践。通过对技术人员进行问卷调查，在种植场地和加工厂现场收集数据。除了与种植、可可干运输和巧克力生产工厂的生产活动有关的化石和生物排放外，还模拟了可可和遮荫树在田间的碳捕获，并将其包括在碳平衡中。考虑到不同的环境因素，共选择了8个影响类别。使用主要情景的全球变暖结果显示，从每千克最终巧克力产品4.33千克二氧化碳当量到4.88千克二氧化碳当量的数值范围。大多数影响来自干可可豆的生产，在较小程度上来自上游的甘蔗生产。然而，当对单个可可生产者进行分析时，重要的差异是显而易见的，农林复合系统比可可单一作物的温室气体排放量更低。关于缺水问题，巧克力加工厂的活动比可可种植地的用水更严重。对于其他影响类别，由于不使用常规农药的农田的有机特性，耕作地点的毒性排放相对较低。可可豆收获后的管理（即堆肥）是温室气体排放的一个重要来源。因此，适当的堆肥条件可以使甲烷排放量保持在较低水平，但将豆荚直接送回田间可能会导致温室气体排放量大幅增加。如果遮荫在整个农田中均匀且足够密集，那么来自地上生物量（主要来自遮荫树和可可树）的碳固存似乎可以减轻这些排放的重要部分。

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引用次数: 0

Subcritical or supercritical? A comparative life cycle assessment of bioactive compound extraction from apple pomace 亚临界还是超临界？从苹果渣中提取生物活性化合物的生命周期比较评价

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Environmental Systems

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100311

Lauriane Bruna , Carla Marty , Micheline Draye , Giancarlo Cravotto , Gregory Chatel

Apple pomace (AP), a by-product of the apple juice and cider industries, represents a significant waste challenge, generating approximately 5 million tons produced worldwide in 2021. Often disposed of in landfills, AP contributes to health and environmental risks. Despite its disposal, AP remains a valuable source of bioactive compounds, recognized for their biological properties. This study assesses the carbon footprint associated with extracting these bioactive compounds using innovative technologies, namely supercritical CO₂ (SC–CO₂) and subcritical water extraction (SWE). Utilizing SimaPro software and the ecoinvent database, the Life Cycle Assessments (LCA; cradle-to-gate) were conducted for extracting 1 g of bioactive compounds from AP. The findings reveal that the SC-CO₂ process emits 71.42 kg_CO2eq, while the SWE results in significantly lower emissions of 6.20 kg_CO2eq. These results highlight the environmental impact of different extraction technologies and emphasize the potential for more sustainable practices in valorizing AP. This study highlights the importance of conducting Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) for sustainable technologies, offering critical insights that can inform future industrial practices and policy decisions. Furthermore, the findings indicate that a technology labeled as 'green' is not necessarily environmentally superior, prompting a reconsideration of current sustainability definitions.

苹果渣（AP）是苹果汁和苹果酒行业的副产品，是一个重大的废物挑战，2021年全球产量约为500万吨。AP通常在垃圾填埋场处理，造成健康和环境风险。尽管它的处置，AP仍然是一个有价值的生物活性化合物的来源，公认的生物特性。本研究评估了使用创新技术提取这些生物活性化合物的碳足迹，即超临界二氧化碳（SC-CO2）和亚临界水萃取（SWE）。利用SimaPro软件和ecoinvent数据库，对从AP中提取1 g生物活性化合物进行了生命周期评估（LCA; cradle-to-gate）。结果表明，SC-CO2工艺的排放量为71.42 kgCO2eq，而SWE工艺的排放量显著低于6.20 kgCO2eq。这些结果突出了不同提取技术对环境的影响，并强调了更可持续的做法在确定AP价值方面的潜力。本研究强调了对可持续技术进行生命周期评估（lca）的重要性，为未来的工业实践和政策决策提供了重要的见解。此外，研究结果表明，标记为“绿色”的技术并不一定具有环境优势，这促使人们重新考虑当前的可持续性定义。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of waste-to-energy strategies for municipal solid waste landfills in Chennai: A case study using energy-economic-environmental (3E) approach 金奈城市固体废物填埋场废物转化能源战略评估：使用能源-经济-环境（3E）方法的案例研究

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Environmental Systems

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100321

M. Madhavaraj, Karthikeyan K

The utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW) for energy production has been widely adopted across the globe for several decades. In contrast, Chennai city continues to rely heavily on landfilling for MSW disposal, with Kodungaiyur and Perungudi being the city's two major dumpsites. Given the growing concerns over greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and diminishing availability of land, there is a pressing need to explore sustainable alternatives for solid waste management in Chennai.

This study evaluates the energy, economic, and environmental (3 E) feasibility of implementing Waste-to-Energy (WtE) technologies at the Kodungaiyur and Perungudi landfill sites in Chennai. Eight technology scenarios, including Landfill Gas Recovery Systems (LFGRS), Anaerobic Digestion (AD), incineration, gasification, and their hybrid combinations, are preferred. AD demonstrated Anaerobic Digestion (AD) was identified as the Pareto-optimal solution for Chennai's 3 E nexus, offering the best balance between energy recovery, economic returns, and environmental performance. AD achieved the highest energy recovery, generating output and producing up to 492,712 m³/day of biogas and 1034.69 MWh/day of electricity. Economically, it delivered net profits ranging from 31,397 to 159,964 USD/day, supported by revenues from electricity, district heating, and fertilizer. Environmentally, AD demonstrated strong climate benefits, with net emissions reduced to 136.36 tCO₂/day, compared to the landfill, which emits an average of 2452 tCO₂/day from AD and conventional landfilling. The hybrid LFGRS & AD achieve substantially lower net emissions, with AD averaging −136.36 tCO₂/day. The scenario also performed well, offering a practical balance across all dimensions. These results underscore AD's potential as a scalable and LFGRS & AD averaging 259.24 tCO₂/day, demonstrating strong climate benefits, which also enables digestate recovery and a sustainable WtE strategy for urban solid waste management in India.

几十年来，城市固体废物的能源利用在全球范围内得到了广泛的应用。相比之下，钦奈市继续严重依赖垃圾填埋场处理生活垃圾，Kodungaiyur和Perungudi是该市的两个主要垃圾场。鉴于人们对温室气体（GHG）排放的日益关注和土地可用性的日益减少，迫切需要探索金奈固体废物管理的可持续替代方案。本研究评估了在金奈的Kodungaiyur和Perungudi垃圾填埋场实施废物转化为能源（WtE）技术的能源、经济和环境（3e）可行性。八种技术方案，包括垃圾填埋气体回收系统（LFGRS）、厌氧消化（AD）、焚烧、气化及其混合组合，是首选。厌氧消化（AD）被认为是金奈3e枢纽的帕累托最优解决方案，在能源回收、经济回报和环境绩效之间提供了最佳平衡。AD实现了最高的能量回收，产出和生产高达492,712 m3/天的沼气和1034.69 MWh/天的电力。经济上，在电力、区域供热和化肥收入的支持下，该公司的净利润为31,397美元至159,964美元/天。在环境方面，AD显示出强大的气候效益，与填埋相比，AD和传统填埋的净排放量减少到136.36吨二氧化碳/天，而填埋的平均排放量为2452吨二氧化碳/天。混合LFGRS和AD的净排放量大大降低，平均排放量为- 136.36吨二氧化碳/天。该场景也执行得很好，在所有维度之间提供了实际的平衡。这些结果强调了可扩展和平均259.24吨二氧化碳/天的LFGRS / AD的潜力，显示出强大的气候效益，这也使印度城市固体废物管理的消化物回收和可持续的WtE战略成为可能。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating, benchmarking, and reducing embodied carbon of deep retrofit homes with significant extension: Irish case studies 评估、标杆和减少深度改造住宅的隐含碳与显著扩展：爱尔兰案例研究

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Environmental Systems

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100317

Youssef Elkhayat , Paul Moran , Helena McElmeel

Existing buildings contribute nearly 40 % of Europe's overall energy usage and represent about 36 % of the related greenhouse gas emissions from energy. Thus, the governments set retrofit targets for residential and non-residential buildings. The European Union has recently projected to transition from net-zero energy buildings to zero-carbon buildings by 2030, expanding the current building environmental performance standards to include embodied and operational carbon emissions. The study highlights the embodied carbon (EC) emissions linked to materials used in the deep retrofit measures for homes in Ireland. The research developed a novel methodology for evaluating the EC in deep retrofitted homes with defined benchmarks based on the results of the case studies. The findings show that the upfront and the whole-life EC averages of the deep retrofitted homes in Ireland are 347 and 662 kgCO₂e/m², respectively. These averages represent a benchmark for the current market practice and a starting point for developing EC reduction targets for upcoming projects. The study developed a methodology for reducing the EC of the retrofitted homes during the design stage through a group of material substitution scenarios for the most impactful materials in the case studies. Eleven materials were replaced with low-carbon alternatives available in the Irish market, resulting in an average of 23 % and 20 % reductions in the upfront and the whole-life EC emissions, respectively. Ultimately, the study is a guide for the retrofitting specialists to evaluate and compare the EC of their designs with the developed benchmarks, with solutions to achieve the reduction targets.

现有建筑占欧洲总能源使用量的近40%，占能源相关温室气体排放量的约36%。因此，政府为住宅和非住宅建筑设定了改造目标。欧盟最近计划到2030年从净零能耗建筑过渡到零碳建筑，扩大目前的建筑环境绩效标准，包括实际和运营碳排放。该研究强调了爱尔兰住宅深度改造措施中使用的材料所带来的隐含碳（EC）排放。该研究开发了一种新的方法来评估深度改造住宅的EC，并根据案例研究的结果确定了基准。研究结果表明，爱尔兰深度改造房屋的前期和全寿命EC平均值分别为347和662千克二氧化碳当量/平方米。这些平均值是当前市场实践的基准，也是为即将开展的项目制定EC减少目标的起点。该研究开发了一种方法，通过案例研究中最具影响力的材料的一组材料替代方案，在设计阶段减少改造房屋的EC。11种材料被爱尔兰市场上可用的低碳替代品所取代，导致前期和整个生命周期的EC排放平均分别减少23%和20%。最终，该研究为改造专家提供了一个指南，以评估和比较他们设计的EC与开发的基准，以及实现减排目标的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial life cycle assessment and technoeconomic analysis of industrial heat pumps in the United States 美国工业热泵空间生命周期评价与技术经济分析

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Environmental Systems

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100315

Maria Kanwal , Muhammad Ali Qamar , Kurt Kornbluth , John Kelly Kissock

Industrial heat pumps are a promising decarbonization solution for low-temperature manufacturing processes. However, their environmental and economic performance varies significantly across regions, requiring a thorough assessment. This study compares the environmental performance of an industrial hot water heat pump with a natural gas boiler using a consequential life cycle assessment. Impacts are compared across 25 electricity market module regions in the U.S. over a 20-year period. Additionally, a techno-economic analysis compares the levelized cost of avoided carbon for industrial heat pumps across the US. The levelized cost of heat for heat pumps is also compared against natural gas boilers for the modeled thermal load. In some subregions, switching from natural gas boilers to heat pumps can reduce global warming potential by up to 95 % (from 86 kg CO₂-eq) and ozone depletion potential up to 89 % (from 9.82 × 10⁻⁶ kg CFC-11-eq) per GJ of heat delivered. Using ammonia as a refrigerant also results in 9 times lower global warming potential at the end-of-life phase when compared to an R134a using heat pump. The techno-economic analysis shows Maryland, Delaware and Washington offer lowest levelized costs due to low electricity to natural gas cost ratios. Sensitivity analysis shows that the results for the techno-economic analysis are the most sensitive to coefficient of performance followed by the costs of natural gas and electricity. The findings support the strategic deployment of industrial heat pumps in regions where there is an overlap in environmental and economic benefits, such as Washington, New Mexico and New York.

工业热泵是一种很有前途的低温制造过程脱碳解决方案。然而，它们的环境和经济表现在不同地区差异很大，需要进行彻底的评估。本研究使用相应的生命周期评估比较了工业热水热泵与天然气锅炉的环境性能。对美国25个电力市场模块区域在20年间的影响进行了比较。此外，一项技术经济分析比较了美国工业热泵避免碳排放的平准化成本。在模拟热负荷的情况下，热泵与天然气锅炉的平均热量成本也进行了比较。在一些分区域，从天然气锅炉转向热泵可使全球变暖潜势降低高达95%（从每GJ热量86千克二氧化碳当量），臭氧消耗潜势降低高达89%（从每GJ热量9.82 × 10−6千克cfc -11当量）。与使用热泵的R134a相比，使用氨作为制冷剂在寿命结束阶段的全球变暖潜能值也降低了9倍。技术经济分析显示，由于电力与天然气的成本比较低，马里兰州、特拉华州和华盛顿州的平均成本最低。灵敏度分析表明，技术经济分析结果对性能系数最敏感，其次是天然气成本和电力成本。研究结果支持在环境和经济效益重叠的地区，如华盛顿、新墨西哥和纽约，战略性地部署工业热泵。

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引用次数: 0

Probabilistic life cycle approach for novel systems addressing user-behavior uncertainty: application to toilets 解决用户行为不确定性的新系统的概率生命周期方法：在厕所中的应用

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Environmental Systems

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100320

Carla Rodrigues , Fausto Freire

For product systems that heavily rely on user profiles, such as buildings, vehicles, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems, or toilet systems, estimating environmental impacts during the use phase can be challenging, which can be a major contributor to life cycle impacts. User-behavior uncertainty has not been sufficiently addressed in life cycle assessment studies. The goal of this article is twofold: i) to propose a probabilistic life cycle approach that combines user-behavior scenario analysis, pairwise comparative analysis, and global sensitivity analysis, and ii) to apply this approach to a novel toilet system (WashOne) for comparison with a conventional system (toilet and bidet). A combination of deterministic usage patterns and stochastic scenarios (as a result of combining uncertain parameters) was employed. A pairwise comparison indicator presents uncertain results, indicating that the WashOne has significantly lower environmental impacts than the conventional system in all categories. Results from the global sensitivity analysis (using Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient) show that toilet paper (in the conventional system) and washlet use (in the novel system) have the most significant effect on the impacts. This article concludes that (i) novel systems that greatly depend on user preferences can reduce impacts compared to conventional systems, and (ii) it highlights that user behavior becomes less influential as product systems are designed to be more efficient.

对于严重依赖于用户配置文件的产品系统，例如建筑物、车辆、HVAC（供暖、通风和空调）系统或厕所系统，在使用阶段评估环境影响可能具有挑战性，这可能是生命周期影响的主要贡献者。用户行为的不确定性在生命周期评估研究中没有得到充分的解决。本文的目标是双重的：i)提出一种概率生命周期方法，该方法结合了用户行为场景分析、两两比较分析和全局敏感性分析；ii)将这种方法应用于一种新型厕所系统（WashOne），与传统系统（厕所和坐浴盆）进行比较。采用确定性使用模式和随机场景（由于组合不确定参数）的组合。两两比较指标的结果不确定，表明WashOne在所有类别中对环境的影响都明显低于传统系统。全局敏感性分析（使用Spearman秩相关系数）结果显示，厕纸（在传统系统中）和马桶使用（在新型系统中）对影响的影响最为显著。本文的结论是：(i)与传统系统相比，很大程度上依赖于用户偏好的新系统可以减少影响，（ii）它强调，随着产品系统被设计得更高效，用户行为的影响力会变小。

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引用次数: 0

Life cycle assessment of passive radiative cooling materials 被动辐射冷却材料的生命周期评价

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Environmental Systems

Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100319

Anastasia Athanasopoulou , Dimitra Papadaki , Chrysanthi Efthymiou , Lorenzo Pattelli , Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos

Passive cooling has been a subject of research interest for decades, due to its ability to provide low-cost heat rejection. Recently, the science of passive radiative cooling materials has shown rapid progress, with the synthesis of raw materials that exhibit lower-than-ambient temperature even under direct sunlight, which however requires the use of pigments at very high-volume fractions. As the development of these materials is still in the research stage, it is important to have a deeper understanding of their environmental impact. For this purpose, in this study, a life cycle assessment is performed on different compositions of materials that have shown the potential for passive cooling under full sunshine with high emissivity and reflectance The compositions studied are based on calcium carbonate, barium sulphate, P(VDF-HPF) and P(FA) polymers, with a life cycle assessment focused on the production of these materials. The results indicate that polymer-based material shows the highest environmental impact due to the use of PFA. In the meantime, the lower footprint is found for the calcium carbonate used as the base and water and ethanol as solvents. Overall, for the future fabrication of passive radiative cooling materials, it is suggested to use materials that do not require extensive processing and are abundant. Finally, organic solvents should be replaced by more environmentally friendly substances.

几十年来，被动冷却一直是研究兴趣的主题，因为它能够提供低成本的散热。最近，被动辐射冷却材料的科学取得了迅速的进展，即使在阳光直射下，原材料的合成也表现出低于环境温度，但这需要使用非常高体积分数的颜料。由于这些材料的开发仍处于研究阶段，因此对其环境影响有更深入的了解是很重要的。为此，在本研究中，对显示出在全日照下具有高发射率和反射率的被动冷却潜力的不同成分的材料进行了生命周期评估。研究的成分是基于碳酸钙、硫酸钡、P（VDF-HPF）和P（FA）聚合物，并对这些材料的生产进行了生命周期评估。结果表明，PFA的使用对聚合物基材料的环境影响最大。同时，以碳酸钙为基料，以水和乙醇为溶剂，碳足迹较低。总的来说，对于未来被动辐射冷却材料的制造，建议使用不需要大量加工和丰富的材料。最后，应该用更环保的物质代替有机溶剂。

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引用次数: 0

Review of resource efficiency assessments in manufacturing: An integration model for production information systems 制造业资源效率评估综述：生产信息系统的集成模型

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Environmental Systems

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100318

Qi Fang, Mélanie Despeisse, Björn Johansson

Resource efficiency is core for the competitiveness of manufacturing companies in their transition towards responsible consumption and production. But academia and industry still lack thorough knowledge about effective resource efficiency assessment methods and opportunities offered by industrial digitalization to implement these methods. This study systematically reviewed and categorized resource efficiency assessment methods in the manufacturing sector. A method library with 43 selected assessment methods was created based on a criterion for effective implementation. Subsequent analysis shows the wealth and diversity of existing assessment methods. However, the results also indicated that the methods are rarely connected to production information systems and standards, therefore hindering their effectiveness in industrial use cases. This paper proposes an integration model to help industrial users in selecting relevant and useable resource efficiency assessments based on data availability. This model aims to overcome the barriers to implementation identified in this systematic review. Future research will focus on consolidating the integration model through industry collaboration while also addressing emerging resource efficiency methods and standards.

资源效率是制造业企业向负责任的消费和生产转型过程中竞争力的核心。但学术界和工业界仍然缺乏对有效的资源效率评估方法的深入了解，以及工业数字化为实施这些方法提供的机会。本文对制造业资源效率评价方法进行了系统的综述和分类。基于有效实施的标准，创建了包含43种选定评估方法的方法库。随后的分析显示了现有评估方法的丰富性和多样性。然而，结果也表明，这些方法很少与生产信息系统和标准相关联，因此阻碍了它们在工业用例中的有效性。本文提出了一个基于数据可用性的集成模型，以帮助工业用户选择相关和可用的资源效率评估。该模型旨在克服本系统综述中确定的实施障碍。未来的研究将侧重于通过行业协作巩固整合模式，同时解决新兴的资源效率方法和标准。

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引用次数: 0