Cleaner Engineering and Technology最新文献_第2页

Understanding the deterioration mechanism of geopolymers for application in acidic systems used for in situ recovery (ISR) 了解用于原位采油（ISR）的酸性体系中地聚合物的变质机理

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2025.101116

Godfrey Mawire , Robbie McDonald , Lionel Esteban , Peter Austin , Abhijit Mukherjee , Navdeep Dhami

Geopolymer-based barriers, synthesised from mine tailings, show promise for use in acidic in-situ recovery well fields, where conventional Portland cement barriers degrade rapidly. This study investigates the long-term performance of geopolymers, cast as cylinders and subjected to ferric sulphate-sulphuric acid and ferric chloride-hydrochloric acid lixiviants for 300 days. During this time, degradation progressed from the exposed surface inwards, resulting in three clearly identifiable concentric zones: (1) a deteriorated region, (2) an intermediate region and (3) the unreacted core. In Zones 1 and 2, dealumination of the aluminosilicate binder phases was significant, generating (secondary) residual phases with a higher Si/Al ratio that appear more resistant to ongoing acid attack. When combined with strong leaching of sodium and calcium from these phases, this resulted in enhancement in the porosity of these zones, the formation of channels/cracks, and reduced the resistance of the impacted regions to mechanical deformation. However, the formation of other secondary phases such as (i) gypsum and hydronium/natrojarosite for the ferric sulphate-sulphuric acid system and (ii) akagenéite for the ferric chloride-hydrochloric acid system, countered the development of porosity and the reduction in mechanical resistance. The key outcome from these combined findings was demonstration of the formation of deteriorated, yet competent outer zones that slowed the unreacted core deterioration rate. While further work is required to assess the prolonged behaviour of these protective layers and in turn, the lifetime of these geopolymers under in-situ recovery conditions, this study indicates that these materials may be suitable for application as barrier materials in these settings.

由矿山尾矿合成的地聚合物基屏障有望用于酸性原位采油井田，在这些井田中，常规波特兰水泥屏障降解迅速。本研究考察了地聚合物的长期性能，将其铸成圆柱体，并置于硫酸铁-硫酸和氯化铁-盐酸溶剂中300天。在此期间，降解从暴露的表面向内进行，导致三个明显可识别的同心区：(1)恶化区，(2)中间区和(3)未反应的堆芯。在1区和2区，铝硅酸盐结合相的脱铝作用显著，产生了具有较高Si/Al比的（次生）残余相，这些残余相似乎更能抵抗持续的酸侵蚀。当钠和钙从这些相中强烈浸出时，这导致这些区域的孔隙度增加，形成通道/裂缝，并降低了受冲击区域对机械变形的抵抗力。然而，其他次级相的形成，如(i)硫酸铁-硫酸体系中的石膏和水合氢铵/钠黄钾铁矾，以及（ii）氯化铁-盐酸体系中的akagensamite，抵消了孔隙度的发展和机械阻力的降低。这些综合发现的关键结果是证明了退化但有能力的外层区域的形成，减缓了未反应的核心退化速度。虽然需要进一步的工作来评估这些保护层的长期行为，反过来，这些地聚合物在原位开采条件下的使用寿命，但这项研究表明，这些材料可能适合在这些环境中用作屏障材料。

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引用次数: 0

Holistic characterisation of rice husk ash-modified asphalt: Integrating chemical, thermal, and rheological perspectives 稻壳灰改性沥青的整体特性：综合化学、热学和流变学的观点

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2026.101143

K. Bhavinlal , Veena Venudharan

Rice Husk Ash (RHA), an agro-industrial byproduct, has recently gained global attention as a promising asphalt modifier, owing to its potential to improve the asphalt performance while promoting waste valorisation. Although previous studies have predominantly focused on the high-temperature performance of RHA-modified asphalt (RMA), its behaviour under intermediate and low temperatures remains largely unexplored. Moreover, the interlinking of the physicochemical properties of RMA with asphalt performance is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical, thermal, and viscoelastic properties of RMA and evaluate its performance over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies using advanced micro-level characterisation techniques and potential rheological parameters. Thermal sensitivity and workability of RMA were analysed using the consistency indices and activation energy concepts. Cole-Cole plots, master curves, and black space diagrams were effectively utilised to evaluate the rheological behaviour and performance characteristics of RMA. Furthermore, the significance of the key findings concluded from the experimental analyses was statistically assessed using MANOVA. Overall, it was observed that RHA incorporation impacts the physicochemical, thermal, and viscoelastic properties of asphalt, leading to its potential usage in high temperatures and controlled usage in intermediate and low-temperature regions.

稻壳灰（RHA）是一种农业工业副产品，近年来作为一种有前途的沥青改性剂受到全球关注，因为它有可能改善沥青的性能，同时促进废物的增值。虽然以前的研究主要集中在RMA改性沥青（RMA）的高温性能上，但其在中低温下的行为仍然很大程度上未被探索。此外，RMA的理化性质与沥青性能之间的相互关系尚不清楚。本研究旨在研究RMA的物理化学、热学和粘弹性特性，并利用先进的微观表征技术和潜在的流变参数，在广泛的温度和频率范围内评估其性能。利用稠度指标和活化能概念分析了RMA的热敏性和可加工性。Cole-Cole图、主曲线和黑色空间图被有效地用于评估RMA的流变行为和性能特征。此外，从实验分析中得出的关键发现的显著性使用方差分析进行统计评估。总的来说，RHA的掺入会影响沥青的物理化学、热学和粘弹性性能，从而导致其在高温下的潜在使用以及在中低温地区的控制使用。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainability of prevulcanization of natural rubber latex: a comparative assessment of sulfur-based and radiation-based processes 天然胶乳预硫化的可持续性：硫基和辐射基工艺的比较评估

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2026.101142

Sutthinee Keawmaungkom , Supatra Patrawoot , Panithi Wiroonpochit , Chotiros Dokkhan , Suthathip Sichumphuang , Kasidit Kongdit , Somkit Chowchanglag , Yusuf Chisti , Nanthiya Hansupalak

Prevulcanization of natural rubber (NR) latex is a key process in producing diverse rubber products, as it governs their mechanical performance. Conventional sulfur prevulcanization is widely used owing to its simplicity and low cost, yet it poses environmental and health concerns due to zinc-based accelerators and sulfur compounds. This study compared five prevulcanization processes (sulfur-based; UV irradiation from fluorescent lamps, UV-Flu; UV from light emitting diodes, UV-LED; electron beam, EB; X-ray irradiation) using life cycle analysis (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA). Laboratory experiments established the life cycle inventory (LCI) for processes that were then scaled up to industrial production scenarios. Measurements confirmed that all processes produced films that met ASTM requirements (Standard D3578–19). The LCA showed that EB irradiation minimized the environmental burdens because of short irradiation times and high throughput. X-ray prevulcanization resulted in the highest impact, driven by a high energy requirement and low productivity. UV-LED outperformed UV-Flu, reflecting higher efficiency of LED lamps and their longer life compared to fluorescent lights. The LCCA revealed sulfur-based process to be the most economic (US$ 1.48 kg⁻¹), followed by UV-LED (US$ 4.38 kg⁻¹) and the EB (US$ 10.56 kg⁻¹). The X-ray process was prohibitively expensive (US$ 203.83 kg⁻¹) and environmentally the most burdensome. Overall, the UV-LED and EB processes were most sustainable, especially if these technologies were developed further to reduce energy input and the hardware costs.

天然橡胶（NR）胶乳的预硫化是生产各种橡胶制品的关键工序，它决定着橡胶制品的力学性能。传统的硫预硫化因其简单、成本低而被广泛应用，但由于锌基促进剂和硫化合物的存在，造成了环境和健康问题。本研究使用生命周期分析（LCA）和生命周期成本分析（LCCA）比较了五种预硫化工艺（硫基；荧光灯紫外线照射，UV- flu；发光二极管紫外线照射，UV- led；电子束，EB； x射线照射）。实验室实验建立了过程的生命周期清单（LCI），然后将其扩展到工业生产场景。测量证实所有工艺生产的薄膜都符合ASTM要求（标准D3578-19）。LCA结果表明，EB辐照时间短，辐照通量高，对环境的影响最小。x射线预硫化的影响最大，因为能量需求高，产能低。UV-LED的表现优于UV-Flu，反映出LED灯的效率更高，与荧光灯相比寿命更长。LCCA显示，硫基工艺最经济（1.48 kg - 1美元），其次是UV-LED （4.38 kg - 1美元）和EB （10.56 kg - 1美元）。x射线过程非常昂贵（203.83 kg - 1美元），并且环境负担最重。总的来说，UV-LED和EB工艺是最可持续的，特别是如果这些技术进一步发展，以减少能源投入和硬件成本。

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引用次数: 0

Semi-analytical approach to trajectory optimization for stacker cranes regarding energy saving 基于节能的堆垛起重机轨迹优化半解析方法

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2025.101141

Rico Zöllner , Friedemann Schuricht , Wilfried Hofmann , Thorsten Schmidt

The aim of this study is to give insights into the trajectory optimization with respect to energy consumption and recuperation for stacker cranes in a high-bay warehouse. Based on an analytical necessary optimality condition, a targeted numerical implementation is set up to perform systematic computations of optimal trajectories which are further categorized. Particularly, the differences between energy consumption and energy recuperation as well as for up and down movements are pointed out. Although examined for a concrete, experimentally validated model of stacker cranes, the methodical approach could be adapted to other electrical machines possessing a power flow model, that is a functional relation between the kinematics (velocity, acceleration and load mass for instance) and the resultant power. In addition, boundaries of the velocity, the acceleration and the jerk are incorporated. Such a systematic analysis of energy optimal trajectories can be further used for improving the job scheduling in a warehouse.

本研究的目的是对高架仓库堆垛起重机的能量消耗和回收轨迹优化提供见解。在分析必要最优性条件的基础上，建立了有针对性的数值实现，对最优轨迹进行了系统的计算，并进一步进行了分类。特别指出了能量消耗和能量恢复以及上下运动的区别。虽然对堆垛起重机的具体实验验证模型进行了检查，但该方法可以适用于具有功率流模型的其他电机，即运动学（例如速度，加速度和负载质量）与结果功率之间的函数关系。此外，还考虑了速度、加速度和加速度的边界。这种能量最优轨迹的系统分析可以进一步用于改进仓库的作业调度。

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the mechanical performance of bio-based concrete: The role of aggregate type and orientation in compression cyclic loading 评价生物基混凝土的力学性能：骨料类型和取向在压缩循环荷载中的作用

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2025.101139

R. Bardouh , E. Toussaint , S. Amziane , S. Marceau

This study evaluates the effect of the physical aspects of four bio-aggregates (Hemp, bamboo, rapeseed, and reed) on the mechanical properties of bio-based concrete under cyclic compression loading. The bio-based specimens are assessed with respect to two distinct orientations of bio-aggregates: Perpendicular to compaction direction, and parallel to compaction direction. The digital image correlation (DIC) method permits to monitor strain and displacement fields throughout 19 loading–unloading cycles. Beyond conventional mechanical characterization, DIC data were processed to quantify crack density, crack length, and crack opening displacement (COD) as indicators of fatigue damage evolution.

Hemp concrete exhibited the highest compressive strength and modulus, while bamboo concrete showed the weakest performance despite its higher density. In perpendicular orientation, specimens demonstrated cyclic hardening up to 4.5 % strain before entering a damage phase, whereas parallel-oriented specimens began degrading around 1.8 % strain.

The useable strength of parallel-oriented specimens denotes the particle/binder affinity rather than the actual material's strength. The deformation charts given by the digital image correlation show that specimens tested under perpendicular orientation of bio-aggregates exhibit two horizontal lines of stress concentration whereas specimens tested under parallel orientation show the propagation of a vertical concentration lines.

The failure mode of the perpendicular-oriented specimens is characterized by gradual crushing of bio-aggregates whereas the parallel-oriented specimens fail due to buckling that splits the specimen into two different parts on either side of the vertical concentration lines. Crack analysis revealed that hemp, reed, and rapeseed concretes developed limited and slowly propagating cracks (average rate 0.18–0.23 mm/cycle), with maximum crack lengths below 5 mm and narrow CODs (less than 2 mm). In contrast, bamboo concrete displayed rapid crack propagation (dL/dN around 3.66 mm/cycle), high crack density (32), and wide openings (higher than 4 mm), reflecting weak interfacial bonding.

Hence, hemp shives oriented perpendicularly provides the ideal optimized configuration of bio-based concretes assessed in this study.

本研究评估了四种生物骨料（大麻、竹、油菜籽和芦苇）在循环压缩荷载下对生物基混凝土力学性能的物理影响。基于生物的标本被评估相对于两个不同的方向的生物聚集体：垂直于压实方向，平行于压实方向。数字图像相关（DIC）方法允许监测整个19个加载-卸载循环的应变和位移场。除了常规的力学表征外，DIC数据还被用于量化裂纹密度、裂纹长度和裂纹张开位移（COD），作为疲劳损伤演变的指标。麻混凝土的抗压强度和模量最高，竹混凝土的抗压强度和模量最差。在垂直方向上，试样在进入损伤阶段之前表现出高达4.5%应变的循环硬化，而平行方向上的试样在1.8%应变左右开始退化。平行取向试样的可用强度表示颗粒/粘结剂的亲和力，而不是实际材料的强度。由数字图像相关给出的变形图表明，在生物聚集体垂直取向下的试样呈现两条水平应力集中线，而在生物聚集体平行取向下的试样呈现一条垂直应力集中线的传播。垂直取向试样的破坏模式以生物聚集体的逐渐破碎为特征，而平行取向试样的破坏模式是由于屈曲而导致试样在垂直浓度线两侧分裂成两个不同的部分。裂缝分析表明，麻、芦苇和油菜籽混凝土的裂缝扩展有限，扩展缓慢（平均速率0.18-0.23 mm/循环），最大裂缝长度小于5 mm，裂缝宽度小于2 mm。竹混凝土裂缝扩展速度快（dL/dN约为3.66 mm/cycle），裂缝密度高（32），裂缝开口大（大于4 mm），界面粘结弱。因此，垂直取向的大麻片提供了本研究中评估的生物基混凝土的理想优化配置。

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引用次数: 0

Phosphorus recovery and adsorbents production from municipal sewage sludge by the integration of slow pyrolysis and chemical leaching 慢热解与化学浸出相结合的城市污泥磷回收及吸附剂生产研究

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2025.101140

Marta Di Bianca , Caterina Borchi , Giulia Lotti , Andrea Maria Rizzo , Andrea Salimbeni

To improve the circularity of the wastewater treatment sector, new strategies should be found to turn sewage sludge into valuable products. This study investigates the integration of slow pyrolysis and chemical leaching to simultaneously convert sewage sludge into (i) a biocoal with enhanced surface area useable as adsorbent and (ii) an inorganic P-rich compound for agricultural applications. Sewage sludge-derived char was produced in laboratory at different temperatures (400–650 °C) and then processed through chemical leaching by HNO₃, revealing that pyrolysis temperature negatively impacts char demineralization and phosphorous solubility. As a novel contribution, pyrolysis and chemical leaching integration was subsequently validated at pilot scale, obtaining a biocoal and a phosphorus-rich liquid (leachate). The surface area increased from 12 m²/g in the raw char to 145 m²/g after leaching and up to 350 m²/g after biocoal activation by CO₂ at 800 °C. Adsorption tests with methylene blue revealed a significantly higher adsorption capacity of biocoal compared to the char, while the activated biocoal performance was comparable to a commercial adsorbent, demonstrating the positive impact of char post treatment by leaching (and activation) on the material's adsorption performance. By leaching, 97 % of char's phosphorus was extracted, and the P-based salt obtained by precipitation showed a P₂O₅ content of almost 16 %, with potentialities of application as a low-contaminants P-salt for fertilizing purposes. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that the investigated process is a promising scalable pathway to maximise raw materials recovery from sewage sludge, thus improving its circular valorisation.

为了提高废水处理部门的循环性，应该找到将污水污泥转化为有价值产品的新策略。本研究探讨了缓慢热解和化学浸出的结合，以同时将污水污泥转化为(i)可作为吸附剂的表面积增加的生物煤和（ii）用于农业应用的无机富磷化合物。在不同温度（400 ~ 650℃）的实验室条件下生成污水污泥源炭，然后通过HNO3化学浸出处理，发现热解温度对炭脱矿和磷溶解度有负面影响。作为一项新的贡献，热解和化学浸出一体化随后在中试规模上得到了验证，获得了生物煤和富磷液体（渗滤液）。原料炭的表面积从12 m2/g增加到浸出后的145 m2/g，生物煤在800℃下用CO2活化后的表面积增加到350 m2/g。亚甲基蓝吸附试验显示，与炭相比，生物煤的吸附能力显著提高，而活性生物煤的性能与商业吸附剂相当，这表明炭的浸出（和活化）后处理对材料的吸附性能有积极影响。通过浸出，炭中97%的磷被提取出来，而通过沉淀得到的p基盐的P2O5含量接近16%，具有作为低污染磷盐施用于施肥的潜力。总之，该研究表明，所研究的工艺是一种有前途的可扩展途径，可以最大限度地从污水污泥中回收原材料，从而提高其循环价值。

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引用次数: 0

A comparative environmental assessment of an automotive component processed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) versus CNC machining, with steel powder reuse impact analysis 对激光粉末床熔合（LPBF）与CNC加工的汽车部件进行了环境评估比较，并分析了钢粉再利用的影响

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2025.101137

Hery Andriankaja, Jean-Daniel Penot, Romain Chaudron, Rima Hleiss

The study reported in this paper presents a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of a maraging steel automotive hub carrier manufactured through using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) metal additive manufacturing (metal AM) versus conventional Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) machining. The manufacturing processes are modelled with primary data collected from dedicated metal AM unit and machining experts. These primary data served as the foundation for creating trustworthy LCA database specific to our metal AM Unit activities, from powder storage, through part manufacturing, to diverse post-treatment operations stages. The study covers the full product life cycle from raw material extraction to end-of-life recycling. Results show that while LPBF offers substantial reductions in material consumption and mineral resources depletion, its environmental superiority over machining is conditional. LPBF with use of 83.7 % recycled powder shows lower global warming potential (GWP) and fossil resources depletion than CNC machining. However, when exclusively new powder is used, LPBF becomes significantly more impactful, particularly due to energy-intensive powder production. A parametric analysis reveals that integrating at least 52 % recycled powder charge into the LPBF 3D printer is critical for achieving a better environmental profile than CNC machining. This study underscores the importance of the powder recycling rate evaluation as one key parameter for sustainable adoption of metal AM, especially through PBF techniques in industry.

本文研究了采用激光粉末床融合（LPBF）金属增材制造（金属AM）与传统计算机数控（CNC）加工制造的马氏体时效钢汽车轮毂载体的生命周期评估（LCA）的比较。制造过程是用从专用金属增材制造单位和加工专家收集的主要数据建模的。这些主要数据是为我们的金属增材制造单元活动（从粉末储存，到零件制造，再到各种后处理操作阶段）创建可靠的LCA数据库的基础。该研究涵盖了从原材料提取到报废回收的整个产品生命周期。结果表明，虽然LPBF在材料消耗和矿产资源消耗方面提供了大量的减少，但其对机械加工的环境优势是有条件的。与CNC加工相比，使用83.7%再生粉末的LPBF具有更低的全球变暖潜势（GWP）和化石资源消耗。然而，当专门使用新粉末时，LPBF变得更有影响力，特别是由于能源密集型粉末生产。参数分析表明，与CNC加工相比，将至少52%的可回收粉末装料集成到LPBF 3D打印机中对于实现更好的环境特征至关重要。这项研究强调了粉末回收率评估作为可持续采用金属增材制造的一个关键参数的重要性，特别是通过工业上的PBF技术。

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引用次数: 0

Adaptive pathways for low-carbon steel: From waste utilization to policy-driven transitions 低碳钢的适应性路径：从废物利用到政策驱动转型

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2025.101126

Rozhin Ziayeepour, Masoumeh Bararzadeh Ledari, Maryam Fani, Roya Vahedi

This study investigates the decarbonization of steel production by integrating advanced technologies and regional policy mechanisms, targeting the significant carbon footprint of the sector. We apply an integrated Water-Energy-Material-Hydrogen Nexus (WEMH) framework to analyze three steel production pathways—Blast Furnace–Basic Oxygen Furnace (BF–BOF), Midrex Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)–Electric Arc Furnace (EAF), and HYLIII DRI–EAF—under the constraints of water, energy, and carbon emissions. Results show that a 60 % reduction in CO₂ emissions can be achieved with the DRI process combined with syngas and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), while HYLIII and retrofitted BF–BOF processes achieve emission reductions of 64 % and 74 %, respectively. Furthermore, a 50 % freshwater cap significantly reduces water withdrawals, with desalination systems supplying 29.8 10⁶ m³/yr for Midrex, 16.4 10⁶ m³/yr for HYLIII, and 1.6 10⁶ m³/yr for BF–BOF. Under a $/tCO₂ carbon tax, the Midrex capacity in coastal regions increases from 111 000 tonnes to 3.78 million tonnes annually, while gas-fired power in arid areas, such as Kerman, drops by 85 %. Waste gasification displaces 31 % of the hydrogen produced via steam reforming, and 49 % of coke use in BF–BOF is replaced with waste-derived syngas, resulting in a 65 % reduction in system-wide CO₂ emissions. These findings highlight the need for tailored, region-specific strategies to achieve low-carbon steel production while ensuring economic and environmental sustainability.

本研究通过整合先进技术和区域政策机制来研究钢铁生产的脱碳，目标是该部门的碳足迹显著。我们采用水-能源-材料-氢一体化Nexus （WEMH）框架分析了在水、能源和碳排放约束下的三种钢铁生产途径——高炉-碱性氧炉（BF-BOF）、Midrex直接还原铁(DRI) -电弧炉（EAF）和HYLIII直接还原铁-电弧炉（EAF）。结果表明，DRI工艺与合成气和碳捕集利用与封存（CCUS）相结合可减少60%的二氧化碳排放，而HYLIII和改造后的BF-BOF工艺分别可减少64%和74%的二氧化碳排放。此外，50%的淡水上限显著减少了取水量，淡化系统为Midrex提供29.8 106立方米/年，为HYLIII提供16.4 106立方米/年，为BF-BOF提供1.6 106立方米/年。在每吨二氧化碳排放税下，沿海地区的Midrex产能从每年11.1万吨增加到378万吨，而干旱地区（如Kerman）的燃气发电则下降85%。废物气化取代了通过蒸汽重整产生的31%的氢气，并且在BF-BOF中使用的49%的焦炭被废物衍生的合成气取代，从而使整个系统的二氧化碳排放量减少了65%。这些发现突出表明，需要制定有针对性的区域战略，在确保经济和环境可持续性的同时实现低碳钢生产。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of Tharsis mine tailings for ore reprocessing for potential critical materials recovery 塔尔西斯矿尾矿在矿石后处理中的表征及潜在的关键物料回收

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2025.101133

Gladys A. Ochoa , Pura Alfonso , Percy Escalante , Moacir Medeiros , Carlos Hoffmann Sampaio , Josep Oliva , Jose Luis Cortina , Ana Belén Hernández , Manuel Sevilla

This study characterizes and evaluates the potential recovery of metals from tailings of the Tharsis mine (Huelva, Spain), with a focus on critical raw materials (CRMs) essential for the energy transition. These tailings, generated during past sulfuric acid production from pyrite concentrates, are highly homogeneous, with over 40 % of particles finer than 60 μm. Chemical analyses revealed a uniform distribution of elements such as Cu (0,35 %), Zn (1,06 %), Pb (0,10 %), Co (244 ppm), and Ag (49 ppm), while Sb showed enrichment in finer fractions. Mineralogical results identified pyrite and quartz as the dominant phases across all size ranges. Quantitative mineralogy using the Advanced Mineral Identification and Characterization System (AMICS) and Mineral Liberation Analysis (MLA) confirmed that more than 90 % pyrite is liberated under 60 μm, which suggests strong potential for recovery through gravity concentration using multi-method approaches, including multi-gravity separation (MGS), air jet concentrators, and centrifugal jigs. In addition to exploring fiscal-chemical concentration techniques, such as froth flotation, where grinding to +75–200 μm was identified as the optimal size range for pyrite and quartz liberation, improving flotation performance. The results demonstrate that CRMs can be more sustainably recovered from secondary resources such as mine tailings. In contrast to previous studies, which have mainly focused on leaching, this work emphasizes the efficiency of pre-concentration methods for CRM recovery, thereby reducing the environmental risks associated with hazardous elements. Potential applications of recovered products include batteries, cement, paints, and ceramics, thereby supporting industrial supply chains while contributing to circular economy strategies.

本研究描述并评估了从Tharsis矿（Huelva, Spain）的尾矿中回收金属的潜力，重点关注能源转型所必需的关键原材料。这些尾矿是以往黄铁矿精矿制硫酸过程中产生的尾矿，均质性较好，粒径小于60 μm的尾矿占40%以上。化学分析表明，铜（0.35%）、锌（1.06%）、铅（0.10%）、Co （244ppm）和Ag （49ppm）等元素分布均匀，而Sb则在较细的馏分中富集。矿物学结果表明，黄铁矿和石英是各粒径范围内的主要相。利用先进矿物识别和表征系统（AMICS）和矿物解离分析（MLA）进行的定量矿物学分析证实，超过90%的黄铁矿在60 μm以下被解离，这表明采用多方法（包括多重力分离（MGS）、气流选矿器和离心跳汰机）进行重选具有很强的回收潜力。此外，还探索了泡沫浮选等财政化学富集技术，确定了+75 ~ 200 μm磨矿为黄铁矿和石英分离的最佳粒度范围，提高了浮选性能。结果表明，从矿山尾矿等二次资源中回收可持续性较好。与以往主要关注浸出的研究不同，本研究强调了CRM回收预富集方法的效率，从而降低了与有害元素相关的环境风险。回收产品的潜在应用包括电池、水泥、油漆和陶瓷，从而支持工业供应链，同时促进循环经济战略。

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引用次数: 0

Detection of copper-containing scrap in a post-shredder fraction with machine vision and artificial intelligence towards green-steel production 面向绿色钢铁生产的机器视觉与人工智能技术在粉碎后含铜废料检测中的应用

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2025.101110

G. Koinig , N. Kuhn , T. Fink , B. Lorber , Y. Radmann , W. Martinelli , J. Aberger , E. Grath , A. Tischberger-Aldrian

Copper contamination in scrap input for electric arc furnaces (EAF) causes quality issues in steel production, as copper cannot be removed during melting in EAFs and leads to surface cracking and brittleness in the final products. This work presents a cost-effective AI-based classification and sorting method using single-stage AI detectors to identify copper particles in post-shredder scrap, offering an alternative to X-ray fluorescence or laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. After comparing all sizes of YOLOv8 and YOLOv11, the most promising architecture was further subjected to pruning, hyper parameter optimisation and conversion to decrease its inference latency without compromising its prediction accuracy. The thus generated YOLOv8n model achieved a worst-case inference time of 75 ms/image on CPU testing hardware with a mAP₅₀–₉₅ of 77 %. In terms of object-based accuracy, the testing on the independent test data set resulted in 89 % of all copper particles and 86 % of all iron particles being correctly identified. After these offline tests, a prototype consisting of a conveyor belt, low-cost industrial GPU, an industrial camera and an industrial high pressure nozzle bar was built to gauge the model's deployment into an industrial setting by using hyperparameter tuning and conversion to GPU optimised formats. On this, three-stage separation trials with throughputs ranging from 2.5 t/h to 10 t/h with initial copper contents of 10 % and 25 % were conducted. These trials resulted in a purity of the iron fraction of over 99.3 %, calculated by taking the mass of all copper containing particles in the iron fraction.

电弧炉（EAF）废料输入中的铜污染会导致钢铁生产中的质量问题，因为铜在电弧炉熔化过程中无法去除，导致最终产品的表面开裂和脆性。这项工作提出了一种具有成本效益的基于人工智能的分类和分选方法，使用单级人工智能探测器识别碎纸机后废料中的铜颗粒，提供了x射线荧光或激光诱导击穿光谱的替代方案。在比较了YOLOv8和YOLOv11的所有大小之后，我们进一步对最有希望的架构进行了修剪、超参数优化和转换，以减少其推理延迟，同时不影响其预测精度。由此生成的YOLOv8n模型在CPU测试硬件上实现了75 ms/image的最坏情况推理时间，mAP50-95为77%。在基于对象的准确性方面，在独立测试数据集上的测试导致89%的铜颗粒和86%的铁颗粒被正确识别。在这些离线测试之后，建立了一个由传送带、低成本工业GPU、工业相机和工业高压喷嘴杆组成的原型，通过使用超参数调整和转换为GPU优化格式来衡量模型在工业环境中的部署情况。在此基础上，进行了三阶段分离试验，初始铜含量为10%和25%，分离通量为2.5 t/h至10 t/h。这些试验的结果是，通过计算铁馏分中所有含铜颗粒的质量，铁馏分的纯度超过99.3%。

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