Cleaner Engineering and Technology最新文献_第2页

Optimized biomass and bioethanol production from dairy industry side streams by Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 13007 under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions 酿酒酵母ATCC 13007在好氧和嗜微气条件下从乳制品工业侧流中优化生物质和生物乙醇生产

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2026.101160

Liana Anikyan , Anahit Shirvanyan , Mari Gasparyan , Ani Paloyan , Karen Trchounian , Anna Poladyan

Dairy industry by-products possess high nutritional value, making them suitable substrates for microbial biomass, enzyme, and biofuel production. This study evaluated the potential of sweet whey (SW) and acid whey (AW) for yeast biomass and bioethanol production using the ale-brewing super-attenuated strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 13007. To enhance production yields, SW and AW were pretreated with an archaeal thermostable β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) to hydrolyze lactose into fermentable sugars. Experiments were conducted under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions to assess the effects of oxygen availability on yeast growth and fermentation efficiency. The highest biomass (OD₆₀₀ = 2.20) and specific growth rate (0.40 ± 0.01 h⁻¹) were obtained in 2-fold diluted AW under aerobic conditions, representing a 30–50 % increase compared to microaerophilic conditions. Both SW and AW exhibited significant reductions in pH (∼1.00 ± 0.03) and oxidation–reduction potential (150 ± 10 mV), correlating with yeast metabolic activity. Volatile solids reached 33 ± 0.9 g L⁻¹ in 2-fold diluted AW at 48 h, indicating strong fermentative activity. Protein content approximately doubled under aerobic growth in both substrates but declined in microaerophilic conditions, highlighting the importance of oxygen in biomass and metabolite synthesis. The maximal protein yield (∼52 % of total organic carbon) was achieved in non-diluted SW after 120 h of aerobic cultivation, while the highest ethanol concentration (4.5 ± 0.1 g L ⁻¹) was observed in 2-fold diluted SW after 24 h under microaerophilic conditions. Aerobic conditions resulted in a 10-fold increase in alcohol dehydrogenase activity compared to microaerophilic cultures. Overall, oxygen availability significantly influenced yeast biomass and bioethanol production, demonstrating the feasibility of dairy by-products as cost-effective substrates for single-cell protein and bioethanol generation.

乳制品工业副产品具有很高的营养价值，使其成为微生物生物量、酶和生物燃料生产的合适底物。本研究利用酿酒超减毒菌株Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 13007，评估了甜乳清（SW）和酸乳清（AW）在酵母生物量和生物乙醇生产方面的潜力。为了提高产量，用一种古菌耐热β-葡萄糖苷酶（EC 3.2.1.21）对SW和AW进行预处理，将乳糖水解为可发酵糖。在好氧和微氧条件下进行了实验，以评估氧利用率对酵母生长和发酵效率的影响。在好氧条件下，2倍稀释的AW获得了最高的生物量（OD600 = 2.20）和特定生长率（0.40±0.01 h−1），与微氧条件相比增加了30 - 50%。SW和AW的pH值（~ 1.00±0.03）和氧化还原电位（150±10 mV）均显著降低，与酵母代谢活性相关。经2倍稀释的AW作用48 h，挥发性固形物达到33±0.9 g L−1，具有较强的发酵活性。在好氧生长条件下，两种基质的蛋白质含量几乎翻了一番，但在微氧条件下却有所下降，这突出了氧气在生物量和代谢物合成中的重要性。在有氧培养120 h后，未稀释的SW达到最大蛋白质产量（占总有机碳的52%），而在微氧条件下，2倍稀释的SW在24 h后达到最高乙醇浓度（4.5±0.1 g L−1）。有氧条件导致酒精脱氢酶活性比微生物培养物增加10倍。总的来说，氧的可用性显著影响酵母生物量和生物乙醇的生产，证明了乳制品副产品作为单细胞蛋白质和生物乙醇生产的成本效益底物的可行性。

{"title":"Optimized biomass and bioethanol production from dairy industry side streams by Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 13007 under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions","authors":"Liana Anikyan , Anahit Shirvanyan , Mari Gasparyan , Ani Paloyan , Karen Trchounian , Anna Poladyan","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dairy industry by-products possess high nutritional value, making them suitable substrates for microbial biomass, enzyme, and biofuel production. This study evaluated the potential of sweet whey (SW) and acid whey (AW) for yeast biomass and bioethanol production using the ale-brewing super-attenuated strain <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> ATCC 13007. To enhance production yields, SW and AW were pretreated with an archaeal thermostable β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) to hydrolyze lactose into fermentable sugars. Experiments were conducted under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions to assess the effects of oxygen availability on yeast growth and fermentation efficiency. The highest biomass (OD<sub>600</sub> = 2.20) and specific growth rate (0.40 ± 0.01 h<sup>−1</sup>) were obtained in 2-fold diluted AW under aerobic conditions, representing a 30–50 % increase compared to microaerophilic conditions. Both SW and AW exhibited significant reductions in pH (∼1.00 ± 0.03) and oxidation–reduction potential (150 ± 10 mV), correlating with yeast metabolic activity. Volatile solids reached 33 ± 0.9 g L<sup>−1</sup> in 2-fold diluted AW at 48 h, indicating strong fermentative activity. Protein content approximately doubled under aerobic growth in both substrates but declined in microaerophilic conditions, highlighting the importance of oxygen in biomass and metabolite synthesis. The maximal protein yield (∼52 % of total organic carbon) was achieved in non-diluted SW after 120 h of aerobic cultivation, while the highest ethanol concentration (4.5 ± 0.1 g L <sup>−1</sup>) was observed in 2-fold diluted SW after 24 h under microaerophilic conditions. Aerobic conditions resulted in a 10-fold increase in alcohol dehydrogenase activity compared to microaerophilic cultures. Overall, oxygen availability significantly influenced yeast biomass and bioethanol production, demonstrating the feasibility of dairy by-products as cost-effective substrates for single-cell protein and bioethanol generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101160"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A carbon emission monitoring method based on the average velocity across flue cross-sections 基于烟道横截面平均流速的碳排放监测方法

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2026.101155

Yutong Jiang , Chenghua Zhang , Kaiwen Feng , Zhihui Zheng , Jing Yan , Hairong Wang , Lei Lan , Hailiang Lu

Accurate carbon accounting is essential for equitable global carbon trading, particularly in energy-intensive industries. Existing online monitoring systems enable real-time tracking of flue gas parameters but are often hindered by high costs and low accuracy. To address these challenges, this study proposes a carbon emission monitoring method based on the average flow velocity across the flue cross-section. Simulation results indicate that positioning sensors within the central 0.375D to 0.625D region (where D is the flue diameter) minimizes radial velocity deviations and improves measurement uniformity. A customized laboratory platform validated the proposed method, achieving a 5 % average error between measured and actual emissions. Field verification in a cement plant further demonstrated a relative error of 3.58 % compared with the traditional equal-area method. This method significantly reduces the number of required flow sensors while maintaining comparable accuracy, offering a cost-effective and reliable solution for industrial carbon emission monitoring.

准确的碳核算对于公平的全球碳交易至关重要，尤其是在能源密集型行业。现有的在线监测系统能够实时跟踪烟气参数，但往往受到成本高和准确性低的阻碍。为了解决这些问题，本研究提出了一种基于烟道横截面平均流速的碳排放监测方法。仿真结果表明，将传感器定位在0.375D至0.625D中心区域（其中D为烟道直径）可使径向速度偏差最小化，提高测量均匀性。一个定制的实验室平台验证了所提出的方法，在测量和实际排放量之间实现了5%的平均误差。在某水泥厂的现场验证进一步表明，与传统等面积法相比，该方法的相对误差为3.58%。该方法显著减少了所需流量传感器的数量，同时保持了相当的精度，为工业碳排放监测提供了经济高效且可靠的解决方案。

{"title":"A carbon emission monitoring method based on the average velocity across flue cross-sections","authors":"Yutong Jiang , Chenghua Zhang , Kaiwen Feng , Zhihui Zheng , Jing Yan , Hairong Wang , Lei Lan , Hailiang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate carbon accounting is essential for equitable global carbon trading, particularly in energy-intensive industries. Existing online monitoring systems enable real-time tracking of flue gas parameters but are often hindered by high costs and low accuracy. To address these challenges, this study proposes a carbon emission monitoring method based on the average flow velocity across the flue cross-section. Simulation results indicate that positioning sensors within the central 0.375D to 0.625D region (where D is the flue diameter) minimizes radial velocity deviations and improves measurement uniformity. A customized laboratory platform validated the proposed method, achieving a 5 % average error between measured and actual emissions. Field verification in a cement plant further demonstrated a relative error of 3.58 % compared with the traditional equal-area method. This method significantly reduces the number of required flow sensors while maintaining comparable accuracy, offering a cost-effective and reliable solution for industrial carbon emission monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101155"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photoreactive red mud cementitious composites for environmental remediation 环境修复用光反应性赤泥胶凝复合材料

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2026.101153

Gurbir Kaur , José María Fernández , Íñigo Navarro-Blasco , Sara Pavia , José Ignacio Álvarez

This study explores the recycling of red mud (RM), an iron-rich and highly alkaline residue from the Bayer alumina refining process, as a partial substitute for cement and its valorisation as a low-cost multifunctional photocatalyst within cementitious composites. RM was incorporated as a partial cement substitute (≤15 wt%) in mortars in both oven-dried and thermally treated forms (300 °C and 600 °C), and its effect on hydration, workability, strength, microstructure, leaching behaviour, and embodied CO₂ emissions was assessed. The photocatalytic activity of RM mortars was examined through nitrogen oxide (NO_x) abatement under solar and visible light irradiation. The role of RM in modulating light absorption and its impact on the photocatalytic efficiency of titanium dioxide (TiO₂)-coated mortars was also assessed. Regardless of RM type, partial substitution up to 10 % maintained early-age strength comparable to control mix, whereas higher replacement levels reduced long-term mechanical performance due to limited pozzolanic activity of RM and increased macroporosity of matrix. RM incorporation enhanced photocatalytic efficiency, achieving >8 % NO_x removal, fulfilling Class 3 air-purification criteria. TiO₂ coated RM samples showed 51 % higher visible-light NO_x abatement than control, attributed to strong interactions between TiO₂ and RM's hematite phase. Environmental safety was confirmed by >99 % immobilisation of trace elements and controlled alkali release. Moreover, 15 % RM substitution reduced CO₂ emissions (∼12 %), costs (∼7 %), and life-cycle costs (∼3.5 %), emphasising its dual environmental and economic advantages. Collectively, these findings highlight RM as a high-value additive that couples waste valorisation with photocatalytic air-pollution mitigation, offering a scalable route toward greener construction materials.

本研究探讨了红泥（RM）的回收利用，这是拜耳氧化铝精炼过程中富含铁的高碱性残留物，作为水泥的部分替代品，并在胶凝复合材料中作为低成本多功能光催化剂。将RM作为部分水泥替代品（≤15 wt%）掺入烘干和热处理形式（300°C和600°C）的砂浆中，并评估其对水化，和易性，强度，微观结构，浸出行为和包含的二氧化碳排放的影响。通过对氮氧化物（NOx）的减排，考察了RM砂浆在太阳和可见光照射下的光催化活性。研究了RM对光吸收的调节作用及其对二氧化钛（TiO2）涂层砂浆光催化效率的影响。无论哪种类型的原石，部分替代量达到10%时，其早期强度与对照混合物相当，而较高的替代量会降低原石的长期力学性能，因为原石的火山灰活性有限，并且增加了基质的宏观孔隙度。RM的加入提高了光催化效率，NOx去除率达到8%，达到3级空气净化标准。由于TiO2与RM的赤铁矿相之间的强相互作用，TiO2包覆的RM样品在可见光下的NOx消减率比对照高51%。99%的微量元素固定化和控制碱释放，证实了其环境安全性。此外，15%的RM替代减少了二氧化碳排放（~ 12%）、成本（~ 7%）和生命周期成本（~ 3.5%），强调了其环境和经济的双重优势。总的来说，这些发现突出了RM作为一种高价值的添加剂，将废物增值与光催化空气污染缓解相结合，为更环保的建筑材料提供了可扩展的途径。

{"title":"Photoreactive red mud cementitious composites for environmental remediation","authors":"Gurbir Kaur , José María Fernández , Íñigo Navarro-Blasco , Sara Pavia , José Ignacio Álvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the recycling of red mud (RM), an iron-rich and highly alkaline residue from the Bayer alumina refining process, as a partial substitute for cement and its valorisation as a low-cost multifunctional photocatalyst within cementitious composites. RM was incorporated as a partial cement substitute (≤15 wt%) in mortars in both oven-dried and thermally treated forms (300 °C and 600 °C), and its effect on hydration, workability, strength, microstructure, leaching behaviour, and embodied CO<sub>2</sub> emissions was assessed. The photocatalytic activity of RM mortars was examined through nitrogen oxide (NO<sub>x</sub>) abatement under solar and visible light irradiation. The role of RM in modulating light absorption and its impact on the photocatalytic efficiency of titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>)-coated mortars was also assessed. Regardless of RM type, partial substitution up to 10 % maintained early-age strength comparable to control mix, whereas higher replacement levels reduced long-term mechanical performance due to limited pozzolanic activity of RM and increased macroporosity of matrix. RM incorporation enhanced photocatalytic efficiency, achieving >8 % NO<sub>x</sub> removal, fulfilling Class 3 air-purification criteria. TiO<sub>2</sub> coated RM samples showed 51 % higher visible-light NO<sub>x</sub> abatement than control, attributed to strong interactions between TiO<sub>2</sub> and RM's hematite phase. Environmental safety was confirmed by >99 % immobilisation of trace elements and controlled alkali release. Moreover, 15 % RM substitution reduced CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (∼12 %), costs (∼7 %), and life-cycle costs (∼3.5 %), emphasising its dual environmental and economic advantages. Collectively, these findings highlight RM as a high-value additive that couples waste valorisation with photocatalytic air-pollution mitigation, offering a scalable route toward greener construction materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101153"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plastic waste in concrete: Data-driven insights into strength behavior 混凝土中的塑料废物：数据驱动的强度行为洞察

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2026.101154

Abdullah Miah, Md Jahidul Islam

Rapid urbanization and global population growth lead to a rise in plastic waste (PW) worldwide, making recycling a global challenge. A sustainable approach using PW in concrete industry may minimize the adverse effects. Integration of PW in concrete impacts mechanical performance, particularly compressive strength (CS). In addition, identifying the exact contribution of plastic remains difficult, particularly due to its heterogeneous characteristic and complex interactions within the concrete matrix. Hence, this study provides a comprehensive machine learning (ML) technique to predict the CS of plastic aggregate concrete (PAC). Considering this, a wide range of datasets comprising 612 experimental test outcomes was compiled from 74 literature sources. Seventeen widely adopted ML models including linear, tree-based, ensemble, and neural network algorithms were developed using eight influential input parameters. Among all models, MLPNN outperformed showing highest accuracy (R² = 0.826), with more than 75% of training and 70% of testing predictions falling within a minor error range. The narrow 95% Confidence Interval of ±0.9928 MPa further demonstrates low prediction variability. The sensitivity analyses using SHAP, ICE, and feature importance reported that dry unit weight, W/C ratio, and plastic aggregate (PA) addition are most impactful parameters. Results show that PA replacement up to 5% can maintain or slightly enhance CS, whereas higher additions (up to 20%) may reduce strength by around 5 MPa. This investigation offers a sustainable approach to concrete design using PW with the help of ML, which can be further enhanced through a GUI-based practical application and utilized by designers for PAC.

快速城市化和全球人口增长导致全球塑料垃圾（PW）增加，使回收成为一项全球性挑战。在混凝土工业中可持续地使用PW可以最大限度地减少不利影响。PW在混凝土中的集成影响力学性能，特别是抗压强度（CS）。此外，确定塑料的确切贡献仍然很困难，特别是由于其异质特性和混凝土基体内复杂的相互作用。因此，本研究提供了一种全面的机器学习（ML）技术来预测塑料骨料混凝土（PAC）的CS。考虑到这一点，从74个文献来源中编译了包括612个实验测试结果的广泛数据集。17种广泛采用的ML模型，包括线性、基于树的、集成和神经网络算法，使用8个有影响力的输入参数开发。在所有模型中，MLPNN表现出最高的准确率（R2 = 0.826），超过75%的训练预测和70%的测试预测落在很小的误差范围内。95%置信区间为±0.9928 MPa，进一步表明预测变异性较低。使用SHAP、ICE和特征重要性进行的敏感性分析报告称，干单位重、W/C比和塑料骨料（PA）添加量是最具影响的参数。结果表明，添加5%的PA可以维持或略微提高CS，而添加20%的PA可能会使强度降低约5mpa。本研究提供了一种在ML的帮助下使用PW进行混凝土设计的可持续方法，可以通过基于gui的实际应用进一步增强，并被设计人员用于PAC。

{"title":"Plastic waste in concrete: Data-driven insights into strength behavior","authors":"Abdullah Miah, Md Jahidul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid urbanization and global population growth lead to a rise in plastic waste (PW) worldwide, making recycling a global challenge. A sustainable approach using PW in concrete industry may minimize the adverse effects. Integration of PW in concrete impacts mechanical performance, particularly compressive strength (CS). In addition, identifying the exact contribution of plastic remains difficult, particularly due to its heterogeneous characteristic and complex interactions within the concrete matrix. Hence, this study provides a comprehensive machine learning (ML) technique to predict the CS of plastic aggregate concrete (PAC). Considering this, a wide range of datasets comprising 612 experimental test outcomes was compiled from 74 literature sources. Seventeen widely adopted ML models including linear, tree-based, ensemble, and neural network algorithms were developed using eight influential input parameters. Among all models, MLPNN outperformed showing highest accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.826), with more than 75% of training and 70% of testing predictions falling within a minor error range. The narrow 95% Confidence Interval of ±0.9928 MPa further demonstrates low prediction variability. The sensitivity analyses using SHAP, ICE, and feature importance reported that dry unit weight, W/C ratio, and plastic aggregate (PA) addition are most impactful parameters. Results show that PA replacement up to 5% can maintain or slightly enhance CS, whereas higher additions (up to 20%) may reduce strength by around 5 MPa. This investigation offers a sustainable approach to concrete design using PW with the help of ML, which can be further enhanced through a GUI-based practical application and utilized by designers for PAC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101154"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual valorization of bamboo waste via superheated steam torrefaction: Efficient bioenergy production and pollutant adsorption 竹材废弃物过热蒸汽焙烧的双重增值：高效生物能源生产和污染物吸附

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2026.101152

Qiaohui Peng , Haibo Meng , Yi Liu , Nannan Wu , Na Duan , Dongdong Zhang

Bamboo waste is an abundant renewable biomass, yet its direct use as fuel is limited by high moisture and low calorific value. Developing efficient valorization strategies is therefore essential for sustainable energy and environmental applications. This study aimed to evaluate superheated steam (SHS) torrefaction as a dual-purpose approach to upgrade bamboo waste into solid biofuel and cationic dye adsorbent. Bamboo waste was torrefied at 200–300 °C for 15–60 min. The solid products were characterized for physicochemical and fuel properties, as well as adsorption performance. The most severe treatment (300 °C, 60 min) yields biomass with the lowest weight yield of 41.25 wt% and HHV (28.72 MJ/kg) similar to coal, while a milder condition (300 °C, 15 min) balanced energy yield and combustion performance, making it suitable as a direct fuel. On the other hand, torrefied bamboo obtained under moderate conditions (250 °C, 15 min) exhibited abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 118.7 mg/g for methylene blue. These findings suggest that SHS torrefaction efficiently upgrades bamboo waste into high-quality biochar with potential applications in affordable energy and chemisorption-driven cationic pollutant removal.

竹废料是一种丰富的可再生生物质，但其作为燃料的直接利用受到高水分和低热值的限制。因此，制定有效的定价战略对可持续能源和环境应用至关重要。本研究旨在评估过热蒸汽（SHS）焙烧作为一种将竹废弃物升级为固体生物燃料和阳离子染料吸附剂的双重途径。竹材废料在200-300℃下固化15-60 min。对固体产物进行了物理化学、燃料性能和吸附性能表征。在最严酷的条件下（300°C， 60分钟）产生的生物质重量产率最低，为41.25 wt%, HHV （28.72 MJ/kg）与煤相似，而在较温和的条件下（300°C， 15分钟）平衡了能量产率和燃烧性能，使其适合作为直接燃料。另一方面，在中等条件下（250°C, 15 min）得到的碳化竹具有丰富的含氧官能团，对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附量为118.7 mg/g。这些发现表明，SHS焙烧有效地将竹废弃物升级为高质量的生物炭，在经济实惠的能源和化学吸附驱动的阳离子污染物去除方面具有潜在的应用前景。

{"title":"Dual valorization of bamboo waste via superheated steam torrefaction: Efficient bioenergy production and pollutant adsorption","authors":"Qiaohui Peng , Haibo Meng , Yi Liu , Nannan Wu , Na Duan , Dongdong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bamboo waste is an abundant renewable biomass, yet its direct use as fuel is limited by high moisture and low calorific value. Developing efficient valorization strategies is therefore essential for sustainable energy and environmental applications. This study aimed to evaluate superheated steam (SHS) torrefaction as a dual-purpose approach to upgrade bamboo waste into solid biofuel and cationic dye adsorbent. Bamboo waste was torrefied at 200–300 °C for 15–60 min. The solid products were characterized for physicochemical and fuel properties, as well as adsorption performance. The most severe treatment (300 °C, 60 min) yields biomass with the lowest weight yield of 41.25 wt% and HHV (28.72 MJ/kg) similar to coal, while a milder condition (300 °C, 15 min) balanced energy yield and combustion performance, making it suitable as a direct fuel. On the other hand, torrefied bamboo obtained under moderate conditions (250 °C, 15 min) exhibited abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 118.7 mg/g for methylene blue. These findings suggest that SHS torrefaction efficiently upgrades bamboo waste into high-quality biochar with potential applications in affordable energy and chemisorption-driven cationic pollutant removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101152"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advanced backfilling technology for maintaining pile installation precision in urban redevelopment 城市改造中保持桩安装精度的先进回填技术

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2026.101150

Haruka Kiyotomo , Yuji Taya , Masahiro Ueda , Shinya Inazumi

The accelerating pace of urban redevelopment has significantly increased the demand for pile removal, presenting critical challenges in maintaining ground stability and ensuring construction accuracy. This study presents a comprehensive methodology for achieving controlled, uniform strength characteristics in backfilled zones following pile extraction. This methodology combines the simultaneous penetration and injection of a cement-bentonite (CB) slurry with mechanical mixing using an optimized auger system. Through field implementation involving the removal of 350–400 mm diameter, 20 m deep prestressed concrete piles in cohesive clay ground conditions, the methodology achieved a mean unconfined compressive strength of over 100 kN/m² at 87 % of the sampling locations. Cores sampled 26 days after backfilling and tested 28 days after backfilling achieved a characteristic strength (mean minus one standard deviation) of 85–95 kN/m² depending on the location. This demonstrates improved uniformity (coefficient of variation 12–19 %). Laboratory mixing tests determined the optimal water-to-cement ratio to be between 500 and 600 percent, based on the pile body-to-perimeter soil ratio. Field validation with 45 new pile installations (1000 mm in diameter) adjacent to backfilled zones maintained positional accuracy within acceptable tolerance limits (≤100 mm). The highest eccentricity values were observed in the approximate 3–8 % overlap range. However, given that only 5 piles exhibited partial overlap, no statistical threshold can be established from this dataset. This observation is purely descriptive and indicative and is intended solely as a practical caution for future projects, not as a validated design criterion. This methodology provides a reliable solution for urban redevelopment projects involving cohesive clay ground conditions, with pile diameters ranging from 350 to 1000 mm and depths up to 20 m. New piles should be installed no earlier than 28 days after backfilling. Long-term performance beyond 90 days remains to be verified.

随着城市再开发步伐的加快，对拆桩的需求显著增加，对维护地基稳定性和保证施工精度提出了严峻的挑战。本研究提出了一种综合的方法，用于在抽桩后的回填区实现可控的、均匀的强度特性。该方法结合了水泥-膨润土（CB）浆料的同时渗透和注入，并使用优化的螺旋钻系统进行机械搅拌。通过现场实施，包括在粘性粘土地基条件下拆除直径350-400毫米、深度20米的预应力混凝土桩，该方法在87%的采样地点实现了平均无侧限抗压强度超过100千牛/平方米。充填后26天取样岩心，充填后28天测试岩心，根据位置的不同，岩心的特征强度（平均值-一个标准差）在85-95 kN/m2之间。这证明了均匀性的提高（变异系数12 - 19%）。实验室混合测试确定了最佳的水灰比在500%到600%之间，这是基于桩体与周围土壤的比例。现场验证在回填区附近安装了45个新桩（直径1000毫米），定位精度保持在可接受的公差范围内（≤100毫米）。在大约3 - 8%的重叠范围内观察到最高的偏心值。然而，由于只有5个桩出现部分重叠，因此无法从该数据集中建立统计阈值。这种观察纯粹是描述性的和指示性的，并且仅仅是作为未来项目的实际警告，而不是作为经过验证的设计标准。该方法为涉及粘性粘土地基条件的城市重建项目提供了可靠的解决方案，桩直径从350到1000毫米，深度可达20米。新桩应不早于回填后28天安装。超过90天的长期性能仍有待验证。

{"title":"Advanced backfilling technology for maintaining pile installation precision in urban redevelopment","authors":"Haruka Kiyotomo , Yuji Taya , Masahiro Ueda , Shinya Inazumi","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accelerating pace of urban redevelopment has significantly increased the demand for pile removal, presenting critical challenges in maintaining ground stability and ensuring construction accuracy. This study presents a comprehensive methodology for achieving controlled, uniform strength characteristics in backfilled zones following pile extraction. This methodology combines the simultaneous penetration and injection of a cement-bentonite (CB) slurry with mechanical mixing using an optimized auger system. Through field implementation involving the removal of 350–400 mm diameter, 20 m deep prestressed concrete piles in cohesive clay ground conditions, the methodology achieved a mean unconfined compressive strength of over 100 kN/m<sup>2</sup> at 87 % of the sampling locations. Cores sampled 26 days after backfilling and tested 28 days after backfilling achieved a characteristic strength (mean minus one standard deviation) of 85–95 kN/m<sup>2</sup> depending on the location. This demonstrates improved uniformity (coefficient of variation 12–19 %). Laboratory mixing tests determined the optimal water-to-cement ratio to be between 500 and 600 percent, based on the pile body-to-perimeter soil ratio. Field validation with 45 new pile installations (1000 mm in diameter) adjacent to backfilled zones maintained positional accuracy within acceptable tolerance limits (≤100 mm). The highest eccentricity values were observed in the approximate 3–8 % overlap range. However, given that only 5 piles exhibited partial overlap, no statistical threshold can be established from this dataset. This observation is purely descriptive and indicative and is intended solely as a practical caution for future projects, not as a validated design criterion. This methodology provides a reliable solution for urban redevelopment projects involving cohesive clay ground conditions, with pile diameters ranging from 350 to 1000 mm and depths up to 20 m. New piles should be installed no earlier than 28 days after backfilling. Long-term performance beyond 90 days remains to be verified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101150"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photocatalytic degradation of vehicle emissions using reduced graphene oxide-titanium dioxide modified pavement materials in cold regions 使用还原氧化石墨烯-二氧化钛改性路面材料在寒冷地区光催化降解车辆排放

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2026.101149

Sitong Bie , Yang Yang , Haiping Liu , Jie Li , Hongsheng Yang , Xiaotong Qiao

To enhance the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) in degrading vehicle emissions on pavement surfaces, this study synthesized reduced graphene oxide-titanium dioxide (rGO-TiO₂) composites with varied reduced graphene oxide (rGO) doping ratios via hydrothermal method. The microstructure and optical properties of the composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS). Results showed that rGO incorporation significantly improved the visible-light utilization and photocatalytic efficiency of TiO₂. Targeting cold-region applications, an rGO-TiO₂ photocatalytic asphalt mixture and a dedicated vehicle emission degradation test system were developed, with the composite applied as a water-based coating on asphalt specimens. Degradation experiments revealed optimal performance at 5.0 wt% rGO doping and 667 g/m² coating spray amount. Low-temperature environments notably reduced degradation efficiency for hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) but had minimal impact on nitrogen oxides (NO). This research demonstrates the potential of rGO-TiO₂ modified materials for developing sustainable, eco-friendly pavements in cold regions.

为了提高二氧化钛（TiO2）降解路面车辆尾气的光催化性能，本研究采用水热法合成了不同还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）掺杂比例的还原氧化石墨烯-二氧化钛（rGO-TiO2）复合材料。利用x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）对复合材料的微观结构和光学性能进行了表征。结果表明，氧化石墨烯的加入显著提高了TiO2的可见光利用率和光催化效率。针对寒冷地区的应用，开发了rGO-TiO2光催化沥青混合料和专用的车辆排放降解测试系统，并将该复合材料作为水基涂层应用于沥青样品上。降解实验表明，当氧化石墨烯掺杂量为5.0 wt%，涂层喷施量为667 g/m2时，降解性能最佳。低温环境显著降低了碳氢化合物（HC）和一氧化碳（CO）的降解效率，但对氮氧化物（NO）的影响最小。这项研究证明了氧化石墨烯-二氧化钛改性材料在寒冷地区开发可持续、环保路面的潜力。

{"title":"Photocatalytic degradation of vehicle emissions using reduced graphene oxide-titanium dioxide modified pavement materials in cold regions","authors":"Sitong Bie , Yang Yang , Haiping Liu , Jie Li , Hongsheng Yang , Xiaotong Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) in degrading vehicle emissions on pavement surfaces, this study synthesized reduced graphene oxide-titanium dioxide (rGO-TiO<sub>2</sub>) composites with varied reduced graphene oxide (rGO) doping ratios via hydrothermal method. The microstructure and optical properties of the composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS). Results showed that rGO incorporation significantly improved the visible-light utilization and photocatalytic efficiency of TiO<sub>2</sub>. Targeting cold-region applications, an rGO-TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalytic asphalt mixture and a dedicated vehicle emission degradation test system were developed, with the composite applied as a water-based coating on asphalt specimens. Degradation experiments revealed optimal performance at 5.0 wt% rGO doping and 667 g/m<sup>2</sup> coating spray amount. Low-temperature environments notably reduced degradation efficiency for hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) but had minimal impact on nitrogen oxides (NO). This research demonstrates the potential of rGO-TiO<sub>2</sub> modified materials for developing sustainable, eco-friendly pavements in cold regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101149"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioplastics from renewable waste: Safe and edible wrapping materials for farm animal feeds 来自可再生废物的生物塑料：用于农场动物饲料的安全可食用的包装材料

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2026.101148

Jaspreet Kaur , Sibel Irmak

Wrapping materials used for farm animal feeds (e.g., bales) are mostly polyethylene-based plastics which are required to be removed from the bales before feeding the farm animals. Feeding cattle without removing the plastic binding on the bales (grinding bales with wrap) causes serious problems on animal health. In the present study, the bioplastics were developed from low-grade woody biomass and low-value/non-edible proteins (poultry feathers keratin) as main ingredients. The bioplastic formulations were also composed of starch and glycerol in low quantities. The mixture containing biomass/feather ratio of 5/0.9 (w/w) and starch/glycerol ratio of 3.75/1 (w/w) resulted in a good bioplastic. Addition of PVA to the formulation in a small quantity (PVA/starch: 1/20, w/w) improved physical properties of the bioplastics (smoother and more even surface) while decreasing the carbohydrate content (starch or biomass) of the formulations resulted in fragile films. The bioplastics developed were susceptible to degradation in open environmental conditions as having high water absorption (95 %) and high transparency (1.74) values. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the bioplastics developed were thermally stable until 75 °C and not decomposed until 200 °C. These bioplastics also showed high digestibility in the rumen microbes (>95 %) indicating they are edible and digestible for farm animals. One of the promising bioplastics withstood one year in a barn-like wooden room without considerable changes in its structure and with no degradation. However, this bioplastic completely degraded in 4 months in open environmental conditions.

用于农场动物饲料的包装材料（例如，包）主要是聚乙烯基塑料，在喂养农场动物之前需要从包中取出。不除去捆包上的塑料绑扎（用包裹把捆捆磨碎）就给牛喂食会对动物健康造成严重问题。在本研究中，以低品位木质生物质和低价值/不可食用蛋白（家禽羽毛角蛋白）为主要成分开发生物塑料。生物塑料制剂也由少量的淀粉和甘油组成。生物质/羽毛比为5/0.9 (w/w)，淀粉/甘油比为3.75/1 （w/w）的混合物可获得良好的生物塑料。在配方中加入少量的PVA （PVA/starch: 1/20, w/w）改善了生物塑料的物理性能（表面更光滑，更均匀），同时降低了配方中的碳水化合物含量（淀粉或生物质），导致薄膜易碎。开发的生物塑料具有高吸水率（95%）和高透明度（1.74）值，易在开放环境条件下降解。热重分析（TGA）表明，制备的生物塑料在75℃前热稳定，在200℃前不分解。这些生物塑料在瘤胃微生物中也显示出较高的消化率（95%），表明它们是可食用和可消化的。其中一种很有前途的生物塑料在谷仓状的木制房间里经受了一年的考验，其结构没有发生重大变化，也没有降解。然而，在开放环境条件下，这种生物塑料在4个月内完全降解。

{"title":"Bioplastics from renewable waste: Safe and edible wrapping materials for farm animal feeds","authors":"Jaspreet Kaur , Sibel Irmak","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wrapping materials used for farm animal feeds (e.g., bales) are mostly polyethylene-based plastics which are required to be removed from the bales before feeding the farm animals. Feeding cattle without removing the plastic binding on the bales (grinding bales with wrap) causes serious problems on animal health. In the present study, the bioplastics were developed from low-grade woody biomass and low-value/non-edible proteins (poultry feathers keratin) as main ingredients. The bioplastic formulations were also composed of starch and glycerol in low quantities. The mixture containing biomass/feather ratio of 5/0.9 (w/w) and starch/glycerol ratio of 3.75/1 (w/w) resulted in a good bioplastic. Addition of PVA to the formulation in a small quantity (PVA/starch: 1/20, w/w) improved physical properties of the bioplastics (smoother and more even surface) while decreasing the carbohydrate content (starch or biomass) of the formulations resulted in fragile films. The bioplastics developed were susceptible to degradation in open environmental conditions as having high water absorption (95 %) and high transparency (1.74) values. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the bioplastics developed were thermally stable until 75 °C and not decomposed until 200 °C. These bioplastics also showed high digestibility in the rumen microbes (>95 %) indicating they are edible and digestible for farm animals. One of the promising bioplastics withstood one year in a barn-like wooden room without considerable changes in its structure and with no degradation. However, this bioplastic completely degraded in 4 months in open environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101148"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Magnetic-flotation: a sustainable solution for the flotation recycling of batteries’ blackmass 磁浮选：电池黑块浮选回收的可持续解决方案

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2026.101146

Rihan Efendi , Mehdi Parian , Saeed Chehreh Chelgani

Rising interest in lithium-ion batteries as a key energy-storage option underscores the pressing need to develop recycling approaches that are both environmentally responsible and high-performing, especially for black mass rich in recoverable graphite and cathode active materials (CAMs). Froth flotation is the well-known technique for separating ultrafine CAM particles from graphite. Flotation beneficiation operates on the principle of surface properties, while binders in the batteries complicate the separation process. This study introduces magnetic-assisted flotation (MAGFLO) as a novel and environmentally friendly approach to enhance the flotation-based recycling of blackmass for nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) batteries. The MAGFLO leverages CAMs' magnetic susceptibility and hydrophilicity to improve their separation from non-magnetic and hydrophobic graphite, thereby reducing dependence on thermal/chemical surface modifications. The MAGFLO system was implemented as a retrofit setup, and experiments were conducted using an electromagnet with different setups (voltage: 10, 20, or 30) across various flotation cells (steel and stainless-steel) and configurations. Flotation results indicated that the magnetic properties of CAM particles could enhance their separation from graphite. SEM analysis revealed that fine CAM particles adhered to graphite particles, potentially influencing process efficiency. However, particle entrapment could be minimized by using magnetic field pulsation (the “on/off interval” mode of the electromagnet). The steel cell generally showed a higher separation efficiency with over 90 % CAM recovery. Overall, MAGFLO demonstrated strong potential as a sustainable and scalable approach for future industrial recycling applications.

人们对锂离子电池作为一种关键的储能选择的兴趣日益浓厚，这突显了开发既环保又高性能的回收方法的迫切需要，特别是对于富含可回收石墨和阴极活性材料（CAMs）的黑色物质。泡沫浮选是一种众所周知的从石墨中分离超细颗粒的技术。浮选选矿的原理是表面性质，而电池中的粘合剂使分离过程复杂化。本研究介绍了磁辅助浮选（MAGFLO）作为一种新的环保方法，以提高镍锰钴（NMC）电池黑块的浮选回收。MAGFLO利用cam的磁化率和亲水性来改善其与非磁性和疏水性石墨的分离，从而减少对热/化学表面修饰的依赖。MAGFLO系统作为一种改造装置，在不同的浮选池（钢和不锈钢）和配置中使用不同设置（电压：10、20或30）的电磁铁进行了实验。浮选结果表明，CAM颗粒的磁性能有利于其与石墨的分离。SEM分析表明，细小的CAM颗粒粘附在石墨颗粒上，可能影响工艺效率。然而，可以通过使用磁场脉动（电磁铁的“开/关间隔”模式）来最小化粒子捕获。钢池一般具有较高的分离效率，CAM回收率在90%以上。总的来说，MAGFLO作为一种可持续的、可扩展的方法，在未来的工业回收应用中表现出了强大的潜力。

{"title":"Magnetic-flotation: a sustainable solution for the flotation recycling of batteries’ blackmass","authors":"Rihan Efendi , Mehdi Parian , Saeed Chehreh Chelgani","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rising interest in lithium-ion batteries as a key energy-storage option underscores the pressing need to develop recycling approaches that are both environmentally responsible and high-performing, especially for black mass rich in recoverable graphite and cathode active materials (CAMs). Froth flotation is the well-known technique for separating ultrafine CAM particles from graphite. Flotation beneficiation operates on the principle of surface properties, while binders in the batteries complicate the separation process. This study introduces magnetic-assisted flotation (MAGFLO) as a novel and environmentally friendly approach to enhance the flotation-based recycling of blackmass for nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) batteries. The MAGFLO leverages CAMs' magnetic susceptibility and hydrophilicity to improve their separation from non-magnetic and hydrophobic graphite, thereby reducing dependence on thermal/chemical surface modifications. The MAGFLO system was implemented as a retrofit setup, and experiments were conducted using an electromagnet with different setups (voltage: 10, 20, or 30) across various flotation cells (steel and stainless-steel) and configurations. Flotation results indicated that the magnetic properties of CAM particles could enhance their separation from graphite. SEM analysis revealed that fine CAM particles adhered to graphite particles, potentially influencing process efficiency. However, particle entrapment could be minimized by using magnetic field pulsation (the “on/off interval” mode of the electromagnet). The steel cell generally showed a higher separation efficiency with over 90 % CAM recovery. Overall, MAGFLO demonstrated strong potential as a sustainable and scalable approach for future industrial recycling applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101146"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Financial support efficiency for China's green industries: A DEA and system dynamics analysis 中国绿色产业的金融支持效率：DEA和系统动力学分析

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2026.101144

Wenke Wang , Kang Li , Yang Liu , Tao Zheng , Zhiyan Zhou

The green and low-carbon (GL) industry, which has become a strategic industry prioritized by the Chinese government in this era of green transformation, is vital for achieving China's carbon peaking and neutrality goals. To achieve sustainable and healthy development of the GL industry, it is indispensable to improve the efficiency of financial resources and financial market's incentive mechanisms. This paper introduces a comprehensive research framework that combines DEA, Tobit regression, and a SD model to evaluate the financial support efficiency (FSE) of China's GL industry and analyzed the evolutionary trends of various financial factors on FSE. The results reveal that the efficiency of financial resource allocation in the GL industry is not yet optimal, and pure technical efficiency (PTE) is the key factor restricting firms from effectively achieving comprehensive efficiency. The overall FSE demonstrated a slight downward trend, which was predominantly related to the small decline in comprehensive technical efficiency (TE). Bank loans and corporate bond financing negatively impact the FSE of GL firms, whereas equity and internal financing exert a significant positive effect. The study proposes corresponding policy recommendations, including enriching financing channels, improving the internal management of firms, and performing appropriate government functions.

绿色低碳产业对于实现中国的碳调峰和碳中和目标至关重要，已成为中国政府在绿色转型时代优先发展的战略性产业。要实现GL行业的持续健康发展，必须提高金融资源的效率和金融市场的激励机制。本文引入了DEA、Tobit回归和SD模型相结合的综合研究框架，对中国GL产业的金融支持效率进行了评价，并分析了各种金融因素对金融支持效率的演化趋势。研究结果表明，GL行业的财务资源配置效率尚未达到最优水平，纯技术效率是制约企业有效实现综合效率的关键因素。整体FSE呈小幅下降趋势，主要与综合技术效率（TE）小幅下降有关。银行贷款和公司债券融资对GL公司的FSE有负向影响，而股权和内部融资对GL公司的FSE有显著的正向影响。研究提出了相应的政策建议，包括丰富融资渠道、完善企业内部管理、适当履行政府职能等。

{"title":"Financial support efficiency for China's green industries: A DEA and system dynamics analysis","authors":"Wenke Wang , Kang Li , Yang Liu , Tao Zheng , Zhiyan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The green and low-carbon (GL) industry, which has become a strategic industry prioritized by the Chinese government in this era of green transformation, is vital for achieving China's carbon peaking and neutrality goals. To achieve sustainable and healthy development of the GL industry, it is indispensable to improve the efficiency of financial resources and financial market's incentive mechanisms. This paper introduces a comprehensive research framework that combines DEA, Tobit regression, and a SD model to evaluate the financial support efficiency (FSE) of China's GL industry and analyzed the evolutionary trends of various financial factors on FSE. The results reveal that the efficiency of financial resource allocation in the GL industry is not yet optimal, and pure technical efficiency (PTE) is the key factor restricting firms from effectively achieving comprehensive efficiency. The overall FSE demonstrated a slight downward trend, which was predominantly related to the small decline in comprehensive technical efficiency (TE). Bank loans and corporate bond financing negatively impact the FSE of GL firms, whereas equity and internal financing exert a significant positive effect. The study proposes corresponding policy recommendations, including enriching financing channels, improving the internal management of firms, and performing appropriate government functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101144"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0