Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2024.100799
Krushna Gharat, Kashyap Dharini, Kshitija Japhalekar, Harsha G. Madhankar, Rekha S. Singhal
Sugarcane juice (ScJ) is a natural and renewable reservoir of sucrose, which makes it a sustainable carbon source for fermentative production of microbial products. This study encompasses the production of an oleaginous yeast (OY), Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae MTCC247 on ScJ-based nutrient medium and optimization of the fermentation process. Initially, ScJ was clarified by cloud point extraction (CPE) of polyphenols using Box Behnken Design resulting in 90.88 % reduction in polyphenols. After individual optimization of fermentation parameters such as initial pH, incubation temperature, agitation speed, aeration ratio and inoculum size, suitability of clarified ScJ as a sole carbon source was established by incorporating it in a fermentation medium to produce OY. Using a rotatable central composite design, optimal concentrations of medium components were determined to achieve maximum biomass production of 23.13 ± 1.72 g/L and maximum lipid production of 7.15 ± 0.377 g/L. The dynamics of fatty acid pool in OY were studied throughout fermentation. For efficient lipid extraction, a combination of mechanical method (high-speed homogenization) and chemical methods (acid treatment) could recover 93.14 ± 12 % lipids. Thus, this study illustrates the potential of clarified ScJ as a sustainable carbon source in bioprocessing of lipids from OY.
{"title":"Cloud point extraction of phenolics from sugarcane juice improves its usability as a carbon source in bioprocessing of lipids from Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae MTCC247","authors":"Krushna Gharat, Kashyap Dharini, Kshitija Japhalekar, Harsha G. Madhankar, Rekha S. Singhal","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sugarcane juice (ScJ) is a natural and renewable reservoir of sucrose, which makes it a sustainable carbon source for fermentative production of microbial products. This study encompasses the production of an oleaginous yeast (OY), <em>Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae</em> MTCC247 on ScJ-based nutrient medium and optimization of the fermentation process. Initially, ScJ was clarified by cloud point extraction (CPE) of polyphenols using Box Behnken Design resulting in 90.88 % reduction in polyphenols. After individual optimization of fermentation parameters such as initial pH, incubation temperature, agitation speed, aeration ratio and inoculum size, suitability of clarified ScJ as a sole carbon source was established by incorporating it in a fermentation medium to produce OY. Using a rotatable central composite design, optimal concentrations of medium components were determined to achieve maximum biomass production of 23.13 <strong>±</strong> 1.72 g/L and maximum lipid production of 7.15 <strong>±</strong> 0.377 g/L. The dynamics of fatty acid pool in OY were studied throughout fermentation. For efficient lipid extraction, a combination of mechanical method (high-speed homogenization) and chemical methods (acid treatment) could recover 93.14 ± 12 % lipids. Thus, this study illustrates the potential of clarified ScJ as a sustainable carbon source in bioprocessing of lipids from OY.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100799"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266679082400079X/pdfft?md5=1b26650a2b9c6dc88b02931ec9b7a14e&pid=1-s2.0-S266679082400079X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2024.100802
Jaafar Ballout , Ma'moun Al-Rawashdeh , Dhabia Al-Mohannadi , Joseph Rousseau , Gareth Burton , Patrick Linke
The pressing need to significantly reduce global CO2 emissions requires the decarbonization of the shipping industry. Currently, shipping relies on fossil fuels with a shift from heavy oil to liquefied natural gas. The main engine is the primary energy user onboard vessels, and its exhaust is the main CO2 emission source. A potential path to reduce emissions onboard vessels is the capture, compression, and storage of CO2 from the exhaust gases. This requires effective integration across the engine, the capture technology, the CO2 compression, cooling, and storage. The integration of four alternative capture technology options is conceptually explored and assessed: chemical absorption, membranes, temperature swing adsorption, and cryogenic distillation. Integration schemes are developed for each of the four technologies that achieve carbon capture, compression, and storage driven by the exhaust gas waste heat as the only energy source. Heat and power requirements are met through heat integration and heat-to-power conversions using organic Rankine cycles (ORCs). The study was performed on an LNG vessel using LNG fuel in its main engine. Thermal capture technologies (absorption and adsorption) are observed to significantly outperform their alternatives (membranes and cryogenic distillation) and capture, compress, and store more than twice the amount of CO2 emissions from the engine exhaust stream. Finally, the proposed integration schemes resulted in self-sustainable onboard capture systems without combusting additional fuel.
{"title":"Assessment of CO2 capture and storage onboard LNG vessels driven by energy recovery from engine exhaust","authors":"Jaafar Ballout , Ma'moun Al-Rawashdeh , Dhabia Al-Mohannadi , Joseph Rousseau , Gareth Burton , Patrick Linke","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pressing need to significantly reduce global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions requires the decarbonization of the shipping industry. Currently, shipping relies on fossil fuels with a shift from heavy oil to liquefied natural gas. The main engine is the primary energy user onboard vessels, and its exhaust is the main CO<sub>2</sub> emission source. A potential path to reduce emissions onboard vessels is the capture, compression, and storage of CO<sub>2</sub> from the exhaust gases. This requires effective integration across the engine, the capture technology, the CO<sub>2</sub> compression, cooling, and storage. The integration of four alternative capture technology options is conceptually explored and assessed: chemical absorption, membranes, temperature swing adsorption, and cryogenic distillation. Integration schemes are developed for each of the four technologies that achieve carbon capture, compression, and storage driven by the exhaust gas waste heat as the only energy source. Heat and power requirements are met through heat integration and heat-to-power conversions using organic Rankine cycles (ORCs). The study was performed on an LNG vessel using LNG fuel in its main engine. Thermal capture technologies (absorption and adsorption) are observed to significantly outperform their alternatives (membranes and cryogenic distillation) and capture, compress, and store more than twice the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the engine exhaust stream. Finally, the proposed integration schemes resulted in self-sustainable onboard capture systems without combusting additional fuel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100802"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266679082400082X/pdfft?md5=385054562efbfc44ac3011361404bff7&pid=1-s2.0-S266679082400082X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a densely populated country experiencing rapid economic growth, Bangladesh faces a surging demand for energy. Despite efforts to develop renewable energy sources, coal remains a significant share of the energy mix with a consumption of 2,099,900 tons. However, conventional coal utilization raises environmental concerns like greenhouse gas emissions and other hazardous pollutants. To tackle these issues, viable solutions like clean coal technologies come into play. These encompass high-efficiency low-emission (HELE) power stations, carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) systems, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), as well as supercritical and ultra-supercritical steam cycles (S/USC), providing adequate means to reduce the ecological effects tied to coal-powered electricity production. This paper asserts that the strategic adoption of clean coal technologies can play a pivotal role in shaping Bangladesh's sustainable energy future, contingent upon robust policy frameworks, environmental impact and recommend that the government must incentivize HELE, CCUS, and clean coal as well as promote international collaboration. Moreover, modern coal preparation techniques and the future research direction are also discussed in this paper and additionally this study suggests that HELE technologies are more suitable for Bangladesh than other current technologies. These strategies have the potential to yield enhanced economic benefits and offer viable solutions for achieving the clean and efficient conversion of coal resources.
作为一个人口稠密、经济快速增长的国家,孟加拉国面临着能源需求激增的问题。尽管孟加拉国努力开发可再生能源,但煤炭仍在能源结构中占有重要份额,消耗量达 209.99 万吨。然而,传统的煤炭利用方式引发了温室气体排放和其他有害污染物等环境问题。为了解决这些问题,清洁煤炭技术等可行的解决方案应运而生。这些技术包括高效低排放(HELE)发电站、碳捕集利用与封存(CCUS)系统、整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)以及超临界和超超临界蒸汽循环(S/USC),为减少煤炭发电对生态环境的影响提供了充分的手段。本文认为,战略性地采用洁净煤技术可在塑造孟加拉国可持续能源未来方面发挥关键作用,但这取决于强有力的政策框架、环境影响,并建议政府必须激励 HELE、CCUS 和洁净煤,并促进国际合作。此外,本文还讨论了现代煤炭制备技术和未来的研究方向,并认为 HELE 技术比其他现有技术更适合孟加拉国。这些战略具有提高经济效益的潜力,并为实现煤炭资源的清洁高效转化提供了可行的解决方案。
{"title":"Innovative pathways to sustainable energy: Advancements in clean coal technologies in Bangladesh - A review","authors":"Faysal Ahamed Akash , Shaik Muntasir Shovon , Md. Abdur Rahman , Wahida Rahman , Prosenjeet Chakraborty , Md. Nazwanul Haque , Minhaj Uddin Monir , Md. Ahosan Habib , Arup Kumar Biswas , Shahariar Chowdhury , Mohammad Forrukh Hossain Khan , Tofan Agung Eka Prasetya","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a densely populated country experiencing rapid economic growth, Bangladesh faces a surging demand for energy. Despite efforts to develop renewable energy sources, coal remains a significant share of the energy mix with a consumption of 2,099,900 tons. However, conventional coal utilization raises environmental concerns like greenhouse gas emissions and other hazardous pollutants. To tackle these issues, viable solutions like clean coal technologies come into play. These encompass high-efficiency low-emission (HELE) power stations, carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) systems, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), as well as supercritical and ultra-supercritical steam cycles (S/USC), providing adequate means to reduce the ecological effects tied to coal-powered electricity production. This paper asserts that the strategic adoption of clean coal technologies can play a pivotal role in shaping Bangladesh's sustainable energy future, contingent upon robust policy frameworks, environmental impact and recommend that the government must incentivize HELE, CCUS, and clean coal as well as promote international collaboration. Moreover, modern coal preparation techniques and the future research direction are also discussed in this paper and additionally this study suggests that HELE technologies are more suitable for Bangladesh than other current technologies. These strategies have the potential to yield enhanced economic benefits and offer viable solutions for achieving the clean and efficient conversion of coal resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100805"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824000855/pdfft?md5=5e53fea8f42c8a5d545b35f0ff1b4b90&pid=1-s2.0-S2666790824000855-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water pumping systems are crucial for extracting water from deep wells. However, electricity shortages and high fuel prices significantly impact the efficiency and reliability of these systems. Therefore, renewable energy sources have gained more attention as alternatives to fossil fuels. Photovoltaic (PV) energy-based pumping systems, in particular, are becoming popular, especially in rural areas where grid connections are often unavailable. Several factors influence the performance of photovoltaic water pumping systems (PVWPS), including solar irradiance, temperature, system design, maintenance, and pumping load. To ensure optimal performance under these varying conditions, two controllers are crucial. The first controller is the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller, designed to maximize power extraction from the PV panels under varying environmental conditions (in particular, solar radiation and temperature). The second controller regulates the speed and torque of the induction motor (IM) which drives the pump responsible for water extraction. Therefore, to improve the performance of these controllers under different conditions. This review paper first examines widely used soft computing methods, providing a detailed description of each. These methods are then applied to both the MPPT and the IM controllers, offering valuable insights for researchers looking to develop advanced PVWPS control configurations for future applications.
{"title":"Soft computing approaches for photovoltaic water pumping systems: A review","authors":"Ikram Saady , Btissam Majout , Mohamed Said Adouairi , Mohammed Karim , Badre Bossoufi , Mishari Metab Almalki , Thamer A.H. Alghamdi","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water pumping systems are crucial for extracting water from deep wells. However, electricity shortages and high fuel prices significantly impact the efficiency and reliability of these systems. Therefore, renewable energy sources have gained more attention as alternatives to fossil fuels. Photovoltaic (PV) energy-based pumping systems, in particular, are becoming popular, especially in rural areas where grid connections are often unavailable. Several factors influence the performance of photovoltaic water pumping systems (PVWPS), including solar irradiance, temperature, system design, maintenance, and pumping load. To ensure optimal performance under these varying conditions, two controllers are crucial. The first controller is the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller, designed to maximize power extraction from the PV panels under varying environmental conditions (in particular, solar radiation and temperature). The second controller regulates the speed and torque of the induction motor (IM) which drives the pump responsible for water extraction. Therefore, to improve the performance of these controllers under different conditions. This review paper first examines widely used soft computing methods, providing a detailed description of each. These methods are then applied to both the MPPT and the IM controllers, offering valuable insights for researchers looking to develop advanced PVWPS control configurations for future applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100800"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824000806/pdfft?md5=67879df48b565af841073e79f005221c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666790824000806-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2024.100785
Olukolade F. Ogunrewo, Nnamdi I. Nwulu
Efficient and sustainable use of biomass resources is crucial to meet the increasing demand for bio-based products and renewable energy. The biomass supply chain, which includes harvesting, collecting, logistics, storage, and pre-treatment, faces challenges due to uncertainties such as market fluctuations, equipment availability, weather conditions, and transportation constraints. These uncertainties often hinder the optimisation of the supply chain. This research work explores the performance of the biomass supply chain by optimizing operations while accounting for these uncertainties. Nigeria is faced with power issues and there are resources to combat the problem through generation of cleaner energy from biomass. Using mathematical modelling, the study evaluates the impact of uncertainty on key performance areas like feedstock supply, inventory management, transportation efficiency, and processing capacity. The research demonstrates the importance of incorporating uncertainty-aware solutions to minimize risks and improve the flexibility of the biomass supply chain. Sensitivity analyses and case studies shows that the proposed probabilistic modelling approach provides valuable insights into system vulnerabilities and effective strategies for optimizing operations under uncertain conditions. The findings highlight the potential of this approach to improve decision making, resource allocation, and promote sustainable practices in the biomass sector. Ultimately, the study contributes to advancing biomass supply chain management, paving the way for a more resilient and efficient use of bioresources.
{"title":"Optimizing biomass supply chains: A probabilistic approach to managing uncertainties in southwest Nigeria","authors":"Olukolade F. Ogunrewo, Nnamdi I. Nwulu","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Efficient and sustainable use of biomass resources is crucial to meet the increasing demand for bio-based products and renewable energy. The biomass supply chain, which includes harvesting, collecting, logistics, storage, and pre-treatment, faces challenges due to uncertainties such as market fluctuations, equipment availability, weather conditions, and transportation constraints. These uncertainties often hinder the optimisation of the supply chain. This research work explores the performance of the biomass supply chain by optimizing operations while accounting for these uncertainties. Nigeria is faced with power issues and there are resources to combat the problem through generation of cleaner energy from biomass. Using mathematical modelling, the study evaluates the impact of uncertainty on key performance areas like feedstock supply, inventory management, transportation efficiency, and processing capacity. The research demonstrates the importance of incorporating uncertainty-aware solutions to minimize risks and improve the flexibility of the biomass supply chain. Sensitivity analyses and case studies shows that the proposed probabilistic modelling approach provides valuable insights into system vulnerabilities and effective strategies for optimizing operations under uncertain conditions. The findings highlight the potential of this approach to improve decision making, resource allocation, and promote sustainable practices in the biomass sector. Ultimately, the study contributes to advancing biomass supply chain management, paving the way for a more resilient and efficient use of bioresources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100785"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266679082400065X/pdfft?md5=71e0a6969d594fd314d4b9dae64a0b59&pid=1-s2.0-S266679082400065X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present work, a new configuration of the three-part blade (3-PB) Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) is introduced. This new configuration is designed to further improve the aerodynamic performance of the 3-PB VAWT by tilting all three parts of every single blade along its central chord line. An optimization process is conducted to find the best tilt angle of blade parts in order to maximize the average total torque coefficient. The optimization process is applied to reference 3-PB VAWT with the help of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) using the solutions of three-dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations at wind speed of m/s and tip speed ratios from 0.44 to 1.77. Having analyzed different sets of tilt angles, a configuration with tilt angles of 30°, 31° and 30° with respect to part 1, 2, and 3 was detected to be the best choice. The tilted 3-PB VAWT shows promising improvements in most tip speed ratios. Among them, a maximum improvement of 42.99% on the average of the total torque coefficient occurred at tip speed ratio of 0.89.
{"title":"Aerodynamic performance improvement of 3-PB VAWT using blades with optimized tilted angles","authors":"Alireza Ghorbanpoor Lafmejani , S.M.H. Karimian , Mohammad Sadegh Moradi Ghareghani","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present work, a new configuration of the three-part blade (3-PB) Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) is introduced. This new configuration is designed to further improve the aerodynamic performance of the 3-PB VAWT by tilting all three parts of every single blade along its central chord line. An optimization process is conducted to find the best tilt angle of blade parts in order to maximize the average total torque coefficient. The optimization process is applied to reference 3-PB VAWT with the help of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) using the solutions of three-dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations at wind speed of <span><math><mrow><mn>7</mn></mrow></math></span> m/s and tip speed ratios from 0.44 to 1.77. Having analyzed different sets of tilt angles, a configuration with tilt angles of 30°, 31° <span><math><mrow><mtext>,</mtext></mrow></math></span> and 30° with respect to part 1, 2, and 3 was detected to be the best choice. The tilted 3-PB VAWT shows promising improvements in most tip speed ratios. Among them, a maximum improvement of 42.99% on the average of the total torque coefficient occurred at tip speed ratio of 0.89.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100801"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824000818/pdfft?md5=34f23acf206f504d93eeb56503a3adac&pid=1-s2.0-S2666790824000818-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2024.100804
Mohamed Egiza , Mohamed Ragab Diab , Ali M. Ali , Koki Murasawa , Tsuyoshi Yoshitake
This research explores a sustainable approach for fabricating high-performance nanodiamond composite (NDC) hard coatings for dry machining. Aiming to address limitations in conventional coatings, such as environmental concerns, restricted film thickness, and compromised performance. The study utilizes Coaxial Arc Plasma Deposition (CAPD), a clean and efficient technique, to deposit thick (10 μm) NDC films directly on WC−Co substrates without chemical etching. Compared to traditional Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), CAPD offers significant advantages: lower temperature deposition, faster growth rate, and precise control over film thickness and morphology. The resulting NDC films boast exceptional durability due to their unique nanostructure, diamond nanocrystallites embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix. The addition of Al-interlayers (100–500 nm thickness) optimizes film properties. The optimal interlayer at 100 nm thickness not only mitigates the catalytic effects of Co but also enhances film hardness (50.4–58 GPa), Young's modulus (516–613.75 GPa), and adhesion (13–18.5 N) compared to films without an interlayer. Notably, the 100 nm Al-interlayer triples the deposition rate to 3.3 μm/h, achieving the desired thickness for effective hard coatings. The high density of grain boundaries within the films allows for exceptional stress release, enabling this increased thickness. Furthermore, these grain boundaries and the graphitic phase contribute to the film's superior tribological performance – a low coefficient of friction (0.1) and minimal wear rate (1.5 × 10⁻7 mm³/N⋅m) under dry machining conditions. These findings demonstrate the immense potential of CAPD-deposited NDC films as a sustainable alternative for advanced cutting tools, promoting environmental responsibility, economic viability, and energy efficiency.
{"title":"Clean and durable thick nanodiamond composite hard coating deposited on cemented carbide towards sustainable machining: Eco-friendly fabrication, characterization, and 3-E analysis","authors":"Mohamed Egiza , Mohamed Ragab Diab , Ali M. Ali , Koki Murasawa , Tsuyoshi Yoshitake","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research explores a sustainable approach for fabricating high-performance nanodiamond composite (NDC) hard coatings for dry machining. Aiming to address limitations in conventional coatings, such as environmental concerns, restricted film thickness, and compromised performance. The study utilizes Coaxial Arc Plasma Deposition (CAPD), a clean and efficient technique, to deposit thick (10 μm) NDC films directly on WC−Co substrates without chemical etching. Compared to traditional Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), CAPD offers significant advantages: lower temperature deposition, faster growth rate, and precise control over film thickness and morphology. The resulting NDC films boast exceptional durability due to their unique nanostructure, diamond nanocrystallites embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix. The addition of Al-interlayers (100–500 nm thickness) optimizes film properties. The optimal interlayer at 100 nm thickness not only mitigates the catalytic effects of Co but also enhances film hardness (50.4–58 GPa), Young's modulus (516–613.75 GPa), and adhesion (13–18.5 N) compared to films without an interlayer. Notably, the 100 nm Al-interlayer triples the deposition rate to 3.3 μm/h, achieving the desired thickness for effective hard coatings. The high density of grain boundaries within the films allows for exceptional stress release, enabling this increased thickness. Furthermore, these grain boundaries and the graphitic phase contribute to the film's superior tribological performance – a low coefficient of friction (0.1) and minimal wear rate (1.5 × 10⁻<sup>7</sup> mm³/N⋅m) under dry machining conditions. These findings demonstrate the immense potential of CAPD-deposited NDC films as a sustainable alternative for advanced cutting tools, promoting environmental responsibility, economic viability, and energy efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100804"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824000843/pdfft?md5=70a8531d7dc6478930ac749c381f1b26&pid=1-s2.0-S2666790824000843-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2024.100798
Koppiahraj Karuppiah , Bathrinath Sankaranarayanan , Huai-Wei Lo
Increased societal awareness, stakeholder pressure, stringent environmental norms, and the need to sustain in the competitive business market have demanded environment-friendly manufacturing practices from the industrial communities. Sustainable manufacturing (SM) practices have gained widespread attention as they aim to balance economic, environmental, and social activities of organizations. However, still there is a lacuna in understanding the concept of SM practices and there is a need to monitor the developments related to SM practices. Thus, there is a need to conduct a comprehensive review study for an improved understanding of the progress of SM practices. Accordingly, this study aims to identify various strategies followed by organizations for implementing SM practices. To identify various strategies, 89 articles were selected from the SCOPUS database (published between 2012 and 2022). These 89 articles were selected by using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, a systematic literature review (SLR) technique. The selected articles were investigated based on year, journals, country, research methods, focused industry, and techniques followed. Bibliometric and network analysis were performed to establish cluster domains and to identify evolving research areas. Bibliometric analysis reveals that currently, the industrial communities is emphasizing circular economy models for SM practices. Network analysis identifies six domains of SM practices: lean manufacturing, renewable energy adoption, green manufacturing, life cycle assessment, zero waste manufacturing practices, and circular economy model. To conclude, the important contribution of this study is that it tracks the progress of SM practices over the years and highlights current SM practices.
社会意识的提高、利益相关者的压力、严格的环境规范以及在竞争激烈的商业市场中持续发展的需要,都要求工业界采取环境友好型制造实践。可持续制造(Sustainable Manufacturing,SM)实践旨在平衡组织的经济、环境和社会活动,因此受到广泛关注。然而,对可持续制造实践概念的理解仍然存在空白,需要对与可持续制造实践相关的发展进行监测。因此,有必要进行一次全面的回顾研究,以更好地了解 SM 实践的进展情况。因此,本研究旨在确定各组织实施 SM 实践的各种策略。为了确定各种策略,我们从 SCOPUS 数据库中选取了 89 篇文章(发表于 2012 年至 2022 年)。这 89 篇文章是采用系统文献综述(SLR)技术中的系统综述和元分析首选报告项目(PRISMA)框架筛选出来的。根据年份、期刊、国家、研究方法、重点行业和采用的技术对所选文章进行了调查。进行了文献计量和网络分析,以建立集群域并确定不断发展的研究领域。文献计量分析表明,目前工业界正在强调 SM 实践的循环经济模式。网络分析确定了 SM 实践的六个领域:精益生产、采用可再生能源、绿色制造、生命周期评估、零废物生产实践和循环经济模式。总之,本研究的重要贡献在于跟踪了多年来 SM 实践的进展,并突出了当前的 SM 实践。
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Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2024.100797
Ajan Meenakshisundaram, Olusegun Stanley Tomomewo, Laalam Aimen, Shree Om Bade
The rise in abandoned oil wells across the globe poses a serious environmental and public health risk. These wells, which are frequently abandoned by defunct corporations or owing to regulatory gaps, pose substantial risks. They have the potential to leak methane, a potent greenhouse gas, and contaminate groundwater. Researchers estimate that there are between 2 and 3 million abandoned oil and gas wells in the United States. Out of these, over 117,000 wells, spread across 27 states, are classified as “orphaned”, and lack an identifiable party responsible for managing leakage or pollution risks. The escalating number of abandoned oil wells in the United States presents a dual challenge and opportunity in the realm of renewable energy. The global utilization of geothermal energy is on the rise, with approximately 72 countries harnessing this resource for various applications. About 24 of these countries generate electricity using geothermal energy through binary or flash cycle methods. The United States leads in geothermal electricity production, generating approximately 17,917 GWh annually. Global raise in geothermal energy utilization provides presents an opportunity to repurpose abandoned oil wells for geothermal energy production especially in the United States. These wells, often still possessing high temperatures and temperature gradients, can be converted into valuable geothermal resources, thus providing a sustainable energy solution and addressing the environmental hazards posed by the abandoned wells. This paper critically examines the feasibility of repurposing these wells for geothermal energy production, a strategy that offers a promising solution to both environmental hazards and the need for sustainable energy sources. Focusing on the technical, economic, and social dimensions, we present a comprehensive analysis that includes a case study of the Williston Basin in North Dakota, highlighting its potential for geothermal exploitation. Our approach employs Fourier's law of conduction to estimate the temperature at the bottom of selected wells. We address the critical challenges in this endeavor, ranging from ensuring the mechanical integrity of aging wells to navigating the economic and social implications of their repurposing. Our findings suggest that while significant challenges exist, especially in retrofitting old wells for new uses and garnering stakeholder consensus, the conversion of abandoned oil wells into geothermal energy sources is a viable and environmentally beneficial path forward. Finally representing a detailed exploration of their various potential geothermal and various applications This research contributes to the growing body of literature on sustainable energy solutions, offering practical insights and guidelines for future field implementations in the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources.
{"title":"A comprehensive analysis of repurposing abandoned oil wells for different energy uses: Exploration, applications, and repurposing challenges","authors":"Ajan Meenakshisundaram, Olusegun Stanley Tomomewo, Laalam Aimen, Shree Om Bade","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rise in abandoned oil wells across the globe poses a serious environmental and public health risk. These wells, which are frequently abandoned by defunct corporations or owing to regulatory gaps, pose substantial risks. They have the potential to leak methane, a potent greenhouse gas, and contaminate groundwater. Researchers estimate that there are between 2 and 3 million abandoned oil and gas wells in the United States. Out of these, over 117,000 wells, spread across 27 states, are classified as “orphaned”, and lack an identifiable party responsible for managing leakage or pollution risks. The escalating number of abandoned oil wells in the United States presents a dual challenge and opportunity in the realm of renewable energy. The global utilization of geothermal energy is on the rise, with approximately 72 countries harnessing this resource for various applications. About 24 of these countries generate electricity using geothermal energy through binary or flash cycle methods. The United States leads in geothermal electricity production, generating approximately 17,917 GWh annually. Global raise in geothermal energy utilization provides presents an opportunity to repurpose abandoned oil wells for geothermal energy production especially in the United States. These wells, often still possessing high temperatures and temperature gradients, can be converted into valuable geothermal resources, thus providing a sustainable energy solution and addressing the environmental hazards posed by the abandoned wells. This paper critically examines the feasibility of repurposing these wells for geothermal energy production, a strategy that offers a promising solution to both environmental hazards and the need for sustainable energy sources. Focusing on the technical, economic, and social dimensions, we present a comprehensive analysis that includes a case study of the Williston Basin in North Dakota, highlighting its potential for geothermal exploitation. Our approach employs Fourier's law of conduction to estimate the temperature at the bottom of selected wells. We address the critical challenges in this endeavor, ranging from ensuring the mechanical integrity of aging wells to navigating the economic and social implications of their repurposing. Our findings suggest that while significant challenges exist, especially in retrofitting old wells for new uses and garnering stakeholder consensus, the conversion of abandoned oil wells into geothermal energy sources is a viable and environmentally beneficial path forward. Finally representing a detailed exploration of their various potential geothermal and various applications This research contributes to the growing body of literature on sustainable energy solutions, offering practical insights and guidelines for future field implementations in the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100797"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824000776/pdfft?md5=8c7cab0fad9a024505ebf8d580c6543d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666790824000776-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}