Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977124
A. Zaghloul, S. Weiss, T. Anthony
A radar system for robotic vehicles has been developed for collision avoidance. A major component of the system is an antenna that has a narrow beam in azimuth and a broad beam in elevation with very low side-lobes. This paper presents the design and characterization of the antenna that operates at around 76 GHz. The high operating frequency required a special set up for the measurements of the antenna performance. The antenna is designed as an array of pyramidal horns fed with an E-plane waveguide power divider that produces the required aperture taper for low side-lobes.
{"title":"Characterization of a 76 GHz antenna for personnel avoidance radar for robotics vehicles","authors":"A. Zaghloul, S. Weiss, T. Anthony","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977124","url":null,"abstract":"A radar system for robotic vehicles has been developed for collision avoidance. A major component of the system is an antenna that has a narrow beam in azimuth and a broad beam in elevation with very low side-lobes. This paper presents the design and characterization of the antenna that operates at around 76 GHz. The high operating frequency required a special set up for the measurements of the antenna performance. The antenna is designed as an array of pyramidal horns fed with an E-plane waveguide power divider that produces the required aperture taper for low side-lobes.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115987080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977089
Ç. Candan
We study the detectors based on the ambiguity function. These detectors have been shown to be useful for the detection of linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals in the literature. We show that the detectors based on the projection of the cross-ambiguity surface are optimal for the detection of non-fluctuating targets in the Bayesian sense. The given optimality property strengthens the earlier results in the literature and enables us to compare different classes of detectors.
{"title":"On the optimality of detectors defined over the ambiguity plane","authors":"Ç. Candan","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977089","url":null,"abstract":"We study the detectors based on the ambiguity function. These detectors have been shown to be useful for the detection of linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals in the literature. We show that the detectors based on the projection of the cross-ambiguity surface are optimal for the detection of non-fluctuating targets in the Bayesian sense. The given optimality property strengthens the earlier results in the literature and enables us to compare different classes of detectors.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116026599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977061
M. Jamali, Joseph T. Downey, Nathan Wilikins, C. Rehm, J. Tipping
A parallel and pipelined Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processor for use in the Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation of a wideband waveform is presented. The selected DOA algorithm follows the Coherent Signal Subspace Method (CSSM). The target device for implementation is a Xilinx Virtex-5 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The FFT processor was developed in MATLAB Simulink using the Xilinx System Generator block-set to auto-generate VHDL code. Although the parallel and pipelined architecture uses a large portion of the available FPGA resources, the architecture does yield a high throughput.
提出了一种用于宽带波形到达方向估计的并行流水线快速傅里叶变换(FFT)处理器。选取的DOA算法遵循相干信号子空间法(CSSM)。实现的目标设备是Xilinx Virtex-5现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)。FFT处理器在MATLAB Simulink中开发，使用Xilinx System Generator模块集自动生成VHDL代码。虽然并行和流水线架构使用了很大一部分可用的FPGA资源，但该架构确实产生了高吞吐量。
{"title":"Development of a FPGA-based high speed FFT processor for wideband Direction of Arrival applications","authors":"M. Jamali, Joseph T. Downey, Nathan Wilikins, C. Rehm, J. Tipping","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977061","url":null,"abstract":"A parallel and pipelined Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processor for use in the Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation of a wideband waveform is presented. The selected DOA algorithm follows the Coherent Signal Subspace Method (CSSM). The target device for implementation is a Xilinx Virtex-5 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The FFT processor was developed in MATLAB Simulink using the Xilinx System Generator block-set to auto-generate VHDL code. Although the parallel and pipelined architecture uses a large portion of the available FPGA resources, the architecture does yield a high throughput.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114619829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976981
J. Kolman
Phase error compensation is typically applied identically to every pixel in a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image. For certain modern systems and applications, this methodology is on the verge of becoming insufficient. We present Pixel-Unique Phase Adjustment (PUPA), an algorithm that performs an arbitrary spatially varying correction. We treat this as a deconvolution problem for which the goal is to minimize the cost function corresponding to the maximum likelihood estimate of the restored image. Our approach uses an iterative, gradient-based optimization algorithm. This method handles nonparametric phase errors and removes distortions exactly. We present results on real SAR data and demonstrate that quality is limited only by measurement noise. We analyze performance in terms of both computational complexity and memory requirements, and discuss two different implementations that allow a tradeoff to be made between these resources.
{"title":"Continuous phase corrections applied to SAR imagery","authors":"J. Kolman","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976981","url":null,"abstract":"Phase error compensation is typically applied identically to every pixel in a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image. For certain modern systems and applications, this methodology is on the verge of becoming insufficient. We present Pixel-Unique Phase Adjustment (PUPA), an algorithm that performs an arbitrary spatially varying correction. We treat this as a deconvolution problem for which the goal is to minimize the cost function corresponding to the maximum likelihood estimate of the restored image. Our approach uses an iterative, gradient-based optimization algorithm. This method handles nonparametric phase errors and removes distortions exactly. We present results on real SAR data and demonstrate that quality is limited only by measurement noise. We analyze performance in terms of both computational complexity and memory requirements, and discuss two different implementations that allow a tradeoff to be made between these resources.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114861552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976956
V. Vu, T. Sjogren, M. Pettersson
Moving target detection in ultra-wideband (UWB) low frequency synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is associated with long integration time and has to handle azimuth focusing for reliable detection. This paper presents the theory and simulation results of the fast detection of moving targets by focusing method (FDMTF) which is understood as the detection of moving targets by focusing method (DMTF) incorporating fast time-domain algorithms in the process. Two fast time-domain algorithms fast backprojection (PBP) and fast factorized back-projection (FFBP) are considered. The results show that FDMTF performs very efficiently and still retains the ability of detection.
{"title":"Fast Detection of Moving Targets by Focusing in UWB low frequency SAR","authors":"V. Vu, T. Sjogren, M. Pettersson","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976956","url":null,"abstract":"Moving target detection in ultra-wideband (UWB) low frequency synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is associated with long integration time and has to handle azimuth focusing for reliable detection. This paper presents the theory and simulation results of the fast detection of moving targets by focusing method (FDMTF) which is understood as the detection of moving targets by focusing method (DMTF) incorporating fast time-domain algorithms in the process. Two fast time-domain algorithms fast backprojection (PBP) and fast factorized back-projection (FFBP) are considered. The results show that FDMTF performs very efficiently and still retains the ability of detection.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121867299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977031
L. Harcke
A new era of precise-orbit determination for space-borne SAR permits time-domain backprojection of the data for accurate geocoded image production. In this work, time-domain backprojection is applied to Level 1.0 data from the ALOS/PALSAR instrument to form imagery at two sites in southern California. The accuracy of the backprojection is verified by comparing the measured position of a corner reflector at a calibration site to its position in the formed SAR imagery. The observed offset of the corner reflector is ≪2 m in the range direction and 12 m in the cross-range or along track direction. Images backprojected in an absolute WGS-84 Cartesian system onto 1/3 arc second or 10 m posting digital elevation data exhibit no gross registration errors. This indicates that the backprojection image formation method may be useful for processing differential radar interferometry (D-InSAR) products, where topography terms must first be removed.
{"title":"Time-domain backprojection for precise geodetic coding of spaceborne SAR imagery","authors":"L. Harcke","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977031","url":null,"abstract":"A new era of precise-orbit determination for space-borne SAR permits time-domain backprojection of the data for accurate geocoded image production. In this work, time-domain backprojection is applied to Level 1.0 data from the ALOS/PALSAR instrument to form imagery at two sites in southern California. The accuracy of the backprojection is verified by comparing the measured position of a corner reflector at a calibration site to its position in the formed SAR imagery. The observed offset of the corner reflector is ≪2 m in the range direction and 12 m in the cross-range or along track direction. Images backprojected in an absolute WGS-84 Cartesian system onto 1/3 arc second or 10 m posting digital elevation data exhibit no gross registration errors. This indicates that the backprojection image formation method may be useful for processing differential radar interferometry (D-InSAR) products, where topography terms must first be removed.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124950023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976958
Xiaoling Zhang, S. Jun, Jianyu Yang
This paper concerns resolution-fusion method for linear array 3-D imaging SAR (LASAR). Limited by the length of the linear array, the cross-track (CT) resolution of LASAR is often lower than that in the along-track (AT) direction. To overcome this disadvantage, we assume that there are two LASAR systems whose trajectories are orthogonal to each other. Thus, we obtain a row-low-resolution image and a column-low - resolution image of the same scene. Using the orthogonal complement decomposition technique, we fuse the two images into one quasi-high-resolution image.
{"title":"A new radix-N resolution-fusion method for LASAR","authors":"Xiaoling Zhang, S. Jun, Jianyu Yang","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976958","url":null,"abstract":"This paper concerns resolution-fusion method for linear array 3-D imaging SAR (LASAR). Limited by the length of the linear array, the cross-track (CT) resolution of LASAR is often lower than that in the along-track (AT) direction. To overcome this disadvantage, we assume that there are two LASAR systems whose trajectories are orthogonal to each other. Thus, we obtain a row-low-resolution image and a column-low - resolution image of the same scene. Using the orthogonal complement decomposition technique, we fuse the two images into one quasi-high-resolution image.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"128 6 Suppl 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123241833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977040
Yang Li, Qiang Yang, Ning Zhang
Influenced by ships, ionosphere interference and Bragg peak-splitting, it will be difficult of detecting or tracking HF first-order sea echo (Bragg peak) exactly. A new detection method is proposed which regards image feature of Bragg peaks in multi-scale space as indicative information and combines with global characteristics such as amplitude, symmetry, and continuity etc. Detection rules for both single and splitting Bragg peaks are also given based on characteristics knowledge. Experiment with real data shows that comparing to those classical algorithms the proposed method can detect and locate first-order sea echo more accurately in the environment with ionosphere interference, ships and clutter/noise smearing far from coast.
{"title":"Location of first-order sea echo for HFSWR with image feature information","authors":"Yang Li, Qiang Yang, Ning Zhang","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977040","url":null,"abstract":"Influenced by ships, ionosphere interference and Bragg peak-splitting, it will be difficult of detecting or tracking HF first-order sea echo (Bragg peak) exactly. A new detection method is proposed which regards image feature of Bragg peaks in multi-scale space as indicative information and combines with global characteristics such as amplitude, symmetry, and continuity etc. Detection rules for both single and splitting Bragg peaks are also given based on characteristics knowledge. Experiment with real data shows that comparing to those classical algorithms the proposed method can detect and locate first-order sea echo more accurately in the environment with ionosphere interference, ships and clutter/noise smearing far from coast.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123794489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976976
P. Marques
This paper presents a novel moving target indicator which is selective with respect to a direction of interest. Preliminary results indicate that the obtained selectivity may have high interest in civil traffic monitoring using single channel SAR data.
{"title":"Directional moving target indication for civil traffic monitoring using single channel SAR","authors":"P. Marques","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976976","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel moving target indicator which is selective with respect to a direction of interest. Preliminary results indicate that the obtained selectivity may have high interest in civil traffic monitoring using single channel SAR data.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126338834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977036
G. Akers, J. Stiles
This paper presents an approach to simultaneous ground moving target indication (GMTI) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging that promises to outperform current space-time adaptive processing (STAP) GMTI techniques when jamming is not present. An inherent weakness in STAP is its inability to directly estimate the scattering statistics from nonmoving objects in the region under test. A SAR image is a measure of the scattering intensity from an illuminated area on Earth assuming everything in the scene is stationary; therefore, it provides the estimate of scattering from nonmoving targets required for GMTI. Since the homogeneity of the scattering statistics over the scene are unknown, using multiple spatial resolutions of the SAR image to estimate the scattering statistics results in more confidence in the final detection decision.
{"title":"An approach to ground moving target indication (GMTI) using multiple resolutions of the clutter covariance matrix","authors":"G. Akers, J. Stiles","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977036","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an approach to simultaneous ground moving target indication (GMTI) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging that promises to outperform current space-time adaptive processing (STAP) GMTI techniques when jamming is not present. An inherent weakness in STAP is its inability to directly estimate the scattering statistics from nonmoving objects in the region under test. A SAR image is a measure of the scattering intensity from an illuminated area on Earth assuming everything in the scene is stationary; therefore, it provides the estimate of scattering from nonmoving targets required for GMTI. Since the homogeneity of the scattering statistics over the scene are unknown, using multiple spatial resolutions of the SAR image to estimate the scattering statistics results in more confidence in the final detection decision.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116541760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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