Plant Stress最新文献_第6页

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus mediates growth-defense trade-offs in Astragalus sinicus (Fabaceae) during pathogen infection 丛枝菌根真菌介导黄芪（豆科）在病原体感染期间的生长-防御权衡

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101159

Tingting Ding , Siyu Yu , Tingyu Duan

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) influence plant growth, defense, and resource allocation, yet their effects on transcriptional regulation remain unclear. We investigated the impacts of AMF Funneliformis mosseae on growth and defense in Astragalus sinicus infected with the pathogen Stemphylium henanense. Our results demonstrated that AMF inoculation significantly increased shoot and root biomass by 199.33 % and 1815.15 %, respectively. However, F. mosseae also led to a significant increase in the disease incidence and disease index of A. sinicus, with respective rise of 75.36 % and 55.56 %. These outcomes were accompanied by higher levels of malondialdehyde and elevated activity of peroxidase. Furthermore, A. sinicus inoculated with F. mosseae showed stronger defense responses, including higher chitinase activity, increased salicylic acid and jasmonic acid concentrations, and upregulation of genes encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins (PR3, PR5, and PR10). In contrast, in the absence of AMF, A. sinicus displayed enhanced carbon fixation and a more robust defense response against pathogens, with upregulated expression of genes related to GAPDH, PR1, PR2, PR3, PR5, PR10, and EDS1. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed significant enrichment in terms of cell wall organization (GO:0071,555), cell wall (GO:0005,618) and cell wall biogenesis (GO:0042,546) in the non-mycorrhizal inoculated groups compared to their AMF-inoculated counterparts. Genes involved in trehalose-6-phosphate synthase pathway, cytokinin synthesis, and plant growth promotion were notably expressed in A. sinicus inoculated with F. mosseae. These findings indicate that AMF mediate a complex growth-defense trade-off in A. sinicus, promoting growth while simultaneously increasing susceptibility to pathogen.

丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）影响植物的生长、防御和资源分配，但其转录调控的作用尚不清楚。本文研究了毛氏真菌（AMF funeliformis mosseae）对侵染河南茎霉（Stemphylium henanense）的黄芪生长和防御的影响。结果表明，接种AMF可显著提高植株茎部和根系生物量，增幅分别为199.33%和1815.15%。但是，F. mosseae也显著增加了黄颡鱼的发病率和病害指数，分别上升了75.36%和55.56%。这些结果伴随着丙二醛水平升高和过氧化物酶活性升高。此外，接种F. mosseae的sinicus表现出更强的防御反应，包括几丁质酶活性提高，水杨酸和茉莉酸浓度增加，编码致病相关（PR）蛋白的基因（PR3， PR5和PR10）上调。相比之下，在没有AMF的情况下，黄曲霉表现出更强的碳固定和对病原体更强的防御反应，GAPDH、PR1、PR2、PR3、PR5、PR10和EDS1相关基因的表达上调。基因本体（GO）分析显示，与amf接种组相比，非菌根接种组在细胞壁组织（GO:0071,555）、细胞壁（GO:0005,618）和细胞壁生物发生（GO:0042,546）方面显著富集。与海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶途径、细胞分裂素合成和促进植物生长有关的基因在接种了mosseae的sinicus中显著表达。这些发现表明，AMF介导了sinicus复杂的生长-防御权衡，促进生长的同时增加了对病原体的敏感性。

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引用次数: 0

Polyploidy modulates the adaptation to water deficit in citrus scion/rootstock associations evaluated under controlled pot condition and relates to specific changes in root and leaf transcriptome 在盆栽控制条件下，多倍性调节了柑橘接穗/砧木组合对水分亏缺的适应，并与根和叶转录组的特定变化有关

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101166

Leny Calvez , Alexis Dereeper , Benedicte Favreau , Gary Sivager , Pierre Mournet , Saturnin Bruyere , Marie Bonnin , Hélène Vignes , Guillaume Marti , Gerardo Cebrian-Torrejon , Antonio Doménech-Carbó , Barbara Hufnagel , Patrick Ollitrault , Raphaël Morillon

Citrus, one of the world’s most important crops, is facing significant challenges due to drought events. Previous studies have demonstrated that tetraploid rootstocks may exhibit greater tolerance to abiotic stresses than their diploid counterparts. The effects of combining a tetraploid rootstock with a triploid scion under water deficit conditions have not been thoroughly explored. A water deficit experiment was conducted under controlled pot conditions using four citrus scion/rootstock combinations: diploid and tetraploid Swingle citrumelo rootstocks grafted with diploid Mexican lime and triploid Persian lime. Physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses under controlled pot condition revealed that tetraploid rootstocks exhibited significantly improved performance under drought stress, with an even greater effect when the scion was the triploid Persian lime. In that condition, the improved resilience was associated with reduced water consumption, higher photosynthesis, increased stomatal conductance and transpiration under water stress conditions. Elevated abscisic acid levels and stronger antioxidant activity in polyploid rootstocks further contributed to the stress response. Transcriptomic data revealed distinct gene expression changes in roots and leaves, influenced by organ ploidy and rootstock-scion interactions. Taken together our results provide insights into drought adaptation mechanisms including osmotic adjustment, oxidative stress protection, sustained photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity and enhanced synthesis of protective barriers. These findings underscore ploidy’s role at both rootstock and scion levels in shaping the plant’s response to water deficit, revealing useful interactions between rootstock and scion influencing drought resilience.

柑橘是世界上最重要的作物之一，由于干旱事件，它正面临着重大挑战。先前的研究表明，四倍体砧木比其二倍体砧木对非生物胁迫表现出更大的耐受性。在缺水条件下，四倍体砧木与三倍体接穗配种的效果尚未得到充分研究。以二倍体和四倍体柑桔接穗/砧木嫁接二倍体墨西哥石灰和三倍体波斯石灰，在盆栽条件下进行了水分亏缺试验。对照盆栽条件下的生理生化和转录组学分析表明，四倍体砧木在干旱胁迫下表现出显著提高的性能，接穗为三倍体波斯石灰的效果更大。在水分胁迫条件下，恢复力的提高与水分消耗的减少、光合作用的提高、气孔导度和蒸腾作用的增加有关。多倍体砧木中脱落酸水平升高和抗氧化活性增强进一步促进了胁迫反应。转录组学数据显示，受器官倍性和砧木-接穗相互作用的影响，根和叶的基因表达发生了明显变化。综上所述，我们的研究结果为干旱适应机制提供了新的见解，包括渗透调节、氧化应激保护、持续光合作用、抗氧化酶活性和保护屏障的增强合成。这些发现强调了倍性在砧木和接穗水平上在塑造植物对水分亏缺的反应中的作用，揭示了砧木和接穗之间影响抗旱能力的有益相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Roles of transcription factors in mediating abiotic stress responses in cereals 转录因子在介导谷物非生物胁迫应答中的作用

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101160

Shikha Bharti , Joshwa Gandy , Ishita Bajaj Hengge , Javier Ramos , Bradley Christoffersen , Michael Persans , Manohar Chakrabarti

Cereals are staple crops for the majority of the global population, making their sustained productivity essential for food security. However, abiotic stresses significantly threaten their growth and overall yield by disrupting essential physiological, cellular, and biochemical processes. Enhancing stress resilience in cereals is therefore a critical objective for agricultural improvement under changing climatic conditions. A fundamental step toward this goal involves understanding the roles of transcription factors (TFs), which are primary regulators of changes in gene expression in response to stresses. TFs regulate complex signaling networks that enable plants to adjust their biochemical and physiological functions under abiotic stress conditions. These include enhancing antioxidant defense systems by modulating the biosynthesis of ROS-scavenging enzymes, induction of osmoprotectants, maintenance of ion homeostasis, maintenance of cellular integrity through membrane stabilization, modulating stomatal function, photosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and others. TFs are also an indispensable part of phytohormone-mediated abiotic stress response pathways. Some of the major TF families involved in abiotic stress response pathways include bZIP, MYB, WRKY, NAC, DREB/CBF, AP2/ERF, and Heat Shock Factor (HSF). This review covers the current understanding of major TFs implicated in regulating plants’ responses to key abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, heat, cold, hypoxia, and combined stress, with a specific focus on major cereal crops. By merging insights into TF-mediated regulatory mechanisms across different abiotic stress contexts, this review offers a conceptual framework to inform future research aimed at enhancing resilience to abiotic stress in cereal crops.

谷物是全球大多数人口的主要作物，其持续的生产力对粮食安全至关重要。然而，非生物胁迫通过破坏基本的生理、细胞和生化过程，严重威胁其生长和总体产量。因此，在不断变化的气候条件下，提高谷物的抗逆性是农业改良的一个关键目标。实现这一目标的一个基本步骤是了解转录因子（TFs）的作用，转录因子是应激反应中基因表达变化的主要调节因子。TFs调节复杂的信号网络，使植物能够在非生物胁迫条件下调节其生化和生理功能。这些包括通过调节活性氧清除酶的生物合成来增强抗氧化防御系统，诱导渗透保护剂，维持离子稳态，通过膜稳定维持细胞完整性，调节气孔功能，光合作用，次生代谢物的生物合成等。TFs也是植物激素介导的非生物胁迫反应途径中不可缺少的一部分。参与非生物应激反应途径的主要TF家族包括bZIP、MYB、WRKY、NAC、DREB/CBF、AP2/ERF和热休克因子（HSF）。这篇综述涵盖了目前对涉及调节植物对主要非生物胁迫（包括干旱、盐度、热、冷、缺氧和综合胁迫）的反应的主要转运因子的理解，并特别关注主要谷类作物。通过整合对不同非生物胁迫背景下tf介导的调节机制的见解，本综述提供了一个概念框架，为未来旨在提高谷物作物对非生物胁迫的恢复力的研究提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Allelic diversity of the Zymoseptoria tritici effector Zt-11 leads to the loss of interactions with small, secreted proteins from wheat 小麦酵母菌效应因子Zt-11的等位基因多样性导致了与小麦分泌的小蛋白相互作用的丧失

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101161

Sujit Jung Karki , Debabrata Dutta , Eoghan Curran , Paola Pilo , Nikolaos Mastrodimos , James Burke , Binbin Zhou , Saoirse Tracy , Fiona Doohan , Angela Feechan

Pathogen secreted effector proteins play a key role in host-pathogen interactions, however the evolutionary and structural mechanisms underlying their diversification remain poorly understood. Previously, Zt-11 a Zymoseptoria tritici pathogen effector was found to interact with small, secreted proteins from wheat (TaSRTRG6, TaSSP6 and TaSSP7). Deletion of Zt-11 delayed Septoria tritici blotch (STB) disease development in wheat. Here, we investigate the diversity of Zt-11 in 168 field isolates which revealed high allelic diversity in Zt-11, three distinct Zt-11 haplotype groups and signatures of positive selection. Structural predictions of these isoforms and the wheat host interacting protein TaSRTRG6, exhibit high structural confidence (pLDDT >80). Whereas the wheat interactors TaSSP6 and TaSSP7 are intrinsically disordered proteins with no reliable structural model. Molecular docking and yeast two-hybrid assays revealed haplotype-specific binding between Zt-11 and TaSRTRG6, with some isoforms showing loss of interaction in vivo. Finally, I1:H1 which no longer interact with small, secreted wheat proteins (TaSRTRG6, TaSSP6 and TaSSP7) also displayed increased disease symptoms during wheat infection assays. Together these findings suggest that Zt-11 undergoes evolution through positive selection and structural adaptation enabling evasion from wheat host small, secreted proteins.

病原体分泌的效应蛋白在宿主-病原体相互作用中起着关键作用，然而其多样化的进化和结构机制仍然知之甚少。在此之前，人们发现zt - 11a小麦酵母菌病原菌效应物与小麦分泌的小蛋白（TaSRTRG6、TaSSP6和TaSSP7）相互作用。Zt-11基因的缺失延缓了小麦稻瘟病的发生。通过对168株田间分离株Zt-11的多样性分析，发现Zt-11具有较高的等位基因多样性、3个不同的Zt-11单倍型群和正选择特征。这些同工型和小麦宿主相互作用蛋白TaSRTRG6的结构预测显示出很高的结构置信度（pLDDT >80）。而小麦相互作用蛋白TaSSP6和TaSSP7本质上是无序蛋白，没有可靠的结构模型。分子对接和酵母双杂交实验显示Zt-11和TaSRTRG6之间存在单倍型特异性结合，一些同工型在体内表现出相互作用的缺失。最后，在小麦感染试验中，不再与小的、分泌的小麦蛋白（TaSRTRG6、TaSSP6和TaSSP7）相互作用的I1:H1也表现出增加的疾病症状。综上所述，这些发现表明Zt-11通过正向选择和结构适应进行了进化，从而能够逃避小麦寄主分泌的小蛋白。

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引用次数: 0

StNCED2 confers drought tolerance via enhanced ABA synthesis StNCED2通过增强ABA合成赋予耐旱性

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101162

Jia Wei , Xinglong Su , Xianglin Sun , Jinjuan Ma , Yongwei Zhao , Yajie Li , Zhenzhen Bi , Yuhui Liu , Zhen Liu , Jiangping Bai , Junmei Cui , Panfeng Yao , Chao Sun

Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs), crucial non-heme pigment oxygenases regulating plant stress responses, remain poorly characterized functionally in potato despite extensive research on this gene family. In this study, genome-wide analysis identified 12 StCCD family genes in potato, which were classified into five subfamilies. Gene structure and conserved motif analyses revealed significant intra-subfamily conservation, the gene promoter region is rich in abiotic stress and hormone response elements. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that StNCED2 expression level was dramatically up-regulated under drought stress. Further functional characterization revealed that StNCED2 overexpression in Arabidopsis significantly enhanced drought tolerance. Transgenic lines exhibited reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, along with elevated proline (Pro) content and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that multiple stress response and ABA synthesis related genes were markedly up-regulated in transgenic plants under drought conditions. Additionally, StNCED2 overexpression increased ABA sensitivity, as evidenced by shorter root lengths and delayed germination in the presence of exogenous ABA. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that under drought stress, ABA levels in transgenic lines increased significantly by 26.5 % (OE9), 20.7 % (OE11), and 69.2 % (OE14) compared to WT plants (p < 0.01). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that StNCED2 positively regulates drought tolerance in Arabidopsis through enhanced ABA biosynthesis.

类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶（CCDs）是调控植物逆境反应的重要非血红素加氧酶，但其在马铃薯中的功能特征尚不明确。本研究通过全基因组分析鉴定了马铃薯StCCD家族的12个基因，并将其划分为5个亚科。基因结构和保守基序分析显示亚家族内具有显著的保守性，基因启动子区富含非生物应激和激素反应元件。转录组分析表明，干旱胁迫下StNCED2的表达水平显著上调。进一步的功能分析表明，StNCED2在拟南芥中的过表达显著增强了耐旱性。与野生型（WT）相比，转基因植株丙二醛（MDA）积累和活性氧（ROS）水平降低，脯氨酸（Pro）含量升高，抗氧化酶活性增强。此外，qRT-PCR分析表明，干旱条件下转基因植株的多个逆境响应和ABA合成相关基因显著上调。此外，StNCED2过表达增加了ABA敏感性，在外源ABA存在下，根长变短，发芽延迟。高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析结果显示，干旱胁迫下转基因植株ABA含量较WT植株显著增加26.5% （OE9）、20.7% （OE11）和69.2% (OE14) （p < 0.01）。综上所述，这些发现表明StNCED2通过增强ABA的生物合成正向调节拟南芥的抗旱性。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals plant growth-promoting bacteria consortia-induced isoflavonoid biosynthesis as a key mechanism alleviating drought stress in Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep 综合转录组学和代谢组学分析表明，植物促生长菌联合体诱导的异黄酮生物合成是缓解干旱胁迫的关键机制

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101164

Xiao Zhou , Rongshao Huang , Liangbo Li , Rumei Lu , Chun Yao , Jianhua Chen , Kexin Cao

Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep., an important medicinal plant in karst rocky desertification areas, faces major growth and production challenges due to drought stress in its harsh habitat. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) offer a promising strategy to enhance plant drought tolerance. This study investigated the efficacy of combined inoculation with an endophytic bacterial strain B29 and traditional bio-inoculant Azospirillum brasilense in alleviating drought stress in S. tonkinensis and explored the underlying mechanisms, with a focus on isoflavonoid biosynthesis. PGPB consortia significantly alleviated drought-induced oxidative damage throughout the stress period, reducing malondialdehyde content by 29.4 % and enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase (108.8 %), peroxidase (38.7 %), ascorbate peroxidase (62.3 %), and polyphenol oxidase (9.73-fold). Concurrent increases in total phenolics (∼17.3 %) and flavonoids (∼27.6 %) were also observed. Metabolomic profiling revealed a significant promotion of isoflavonoid accumulation under drought stress, with eleven isoflavonoid metabolites (e.g., genistein, maackiain, mirificin) markedly upregulated (2.04- to 5.41-fold). Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis confirmed flavonoid/isoflavonoid biosynthesis as a critical mechanism for PGPB consortia-induced drought tolerance. Key structural genes for isoflavonoid synthesis (CHS, CHR, IFS, HID, HI4’OMT, I2’H, IFR, IF7MAT), along with five MYB transcription factors, acted as key regulators of this pathway. This study provides novel mechanistic insights into the role of specialised metabolism in PGPB-induced plant drought tolerance and suggests potential strategies for improving the cultivation of this valuable medicinal plant in water-limited environments.

东方苦参。作为喀斯特石漠化地区重要的药用植物，其生长环境恶劣，干旱胁迫使其生长和生产面临重大挑战。植物促生长细菌（PGPB）是提高植物抗旱性的一种很有前途的策略。本研究以内生细菌B29与传统生物接种剂巴西氮螺旋菌（Azospirillum brasilense）联合接种为研究材料，研究了其缓解干旱胁迫的效果，并探讨了其作用机制，重点研究了异黄酮的生物合成。在整个胁迫期间，PGPB组合显著缓解了干旱诱导的氧化损伤，丙二醛含量降低29.4%，超氧化物歧化酶（108.8%）、过氧化物酶（38.7%）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（62.3%）和多酚氧化酶（9.73倍）活性提高。总酚类物质（~ 17.3%）和类黄酮（~ 27.6%）同时增加。代谢组学分析显示，干旱胁迫显著促进了异黄酮的积累，11种异黄酮代谢物（如染料木黄酮、麦基黄酮、米里霉素）显著上调（2.04- 5.41倍）。综合转录组学和代谢组学分析证实，类黄酮/异黄酮生物合成是PGPB联合体诱导耐旱性的关键机制。类异黄酮合成的关键结构基因（CHS、CHR、IFS、HID、hi4’omt、i2’h、IFR、IF7MAT）以及5个MYB转录因子是该通路的关键调控因子。该研究为pgpb诱导的植物抗旱性中的特殊代谢作用提供了新的机制见解，并为改善这种有价值的药用植物在缺水环境中的种植提供了潜在的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Diversification of MSL proteins in extant land plants with intrinsically disordered regions depict their functional enhancement in stress response 具有内在紊乱区域的陆地植物中MSL蛋白的多样化描述了其在逆境响应中的功能增强

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101163

Mohd Ishfaq Khan , Amey Jayant Bhide , Anjan K. Banerjee

Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are transmembrane protein channels that regulate intracellular ion fluxes across the membrane in response to mechanical/oxidative stresses such as osmotic, cell injury, sound, touch, gravity, and germination. The mechanosensitive ion channels of small conductance (MscS) and their homologs MscS-like (MSL) are well studied in bacteria and flowering plants but not in algae and early land plants, particularly in terms of their physico-physiological properties and environmentally sensitive intrinsically disordered regions in relation to their functions. In this study, 51 algal and 57 bryophyte MSL proteins were characterized and compared with 66 MSL proteins in angiosperms. We noticed that the MSL proteins evolved independently in algae and expanded in early land plants from liverworts to mosses, involving both tandem and segmental gene duplication events. Nine different topological variants were observed with 1 to 9 transmembrane helices, depicting the increase in TMH number along the evolution from algae to monocots. Further, these proteins exhibit evolutionarily related intrinsically disordered regions (IDR), possessing putative binding sites for ligands and protein-protein interactions, indicating their conserved role in perception and transduction of environmental stresses. Enrichment of the stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements over the MSL promoters are quite evident in early land plants. Moreover, the functional and physico-physiological characteristics of MSL proteins are conserved across all groups despite their evolutionary divergence. Additionally, the transcript levels of 16 MSL genes identified in Physcomitrium patens varied under mechanical (gravity) stress, indicating their role in stress response. Our investigation provides in-depth evolutionary insights related to the function of MSL proteins in stress response.

机械敏感（MS）离子通道是一种跨膜蛋白通道，它调节细胞内离子在膜上的通量，以响应机械/氧化应激，如渗透、细胞损伤、声音、触摸、重力和萌发。小电导离子通道（MscS）及其同源物MscS样离子通道（MSL）在细菌和开花植物中得到了很好的研究，但在藻类和早期陆生植物中还没有得到很好的研究，特别是在它们的物理生理特性和与它们的功能相关的环境敏感的内在紊乱区域方面。本研究鉴定了51种藻类和57种苔藓植物的MSL蛋白，并与被子植物的66种MSL蛋白进行了比较。我们注意到MSL蛋白在藻类中独立进化，并在早期陆地植物中从苔类到苔藓中扩展，涉及串联和片段基因复制事件。在从藻类到单子藻的进化过程中，共观察到9个不同的拓扑变异，其中有1 ~ 9个跨膜螺旋，说明TMH数量的增加。此外，这些蛋白质表现出进化相关的内在无序区（IDR），具有配体和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的假定结合位点，表明它们在环境胁迫的感知和转导中起保守作用。在早期陆地植物中，胁迫响应顺式调控元件在MSL启动子上的富集非常明显。此外，MSL蛋白的功能和生理生理特征在所有群体中都是保守的，尽管它们在进化上存在差异。此外，16个MSL基因在机械（重力）胁迫下的转录水平发生了变化，表明它们在胁迫响应中起作用。我们的研究为MSL蛋白在应激反应中的功能提供了深入的进化见解。

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引用次数: 0

Genome-wide identification of the TGA transcription factor family in Populus alba × Populus glandulosa and functional validation of PagTGA7b in salt tolerance 白杨×腺杨TGA转录因子家族的全基因组鉴定及PagTGA7b在耐盐性中的功能验证

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101157

Jiechen Wang , Jiaqi Song , Siyue Qi , Quan Zou , Hongzhen Liu , Huihui Zhang , Xiaoqing Ru

TGA transcription factors (TFs) belong to the D subfamily of bZIP TFs, play essential roles in plant responses to various abiotic stresses. Although the TGA family has been characterized in multiple plant species, its characterization in 84 K poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) remains unexplored. In this research, we identified 20 TGA TFs in the 84 K poplar genome, all containing conserved DOG1 and bZIP domains. Phylogenetic analysis classified the PagTGAs into five clades, with Group II possessing the most members. Collinearity analysis revealed six pairs of gene duplication events on both subgenome A and B, all of which were segmental duplications. Promoter analysis indicated diverse cis‑acting elements related to hormonal and stress responses. In addition, results from PPI networks and KEGG enrichment demonstrated that proteins interacting with PagTGAs are predominantly involved in hormone signaling. Transcriptomic profiling of 84 K poplar leaves under salt stress revealed significant expression changes in 13 PagTGA genes. Among these, PagTGA7b was markedly upregulated and selected for functional characterization. Further assays confirmed that PagTGA7b localizes to the nucleus and functions as a transcriptional activator. Heterologous overexpression in yeast significantly improved salt tolerance, while transgenic 84 K poplar overexpressing PagTGA7b exhibited enhanced salt resistance, mitigating salt‑induced reductions in photosynthetic performance. Taken together, these results indicate that most TGA family members in 84 K poplar contribute to salt stress adaptation, with PagTGA7b identified as a key regulator. This study advances understanding of the TGA family’s evolutionary and functional roles and provides valuable genetic resources for developing salt‑tolerant poplar cultivars.

TGA转录因子（TGA transcription factors, TFs）属于bZIP转录因子的D亚家族，在植物对各种非生物胁迫的响应中发挥重要作用。虽然TGA家族已在多个植物物种中被鉴定，但其在84k白杨（Populus alba × Populus glandulosa）中的鉴定尚不清楚。本研究在84 K杨树基因组中鉴定出20个TGA TFs，均含有保守的DOG1和bZIP结构域。系统发育分析将PagTGAs分为5个分支，其中Group II拥有最多的成员。共线性分析显示，在亚基因组A和B上均存在6对基因重复事件，均为片段重复。启动子分析表明，与激素和应激反应相关的顺式作用元件多种多样。此外，来自PPI网络和KEGG富集的结果表明，与PagTGAs相互作用的蛋白质主要参与激素信号传导。盐胁迫下84株杨树叶片转录组学分析显示，13个PagTGA基因的表达发生了显著变化。其中，PagTGA7b被显著上调，并被选中进行功能表征。进一步的分析证实PagTGA7b定位于细胞核并作为转录激活因子发挥作用。在酵母中过表达PagTGA7b显著提高了耐盐性，而过表达PagTGA7b的转基因84 K杨树表现出更强的耐盐性，减轻了盐诱导的光合性能下降。综上所述，84 K杨树的大部分TGA家族成员都参与了盐胁迫适应，其中PagTGA7b是一个关键的调控因子。该研究有助于进一步了解TGA家族的进化和功能作用，为培育耐盐杨树品种提供宝贵的遗传资源。

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引用次数: 0

Direct antagonism overrides induced systemic resistance response by Bacillus subtilis UD1022 against dollar spot pathogen in creeping bentgrass 直接拮抗作用超越了枯草芽孢杆菌UD1022对匍匐杂草斑疹病菌诱导的系统抗性反应

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101158

Charanpreet Kaur , Erik Ervin , Harsh P. Bais

Dollar spot, a major turfgrass disease, poses significant challenges to the turfgrass industry, highlighting the need for sustainable disease management strategies. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Bacillus subtilis strain UD1022 (hereafter UD1022) has previously shown ability to inhibit dollar spot pathogen, Clarireedia jacksonii through direct antagonism under in vitro conditions. However, additional investigation is needed to fully understand its role as a biocontrol agent in planta. It is unclear whether UD1022 suppresses dollar spot in creeping bentgrass, and if so, whether the suppression occurs primarily through induced plant defense responses or via direct antagonism. To address these knowledge gaps, we investigate the biocontrol potential of UD1022 against C. jacksonii in creeping bentgrass, focusing on systemic defense responses and direct antagonism mechanisms. Our data showed that plants primed with UD1022 and subsequently inoculated with foliar dollar spot pathogen did not protect plants against the fungal pathogen. In contrast, UD1022 direct application to the leaves with the pathogen led to a 43.6% reduction in disease severity. Gene expression data showed that UD1022 application to roots triggers foliar defense response dependent on jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) pathways. In addition, plants treated with UD1022 mutants deficient in sporulation, surfactin, and biofilm formation pathways failed to protect plants against the dollar spot pathogen, suggesting the role of these pathways in disease protection and PGPR fitness. Understanding the mechanisms by which PGPR modulate plant immunity could contribute to the development of sustainable turfgrass management approaches.

Dollar spot是一种主要的草坪草病害，对草坪草产业构成了重大挑战，强调了可持续疾病管理策略的必要性。促进植物生长的根瘤菌（PGPR）枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）菌株UD1022（以下简称UD1022）在体外条件下已显示出通过直接拮抗抑制美元斑病菌杰克逊克拉瑞迪（Clarireedia jacksonii）的能力。然而，为了充分了解其作为植物生物防治剂的作用，还需要进一步的研究。目前尚不清楚UD1022是否抑制匍匐曲草的美元斑，如果是，抑制是主要通过诱导植物防御反应还是通过直接拮抗发生的。为了解决这些知识空白，我们研究了UD1022对匍生曲草中杰克逊氏杆菌的生物防治潜力，重点研究了系统防御反应和直接拮抗机制。我们的数据表明，用UD1022引物后接种叶面斑疹病菌对植物没有保护作用。相比之下，UD1022直接施用于有病原菌的叶片，疾病严重程度降低了43.6%。基因表达数据显示，UD1022施于根部可通过茉莉酸（jasmonic acid， JA）和水杨酸（salicylic acid， SA）途径触发叶片防御反应。此外，用缺乏产孢、表面素和生物膜形成途径的UD1022突变体处理的植物不能保护植物免受dollar spot病原体的侵害，这表明这些途径在疾病保护和PGPR适应度中发挥了作用。了解PGPR调节植物免疫的机制有助于开发可持续的草坪草管理方法。

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引用次数: 0

Knockout of NtARF2 enhances salt tolerance in tobacco by modulating K/Na ratio and ABA content NtARF2基因敲除通过调节K/Na比和ABA含量提高烟草耐盐性

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101149

Bohan Wu , Qiwei Yu , Heqing Cai , Xiwen Sun , Tingmao Cao , Xueqiao Wu , Zhenbao Luo , Yuanfeng Dai , Hongfang Jia

Salt stress severely inhibits plant growth and negatively impacts crop yield. Auxin response factors (ARFs) play crucial roles in plant growth and development and are involved in multiple signaling pathways as well as responses to abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms by which ARFs mediate plant responses to salt stress and ABA signaling remain largely unclear. In this study, we cloned a novel tobacco ARF family gene, NtARF2, which is significantly downregulated under salt stress and exogenous ABA treatment. NtARF2 is localized in the nucleus, and its knockout increases the K/Na ratio and ABA content in tobacco, thereby markedly enhancing salt tolerance. Furthermore, NtARF2 knockout affects stomatal size, photosynthetic performance, and antioxidant capacity. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and luciferase complementation imaging (LCI) assays indicate that NtARF2 interacts with NtABI3, suggesting that it may play a key role in the crosstalk between salt stress and ABA signaling pathways. This study provides new insights into the functional role of ARF2 in tobacco salt tolerance and offers a theoretical foundation for the development of salt-tolerant crop varieties.

盐胁迫严重抑制植物生长，对作物产量产生负面影响。生长素反应因子（Auxin response factors, ARFs）在植物生长发育过程中起着至关重要的作用，参与多种信号通路以及对非生物胁迫的响应。然而，arf介导植物对盐胁迫和ABA信号的分子机制仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们克隆了一个新的烟草ARF家族基因NtARF2，该基因在盐胁迫和外源ABA处理下显著下调。NtARF2定位于细胞核，敲除NtARF2可提高烟草K/Na比和ABA含量，从而显著提高烟草耐盐性。此外，NtARF2基因敲除会影响气孔大小、光合性能和抗氧化能力。酵母双杂交（Y2H）和荧光素酶互补成像（LCI）分析表明，NtARF2与NtABI3相互作用，表明它可能在盐胁迫和ABA信号通路之间的串扰中起关键作用。本研究对ARF2基因在烟草耐盐性中的功能作用提供了新的认识，并为耐盐作物品种的开发提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0