Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100672
Bekkam Rakesh , Chitdeshwari T , Mohanapriya G
Drought stress is a major global challenge that severely impacts plant growth, photosynthesis and nutrient uptake, leading to significant yield losses. This necessitates the need for developing new agricultural technologies and one such advancement is nanotechnology. Recently, nanosilica has gained importance due to its significant role in mitigating drought and nutrient stress. The foliar/soil application and seed priming with nanosilica has shown to have positive impacts on plants under drought and nutrient stress by modulating morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters. This review aims to explore the impact of nanosilica in enhancing drought and nutrient stress tolerance in plants by demonstrating its beneficial effects on growth, gas exchange attributes, plant water status, membrane stability, antioxidant activity and silicon mediated uptake of nutrients. Further it also provides an overview of recent developments in nanosilica nutrition of crops and suggests future research directions to understand the role of nanosilica in alleviating drought and nutrient stress.
{"title":"Fascinating role of nanosilica in mitigating drought and nutrient stress – A review","authors":"Bekkam Rakesh , Chitdeshwari T , Mohanapriya G","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought stress is a major global challenge that severely impacts plant growth, photosynthesis and nutrient uptake, leading to significant yield losses. This necessitates the need for developing new agricultural technologies and one such advancement is nanotechnology. Recently, nanosilica has gained importance due to its significant role in mitigating drought and nutrient stress. The foliar/soil application and seed priming with nanosilica has shown to have positive impacts on plants under drought and nutrient stress by modulating morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters. This review aims to explore the impact of nanosilica in enhancing drought and nutrient stress tolerance in plants by demonstrating its beneficial effects on growth, gas exchange attributes, plant water status, membrane stability, antioxidant activity and silicon mediated uptake of nutrients. Further it also provides an overview of recent developments in nanosilica nutrition of crops and suggests future research directions to understand the role of nanosilica in alleviating drought and nutrient stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100672"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluated drought mitigation potential of biopriming with plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria (PGPEBs) and nanopriming with their biological copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and chemical CuNPs under polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) induced moderate (MD-5%) and severe drought (SD-10%) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The crop harvested at 15 DDS (Days to drought stress) was analysed for morphometric and biochemical parameters of drought tolerant (DT), BG-4958 and drought sensitive (DS), ICC-1882 chickpea varieties. In morphometric traits of DT variety, N1X led 384% increase in shoot dry weight (SDW) under MD while B2 in root dry weight (RDW) under SD (418%). For DS variety, N2X led 444% and 727% increase in SDW (MD) and RDW (SD), respectively. Amongst biochemical parameters, maximum increment was noticed in total chlorophyll content (TCC) by B1 under MD (703%) as well as SD (1206%) in DT variety. B1 also led highest increment (758%) in TCC of DS variety under SD while B2 under MD (300%). B2 resulted in 242% increment in total soluble carbohydrates (TSC) and 47% increase in total protein content (TPC) of DS variety under SD. N1X and N1Y led 318% and 100% increase in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) of DS variety. This variety exhibiting pronounced response was subjected to correlation analysis revealing highest correlation amongst morpho-biochemical traits under SD. Score plot in principal component analysis (PCA) of DS variety showed that biopriming and N1X having higher score values for PC2 mainly influenced by biochemical parameters also improved the yield parameters to a greater extent as analyzed on 120 DDS. Harvesting index, the ultimate indicator of the agricultural output remained insignificant in DT variety. On the other hand, B2 and N1X led highest harvesting indices under MD (94%) and SD (69%), respectively, in DS variety, owing to their higher grain yield than biological yield and higher score values influencing biochemical parameters under stress. The present study provides insights into the beneficial role of PGPEBs and biosynthesized CuNPs in mitigating the adverse effects of drought in chickpea.
{"title":"Evaluating the role of biopriming and nanopriming on the morphometric, biochemical, and yield parameters of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress","authors":"Simran Rani , Priyanka Dahiya , Aarzoo Sharma , Yash Vashisth , Kiran Arora , Amita Suneja Dang , Pooja Suneja","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated drought mitigation potential of biopriming with plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria (PGPEBs) and nanopriming with their biological copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and chemical CuNPs under polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) induced moderate (MD-5%) and severe drought (SD-10%) in chickpea (<em>Cicer arietinum</em> L.). The crop harvested at 15 DDS (Days to drought stress) was analysed for morphometric and biochemical parameters of drought tolerant (DT), BG-4958 and drought sensitive (DS), ICC-1882 chickpea varieties. In morphometric traits of DT variety, N<sub>1</sub>X led 384% increase in shoot dry weight (SDW) under MD while B<sub>2</sub> in root dry weight (RDW) under SD (418%). For DS variety, N<sub>2</sub>X led 444% and 727% increase in SDW (MD) and RDW (SD), respectively. Amongst biochemical parameters, maximum increment was noticed in total chlorophyll content (TCC) by B<sub>1</sub> under MD (703%) as well as SD (1206%) in DT variety. B<sub>1</sub> also led highest increment (758%) in TCC of DS variety under SD while B<sub>2</sub> under MD (300%). B<sub>2</sub> resulted in 242% increment in total soluble carbohydrates (TSC) and 47% increase in total protein content (TPC) of DS variety under SD. N<sub>1</sub>X and N<sub>1</sub>Y led 318% and 100% increase in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) of DS variety. This variety exhibiting pronounced response was subjected to correlation analysis revealing highest correlation amongst morpho-biochemical traits under SD. Score plot in principal component analysis (PCA) of DS variety showed that biopriming and N<sub>1</sub>X having higher score values for PC<sub>2</sub> mainly influenced by biochemical parameters also improved the yield parameters to a greater extent as analyzed on 120 DDS. Harvesting index, the ultimate indicator of the agricultural output remained insignificant in DT variety. On the other hand, B<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>1</sub>X led highest harvesting indices under MD (94%) and SD (69%), respectively, in DS variety, owing to their higher grain yield than biological yield and higher score values influencing biochemical parameters under stress. The present study provides insights into the beneficial role of PGPEBs and biosynthesized CuNPs in mitigating the adverse effects of drought in chickpea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100675"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Particulate matter (PM) is an extremely overlooked air pollutant with drastic effects on the biome, owing to the industrial and agricultural advancements, significantly exacerbating global environmental contamination levels. The altered atmosphere in urban settings due to PM pollution profoundly influences plants' morphological, physiochemical state and allied responses. PM exposure leads to drastic decrease in plant-height, phytomass, leaf number, leaf length and productivity. PM change the epicuticular wax patterns, penetrates plant tissue through stomata, and denatures the chloroplast pigmentation. It changes leaves' light absorption and reflection patterns, weakening the total radiation that reaches the chlorophyll antenna and ultimately reducing the photosynthetic rate and electron transport chain. Consequently, this alters plants morphology like wax deposits, thick epidermis, and long trichomes near stomata. Moreover, PM stress also adversely effects gluconeogenesis, amino acid biosynthesis, TCA cycle, and photorespiration-associated gene expression. Several transcription factors, such as MYB, C3H, and G2-homologues, are activated as a collective stress response. Additionally, ascorbic acid, proline and soluble sugars accumulate and several antioxidants are produced to scavenge the PM-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review aims to document plants' various responses to PM pollution in their respective eco-geographic settings and investigate ways used by plants to mitigate PM pollution. We also enumerate the consequences of PM pollution on plants and the corresponding phenomic and genetic mechanisms through which plants adapt.
{"title":"An insight to strategical responses of particulate pollution in plants: From phenome to genome","authors":"Soumya Chatterjee , Mamun Mandal , Mrinalini Kakkar , Ganapati Basak , Nasrin Banu Khan , Ranadhir Chakraborty , Robert Popek , Abhijit Sarkar , Chandan Barman","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particulate matter (PM) is an extremely overlooked air pollutant with drastic effects on the biome, owing to the industrial and agricultural advancements, significantly exacerbating global environmental contamination levels. The altered atmosphere in urban settings due to PM pollution profoundly influences plants' morphological, physiochemical state and allied responses. PM exposure leads to drastic decrease in plant-height, phytomass, leaf number, leaf length and productivity. PM change the epicuticular wax patterns, penetrates plant tissue through stomata, and denatures the chloroplast pigmentation. It changes leaves' light absorption and reflection patterns, weakening the total radiation that reaches the chlorophyll antenna and ultimately reducing the photosynthetic rate and electron transport chain. Consequently, this alters plants morphology like wax deposits, thick epidermis, and long trichomes near stomata. Moreover, PM stress also adversely effects gluconeogenesis, amino acid biosynthesis, TCA cycle, and photorespiration-associated gene expression. Several transcription factors, such as <em>MYB, C3H</em>, and <em>G2</em>-homologues, are activated as a collective stress response. Additionally, ascorbic acid, proline and soluble sugars accumulate and several antioxidants are produced to scavenge the PM-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review aims to document plants' various responses to PM pollution in their respective eco-geographic settings and investigate ways used by plants to mitigate PM pollution. We also enumerate the consequences of PM pollution on plants and the corresponding phenomic and genetic mechanisms through which plants adapt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100671"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100670
Jin Jia, Mingjiong Zhao, Rui Liu, Caixin Xue, Zhuyuan Xia, Bin Hu, Heinz Rennenberg
Drought stress is a major environmental factor limiting citrus productivity. Still, differences in drought sensitivity between citrus hybrids of different maturation periods have so far not been reported. Here, we selected a medium-maturing (Fertile orange: FO (Citrus reticulata cv. Fertile orange) and a late-maturing citrus hybrid (Newhall Navel orange: NO (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) and determined the physiological and biochemical traits of leaves, roots, wood and bark. Our results showed that drought significantly decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of citrus leaves. Oxidative stress upon drought was indicated by enhanced foliar malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide contents, as well as a stimulation of the anti-oxidative system. This stimulation included the contents of dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in leaves, roots, wood and bark, as well as activities of antioxidative enzymes of glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD). The late maturing NO hybrid not only showed better general physiological performance as indicated by increased Pn in leaves, but also higher biochemical ROS scavenging and osmotic capacity as indicated by increased ascorbic acids (ASA), DHA, and proline contents, as well as activities of enzymes of SOD, POD, ASA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios in the investigated tissues compared to the FO hybrid under drought and control conditions. Analysis of molecular mechanisms of signaling, regulatory and functional genes expression are suggested for future studies to elucidate the complex interplay of molecular, biochemical and physiological responses of citrus hybrids to drought.
{"title":"Drought-mediated oxidative stress and its scavenging differ between citrus hybrids with medium and late fruit maturation","authors":"Jin Jia, Mingjiong Zhao, Rui Liu, Caixin Xue, Zhuyuan Xia, Bin Hu, Heinz Rennenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought stress is a major environmental factor limiting citrus productivity. Still, differences in drought sensitivity between citrus hybrids of different maturation periods have so far not been reported. Here, we selected a medium-maturing (Fertile orange: FO (<em>Citrus reticulata</em> cv. Fertile orange) and a late-maturing citrus hybrid (Newhall Navel orange: NO (<em>Citrus sinensis</em> Osbeck cv. Newhall) and determined the physiological and biochemical traits of leaves, roots, wood and bark. Our results showed that drought significantly decreased net photosynthetic rate (<em>Pn</em>), stomatal conductance (<em>Gs</em>) and transpiration rate (<em>Tr</em>) of citrus leaves. Oxidative stress upon drought was indicated by enhanced foliar malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide contents, as well as a stimulation of the anti-oxidative system. This stimulation included the contents of dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in leaves, roots, wood and bark, as well as activities of antioxidative enzymes of glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD). The late maturing NO hybrid not only showed better general physiological performance as indicated by increased <em>Pn</em> in leaves, but also higher biochemical ROS scavenging and osmotic capacity as indicated by increased ascorbic acids (ASA), DHA, and proline contents, as well as activities of enzymes of SOD, POD, ASA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios in the investigated tissues compared to the FO hybrid under drought and control conditions. Analysis of molecular mechanisms of signaling, regulatory and functional genes expression are suggested for future studies to elucidate the complex interplay of molecular, biochemical and physiological responses of citrus hybrids to drought.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100670"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100663
Salvador Aljazairi , Brigen Manikan , Xavier Serrat , Salvador Nogués
Although elevated atmospheric [CO2] has substantial indirect effects on vegetation carbon uptake via associated climate change, their dynamics remain unclear. The carbon and nitrogen allocation and partitioning in durum wheat were compared at different [CO2] and different water availability. The aim of this study was to investigate how the impacts of depleted and elevated [CO2] driven climate change on Mediterranean wheat plants under drought conditions. For that reason, double stable isotope labelling using 13CO2 and 15NH4–15NO3 was conducted to follow 13C and 15N allocation and partitioning in the different plant organs. Plants were studied in growth chambers under three different CO2 environments (depleted, current and elevated) and two water availability conditions (well-watered and mild-water-stress). Isotopic 13C and 15N determination, gas exchange analyses and growth parameters were measured.
We show that plants subjected to depleted and elevated [CO2] suffered up and down regulation of photosynthesis respectively, but their responses were both modulated by water availability. Depleted [CO2] and drought reduced plant biomass. However, elevated [CO2], show that the initial positive effect of elevated [CO2] on carbon uptake declined rapidly, showing a consequence of physiological acclimation and the inhibition of [Rubisco] and activity, this effect was more evident in combination with drought. In both cases, depleted [CO2] and elevated [CO2] condition modified the C and N allocation compared with current [CO2], overall combined with drought.
These results obtained highlight the different C and N management strategies of wheat and provide relevant information about the potential response of plants under global climate change conditions.
{"title":"C and N allocation on wheat under the effects of depleted, current and elevated [CO2] are modulated by water availability","authors":"Salvador Aljazairi , Brigen Manikan , Xavier Serrat , Salvador Nogués","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although elevated atmospheric [CO<sub>2</sub>] has substantial indirect effects on vegetation carbon uptake via associated climate change, their dynamics remain unclear. The carbon and nitrogen allocation and partitioning in durum wheat were compared at different [CO<sub>2</sub>] and different water availability. The aim of this study was to investigate how the impacts of depleted and elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] driven climate change on Mediterranean wheat plants under drought conditions. For that reason, double stable isotope labelling using <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> and <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>4</sub>–<sup>15</sup>NO<sub>3</sub> was conducted to follow <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N allocation and partitioning in the different plant organs. Plants were studied in growth chambers under three different CO<sub>2</sub> environments (depleted, current and elevated) and two water availability conditions (well-watered and mild-water-stress). Isotopic <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N determination, gas exchange analyses and growth parameters were measured.</div><div>We show that plants subjected to depleted and elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] suffered up and down regulation of photosynthesis respectively, but their responses were both modulated by water availability. Depleted [CO<sub>2</sub>] and drought reduced plant biomass. However, elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>], show that the initial positive effect of elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] on carbon uptake declined rapidly, showing a consequence of physiological acclimation and the inhibition of [Rubisco] and activity, this effect was more evident in combination with drought. In both cases, depleted [CO<sub>2</sub>] and elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] condition modified the C and N allocation compared with current [CO<sub>2</sub>], overall combined with drought.</div><div>These results obtained highlight the different C and N management strategies of wheat and provide relevant information about the potential response of plants under global climate change conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100663"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a versatile crop that produces cellulosic bast fibres used in textiles and biocomposites. Is also finds use in phytoremediation, being a good candidate for the cultivation on marginal lands, such as those contaminated by heavy metals (HMs). HMs like cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) are known to affect plant growth and impair the biosynthesis of cellulose and lignin at the cell wall level. Since cellulose is the major component in the gelatinous layer of bast fibres, HMs can impact the structure of hemp fibres and, consequently, their mechanical properties. This study investigates how varying concentrations of Cd and Zn in the soil affect the bast fibres of hemp plantlets. The chosen model is the hypocotyl, as it is ideal for studying bast fibre development: it exhibits a temporal separation between the elongation and thickening phases within a short period of approximately three weeks. C. sativa plantlets were grown for 20 days, and the hypocotyls sampled to perform histochemical observations, gene expression analysis, as well as to quantify biomass yield and Cd/Zn accumulation. Hemp plantlets grown in soils with the three highest Zn concentrations were smaller than the control group, whereas no decrease in size was observed under elevated Cd concentrations. However, at the highest Cd concentration, the root system exhibited enhanced development, accompanied by a significant increase in dry weight across all the concentrations tested. The quantification of Cd and Zn showed that the roots were the main organs accumulating HMs. Cd at the two highest concentrations decreased significantly the lumen area of bast fibres and increased their cell wall thickness. Zn decreased significantly the lumen area, but it did not impact the thickness of the cell wall at the highest concentration. Cd also increased the number of secondary fibres. Immunohistochemistry highlighted a different pattern of crystalline cellulose distribution with a signal that was less homogeneous in the presence of Cd and Zn. Gene expression analysis revealed changes in transcripts encoding cellulose synthases, fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins, class III peroxidases. The results obtained shed light on the molecular response and bast fibre histological changes occurring in young hemp plants exposed to Cd and Zn.
大麻（Cannabis sativa L.）是一种用途广泛的作物，可生产纤维素韧皮纤维，用于纺织品和生物复合材料。大麻还可用于植物修复，是边缘土地（如受重金属（HMs）污染的土地）的理想种植作物。众所周知，镉（Cd）和锌（Zn）等重金属会影响植物生长，损害细胞壁层面纤维素和木质素的生物合成。由于纤维素是韧皮纤维胶质层的主要成分，因此 HMs 会影响麻纤维的结构，进而影响其机械性能。本研究调查了土壤中不同浓度的镉和锌如何影响大麻幼苗的韧皮纤维。所选择的模型是下胚轴，因为它是研究韧皮纤维发育的理想模型：在大约三周的短时间内，下胚轴的伸长阶段和增粗阶段在时间上是分离的。大麻小植株生长了 20 天，对其下胚轴进行取样，以进行组织化学观察、基因表达分析，并对生物量产量和镉/锌积累进行量化。在锌浓度最高的三种土壤中生长的小麻比对照组小，而在镉浓度较高的土壤中生长的小麻体积没有减小。不过，在镉浓度最高的土壤中，根系发育加快，干重在所有测试浓度下都显著增加。镉和锌的定量分析表明，根系是积累 HMs 的主要器官。两种最高浓度的镉能显著减少韧皮纤维的管腔面积，增加其细胞壁厚度。锌会明显减少韧皮纤维的管腔面积，但在最高浓度下不会影响细胞壁的厚度。镉也增加了次生纤维的数量。免疫组化突出显示了结晶纤维素的不同分布模式，在镉和锌的作用下，信号的均匀性降低。基因表达分析表明，纤维素合成酶、类筋膜阿拉伯半乳聚糖蛋白、III 类过氧化物酶的编码转录本发生了变化。研究结果揭示了暴露于镉和锌的大麻幼苗的分子反应和韧皮部纤维组织学变化。
{"title":"Histochemical and gene expression changes in Cannabis sativa hypocotyls exposed to increasing concentrations of cadmium and zinc","authors":"Roberto Berni , Jean-Francois Hausman , Stanley Lutts , Gea Guerriero","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hemp (<em>Cannabis sativa</em> L.) is a versatile crop that produces cellulosic bast fibres used in textiles and biocomposites. Is also finds use in phytoremediation, being a good candidate for the cultivation on marginal lands, such as those contaminated by heavy metals (HMs). HMs like cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) are known to affect plant growth and impair the biosynthesis of cellulose and lignin at the cell wall level. Since cellulose is the major component in the gelatinous layer of bast fibres, HMs can impact the structure of hemp fibres and, consequently, their mechanical properties. This study investigates how varying concentrations of Cd and Zn in the soil affect the bast fibres of hemp plantlets. The chosen model is the hypocotyl, as it is ideal for studying bast fibre development: it exhibits a temporal separation between the elongation and thickening phases within a short period of approximately three weeks. <em>C. sativa</em> plantlets were grown for 20 days, and the hypocotyls sampled to perform histochemical observations, gene expression analysis, as well as to quantify biomass yield and Cd/Zn accumulation. Hemp plantlets grown in soils with the three highest Zn concentrations were smaller than the control group, whereas no decrease in size was observed under elevated Cd concentrations. However, at the highest Cd concentration, the root system exhibited enhanced development, accompanied by a significant increase in dry weight across all the concentrations tested. The quantification of Cd and Zn showed that the roots were the main organs accumulating HMs. Cd at the two highest concentrations decreased significantly the lumen area of bast fibres and increased their cell wall thickness. Zn decreased significantly the lumen area, but it did not impact the thickness of the cell wall at the highest concentration. Cd also increased the number of secondary fibres. Immunohistochemistry highlighted a different pattern of crystalline cellulose distribution with a signal that was less homogeneous in the presence of Cd and Zn. Gene expression analysis revealed changes in transcripts encoding cellulose synthases, fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins, class III peroxidases. The results obtained shed light on the molecular response and bast fibre histological changes occurring in young hemp plants exposed to Cd and Zn.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100668"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sucrose non-fermenting (SNF) related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is a master regulator of energy deprivation signaling, has also been implicated in abiotic and biotic stress regulation. SnRK1 promotes stress tolerance through metabolic and transcriptional changes and plays important roles in innate immunity against various pathogens. However, whether it plays a role against insect herbivory is not understood. To test this, using the wild type (with SnRK1) and snrk1 mutant lines in rice, we examined the potential role of SnRK1 in rice against the ruinous pest, Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda. We also investigated the response of FAW towards these lines at different time intervals after exogenous application of plant hormone, Jasmonic acid (JA), and a JA blocker (Ibuprofen). Additional experiments by feeding FAW with leaf infused diet, fresh leaves, and a short-term exposure of FAW to the lines were also carried out. FAW mass gain, growth and development, and host ecophysiological traits were observed. In addition, we also quantified the major surface defenses- trichomes, and wax before and after herbivory. Our results show that FAW response did not vary between mutants and wild type rice. Meanwhile, we found plant hormonal application influenced the ecophysiological traits regardless of mutants and wild type rice. Collectively, we show that while defense against FAW in rice is JA mediated, SnRK1 has a limited role as observed through manipulative experiments with the wild type and snrk1 mutant rice lines.
{"title":"Rice sucrose non-fermenting related protein kinase (SnRK1) has a limited role in defense against Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)","authors":"Devi Balakrishnan , Vibha Srivastava , Rupesh Kariyat","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sucrose non-fermenting (SNF) related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is a master regulator of energy deprivation signaling, has also been implicated in abiotic and biotic stress regulation. SnRK1 promotes stress tolerance through metabolic and transcriptional changes and plays important roles in innate immunity against various pathogens. However, whether it plays a role against insect herbivory is not understood. To test this, using the wild type (with SnRK1) and snrk1 mutant lines in rice, we examined the potential role of SnRK1 in rice against the ruinous pest, Fall armyworm (FAW), <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>. We also investigated the response of FAW towards these lines at different time intervals after exogenous application of plant hormone, Jasmonic acid (JA), and a JA blocker (Ibuprofen). Additional experiments by feeding FAW with leaf infused diet, fresh leaves, and a short-term exposure of FAW to the lines were also carried out. FAW mass gain, growth and development, and host ecophysiological traits were observed. In addition, we also quantified the major surface defenses- trichomes, and wax before and after herbivory. Our results show that FAW response did not vary between mutants and wild type rice. Meanwhile, we found plant hormonal application influenced the ecophysiological traits regardless of mutants and wild type rice. Collectively, we show that while defense against FAW in rice is JA mediated, SnRK1 has a limited role as observed through manipulative experiments with the wild type and snrk1 mutant rice lines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100667"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100654
Najeeb Ullah, Malik Adil Nawaz, Mohammed Alsafran
Climate change and increasing atmospheric temperatures significantly challenge global wheat productivity and food security. Unpredictable weather patterns and frequent heatwaves, particularly during reproductive and grain-filling phases of wheat crops significantly reduce grain yield and quality. This review examines current literature on the impact of heat intensity and duration on grain yield components during these sensitive growth phases. Using the published literature, we quantified grain yield losses in response to varying heat intensity and duration during different developmental phases of wheat crops. The data suggest that grain number loss in wheat is poorly correlated with heat intensity and timing (0 to 15 days before anthesis) alone but it strongly responds (r²=0.45) to the number of hot days, with a 0.2 % loss of grains for each additional hot day with a temperature above optimum (16–22 °C). Further, for every 1 °C increase in mean temperature above optimum during sensitive phases (from -5 to 15 days since anthesis), individual grain weight decreases by approximately 2.1 %. This review also discusses how changes in source-sink regulation, particularly carbon assimilation, storage, transport and sugar metabolism in wheat under terminal heat are associated with grain yield losses. It also identifies the research gaps in heat wheat interaction, discussing potential opportunities (e.g., breeding and management) for sustaining wheat production under future hot environments.
{"title":"Physiological mechanisms regulating source-sink interactions and grain yield formation in heat-stressed wheat","authors":"Najeeb Ullah, Malik Adil Nawaz, Mohammed Alsafran","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change and increasing atmospheric temperatures significantly challenge global wheat productivity and food security. Unpredictable weather patterns and frequent heatwaves, particularly during reproductive and grain-filling phases of wheat crops significantly reduce grain yield and quality. This review examines current literature on the impact of heat intensity and duration on grain yield components during these sensitive growth phases. Using the published literature, we quantified grain yield losses in response to varying heat intensity and duration during different developmental phases of wheat crops. The data suggest that grain number loss in wheat is poorly correlated with heat intensity and timing (0 to 15 days before anthesis) alone but it strongly responds (<em>r</em>²=0.45) to the number of hot days, with a 0.2 % loss of grains for each additional hot day with a temperature above optimum (16–22 °C). Further, for every 1 °C increase in mean temperature above optimum during sensitive phases (from -5 to 15 days since anthesis), individual grain weight decreases by approximately 2.1 %. This review also discusses how changes in source-sink regulation, particularly carbon assimilation, storage, transport and sugar metabolism in wheat under terminal heat are associated with grain yield losses. It also identifies the research gaps in heat wheat interaction, discussing potential opportunities (e.g., breeding and management) for sustaining wheat production under future hot environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100654"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100661
Dhananjaya Pratap Singh , Sudarshan Maurya , Lovkush Satnami , Renu , Ratna Prabha , Birinchi K. Sarma , Nagendra Rai
The intricate interplay between microbiome and plant immunity represents a frontier in plant biology with significant implications for agriculture and ecosystem management. This review explores intricate relationship between plant immunity and the microbiome, highlighting its significance in addressing current agricultural and environmental challenges. The plant immune system, comprising pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), plays crucial role in shaping microbial communities in the rhizosphere. Phytohormones such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene are the key modulators of plant defenses and contribute to rhizosphere microbiome composition. The concept of defense priming and plant immune memory emerges as a promising avenue for enhancing crop resilience against phytopathogens and environmental stresses. Root exudates and plant defense signatures actively influence rhizosphere microbiome structure, establishing a bidirectional relationship between plants and their microbial partners. This interaction is particularly relevant in the context of climate change, where plants face increasing biotic and abiotic stresses. Understanding and leveraging these complex interactions holds promise for developing more sustainable agricultural practices, reducing reliance on chemical inputs, and ensuring food security in the face of global challenges. We have stressed upon the importance of viewing the plant-soil-microbiome system as an integrated unit or holobiont. As agriculture grapples with the challenges of feeding a growing population under changing environmental conditions, harnessing the power of plant-microbiome interactions presents a promising strategy for improving food security and promoting ecosystem health.
{"title":"Roots of resistance: Unraveling microbiome-driven plant immunity","authors":"Dhananjaya Pratap Singh , Sudarshan Maurya , Lovkush Satnami , Renu , Ratna Prabha , Birinchi K. Sarma , Nagendra Rai","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intricate interplay between microbiome and plant immunity represents a frontier in plant biology with significant implications for agriculture and ecosystem management. This review explores intricate relationship between plant immunity and the microbiome, highlighting its significance in addressing current agricultural and environmental challenges. The plant immune system, comprising pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), plays crucial role in shaping microbial communities in the rhizosphere. Phytohormones such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene are the key modulators of plant defenses and contribute to rhizosphere microbiome composition. The concept of defense priming and plant immune memory emerges as a promising avenue for enhancing crop resilience against phytopathogens and environmental stresses. Root exudates and plant defense signatures actively influence rhizosphere microbiome structure, establishing a bidirectional relationship between plants and their microbial partners. This interaction is particularly relevant in the context of climate change, where plants face increasing biotic and abiotic stresses. Understanding and leveraging these complex interactions holds promise for developing more sustainable agricultural practices, reducing reliance on chemical inputs, and ensuring food security in the face of global challenges. We have stressed upon the importance of viewing the plant-soil-microbiome system as an integrated unit or holobiont. As agriculture grapples with the challenges of feeding a growing population under changing environmental conditions, harnessing the power of plant-microbiome interactions presents a promising strategy for improving food security and promoting ecosystem health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100661"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought poses a significant challenge to global potato production. Grafting, a classical horticultural technique, has the potential to enhance resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the use of grafting to improve drought resistance in potatoes, along with the underlying genetic and regulatory changes remains inadequately documented. In this study, we investigated the drought phenotypes, as well as the metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles of leaves and roots in self-grafted (drought-sensitive scion/ drought-sensitive rootstock, SS) and hetero-grafted (drought-sensitive scion/drought-tolerant rootstock, ST) potatoes. After 40 days, hetero-grafts exhibited greater drought resistance as well as lower dry matter content and higher soluble sugar content compared to self-grafts, indicating that grafting with drought-tolerant rootstocks can enhance the drought resistance of the scion and revealed physiological process. Metabolomic analysis revealed a significant enrichment of flavonoids, particularly in comparisons between SS-leaf vs. ST-leaf and SS-root vs. ST-root. Transcriptomic analysis further supported these findings, showing an enrichment in the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites in the same comparisons, aligning with metabolomic data. These differentially accumulated metabolites and expressed genes, particularly in SS-leaf vs. ST-leaf comparison, suggest a mechanism involving long-distance metabolites and mRNA in grafting-mediated drought resistance. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis identified the yellow module, which correlated with drought, and highlighted MYB or MYB-related genes as hub genes. Our results reveal global metabolomic and transcriptomic features associated with drought tolerance in potatoes, demonstrating that grafting can alter the composition and accumulation of genes and metabolites, leading to enhanced drought resistance. The significant role of flavonoids as modulators of drought resistance, supported by comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, underscores the pivotal regulatory function of the MYB-WD40-bHLH transcription factor complex in orchestrating the stress response.
干旱对全球马铃薯生产构成重大挑战。嫁接作为一种经典的园艺技术，具有增强对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性的潜力。然而，利用嫁接来提高马铃薯的抗旱性，以及潜在的遗传和调控变化仍然没有得到充分的记录。在本研究中，我们研究了自嫁接（干旱敏感接穗/干旱敏感砧木，SS）和异质嫁接（干旱敏感接穗/耐旱砧木，ST）马铃薯的干旱表型以及叶片和根部的代谢组和转录组图谱。40 天后，异株嫁接的马铃薯与自株嫁接的马铃薯相比表现出更强的抗旱性、更低的干物质含量和更高的可溶性糖含量，这表明与耐旱砧木嫁接可增强接穗的抗旱性，并揭示了生理过程。代谢组分析表明，黄酮类化合物含量显著增加，特别是在 SS-叶与 ST-叶、SS-根与 ST-根的比较中。转录组分析进一步支持了这些发现，显示在相同的比较中，植物次生代谢物的生物合成丰富，与代谢组数据一致。这些不同积累的代谢物和表达基因，尤其是在 SS 叶与 ST 叶的比较中，表明嫁接介导的抗旱机制涉及长距离代谢物和 mRNA。加权基因共表达网络分析确定了与干旱相关的黄色模块，并突出了作为枢纽基因的 MYB 或 MYB 相关基因。我们的研究结果揭示了与马铃薯抗旱性相关的全局代谢组学和转录组学特征，表明嫁接可以改变基因和代谢产物的组成和积累，从而增强抗旱性。在全面的转录组和代谢组分析的支持下，类黄酮作为抗旱性调节因子的重要作用凸显了 MYB-WD40-bHLH 转录因子复合物在协调胁迫响应中的关键调控功能。
{"title":"Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal MYB-Related genes involved in drought resistance in grafted potatoes via the flavonoid pathway","authors":"Yinqiao Jian , Chunyan Gao , Yangyang Shang , Junhong Qin, Shaoguang Duan, Chunsong Bian, Guangcun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought poses a significant challenge to global potato production. Grafting, a classical horticultural technique, has the potential to enhance resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the use of grafting to improve drought resistance in potatoes, along with the underlying genetic and regulatory changes remains inadequately documented. In this study, we investigated the drought phenotypes, as well as the metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles of leaves and roots in self-grafted (drought-sensitive scion/ drought-sensitive rootstock, SS) and hetero-grafted (drought-sensitive scion/drought-tolerant rootstock, ST) potatoes. After 40 days, hetero-grafts exhibited greater drought resistance as well as lower dry matter content and higher soluble sugar content compared to self-grafts, indicating that grafting with drought-tolerant rootstocks can enhance the drought resistance of the scion and revealed physiological process. Metabolomic analysis revealed a significant enrichment of flavonoids, particularly in comparisons between SS-leaf vs. ST-leaf and SS-root vs. ST-root. Transcriptomic analysis further supported these findings, showing an enrichment in the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites in the same comparisons, aligning with metabolomic data. These differentially accumulated metabolites and expressed genes, particularly in SS-leaf vs. ST-leaf comparison, suggest a mechanism involving long-distance metabolites and mRNA in grafting-mediated drought resistance. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis identified the yellow module, which correlated with drought, and highlighted MYB or MYB-related genes as hub genes. Our results reveal global metabolomic and transcriptomic features associated with drought tolerance in potatoes, demonstrating that grafting can alter the composition and accumulation of genes and metabolites, leading to enhanced drought resistance. The significant role of flavonoids as modulators of drought resistance, supported by comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, underscores the pivotal regulatory function of the MYB-WD40-bHLH transcription factor complex in orchestrating the stress response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100665"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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