Plant Stress最新文献_第10页

Kaolinite and calcite foliar treatments induce physiological changes in cherry tree leaves 高岭石和方解石叶面处理可引起樱桃树叶片的生理变化

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101235

Tamara González-Illanes , Olivia Martínez-Lama , Héctor A. Bahamonde , Alberto Carrión-Antolí , Estanis Torres , Victoria Fernández

Foliar particle treatments can improve plant stress tolerance, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear to date. In this study, the effect of supplying calcite and kaolinite was evaluated by treating leaves of field-grown cherry trees (Prunus avium var. Sweetheart) and evaluating their effects. Leaves were dipped in 5, 10 or 15% (w/v) calcite and kaolinite suspensions of similar particle size. Stomatal conductance (G_s), leaf temperature (T_leaf) and chlorophyll fluorescence were regularly monitored, while leaf mineral elements were determined at the end of the experimental period. The surface features, wettability and surface free energy of adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces were characterised. Foliar kaolinite treatments increased tissue aluminium (Al) and silicon (Si) concentrations, with minor calcium (Ca) increments associated with calcite application. In addition, mineral particle supply changed the leaf concentration of other elements, such as potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S), boron (B), iron (Fe) or manganese (Mn). Chlorophyll fluorescence was not affected by the treatments, but short-term effects on G_s and T_leaf lasting only for few days after foliar application, were recorded. The supply of particle suspensions with surfactant, led to higher G_s values, while T_leaf generally decreased only for few days after foliar application. It is concluded that foliar particle treatments may trigger beneficial physiological changes after being exposed to transient stress situations, but further investigations are required for improving their effectiveness.

叶面颗粒处理可以提高植物的抗逆性，但其机制尚不清楚。本研究通过对大田樱桃树（Prunus avium var.甜心）叶片进行处理，评价了方解石和高岭石的补加效果。叶片分别浸在5%、10%或15% （w/v）的相似粒径方解石和高岭石悬浮液中。定期监测气孔导度（Gs）、叶片温度（Tleaf）和叶绿素荧光，并在试验结束时测定叶片矿物元素。表征了叶片正面和背面的表面特征、润湿性和表面自由能。叶面高岭石处理增加了组织铝（Al）和硅（Si）浓度，方解石处理增加了少量钙（Ca）浓度。此外，矿物颗粒的供应改变了其他元素的浓度，如钾(K)、镁（Mg）、硫(S)、硼(B)、铁（Fe）或锰（Mn）。叶绿素荧光不受处理的影响，但对Gs和叶片的短期影响仅持续数天。添加表面活性剂的颗粒悬浮液会导致g值升高，而叶片在施用后的几天内通常会下降。综上所述，叶片颗粒处理可能会引起瞬时胁迫后有益的生理变化，但需要进一步研究以提高其有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering synergy of beneficial bacteria and quercetin dihydrate for enhanced resilience in Chinese Kale against combined cadmium and salinity stress 有益菌和二水合槲皮素增强芥蓝抗镉盐复合胁迫的协同作用

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101205

Bareera Munir , Waheed Akram , Areeba Rehman , Waheed Ullah Khan , Nasim Ahmad Yasin , Iqra Munir , Guihua Li

Degradation of agricultural lands due to the accumulation of trace elements and salinity is anticipated to emerge as a critical issue impeding sustainable agricultural production and food security. This study aimed to mitigate combined salinity and cadmium metal stress in Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) using Quercetin dihydrate (QDH) and Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus Z-01 and Bacillus simplex Z-09). The potting mix was artificially spiked with Cd metal (90 mg/kg soil) and subjected to salinity stress (100 mM). QDH (50 µM) was applied as foliar spray, whereas bacteria were provided as a soil drench in different combinations. The onset of Cd and salinity stress significantly decreased (P < 0.05) shoot length (32.5%), root length (44.8%), shoot dry biomass (55.17%), and root dry biomass (50.1%) compared with control. The combined application of strain Z-09 and QDH performed best, restoring the plant growth parameters to non-stressed levels. Z-09 + QDH significantly increased shoot length (36.21%), root length (37.47%), shoot dry biomass (58.2%), and root dry biomass (25.3%) compared with the stress control plants. Evaluation of photosynthetic pigment levels and enzyme activities showed that Z-09 + QDH application under combined stress increased chlorophyll a (50.8%), chlorophyll b (60.3%), and total chlorophyll (54.2%) contents and antioxidant enzyme activities in Kale plants under stress conditions. In-silico studies were performed to further support the role of QDH in stress mitigation, which confirmed strong interactions of QDH with key stress-responsive proteins (MAPK, DREB, BHLH, and SOS1),. To elucidate the metabolic contribution, non-targeted metabolomic analysis was performed which showed that metabolites with varying abundance belonged to TCA cycle, carbon metabolism, amino acids metabolism, and phenylpropanoid pathways, along with notable accumulation of osmolytes, flavonoids, and organic acids that contributed to stress mitigation. Our findings indicated a synergistic action of quercetin dihydrate and beneficial bacteria to enhance cadmium and salinity tolerance in Chinese kale by activating both biochemical defenses and metabolic adjustments.

由于微量元素和盐分的积累而导致农地退化，预计将成为阻碍可持续农业生产和粮食安全的一个关键问题。利用二水合槲皮素（QDH）和蜡样芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus Z-01）和单纯芽孢杆菌（Bacillus simplplex Z-09）对芥蓝（Brassica oleracea vart . alboglabra）的盐镉联合胁迫进行了研究。在盆栽混合料中人工添加镉金属（90 mg/kg土壤），并进行100 mM的盐胁迫。QDH（50µM）作为叶面喷雾施用，而细菌以不同组合作为土壤淋雨。与对照相比，Cd和盐度胁迫显著降低了茎长（32.5%）、根长（44.8%）、茎干生物量（55.17%）和根干生物量（50.1%）（P < 0.05）。菌株Z-09与QDH配施效果最好，使植株生长参数恢复到非胁迫水平。与胁迫对照相比，Z-09 + QDH显著提高了茎长（36.21%）、根长（37.47%）、茎干生物量（58.2%）和根干生物量（25.3%）。对光合色素水平和酶活性的评价表明，复合胁迫下施用Z-09 + QDH可提高甘蓝叶片叶绿素a（50.8%）、叶绿素b（60.3%）、总叶绿素含量（54.2%）和抗氧化酶活性。为了进一步支持QDH在缓解压力中的作用，我们进行了计算机研究，证实了QDH与关键的应激反应蛋白（MAPK、DREB、BHLH和SOS1）有很强的相互作用。为了阐明代谢的作用，进行了非靶向代谢组学分析，结果表明，不同丰度的代谢物属于TCA循环、碳代谢、氨基酸代谢和苯丙素途径，同时还有显著的渗透物、类黄酮和有机酸的积累，这些代谢有助于缓解应激。研究结果表明，槲皮素和有益菌通过激活生化防御和代谢调节，协同提高芥蓝对镉和盐的耐受性。

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引用次数: 0

Transcriptomic and metabolomic insights into the mechanisms of pest resistance in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) 豇豆（Vigna unguiculata L.）抗虫机制的转录组学和代谢组学研究

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101240

Xueqiang Wang , Jiantao Wu , Siqi Xia , Jun Li , Qinggan Liang , Jing Xie , Shaoying Wu

Cowpea is a vital protein source in semi-arid regions yet suffers annual yield losses ranging from 15% to 60% due to the American serpentine leafminer. Comparative analyses between highly resistant cultivars, namely May Pea Black (R1) and LD03 (R2), and susceptible varieties revealed distinct defensive approaches. R1 triggers a rapid chemical defense involving early activation of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling that promotes phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis. Conversely, R2 implements structural reinforcement mediated by MAPK cascades that lead to alkaloid synthesis and cell wall strengthening while gradually increasing salicylic acid (SA) signaling. Integration of multi-omics data confirmed the coordinated regulation of the flavonoid pathway in R1 and identified VuLTR1 and VuLTR2 as significant regulators. These results indicate that resistance is shaped by temporal dynamics and JA-SA crosstalk, identifying CHS, F3H, and VuLTR2 as primary candidates for pyramiding defenses in cowpea breeding programs.

在半干旱地区，豇豆是一种重要的蛋白质来源，但由于美洲蛇形叶蝉的影响，豇豆每年的产量损失在15%到60%之间。高抗性品种梅豆黑（R1）和LD03 （R2）与易感品种的比较分析显示，防御途径不同。R1触发快速的化学防御，涉及茉莉酸（JA）信号的早期激活，促进苯丙酸和类黄酮的生物合成。相反，R2实现由MAPK级联介导的结构强化，导致生物碱合成和细胞壁强化，同时逐渐增加水杨酸（SA）信号。整合多组学数据证实了R1中黄酮类通路的协同调控，并鉴定出VuLTR1和VuLTR2为重要调控因子。这些结果表明，抗性是由时间动态和JA-SA串扰形成的，确定了CHS， F3H和VuLTR2是豇豆育种计划中金字塔防御的主要候选者。

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引用次数: 0

Seed biopriming for stress resilience: Harnessing stress-adapted and growth-promoting endophytes under drought and salinity 胁迫恢复的种子生物灌浆：利用干旱和盐胁迫下适应和促进生长的内生菌

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101225

Wiwiek Harsonowati , Kartika Kartika , Arinal Haq Izzawati Nurrahma , Jati Purwani , Baswarsiati Baswarsiati , Amisnaipa Amisnaipa , Sri Widawati , Suliasih Suliasih , Rashid Iqbal , Saltanat Aghayeva , Sajid Ullah

Climate change, driven by both natural processes and human activities, disrupts crop production patterns, threatens global food security, and intensifies abiotic stresses in agricultural systems. Our comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research articles published in the Scopus database from 2014 to 2024 reveals that drought and salinity are the most prevalent abiotic stressors induced by climate change. These stressors negatively impact seed germination, plant growth, and productivity, resulting in substantial yield losses. To address these challenges, there is an urgent need for sustainable and economically viable strategies to enhance crop resilience and adaptability to abiotic stresses. One promising solution is the use of plant-associated endophytic microbes, which play a vital role in helping plants adapt to challenging environmental conditions. This review highlights seed biopriming with stress-adapted, growth-promoting endophytes as an innovative, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly strategy to improve plant resilience against drought and salinity. We explore the morpho-physiological, transcriptional, metabolic, and biochemical responses of plants to these stresses and examine the role of endophyte-mediated seed priming in mitigating the impacts of drought and salinity. Key mechanisms discussed include seed germination and growth promotion, phytohormone biosynthesis, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant modulation, and the upregulation of stress-responsive genes, such as those involved in redox signalling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and interactions with other plant hormone networks. The potential of endophyte-primed seeds to enhance plant tolerance under stress conditions represents a significant advancement in climate-smart agriculture, offering a practical solution to ensuring food security in the face of climate change.

由自然过程和人类活动共同驱动的气候变化破坏了作物生产模式，威胁到全球粮食安全，并加剧了农业系统中的非生物压力。我们对2014 - 2024年Scopus数据库中发表的研究论文进行了综合文献计量分析，发现干旱和盐度是气候变化引起的最普遍的非生物胁迫因素。这些压力源对种子萌发、植物生长和生产力产生负面影响，导致大量产量损失。为了应对这些挑战，迫切需要制定可持续和经济上可行的战略，以提高作物对非生物胁迫的抗逆性和适应性。一个有希望的解决方案是利用植物相关的内生微生物，它们在帮助植物适应具有挑战性的环境条件方面起着至关重要的作用。这篇综述强调了利用适应胁迫、促进生长的内生菌进行种子生物灌溉是一种创新、经济、环保的策略，可以提高植物对干旱和盐度的抵御能力。我们探索了植物对这些胁迫的形态生理、转录、代谢和生化反应，并研究了内生菌介导的种子启动在减轻干旱和盐度影响中的作用。讨论的关键机制包括种子萌发和生长促进、植物激素生物合成、渗透调节、抗氧化调节和应激反应基因的上调，如那些参与氧化还原信号、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）途径的基因，以及与其他植物激素网络的相互作用。内生菌种子在逆境条件下增强植物耐受性的潜力是气候智能型农业的重大进步，为在气候变化面前确保粮食安全提供了切实可行的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Nitrogen and melatonin synergistically alleviate drought stress in wheat by enhancing photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and antioxidant defense 氮和褪黑素通过促进小麦光合作用、氮代谢和抗氧化防御协同缓解干旱胁迫

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101175

Jinhui Xie , Yuxuan Liu , Yang Liu , Chuanliu Xie , Xiaotao Hu , Chen Ru

Nitrogen (N) and exogenous melatonin (MT) have been demonstrated to effectively mitigate drought stress. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying their interactive effects on post-anthesis drought responses in wheat remain unclear. This study explored the impacts of N and MT on photosynthesis, plant water relations, antioxidant defense system, N metabolism and remobilization, root architecture, yield, and water and N use efficiency. Compared with drought stress (DS), the co-application of 260 kg N hm^-2 (N2) and 100 µmol·L^-1 MT (M1) markedly increased the leaf photosynthetic rate root vitality, and root hydraulic conductivity. Under N2 conditions, MT treatment further enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase, as well as the contents of proline and betaine, thereby improving antioxidant capacity and cell membrane stability, as evidenced by the lower levels of superoxide anion and malondialdehyde. Additionally, N2 enhanced the regulatory effect of M1 on N metabolism, as evidenced by higher activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and elevated free amino acids content. Compared with DS, N2M1 treatment increased aboveground N accumulation and the contribution of pre-anthesis N translocation to grain N by 30.8% and 11.1%, respectively, resulting in a 20.4% increase in wheat yield. The higher water use efficiency for grain and biomass was mainly attributed to the increased root density and root hydraulic conductivity in the deep soil layer. N use efficiency increased with the rise in MT concentration, particularly under the N1 conditions. Collectively, appropriate N augmentation combined with MT can enhance drought tolerance in wheat, representing a promising cultivation management strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of post-anthesis drought.

氮(N)和外源褪黑素（MT）已被证明能有效缓解干旱胁迫。然而，它们对小麦花后干旱反应交互作用的调控机制尚不清楚。本研究探讨了氮素和MT对光合作用、植物水分关系、抗氧化防御系统、氮素代谢和再动员、根构型、产量以及水氮利用效率的影响。与干旱胁迫（DS）相比，260 kg N hm-2 （N2）和100µmol·L-1 MT （M1）配施显著提高了叶片光合速率、根系活力和根系导水性。在N2条件下，MT处理进一步提高了超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶的活性，以及脯氨酸和甜菜碱的含量，从而提高了抗氧化能力和细胞膜稳定性，表现为超氧化物阴离子和丙二醛水平降低。N2增强了M1对氮代谢的调控作用，硝酸盐还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶活性提高，游离氨基酸含量升高。与DS相比，N2M1处理使小麦地上氮素积累量和花前氮素转运对籽粒氮素的贡献分别提高30.8%和11.1%，产量提高20.4%。粮食和生物量水分利用效率的提高主要是由于深层根系密度和根系导水率的提高。氮素利用效率随着MT浓度的增加而增加，特别是在N1条件下。综上所述，适当的施氮与机栽相结合可以提高小麦的抗旱性，是缓解花后干旱不利影响的一种有前景的栽培管理策略。

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引用次数: 0

Biostimulant action of humic substances on tomato physiology and metabolism under water and nitrogen stresses 水分和氮胁迫下腐殖质对番茄生理代谢的生物刺激作用

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101150

Kuan Qin, Xuejun Dong, Vijay Joshi, Chungkeun Lee, Joshua T. Harvey, Daniel I. Leskovar

Humic substances (HS) have been widely tested as plant biostimulants for their bioactive effects on plant growth. However, despite the commonly used liquid HS products as foliar spray or solution injection, solid HS products used as media amendments to mitigate abiotic stress are less reported. This study investigated the mode of action of lignite-derived solid HS when mixed with peat substrate on mitigating tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-Tom) responses under water (80 % and 40 % water holding capacity) and nitrogen (N, 100 % and 40 % recommended N input) stress across vegetative-, reproductive-, and whole-stage periods. HS-treated plants demonstrated significantly greater shoot and root development before, during, and after vegetative-, reproductive-, and whole-stage stress, resulting in higher biomass, fruit number, and fruit yield with ranges from 17 % to 33 %. Water stress reduced leaf water content, gas exchange activities, and water potential, while the application of HS mitigated these adverse effects. N stress inhibited root elongation during stress periods, decreased plant nitrogen level, reduced plant biomass and yield at the end of the study, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), membrane damage (MDA), and abscisic acid (ABA) levels during stress, especially when combined with water stress. HS reduced cell damage and oxidative stress markers (ROS, MDA) while also decreasing enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD, CAT) and increasing non-enzymatic antioxidants (proline, carotenoids) and related signals (ABA) under both water and N stress conditions. HS application played important role at the late stage of plant N assimilation, producing higher amino acids, protein, and total N accumulation. Overall, lignite-derived HS effectively enhanced plant stress defense, photosynthesis, and nutrient use, demonstrating strong potential as a soil or media amendment to improve vegetable production under water and nitrogen stress.

腐殖质物质因其对植物生长的生物活性作用而被广泛用作植物生物刺激素。然而，尽管通常使用液体HS产品作为叶面喷雾或溶液注射，但固体HS产品用作介质修正以减轻非生物胁迫的报道较少。研究了褐煤衍生固体HS与泥炭基质混合对番茄（Solanum lycopersicum L. cv）的抑制作用模式。在水分（80%和40%持水量）和氮（N， 100%和40%推荐N输入）胁迫下，Micro-Tom在营养、生殖和全生育期的响应。在营养胁迫、生殖胁迫和全期胁迫之前、期间和之后，经hs处理的植株的茎和根发育显著加快，生物量、果实数量和产量均提高了17% ~ 33%。水分胁迫降低了叶片含水量、气体交换活性和水势，而HS的施用减轻了这些不利影响。氮胁迫抑制了胁迫期根系伸长，降低了植株氮素水平，降低了研究结束时植株生物量和产量，并增加了胁迫期间活性氧（ROS）、膜损伤（MDA）和脱落酸（ABA）水平，尤其是在与水分胁迫联合处理时。在水分和氮胁迫条件下，HS降低了细胞损伤和氧化应激标志物（ROS、MDA），降低了酶促抗氧化活性（SOD、CAT），增加了非酶促抗氧化活性（脯氨酸、类胡萝卜素）和相关信号（ABA）。HS在植物氮素同化后期发挥重要作用，产生较高的氨基酸、蛋白质和总氮积累。总的来说，褐煤衍生的HS有效地增强了植物的逆境防御、光合作用和养分利用，显示出在水氮胁迫下作为土壤或介质改良剂提高蔬菜产量的强大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Begomovirus AC1 protein switches sides to boost plant defense against whiteflies begomavirus AC1蛋白改变方向以增强植物对白蝇的防御

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101134

Duan Wang , Xuan Zhang , Qi Liu , Peng Zhang , Jian Ye

Plant-virus-vector interactions are multifaceted, with virus infection impacting herbivore performance positively, neutrally, or negatively. This is particularly evident in begomoviruses, which commonly establish mutualistic relationships with their vectors whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) to enhance transmission. Here, we report the opposite for the invasive Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) in China. SLCMV establishes a negative relationship with vector whitefly via the plant host. Molecular analysis reveals that the AC1 proteins of two SLCMV strains (Col and HN7) enhance plant resistance to whiteflies by promoting the accumulation and dimerization of MYC2, a core plant defense transcription factor. A conserved C-terminal 7-amino acid motif in SLCMV-Col AC1 specifically potentiates this activity. This study identifies a novel mechanism whereby viral virulence factors activate host defenses against insect vectors, providing critical insights for developing integrated pest and disease management strategies.

植物与病毒载体的相互作用是多方面的，病毒感染对食草动物的性能有积极、中性或消极的影响。这在begomovirus中尤其明显，它通常与其载体白蝇（烟粉虱）建立互惠关系，以加强传播。在这里，我们报道了入侵性斯里兰卡木薯花叶病毒（SLCMV）在中国的情况。SLCMV通过植物寄主与媒介白蝇呈负相关。分子分析表明，两个SLCMV毒株（Col和HN7）的AC1蛋白通过促进植物核心防御转录因子MYC2的积累和二聚化来增强植物对白蝇的抗性。SLCMV-Col AC1中一个保守的c端7个氨基酸基序特异性地增强了这种活性。本研究确定了一种新的机制，即病毒毒力因子激活宿主对昆虫媒介的防御，为制定综合病虫害管理策略提供重要见解。

引用次数: 0

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Chinese cabbage J405 reveals underlying high resistance to Alternaria brassicicola-induced black spot disease 大白菜J405的染色体水平基因组组装揭示了对甘蓝黑斑病的高抗性

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101154

Wenyuan Yan , Hong Zhang , Weiqiang Fan , Xiaohui Liu , Zhiyin Huang , Yong Wang , Chaonan Wang , Bin Zhang

Through germplasm screening, we previously identified Chinese cabbage line J405, which displays strong resistance to black spot disease caused by Alternaria brassicicola. To elucidate the molecular basis of this resistance, we generated a chromosome-level genome assembly of J405 and compared it with other Brassica species. We further characterized BraBIK1, a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase family gene, and analyzed its promoter activity. The J405 genome is 440 Mb in size and encodes 49,923 protein-coding genes, with transposable elements comprising 57.65% of the genome. The 10 assembled chromosomes harbor abundant secondary metabolite biosynthetic clusters and R-gene clusters, many of which exhibit pathogen-responsive expression. Each chromosome also contains numerous SSR loci, with A/T and AT/TA motifs predominating. Expansion of gene families related to oxidoreductases, transferases, and basal metabolism was observed in J405. Functional assays demonstrated that BraBIK1 overexpression enhances resistance to A. brassicicola, whereas silencing reduces resistance. BraBIK1 activates genes associated with both PTI and ETI immune responses, as well as multiple hormone signaling pathways. Subcellular localization confirmed BraBIK1 at the plasma membrane. GUS reporter assays showed broad expression throughout Arabidopsis thaliana and induction by various phytohormones. Taken together, the expression of secondary metabolite genes and R genes, along with the functional contribution of BraBIK1 and expansion of related families, likely underpins the exceptional disease resistance of J405. In this study, we established a chromosome-level genome assembly of Chinese cabbage J405, developed 127,343 genome-wide SSR markers, and functionally validated BraBIK1. These results provide valuable resources for genetic improvement of vegetable crop resilience and quality.

通过种质筛选，我们已鉴定出对甘蓝黑斑病具有较强抗性的大白菜品系J405。为了阐明这种抗性的分子基础，我们对J405进行了染色体水平的基因组组装，并将其与其他芸苔属植物进行了比较。我们进一步表征了BraBIK1，一个受体样细胞质激酶家族基因，并分析了其启动子活性。J405基因组大小为440 Mb，编码49,923个蛋白质编码基因，其中转座元件占基因组的57.65%。10条组装的染色体含有丰富的次生代谢物生物合成簇和r基因簇，其中许多表现出病原体应答性表达。每条染色体也包含大量的SSR位点，以A/T和AT/TA基序为主。在J405中观察到与氧化还原酶、转移酶和基础代谢相关的基因家族的扩展。功能分析表明，BraBIK1过表达增强了对芸苔菌的抗性，而沉默则降低了抗性。BraBIK1激活与PTI和ETI免疫反应相关的基因，以及多种激素信号通路。亚细胞定位证实BraBIK1位于质膜。GUS报告基因在拟南芥中广泛表达，并受多种植物激素诱导。综上所述，次生代谢物基因和R基因的表达，以及BraBIK1的功能贡献和相关家族的扩展，可能是J405异常抗病的基础。本研究建立了大白菜J405染色体水平的基因组组装，开发了127,343个全基因组SSR标记，并对BraBIK1进行了功能验证。这些结果为蔬菜作物抗逆性和品质的遗传改良提供了宝贵的资源。

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引用次数: 0

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and hydrogen sulphide synergize to alleviate salinity stress in tomato seedlings 二氧化钛纳米颗粒和硫化氢协同缓解番茄幼苗的盐度胁迫

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101110

Garima Balyan , Nidhi Kandhol , Ashish Kumar Singh , Pankaj Kumar Rai , Monika Thakur , Shivesh Sharma , Vijay Pratap Singh , Durgesh Kumar Tripathi , Akhilesh Kumar Pandey

Salinity stress significantly constrains agricultural output by interfering with essential physiological and biochemical mechanisms disrupting photosynthesis, nutrient assimilation, and redox homeostasis. Here, we show that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs) synergize with endogenous hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) signaling to enhance salinity tolerance in tomato (Lycopersicum esculantumL.) seedlings. Under NaCl stress, TiO₂-NPs attenuated oxidative damage by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and lipid peroxidation by upregulating both enzymatic (APX, GR, MDHAR, DHAR) and non-enzymatic (ascorbate and glutathione) antioxidant defences, sustaining the AsA-GSH cycle and improving photosynthetic attributes. Inhibition of H₂S biosynthesis by DL-propargylglycine (PAG) stifled these protective effects, whereas supplementation with sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) partially restored them, confirming the central role of H₂S in TiO₂-NPs-mediated tolerance. TiO₂–H₂S co-treatment improved uptake of Mg, Ca, Zn, and Fe and maintained nitric oxide balance under salt stress. The interaction between nanoparticles and gasotransmitters enhances redox regulation, photosynthetic efficiency, and nutrient assimilation, thereby contributing to increased salt tolerance. These findings provide mechanistic details and a practical framework for using nano-based, signaling-guided strategies in managing salinity stress in crops. This study suggests that combining nanotechnology with gasotransmitter signaling could offer effective, sustainable ways to boost crop tolerance to salinity stress.

盐胁迫通过干扰重要的生理生化机制，破坏光合作用、养分同化和氧化还原稳态，显著限制农业产量。在这里，我们发现二氧化钛纳米颗粒（TiO₂-NPs）与内源性硫化氢（H₂S）信号协同作用，增强番茄（Lycopersicum esculantumL.）幼苗的耐盐性。在NaCl胁迫下，TiO 2 -NPs通过上调酶促（APX、GR、MDHAR、DHAR）和非酶促（抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽）抗氧化防御，维持AsA-GSH循环，改善光合特性，减少活性氧（ROS）积累和脂质过氧化，从而减轻氧化损伤。dl -丙基甘氨酸（PAG）抑制H₂S的生物合成抑制了这些保护作用，而补充氢硫化钠（NaHS）则部分恢复了这些保护作用，证实了H₂S在TiO₂- nps介导的耐受性中的核心作用。tio_2 -H₂S共处理提高了盐胁迫下对Mg、Ca、Zn和Fe的吸收，维持了氮氧化物平衡。纳米粒子和气体递质之间的相互作用增强了氧化还原调节、光合效率和养分同化，从而有助于提高耐盐性。这些发现为利用基于纳米的、信号引导的策略来管理作物的盐度胁迫提供了机制细节和实用框架。这项研究表明，将纳米技术与气体传递信号相结合可以提供有效的、可持续的方法来提高作物对盐胁迫的耐受性。

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引用次数: 0

Roles of transcription factors in mediating abiotic stress responses in cereals 转录因子在介导谷物非生物胁迫应答中的作用

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101160

Shikha Bharti , Joshwa Gandy , Ishita Bajaj Hengge , Javier Ramos , Bradley Christoffersen , Michael Persans , Manohar Chakrabarti

Cereals are staple crops for the majority of the global population, making their sustained productivity essential for food security. However, abiotic stresses significantly threaten their growth and overall yield by disrupting essential physiological, cellular, and biochemical processes. Enhancing stress resilience in cereals is therefore a critical objective for agricultural improvement under changing climatic conditions. A fundamental step toward this goal involves understanding the roles of transcription factors (TFs), which are primary regulators of changes in gene expression in response to stresses. TFs regulate complex signaling networks that enable plants to adjust their biochemical and physiological functions under abiotic stress conditions. These include enhancing antioxidant defense systems by modulating the biosynthesis of ROS-scavenging enzymes, induction of osmoprotectants, maintenance of ion homeostasis, maintenance of cellular integrity through membrane stabilization, modulating stomatal function, photosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and others. TFs are also an indispensable part of phytohormone-mediated abiotic stress response pathways. Some of the major TF families involved in abiotic stress response pathways include bZIP, MYB, WRKY, NAC, DREB/CBF, AP2/ERF, and Heat Shock Factor (HSF). This review covers the current understanding of major TFs implicated in regulating plants’ responses to key abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, heat, cold, hypoxia, and combined stress, with a specific focus on major cereal crops. By merging insights into TF-mediated regulatory mechanisms across different abiotic stress contexts, this review offers a conceptual framework to inform future research aimed at enhancing resilience to abiotic stress in cereal crops.

谷物是全球大多数人口的主要作物，其持续的生产力对粮食安全至关重要。然而，非生物胁迫通过破坏基本的生理、细胞和生化过程，严重威胁其生长和总体产量。因此，在不断变化的气候条件下，提高谷物的抗逆性是农业改良的一个关键目标。实现这一目标的一个基本步骤是了解转录因子（TFs）的作用，转录因子是应激反应中基因表达变化的主要调节因子。TFs调节复杂的信号网络，使植物能够在非生物胁迫条件下调节其生化和生理功能。这些包括通过调节活性氧清除酶的生物合成来增强抗氧化防御系统，诱导渗透保护剂，维持离子稳态，通过膜稳定维持细胞完整性，调节气孔功能，光合作用，次生代谢物的生物合成等。TFs也是植物激素介导的非生物胁迫反应途径中不可缺少的一部分。参与非生物应激反应途径的主要TF家族包括bZIP、MYB、WRKY、NAC、DREB/CBF、AP2/ERF和热休克因子（HSF）。这篇综述涵盖了目前对涉及调节植物对主要非生物胁迫（包括干旱、盐度、热、冷、缺氧和综合胁迫）的反应的主要转运因子的理解，并特别关注主要谷类作物。通过整合对不同非生物胁迫背景下tf介导的调节机制的见解，本综述提供了一个概念框架，为未来旨在提高谷物作物对非生物胁迫的恢复力的研究提供信息。

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引用次数: 0