Soil salinization threatens global food security by compromising approximately 33% of irrigated agricultural fields, with projections indicating a 50% increase in affected areas by 2050. Recent advances at the intersection of nanotechnology, microbiome engineering, and multi-omics approaches have revealed unprecedented opportunities to enhance plant salt stress tolerance through targeted modulation of the root-associated microbiome. In this review, we comprehensively discuss emerging evidence demonstrating that nano-enabled agrochemicals can selectively enrich beneficial microbial consortia in the rhizosphere, enabling salt stress tolerance through multiple complementary mechanisms. Smart nanomaterials, including biodegradable chitosan-based nanocarriers and metallic nanoparticles with controlled dissolution kinetics, have been shown to precisely deliver bioactive compounds that produce microbiome assembly, promoting colonization by key salt-tolerant taxa such as Halomonas, Azospirillum, and specialized fungal endophytes. Integration of spatially-resolved metatranscriptomics with metabolome profiling has elucidated previously unrecognized signaling networks that mediate salt stress responses, revealing synchronized metabolic adaptations between host plants and their microbiota. Moreover, the nanoparticles-induced epigenetic modification in microorganisms and plants underpinning the stress memory and transgenerational adaptation to salinity is very noteworthy. These findings have catalyzed development of next-generation nanobioformulations with programmable microbiome-modulating properties, which have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in enhancing crop yields under saline conditions. we also propose an integrated research framework combining advanced high throughput phenotypingand synthetic biology approaches to accelerate development of futuristic "salt-smart" crops with custom-designed microbiomes for sustainable agriculture in a changing climate.
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