Plant Stress最新文献_第7页

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Chinese cabbage J405 reveals underlying high resistance to Alternaria brassicicola-induced black spot disease 大白菜J405的染色体水平基因组组装揭示了对甘蓝黑斑病的高抗性

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101154

Wenyuan Yan , Hong Zhang , Weiqiang Fan , Xiaohui Liu , Zhiyin Huang , Yong Wang , Chaonan Wang , Bin Zhang

Through germplasm screening, we previously identified Chinese cabbage line J405, which displays strong resistance to black spot disease caused by Alternaria brassicicola. To elucidate the molecular basis of this resistance, we generated a chromosome-level genome assembly of J405 and compared it with other Brassica species. We further characterized BraBIK1, a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase family gene, and analyzed its promoter activity. The J405 genome is 440 Mb in size and encodes 49,923 protein-coding genes, with transposable elements comprising 57.65% of the genome. The 10 assembled chromosomes harbor abundant secondary metabolite biosynthetic clusters and R-gene clusters, many of which exhibit pathogen-responsive expression. Each chromosome also contains numerous SSR loci, with A/T and AT/TA motifs predominating. Expansion of gene families related to oxidoreductases, transferases, and basal metabolism was observed in J405. Functional assays demonstrated that BraBIK1 overexpression enhances resistance to A. brassicicola, whereas silencing reduces resistance. BraBIK1 activates genes associated with both PTI and ETI immune responses, as well as multiple hormone signaling pathways. Subcellular localization confirmed BraBIK1 at the plasma membrane. GUS reporter assays showed broad expression throughout Arabidopsis thaliana and induction by various phytohormones. Taken together, the expression of secondary metabolite genes and R genes, along with the functional contribution of BraBIK1 and expansion of related families, likely underpins the exceptional disease resistance of J405. In this study, we established a chromosome-level genome assembly of Chinese cabbage J405, developed 127,343 genome-wide SSR markers, and functionally validated BraBIK1. These results provide valuable resources for genetic improvement of vegetable crop resilience and quality.

通过种质筛选，我们已鉴定出对甘蓝黑斑病具有较强抗性的大白菜品系J405。为了阐明这种抗性的分子基础，我们对J405进行了染色体水平的基因组组装，并将其与其他芸苔属植物进行了比较。我们进一步表征了BraBIK1，一个受体样细胞质激酶家族基因，并分析了其启动子活性。J405基因组大小为440 Mb，编码49,923个蛋白质编码基因，其中转座元件占基因组的57.65%。10条组装的染色体含有丰富的次生代谢物生物合成簇和r基因簇，其中许多表现出病原体应答性表达。每条染色体也包含大量的SSR位点，以A/T和AT/TA基序为主。在J405中观察到与氧化还原酶、转移酶和基础代谢相关的基因家族的扩展。功能分析表明，BraBIK1过表达增强了对芸苔菌的抗性，而沉默则降低了抗性。BraBIK1激活与PTI和ETI免疫反应相关的基因，以及多种激素信号通路。亚细胞定位证实BraBIK1位于质膜。GUS报告基因在拟南芥中广泛表达，并受多种植物激素诱导。综上所述，次生代谢物基因和R基因的表达，以及BraBIK1的功能贡献和相关家族的扩展，可能是J405异常抗病的基础。本研究建立了大白菜J405染色体水平的基因组组装，开发了127,343个全基因组SSR标记，并对BraBIK1进行了功能验证。这些结果为蔬菜作物抗逆性和品质的遗传改良提供了宝贵的资源。

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引用次数: 0

Plant drought stress: physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms 植物干旱胁迫：生理、生化和分子机制

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101153

Fangyuan Song , Qi Yang , Jin Huang , Zhiyue Guo , Yong Li , Wen Deng

Drought is a severe constraint that affects growth and limits plant productivity on a global scale and its impact is increasing with climate change. To adapt to moisture gradients in soil, plants alter their growth and physiology. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of drought stress on plants at the morphological, physiological and biochemical levels, and an understanding of the drought resistance mechanism of plants, especially forest trees, are expected to provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for the genetic improvement of forest trees. Here, we have reviewed the effects of drought stress on the morphological, physiological and molecular mechanisms of drought stress on plants and the research progress in plant drought resistance. It provides a reference for research directions such as understanding the mechanism of plant drought resistance, genetic improvement of drought resistance, and directional cultivation of drought-resistant varieties.

在全球范围内，干旱是影响植物生长和限制植物生产力的严重制约因素，其影响随着气候变化而加剧。为了适应土壤中的水分梯度，植物会改变它们的生长和生理机能。从形态学、生理生化等层面全面认识干旱胁迫对植物的影响，了解植物尤其是林木的抗旱机理，有望为林木的遗传改良提供理论依据和技术参考。本文综述了干旱胁迫对植物形态、生理和分子机制的影响，以及植物抗旱性的研究进展。为了解植物抗旱机理、抗旱遗传改良、抗旱品种定向培育等研究方向提供参考。

引用次数: 0

Mitigating climate change impacts on food security via climate-smart agriculture 通过气候智能型农业减轻气候变化对粮食安全的影响

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101152

Temesgen Begna , Rusha Begna Wakweya

Climate change poses a significant and escalating threat to global food security by exacerbating temperature extremes, altering rainfall patterns, and increasing the frequency of droughts, floods, and pest outbreaks. These stressors collectively reduce crop productivity, degrade soil fertility, and undermine agricultural sustainability, particularly in vulnerable regions dependent on rain-fed systems. This paper explores how climate-smart agriculture (CSA) offers a transformative pathway to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change while enhancing food production resilience. CSA integrates three interlinked pillars: productivity enhancement, adaptation, and mitigation through the adoption of stress-tolerant crop varieties, precision nutrient and water management, conservation agriculture, and agroforestry systems. Emphasis is placed on the synergistic role of improved crop breeding under combined drought and heat stress, alongside digital and biotechnological innovations that enable real-time climate risk assessment and adaptive management. Case studies from Africa and Asia demonstrate that implementing CSA practices can improve yields by 15–30 %, enhance soil carbon sequestration, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 25 %. However, large-scale adoption remains constrained by inadequate policy support, limited access to technology, and insufficient awareness among farmers. Strengthening institutional frameworks, investing in climate-resilient research, and promoting inclusive capacity building are therefore crucial for scaling CSA innovations. This review study underscores that mainstreaming CSA into national agricultural development agendas represents a practical and sustainable strategy for safeguarding food security under a changing climate.

气候变化加剧了极端温度，改变了降雨模式，增加了干旱、洪水和虫害爆发的频率，对全球粮食安全构成了重大且不断升级的威胁。这些压力因素共同降低了作物生产力，降低了土壤肥力，破坏了农业的可持续性，特别是在依赖雨养系统的脆弱地区。本文探讨了气候智慧型农业（CSA）如何为减轻气候变化的不利影响，同时增强粮食生产抵御力提供了一条变革性途径。CSA整合了三个相互关联的支柱：通过采用抗逆性作物品种、精确的营养和水管理、保护性农业和农林业系统来提高生产力、适应和缓解。重点放在干旱和高温联合胁迫下改良作物育种的协同作用，以及实现实时气候风险评估和适应性管理的数字和生物技术创新。来自非洲和亚洲的案例研究表明，实施CSA做法可以使产量提高15 - 30%，增强土壤固碳，并减少高达25%的温室气体排放。然而，由于政策支持不足、获得技术的机会有限以及农民意识不足，大规模采用仍然受到限制。因此，加强体制框架、投资气候适应型研究和促进包容性能力建设对于扩大CSA创新至关重要。这项综述研究强调，将CSA纳入国家农业发展议程是在气候变化下保障粮食安全的一项切实可行的可持续战略。

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引用次数: 0

Biostimulant action of humic substances on tomato physiology and metabolism under water and nitrogen stresses 水分和氮胁迫下腐殖质对番茄生理代谢的生物刺激作用

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101150

Kuan Qin, Xuejun Dong, Vijay Joshi, Chungkeun Lee, Joshua T. Harvey, Daniel I. Leskovar

Humic substances (HS) have been widely tested as plant biostimulants for their bioactive effects on plant growth. However, despite the commonly used liquid HS products as foliar spray or solution injection, solid HS products used as media amendments to mitigate abiotic stress are less reported. This study investigated the mode of action of lignite-derived solid HS when mixed with peat substrate on mitigating tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-Tom) responses under water (80 % and 40 % water holding capacity) and nitrogen (N, 100 % and 40 % recommended N input) stress across vegetative-, reproductive-, and whole-stage periods. HS-treated plants demonstrated significantly greater shoot and root development before, during, and after vegetative-, reproductive-, and whole-stage stress, resulting in higher biomass, fruit number, and fruit yield with ranges from 17 % to 33 %. Water stress reduced leaf water content, gas exchange activities, and water potential, while the application of HS mitigated these adverse effects. N stress inhibited root elongation during stress periods, decreased plant nitrogen level, reduced plant biomass and yield at the end of the study, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), membrane damage (MDA), and abscisic acid (ABA) levels during stress, especially when combined with water stress. HS reduced cell damage and oxidative stress markers (ROS, MDA) while also decreasing enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD, CAT) and increasing non-enzymatic antioxidants (proline, carotenoids) and related signals (ABA) under both water and N stress conditions. HS application played important role at the late stage of plant N assimilation, producing higher amino acids, protein, and total N accumulation. Overall, lignite-derived HS effectively enhanced plant stress defense, photosynthesis, and nutrient use, demonstrating strong potential as a soil or media amendment to improve vegetable production under water and nitrogen stress.

腐殖质物质因其对植物生长的生物活性作用而被广泛用作植物生物刺激素。然而，尽管通常使用液体HS产品作为叶面喷雾或溶液注射，但固体HS产品用作介质修正以减轻非生物胁迫的报道较少。研究了褐煤衍生固体HS与泥炭基质混合对番茄（Solanum lycopersicum L. cv）的抑制作用模式。在水分（80%和40%持水量）和氮（N， 100%和40%推荐N输入）胁迫下，Micro-Tom在营养、生殖和全生育期的响应。在营养胁迫、生殖胁迫和全期胁迫之前、期间和之后，经hs处理的植株的茎和根发育显著加快，生物量、果实数量和产量均提高了17% ~ 33%。水分胁迫降低了叶片含水量、气体交换活性和水势，而HS的施用减轻了这些不利影响。氮胁迫抑制了胁迫期根系伸长，降低了植株氮素水平，降低了研究结束时植株生物量和产量，并增加了胁迫期间活性氧（ROS）、膜损伤（MDA）和脱落酸（ABA）水平，尤其是在与水分胁迫联合处理时。在水分和氮胁迫条件下，HS降低了细胞损伤和氧化应激标志物（ROS、MDA），降低了酶促抗氧化活性（SOD、CAT），增加了非酶促抗氧化活性（脯氨酸、类胡萝卜素）和相关信号（ABA）。HS在植物氮素同化后期发挥重要作用，产生较高的氨基酸、蛋白质和总氮积累。总的来说，褐煤衍生的HS有效地增强了植物的逆境防御、光合作用和养分利用，显示出在水氮胁迫下作为土壤或介质改良剂提高蔬菜产量的强大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable enhancement of drought tolerance and oil traits in quinoa using mycorrhizal and seaweed biostimulants 菌根和海藻生物刺激素对藜麦耐旱性和耐油特性的持续增强

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101151

Samaneh Memarzadeh Mashhouri , Mohammad Haghaninia

Chenopodium quinoa Willd, known for its high tolerance to environmental stresses and significant nutritional value, is considered a strategic crop in arid regions. In light of climate change and increasing drought stress, this study evaluated the effects of three irrigation regimes—full irrigation, drought stress imposed at flowering, and drought stress imposed at grain filling—along with four biotic treatments; control, inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), foliar application of seaweed extract, and the combined application of both, on physiological traits, biochemical indices, yield, and oil quality of quinoa. The experiments were carried out at a research farm located in Ilam, Iran, from 2022 to 2024. Results showed that drought stress, particularly at flowering, significantly decreased chlorophyll a by 28.1 % and chlorophyll b by 26.7 %, nitrogen uptake by 32.8 %, phosphorus uptake by 36.4 %, potassium uptake by 43.7 %, and grain oil yield by 50.1 %, while electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation increased by 178.6 % and 89.9 %, respectively. Conversely, the combined AMF and seaweed extract treatment mitigated these adverse effects more effectively than individual applications. This treatment enhanced the activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase by 185.6 %, 212.9 %, and 592.4 %, respectively, reduced MDA and EL by 80.5 % and 60.9 %, and improved nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake by 128.1 %, 142.6 %, and 181.8 %, respectively. It also increased phenolic and flavonoid contents by 37.6 and 44.2 %, ultimately enhancing thousand-grain weight by 79.1 % and grain yield by 155.3 %. Moreover, this combined treatment increased oil content by 52.7 % and oil yield by 288.3 %, elevated linolenic and linoleic acid concentrations by 109.7 and 38.1 %, and decreased palmitic and stearic acids levels by 41.3, 45.8 %, thereby improving both the quantity and quality of quinoa oil. Therefore, the simultaneous use of AMF inoculation and seaweed extract represents an effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly strategy to enhance quinoa’s drought tolerance. This approach holds great potential for improving sustainable production and food security, especially under climate change and water scarcity conditions.

藜麦以其对环境胁迫的高耐受性和显著的营养价值而闻名，被认为是干旱地区的战略作物。在气候变化和干旱胁迫加剧的背景下，本研究评估了充分灌溉、花期干旱胁迫和灌浆期干旱胁迫3种灌溉方式以及4种生物处理的效果；对照、接种丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）、叶面施用海藻提取物及两者联合施用对藜麦生理性状、生化指标、产量和油质的影响。这些实验于2022年至2024年在伊朗伊拉姆的一个研究农场进行。结果表明，干旱胁迫，特别是在开花期，显著降低了叶绿素a和叶绿素b的28.1%和26.7%，降低了氮素吸收量32.8%、磷吸收量36.4%、钾吸收量43.7%和籽油产量50.1%，而电解质泄漏（EL）和丙二醛（MDA）积累量分别增加了178.6%和89.9%。相反，联合AMF和海藻提取物处理比单独应用更有效地减轻了这些不利影响。过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性分别提高了185.6%、212.9%和592.4%，MDA和EL分别降低了80.5%和60.9%，氮、磷和钾的吸收分别提高了128.1%、142.6%和181.8%。酚类和类黄酮含量分别提高37.6%和44.2%，千粒重提高79.1%，产量提高155.3%。此外，该组合处理使藜麦油的含油量提高了52.7%，出油率提高了288.3%，亚麻酸和亚油酸浓度分别提高了109.7和38.1%，棕榈酸和硬脂酸浓度分别降低了41.3%和45.8%，从而提高了藜麦油的数量和质量。因此，同时使用AMF接种和海藻提取物是提高藜麦耐旱性的有效、可持续和环保的策略。这种方法在改善可持续生产和粮食安全方面具有巨大潜力，特别是在气候变化和缺水条件下。

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引用次数: 0

Whole-Genome profiling of WRKY transcription factors and functional investigation of SsWRKY75 in Schima superba 木荷WRKY转录因子全基因组分析及SsWRKY75功能研究

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101146

Jun Yao , Changya Chen , Qian Liu , Shuge Wei , Qian Zhang , Peiwu Xie , Gang Zhu , Boxiang He , Chen Hou , Hongpen Chen , Yanling Cai

Schima superba occupies a dominant position in the native subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests of South China. It serves as an important raw material for wood products. However, seasonal droughts resulting from environmental changes in recent decades have significantly constrained tree growth in South China. WRKY is one of the most important transcription factors in plants, present analysis characterized 82 WRKY genes within the S. superba, among which SsWRKY75 was selected for subsequent investigation. Subcellular localization investigation confirmed that SsWRKY75 is predominantly found in the nucleus. Experimental findings indicated that SsWRKY75 overexpression markedly improved drought resilience in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, thereby confirming its contribution to augmented drought tolerance in S. superba. Furthermore, under water-limiting conditions, the transcriptional levels of stress-inducible genes, including AtSOD, AtCAT1, AtPOD1, was markedly upregulated in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, combined with yeast one-hybrid as well as virus-induced gene silencing analyses, demonstrated a direct regulatory relationship between SsWRKY75 and SsPER17, a key functional gene for drought tolerance found in previous studies. These findings suggest that SsWRKY75 enhances the reactive oxygen species elimination efficiency in plants experiencing drought stress via targeting the cis-regulatory element at the promoter site of the peroxidase-encoding gene SsPER17, thereby promoting root growth and development. These findings advances of our understanding of how WRKY genes mediate plant adaptation to drought conditions.

木荷在华南亚热带常绿阔叶林中占有优势地位。它是木制品的重要原料。然而，近几十年来环境变化导致的季节性干旱严重制约了中国南方树木的生长。WRKY是植物中最重要的转录因子之一，本研究分析了S. superba中82个WRKY基因，其中选择了SsWRKY75基因进行后续研究。亚细胞定位研究证实SsWRKY75主要存在于细胞核中。实验结果表明，SsWRKY75过表达显著提高了转基因拟南芥的抗旱性，从而证实了其对S. superba抗旱性增强的贡献。此外，在限水条件下，胁迫诱导基因AtSOD、AtCAT1、AtPOD1的转录水平在转基因拟南芥中显著上调。此外，电泳迁移率转移实验结合酵母单杂交和病毒诱导的基因沉默分析，证实了SsWRKY75和SsPER17之间的直接调控关系，SsPER17是先前研究中发现的耐旱关键功能基因。这些发现表明，SsWRKY75通过靶向过氧化物酶编码基因SsPER17启动子位点的顺式调控元件，提高干旱胁迫下植物活性氧清除效率，从而促进根系生长发育。这些发现促进了我们对WRKY基因如何介导植物适应干旱条件的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering selenium tolerance in a halotolerant microalga Dunaliella salina 耐盐微藻杜氏盐藻对硒的耐受性

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101147

Sakshi Singh , Prabhakar Singh , Avinash Singh , Savita Singh , Nitesh Prasad , Ravi K. Asthana

Microorganisms, including microalgae, are sensitive at low doses of selenium (Se). The halotolerant microalga Dunaliella salina, cultivated under high salinity conditions, efficiently accumulated Se at 50 mg L⁻¹ without adversely affecting its growth. Therefore, it was aimed at investigating photoautotrophic growth behaviour, macromolecular content in terms of carbohydrate content and compatible solute glycerol, and secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and phenol in managing the reactive oxygen species (ROS). The elevated levels of antioxidative enzymes ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase showed reduced H₂0₂ levels at 50 mg L⁻¹ Se to that of the control. Gene expression analyses showed heightened expression of genes related to catalase peroxidase, glutaredoxin-dependent peroxiredoxin, thioredoxin reductase and S-adenosylhomocysteine, while genes for autophagy, selenocysteine synthase, membrane ABC transporter and methanethiol oxidase were downregulated. The metabolome profiling of Se exposed target organism revealed significant upregulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, TCA cycle, sterol, carotenoid and N-metabolism. Status of the oxidative stress of the cell significantly decreased the metabolites related with the cellular energy, indicating carbon rewiring towards maintaining antioxidative defence of the cells in the presence of Se. Mitochondria based regulation played a vital role in maintaining redox balance, with elevated NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity offering enhanced protection and catering to its energy demand, as reflected by the accumulation of the TCA cycle intermediate cis-aconitic acid under 50 mg L⁻¹ Se. Therefore, the present study highlights the potential of D. salina in tolerating Se under elevated salinity condition, underscoring its promising application in both environmental bioremediation and nutritional biofortification.

微生物，包括微藻，在低剂量硒（Se）下是敏感的。耐盐微藻Dunaliella salina在高盐度条件下培养，有效地积累了50 mg L - 1的硒，而不会对其生长产生不利影响。因此，该研究旨在研究光自养生长行为、碳水化合物含量和相容溶质甘油等大分子含量，以及类黄酮和酚等次生代谢物在活性氧（ROS）管理中的作用。抗氧化酶抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平升高表明，在50 mg L−1 Se下，H202水平低于对照组。基因表达分析显示，过氧化氢酶过氧化物酶、戊二氧还蛋白依赖性过氧化物还蛋白、硫氧还蛋白还原酶和s -腺苷型同型半胱氨酸相关基因表达升高，而自噬、硒代半胱氨酸合成酶、膜ABC转运蛋白和甲硫醇氧化酶相关基因表达下调。硒暴露的靶生物代谢组分析显示，苯丙类生物合成、TCA循环、固醇、类胡萝卜素和n代谢显著上调。细胞的氧化应激状态显著降低了与细胞能量相关的代谢物，表明碳重新布线以维持细胞在硒存在下的抗氧化防御。线粒体调控在维持氧化还原平衡中起着至关重要的作用，NADH泛醌氧化还原酶活性的升高提供了增强的保护，并满足了其能量需求，这反映在50 mg L−1 Se下TCA循环中间体顺式乌头酸的积累上。因此，本研究强调了盐藻在高盐度条件下耐硒的潜力，强调了其在环境生物修复和营养生物强化方面的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Phyllosphere microbial transplantation mitigates heat-induced leaf chlorosis in Ginkgo biloba seedlings 叶根球微生物移植减轻银杏幼苗热致黄化

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101148

Qiutong Xu , Jianghong Yi , Yadong Wu , Liangjun Zhao , Qingxia Xue , Xiangfeng Tan , Rui Shi

Phyllosphere microbiota can enhance plant stress tolerance, but their capacity to alleviate heat-induced chlorosis in Ginkgo biloba seedlings, a woody perennial highly susceptible to heat stress, has not been systematically investigated. Here, we investigated the dynamics of the G. biloba phyllosphere microbiome during seedling development, its response to acute heat stress, and the efficacy of microbiota transplantation in alleviating heat-induced chlorosis. Under controlled environmental conditions, the growth of two-year-old G. biloba seedlings resulted in the maturation of phyllosphere microbiome, indicating by the gradually increased microbial alpha diversity and the increased abundance of potentially beneficial microbes, including Bacillus and Spirosoma species. However, 40/30 °C (day/night) heat regime for two weeks led to drastic compositional shifts, including reduced abundance of Bacillus and Spirosoma, and enrichment of Microbacterium and Chryseobacterium. Heat stress resulted in the chlorosis of leaves, in parallel with reduced leaf soluble sugar content and induced changes of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase levels. To test functional rescue, we transplanted leaf microbiota from healthy leaves onto heat-stressed seedlings at two dilution levels. Two-fold dilution inoculation restored Bacillus abundance, reduced catalase and peroxidase activities, and enhanced superoxide dismutase levels, collectively attenuating chlorosis symptoms. Our results demonstrate that native phyllosphere microbiota can re-establish protective microbial assemblages and modulate host oxidative stress responses under extreme heat. This study provides the evidence that targeted microbiome transplantation mitigates heat-induced chlorosis in G. biloba, offering a promising strategy for microbiome-based enhancement of thermotolerance in woody plants.

叶根圈微生物群可以增强植物的抗逆性，但对银杏这种对热胁迫敏感的多年生木本植物的热致萎黄的缓解能力尚未有系统的研究。本研究研究了双叶根球微生物群在幼苗发育过程中的动态变化、对急性热胁迫的响应以及微生物群移植缓解热致黄化的效果。在可控的环境条件下，2年生的双叶蘑菇幼苗的生长导致叶根圈微生物组的成熟，表明微生物α多样性逐渐增加，潜在有益微生物的丰度增加，包括芽孢杆菌和螺旋体。然而，40/30°C（昼/夜）加热两周导致了剧烈的成分变化，包括芽孢杆菌和螺旋体的丰度降低，微细菌和黄杆菌的富集。热胁迫导致叶片黄化，同时叶片可溶性糖含量降低，过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶水平发生变化。为了测试功能恢复，我们将健康叶片的微生物群移植到两种稀释水平的热胁迫幼苗上。两倍稀释接种恢复芽孢杆菌丰度，降低过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性，增强超氧化物歧化酶水平，共同减轻黄化症状。我们的研究结果表明，原生层球微生物群可以重建保护性微生物组合并调节宿主在极端高温下的氧化应激反应。本研究提供了靶向微生物组移植可减轻G. biloba热致黄化的证据，为基于微生物组增强木本植物的耐热性提供了一种有希望的策略。

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引用次数: 0

A review of the advances and perspectives in sequencing technologies for analysing plant epigenetic responses to abiotic stress 植物对非生物胁迫的表观遗传响应的测序技术研究进展及展望

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101144

Siqing Fan, Hua Yang, Yufang Hu, Ling Zhang, Mingkun Huang

Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, heat, and cold constrain plant growth and productivity by influence plant internal regulatory networks. Transcriptional/epigenetic regulation, which encompasses mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin accessibility, non-coding RNAs, and RNA modifications, orchestrates rapid transcriptional reprogramming and stress memory and provides key adaptive capacity for plants to resist stress. Recent sequencing breakthrough system-level mapping of these layers, including ATAC-seq (accessibility), CUT&Tag/ChIP-seq (histone marks), Hi-C (3D genome), WGBS (methylomes), lncRNA/small-RNA profiling (regulatory RNAs), and Nanopore direct RNA sequencing (RNA modification). This review summarizes the application of these methods to capture the landscape of dynamic DNA methylation, chromatin conformation changes, non-coding RNA regulation, and RNA modification under abiotic stress conditions, and addresses current technical challenges in multi-omics research and explores future perspectives.

非生物胁迫，如干旱、盐、热和冷，通过影响植物内部调节网络来限制植物的生长和生产力。转录/表观遗传调控，包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质可及性、非编码RNA和RNA修饰等机制，协调快速转录重编程和胁迫记忆，为植物抵抗胁迫提供关键的适应能力。最近的测序突破了这些层的系统级制图，包括ATAC-seq（可及性）、CUT&Tag/ChIP-seq（组蛋白标记）、Hi-C （3D基因组）、WGBS（甲基组）、lncRNA/小RNA分析（调控RNA）和纳米孔直接RNA测序（RNA修饰）。本文综述了这些方法在非生物胁迫条件下动态DNA甲基化、染色质构象变化、非编码RNA调控和RNA修饰等方面的应用，提出了当前多组学研究中的技术挑战，并展望了未来的发展前景。

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Overexpression of sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase boosts nitrogen and carbon assimilation and overcomes nutrient deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana 拟南芥高表达sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase促进氮碳同化，克服营养缺乏

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101143

Naveen C. Joshi , Laurent Dufossé , Baishnab C. Tripathy

Nitrogen (N) deficiency in soil results in the reduction of plant productivity and emission of greenhouse nitrogenous gases from the applied nitrogenous fertilizers and formation of sodic soil. To overcome soil N-deficiency the rate of N-assimilation was augmented by overexpression of AtSirB coding for sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase, responsible for Fe insertion to the tetrapyrrole moiety of sirohydrochlorin in Arabidopsis thaliana under the control of 35S promoter for increased synthesis of siroheme. The siroheme is a cofactor for the plastidic enzymes nitrite reductase (NiR) and sulfite reductase (SiR), which reduce nitrite (NO₂^-) and sulfite (SO₃^2-) to ammonium (NH₄⁺) and sulfide (S^2-) respectively. Increased gene and protein expression of AtSirB resulted in heightened NiR and SiR gene expression and protein abundance, boosting NiR and nitrate reductases (NR) activities that resulted in increased protein and chlorophyll (Chl) content in Arabidopsis thaliana. Conversely, antisense plants showed decreased protein levels due to reduced NR and NiR activities. AtSirB overexpressors due to their higher protein and Chl contents had increased photosynthesis, and biomass. Under N and sulfur (S) limitations, these overexpressors outperformed wild type (WT) and antisense plants. These results demonstrate the crucial role of AtSirB and siroheme in N and carbon (C) assimilation. Furthermore, they indicate the potential of SirB to enhance crop productivity, alleviate N and S deficiency across different cropping regimes.

土壤缺氮导致植物生产力下降，氮肥排放温室氮气体减少，盐碱化土壤形成。为了克服土壤氮缺乏，在35S启动子的控制下，拟南芥通过过表达编码sirohydrochlorin铁螯合酶的AtSirB来提高氮同化速率，该酶负责铁插入sirohydrochlorin的四吡啶部分，以增加siroheme的合成。siroheme是亚硝酸盐还原酶（NiR）和亚硫酸盐还原酶（SiR）的辅助因子，它们分别将亚硝酸盐（NO2-）和亚硫酸盐（SO32-）还原为铵（NH4+）和硫化物（S2-）。AtSirB基因和蛋白表达的增加导致拟南芥NiR和SiR基因表达和蛋白丰度升高，NiR和硝酸盐还原酶（NR）活性增加，导致蛋白质和叶绿素（Chl）含量增加。相反，反义植物由于NR和NiR活性降低，蛋白质水平下降。AtSirB过表达者由于其较高的蛋白质和Chl含量而增加了光合作用和生物量。在N和硫(S)限制下，这些过表达子的表现优于野生型和反义植物。这些结果证明了AtSirB和siroheme在氮和碳(C)同化中的关键作用。此外，它们表明SirB在不同种植制度下具有提高作物生产力、缓解氮和硫缺乏的潜力。

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引用次数: 0