Plant Stress最新文献_第7页

Ethylene promotes singlet oxygen-mediated disease development in Arabidopsis infected by fungus Alternaria alternata 乙烯促进单线态氧介导的拟南芥真菌侵染的疾病发展

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101207

Liru Mi , Yanjing Guo , Jiale Shi , He Wang , Min Chen , Dan Cheng , Hongyu Ma , Shiguo Chen

The pathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata induces chloroplast-derived singlet oxygen (¹O₂) production and activates EXECUTER (EX)1-dependent ¹O₂ signaling in Arabidopsis through tenuazonic acid (TeA), its key virulence factor leading to plant death. This ¹O₂ is known to trigger the biosynthesis and signaling of various defense hormones. TeA rapidly upregulates nuclear genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis and signaling, and EX1-mediated reverse signaling appears to be a critical link for establishing a signaling cascade from ¹O₂ to JA. Although JA and ethylene (ET) are known to synergistically regulate plant defense responses against necrotrophic pathogens, the precise role of ET in A. alternata-induced disease development in Arabidopsis remains unclear, and relatively little research has examined potential cross-talk between ET and ¹O₂ signaling. Our investigations revealed that A. alternata infection significantly enhances the expression of ET response genes (ETRGs) and that EX1EX2 inactivation leads to a significant reduction in ETRGs expression levels. Through the exogenous application of both an ET precursor (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) and ET inhibitor (silver thiosulfate), we corroborated that ET contributes to the expression of ¹O₂-responsive genes (SORGs) and the progression of disease. This suggests that ET signaling interacts with EX1-dependent ¹O₂ signaling thereby promoting ¹O₂-induced cell death. Concurrently, we observed that inactivation of EIN2 and ERF6 results in reduced levels of JA synthesis gene expression and JA production, and that the AOC3 mutation reduces the expression levels of A. alternata-induced ETRGs. The findings collectively demonstrate that ET promotes the expression of JA-responsive genes (JARGs) and JA production, which, in turn, exacerbates the sensitivity of Arabidopsis to A. alternata.

病原真菌alternnaria alternata诱导叶绿体产生单线态氧（1O2），并通过tenuazonic acid （TeA）激活EXECUTER (EX)1依赖的1O2信号，tenuazonic acid是导致植物死亡的关键毒力因子。已知这种1O2可以触发各种防御激素的生物合成和信号传导。TeA可快速上调茉莉酸（jasmonic acid， JA）合成和信号转导的核基因，而ex1介导的反向信号转导似乎是建立从1O2到JA的信号级联的关键环节。虽然已知JA和乙烯（ET）协同调节植物对坏死性病原体的防御反应，但ET在拟南芥诱导的疾病发展中的确切作用尚不清楚，相对较少的研究调查了ET和¹O2信号传导之间潜在的交叉对话。我们的研究表明，刺草感染显著增强了ET反应基因（ETRGs）的表达，而EX1EX2失活导致ETRGs表达水平显著降低。通过外源应用ET前体（1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸）和ET抑制剂（硫代硫酸银），我们证实ET有助于o2反应基因（SORGs）的表达和疾病的进展。这表明ET信号与ex1依赖性的1O2信号相互作用，从而促进o2诱导的细胞死亡。同时，我们观察到EIN2和ERF6的失活导致JA合成基因表达和JA产生水平的降低，AOC3突变降低了青霉诱导的etrg的表达水平。这些研究结果共同表明，ET促进JA反应基因（JARGs）的表达和JA的产生，进而加剧了拟南芥对南芥的敏感性。

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引用次数: 0

Artificial selection of suppressive or conducive rhizosphere microbiota circumvents the growth-defense trade-off due to a foliar pathogen 人工选择抑制或有益的根际微生物群可以避免由于叶面病原体而导致的生长-防御权衡

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101215

Tetiana Kalachova , Barbora Jindřichová , Manuel Blouin , Romana Pospíchalová , Lenka Burketová , Eric Ruelland , Ruben Puga-Freitas

Plant-pathogen interactions are influenced by physiological responses and rhizospheric microorganisms, which can create disease-suppressive or disease-conducive soils affecting pathogen dynamics. This study used artificial selection to shape soil microbiota conditioned by Arabidopsis thaliana to either suppress or promote the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 (Pst). Over successive iterations, plants were inoculated with Pst, and soils were selected based on plant symptoms: enhanced resistance (suppressive), increased susceptibility (conducive), or no selection (control). A non-inoculated group (non-conditioned) was also included. Disease symptoms, Pst proliferation, and rhizosphere microbiota were monitored each iteration. Selection for suppressive soils reduced disease severity and Pst levels, while conducive soils showed the opposite. Each soil type was enriched in distinct bacterial communities. A growth-defense trade-off was evident in control soils but less so in selected soils. Gene expression analysis revealed that plant hormone homeostasis, especially salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) played key roles with SA linked to local defense and JA to systemic responses. This work highlights artificial selection as a promising strategy to modulate soil microbiota, influencing plant-pathogen interactions and microbial dynamics.

植物与病原体的相互作用受到生理反应和根际微生物的影响，它们可以形成影响病原体动态的抗病或抗病土壤。本研究通过人工选择塑造拟南芥调节的土壤微生物群，抑制或促进叶面病原体丁香假单胞菌DC3000 （Pst）。在连续的迭代中，植物接种Pst，并根据植物症状选择土壤：增强抗性（抑制），增加敏感性（有利），或不选择（对照）。另设非接种组（非条件组）。每次迭代监测疾病症状、Pst增殖和根际微生物群。选择抑制土壤可降低病害严重程度和Pst水平，而选择有利土壤则相反。每种土壤类型都富含不同的细菌群落。在对照土壤中，生长与防御的权衡关系很明显，而在选择土壤中则不那么明显。基因表达分析表明，植物激素稳态，特别是水杨酸（SA）和茉莉酸（JA）在其中起关键作用，其中SA与局部防御有关，JA与全身反应有关。这项工作强调了人工选择作为一种有前途的策略来调节土壤微生物群，影响植物-病原体相互作用和微生物动力学。

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引用次数: 0

The consciousness of stress: Functional roles of ORFs and MicroRNAs in tomato defense against fungal pathogens 胁迫意识：orf和microrna在番茄抵御真菌病原体中的功能作用

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101194

Misbah Naz, Zhibing Rui, Haowen Ni, Muhammad Rahil Afzal, Zhuo Chen

Tomato plants constantly encounter fungal pathogens, which trigger intricate defense mechanisms at the molecular level. Among these, upstream open reading frames (uORFs) and main open reading frames (mORFs), together with microRNAs (miRNAs), play pivotal roles in orchestrating stress-responsive gene regulation. uORFs and mORFs encode or influence the synthesis of key proteins involved in pathogen recognition, signal transduction, and immune activation, whereas miRNAs act as post-transcriptional regulators that fine-tune the expression of these defense-related genes, including those governing signaling pathways and transcription factors. Recent studies have revealed coordinated crosstalk between uORFs, mORFs, and miRNAs that collectively shape tomato defense strategies against major fungal pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum. This review synthesizes current insights into how uORFs and miRNAs interact to modulate immune regulation, gene silencing, and adaptive stress responses in tomato. A deeper understanding of these molecular networks offers promising avenues for developing fungal-resistant tomato cultivars through targeted genetic and biotechnological interventions.

番茄植株经常遇到真菌病原体，这在分子水平上触发了复杂的防御机制。其中，上游开放阅读框（uorf）和主开放阅读框（morf）以及microRNAs （miRNAs）在调控应激反应性基因调控中起着关键作用。uorf和morf编码或影响与病原体识别、信号转导和免疫激活相关的关键蛋白的合成，而mirna作为转录后调节剂，微调这些防御相关基因的表达，包括那些控制信号通路和转录因子的基因。最近的研究表明，uorf、morf和mirna之间的协调串扰共同决定了番茄对主要真菌病原体（如灰霉菌和尖孢镰刀菌）的防御策略。本文综述了目前关于uorf和mirna如何相互作用来调节番茄的免疫调节、基因沉默和适应性应激反应的研究进展。对这些分子网络的深入了解为通过有针对性的遗传和生物技术干预开发抗真菌番茄品种提供了有希望的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated transcriptomic and physiological analyses elucidate the role of silicon nanoparticles in chromium detoxification in Brassica napus 综合转录组学和生理学分析阐明了硅纳米颗粒在甘蓝型油菜铬脱毒中的作用

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101192

Iram Batool , Yiwa Hu , Kangni Zhang , Fakhir Hannan , Yongqi Sun , Tongjun Qin , Muhammad Shahbaz Naeem , Muhammad Ahsan Farooq , Ahsan Ayyaz , Weijun Zhou

Chromium (Cr), a pervasive and toxic heavy metal contaminant of agricultural soils, poses a significant threat to crop productivity and food safety. Silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) represent a promising nano-enabled strategy for mitigating heavy metal toxicity in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Si-NPs confer Cr tolerance in major crops such as Brassica napus are not fully elucidated. This study investigated the physiological and transcriptomic responses of B. napus to Cr stress and the protective role of Si-NPs. We found that Si-NPs application significantly improved plant growth and biomass while reducing Cr translocation to shoots. Physiologically, Si-NPs alleviated Cr-induced oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant defense and reducing reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. RNA-seq analysis revealed that Cr stress profoundly dysregulated genes involved in metal transport, oxidative response, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Crucially, Si-NPs induced a protective transcriptional reprogramming, upregulating genes associated with metal chelation and sequestration (e.g., metallothioneins, ABC transporters), antioxidant enzymes, and the biosynthesis of lignin and flavonoids. These changes are consistent with enhanced metal detoxification and reinforced cell walls, effectively reducing Cr mobility and toxicity. Our findings decipher the key molecular pathways through which Si-NPs enhance Cr tolerance in B. napus, providing crucial insights for developing Si-NP-based strategies to cultivate crops in Cr-contaminated environments.

铬（Cr）是一种普遍存在于农业土壤中的有毒重金属污染物，对作物生产力和食品安全构成重大威胁。硅纳米颗粒（Si-NPs）是一种很有前途的减轻植物重金属毒性的纳米策略。然而，Si-NPs赋予甘蓝型油菜等主要作物耐铬性的分子机制尚未完全阐明。本研究探讨了甘蓝型油菜对Cr胁迫的生理和转录组反应以及Si-NPs的保护作用。研究发现，施用Si-NPs显著提高了植株的生长和生物量，同时减少了Cr向茎部的转运。生理上，Si-NPs通过增强抗氧化防御、减少活性氧和脂质过氧化来缓解cr诱导的氧化应激。RNA-seq分析显示，铬胁迫严重失调了参与金属运输、氧化反应和苯丙类生物合成的基因。关键是，Si-NPs诱导保护性转录重编程，上调与金属螯合和隔离相关的基因（如金属硫蛋白、ABC转运蛋白）、抗氧化酶以及木质素和类黄酮的生物合成。这些变化与金属解毒增强和细胞壁增强一致，有效地降低了铬的流动性和毒性。我们的研究结果揭示了Si-NPs增强甘蓝型油菜耐铬性的关键分子途径，为开发基于Si-NPs的Cr污染环境作物种植策略提供了重要见解。

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引用次数: 0

HvPHR1 as a key gene in maintaining phosphate homeostasis in barley HvPHR1是大麦中维持磷酸盐稳态的关键基因

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101220

Wenhao Yue , Xue Xia , Fangying Ge , Kangfeng Cai , Lei Liu , Yong Li , Chengdao Li , Junmei Wang

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for all living organisms. Although it is abundant in the Earth’s crust, inorganic phosphate (Pi)—accessible to plants—is often limited due to the soil’s physicochemical properties. To cope with Pi scarcity, plants have evolved a complex phosphate starvation response network centered around phosphate starvation response proteins (PHRs) to regulate cellular Pi homeostasis. However, a comprehensive understanding of physiological and molecular functions of PHRs in barley (Hordeum vulgare) remains elusive. In this study, we identified two homologous PHRs in barley, with HvPHR1 exhibiting higher expression across all developmental stages, suggesting a dominant role. Overexpression of HvPHR1 resulted in necrotic symptoms in mature leaf tips, which correlated with excessive Pi accumulation in leaves. Transcriptome analysis revealed 732 and 307 significantly differentially expressed genes in the roots and leaves, respectively, in the HvPHR1-overexpressing transgenic line grown under Pi-sufficient conditions. These genes were primarily associated with phosphate starvation responses and phosphate ion homeostasis. Using published exome resequencing data, we identified 12 SNPs in the CDS, introns, and 3’ UTR of HvPHR1, which were classified into four main haplotypes. Allele frequency analysis revealed that HvPHR1 underwent artificial selection during barley domestication. Furthermore, the nonsynonymous mutation of HvPHR1 did not affect its nuclear localization or transcriptional activation activity. These findings enhance our understanding of the vital role of HvPHR1 in maintaining Pi homeostasis in barley.

磷是所有生物必需的大量营养素。尽管地壳中含有丰富的无机磷酸盐（Pi），但由于土壤的物理化学性质，植物可获得的无机磷酸盐（Pi）通常是有限的。为了应对磷的缺乏，植物进化出了以磷饥饿反应蛋白（PHRs）为中心的复杂的磷饥饿反应网络，以调节细胞内磷的稳态。然而，对大麦（Hordeum vulgare）中PHRs的生理和分子功能的全面了解仍然是一个谜。在这项研究中，我们在大麦中发现了两个同源的PHRs，其中HvPHR1在所有发育阶段都表现出更高的表达，表明HvPHR1在大麦中起主导作用。HvPHR1过表达导致成熟叶尖出现坏死症状，这与叶片中Pi积累过多有关。转录组分析显示，在pi充足条件下生长的hvphr1过表达转基因株系中，根和叶中分别有732个和307个显著差异表达基因。这些基因主要与磷酸盐饥饿反应和磷酸盐离子稳态有关。利用已发表的外显子组重测序数据，我们在HvPHR1的CDS、内含子和3 ' UTR中鉴定出12个snp，并将其分为4个主要单倍型。等位基因频率分析表明，HvPHR1在大麦驯化过程中经历了人工选择。此外，HvPHR1的非同义突变不影响其核定位或转录激活活性。这些发现增强了我们对HvPHR1在维持大麦Pi稳态中的重要作用的理解。

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引用次数: 0

NPK-transporters in wheat: linking mineral nutrition with combined abiotic stress adaptation 小麦氮磷钾转运体：将矿质营养与复合非生物胁迫适应联系起来

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101187

Zhiwei Wang , Tianyou Yuan , Aimen Shafique , Muhammad Salman Mubarik , Madiha Habib , Roshan Zameer , Farrukh Azeem , Shuiqing Zhang

Mineral nutrients are very crucial for plant survival and adaptation, playing a dynamic role in their growth, development, and production. Among these mineral nutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) stand out as essential macronutrients due to their pivotal and interconnecting roles in supporting plant growth, development, and stress adaptation. Plants developed a transport system to maintain balanced nutrients for sustainable crop productivity and environmental resilience. Although considerable research has focused on the NPK transport system, their integrated roles in coordinating mineral nutrition and stress tolerance remain insufficiently explored in wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 42, AABBDD). In the current study, we identified 21 N-related, 45 P-related, and 43 K-related transporter genes in T. aestivum, confirmed through the presence of conserved signature domains. These NPK-transporters in T. aestivum and A. thaliana were found as highly conserved within each subgroup, supported by phylogenetic, gene structure, and motif analysis. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis suggests coordinated regulatory networks among nutrient transporters. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that NPK transporters are involved not only in nutrient transport but also in various signaling pathways. The expression profiling in response to biotic and abiotic stresses revealed the differential regulation of NPKs in T. aestivum. Three identified candidates for NPK transporters (TaAMT2, TaPHT4.3, TaKT3) were further subjected to a combined abiotic stress and NPK application assay. The results revealed that the NPK availability modulates T. aestivum adaptation to combined abiotic stresses. Furthermore, the green fluorescent protein GFP revealed that the candidate genes were localized in the plasma membrane. Our study is a foundation to identify co-regulatory candidates for developing wheat varieties that maintain nutrition and yield under the complex stress scenarios of modern agriculture.

矿质养分对植物的生存和适应至关重要，在植物的生长、发育和生产中起着动态的作用。在这些矿物质营养素中，氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)因其在支持植物生长、发育和逆境适应方面的关键和相互关联作用而成为必需的大量营养素。植物发展了一个运输系统来维持营养平衡，以实现可持续的作物生产力和环境适应能力。虽然大量的研究集中在NPK运输系统上，但它们在小麦（Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 42， AABBDD）中协调矿质营养和抗逆性的综合作用仍未得到充分的探索。在目前的研究中，我们鉴定了21个与n相关的转运基因，45个与p相关的转运基因，43个与k相关的转运基因，通过保守的特征域的存在得到了证实。通过系统发育、基因结构和基序分析，发现这些npk转运蛋白在T. aestivum和A. thaliana的每个亚群中都是高度保守的。蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络分析表明营养转运体之间存在协调的调控网络。基因本体（GO）富集分析表明，氮磷钾转运体不仅参与养分转运，还参与多种信号通路。通过生物胁迫和非生物胁迫下NPKs的表达谱分析，揭示了水稻NPKs的调控差异。三个确定的NPK转运体候选体（TaAMT2, TaPHT4.3, TaKT3）进一步进行了非生物胁迫和NPK施用联合试验。结果表明，氮磷钾有效性调节了稻对复合非生物胁迫的适应。此外，绿色荧光蛋白GFP显示候选基因定位在质膜上。我们的研究为确定在现代农业复杂胁迫情景下保持营养和产量的小麦品种的共同调控候选品种奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Exogenous nootkatone impairs nitrogen nutrition by promoting ammonium over nitrate uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana 外源诺卡酮通过促进拟南芥对铵的吸收而非硝态氮的吸收来损害氮营养

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101223

Alice Zambelli , Michele Pesenti , Giorgio Lucchini , Adela María Sánchez-Moreiras , Luca Espen , Fabrizio Araniti , Fabio Francesco Nocito

Nootkatone, a natural sesquiterpenoid, has recently emerged as a candidate allelochemical for sustainable weed management. However, its phytotoxic effects and underlying mechanisms in plants remain poorly understood. In this study, we present a comprehensive characterization of nootkatone-induced toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana, integrating physiological, metabolomic, and nutritional analyses. Exposure to increasing concentrations of nootkatone resulted in dose-dependent reductions in biomass and photosynthetic efficiency, accompanied by visible morphological damage. GC–MS-based metabolomic profiling revealed significant reprogramming of primary metabolism, particularly affecting amino acid biosynthesis and nitrogen-related pathways. Network analysis identified glutamic acid as an important metabolic hub, linking nitrogen assimilation to stress-related responses. Nutritional profiling and stable isotope analysis demonstrated that nootkatone disrupts nitrogen homeostasis by promoting ammonium uptake over nitrate assimilation. This shift was confirmed by ¹⁵N-labeled experiments, which showed reduced nitrate uptake and compensatory ammonium absorption. The altered nitrogen source preference was associated with increased accumulation of ammonium, free amino acids, and nitrogen-rich intermediates, consistent with typical symptoms of ammonium toxicity. These findings suggest a potential mechanism underlying nootkatone-induced phytotoxicity and underscore its promise as a bioactive compound for sustainable and environmentally friendly weed management strategies.

Nootkatone是一种天然倍半萜类化合物，最近成为可持续杂草管理的候选化感化学物质。然而，其在植物中的植物毒性作用和潜在机制仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们综合了生理学、代谢组学和营养分析，全面描述了拟南芥中诺卡酮诱导的毒性。暴露于浓度增加的诺卡酮导致生物量和光合效率的剂量依赖性降低，并伴有明显的形态损伤。基于gc - ms的代谢组学分析揭示了主要代谢的显著重编程，特别是影响氨基酸生物合成和氮相关途径。网络分析发现谷氨酸是一个重要的代谢中枢，将氮同化与应激相关反应联系起来。营养分析和稳定同位素分析表明，诺卡酮通过促进铵吸收而不是硝态氮同化来破坏氮稳态。15n标记实验证实了这一转变，表明硝酸盐吸收和代偿性铵吸收减少。氮源偏好的改变与铵、游离氨基酸和富氮中间体的积累增加有关，与铵毒性的典型症状一致。这些发现提示了诺卡酮诱导植物毒性的潜在机制，并强调了其作为可持续和环境友好型杂草管理策略的生物活性化合物的前景。

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引用次数: 0

Exogenous application of nitric oxide promotes hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. performances, soil properties, and microbial community in cadmium contaminated soil 外源氮氧化物对镉污染土壤中超积累植物茄的生长、土壤性质和微生物群落的影响

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101221

Juncai Wang , Shengyang Xiao , Chao Ma , Yanyan Dong , Tao Jin , Yu Cai , Xiaofeng Liao , Yuangui Xie

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils poses a serious threat to food security and human health. Nitric oxide (NO), as redox-related signaling molecule, is known to promote plant growth and regulate soil quality in heavy metal-contamination soils. However, the regulatory mechanisms of NO in plant physiology and soil biochemistry have not been well-demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the role of exogenous application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as an NO donor additive on the growth performances, Cd accumulation and translocation, physiological biochemical response of plant, soil physicochemical properties, and soil microbial communities of hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. in Cd-contaminated soil. Our results showed that 100 and 200 μmol·L⁻¹ NO addition markedly increased the plant biomass by 16.22 % and 14.85 %, and enhanced the Cd accumulation by 46.91 % and 22.08 % in S. nigrum compared to the 100 mg·kg⁻¹ Cd treatment alone, respectively. Moreover, NO supply could mitigate Cd phytotoxicity and oxidative damage by significantly increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and osmoregulatory substances content. In addition, NO addition significantly changes the soil physicochemical properties, including changed the SOC, CEC, the NH₄⁺-N and NO₃⁻-N contents, increased the content of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and soil enzymatic activities, such as the 100 μmol·L⁻¹ NO treatment increased 4.71 %, 7.45 %, 18.44 % and 29.46 % of the soil pH, EC, the content of NO₃⁻-N and NH₄⁺-N as compared to Cd stress alone under 50 mg·kg⁻¹ Cd concentrations, respectively. Meanwhile, in Cd alone treatment, the soil bacterial diversity indexes were slightly increased, while the fungal diversity slightly decreased at low Cd concentrations and increased at high Cd level compared with no Cd addition groups. After NO addition, the soil bacterial and fungal diversity was enhanced compared to without NO addition. Exogenous NO treatment also significantly changed the structures of soil bacterial and fungal communities, and increased the relative abundance of soil beneficial microbial communities. Furthermore, interactions among soil environmental factors and NO addition significantly influenced dominant bacterial, and fungal taxa. These results provide proof that soil remediation with exogenous NO addition may be an effective method to improve soil microenvironment and enhance plant tolerance to metal stress.

农业土壤镉污染对粮食安全和人类健康构成严重威胁。一氧化氮（NO）作为氧化还原相关的信号分子，在重金属污染土壤中具有促进植物生长和调节土壤质量的作用。然而，NO在植物生理和土壤生物化学中的调节机制尚未得到很好的证实。本研究研究了外源施用硝普钠（SNP）作为NO供体添加剂对镉污染土壤中高富集植物茄（Solanum nigrum L.）生长性能、Cd积累与转运、植物生理生化响应、土壤理化性质和土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明，与单独添加100 μmol·L−1 NO相比，添加100和200 μmol·L−1 NO显著提高了黑麦植株生物量16.22%和14.85%，提高了Cd积累量46.91%和22.08%。此外，NO的添加可以通过显著提高抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量来减轻镉的植物毒性和氧化损伤。此外,没有添加显著改变土壤理化性质,包括改变了SOC, CEC, NH4 + - n和NO3−- n含量、增加土壤微生物生物量碳的内容(MBC),微生物生物量氮(拥有)和土壤酶的活动,如100μ摩尔·L−1没有治疗增加了4.71%,7.45%,18.44%和29.46%的土壤pH值、EC、NO3−- n、NH4 + - n的含量比Cd压力下50 mg·公斤−1 Cd的浓度,分别。与未添加Cd组相比，单独Cd处理土壤细菌多样性指数略有增加，真菌多样性指数在低Cd浓度下略有下降，在高Cd水平下有所增加。与未添加NO相比，添加NO后土壤细菌和真菌多样性增强。外源NO处理也显著改变了土壤细菌和真菌群落结构，增加了土壤有益微生物群落的相对丰度。此外，土壤环境因子与NO添加量的交互作用对优势菌群和真菌类群有显著影响。结果表明，外源NO修复是改善土壤微环境，提高植物对金属胁迫耐受性的有效方法。

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引用次数: 0

Arabidopsis mutants for Mediator Head, Middle, Tail, and Kinase modules reveal distinct roles in regulating the transcriptional response to salt stress 拟南芥头部、中间、尾部和激酶模块的突变体在调节盐胁迫的转录反应中发挥了不同的作用

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101189

Fazeelat Karamat , Alexander Vergara , Jeanette Blomberg , Tim Crawford , Nóra Lehotai , Matilda Rentoft , Åsa Strand , Stefan Björklund

Environmental changes trigger stress responses in living organisms. Although the underlying mechanisms are only partly understood, they involve intricate signaling pathways and transcription factors (TFs). Mediator is a conserved co-regulator complex required for transcriptional regulation of all eukaryotic protein-encoding genes. However, its function in abiotic stress responses is elusive. Here, we describe global gene expression changes induced by salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. To investigate the involvement of Mediator, we analyzed med9, med16, med18, and cdk8 mutants, each representing one of the four Mediator modules. Our results demonstrate that promoters of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for each mutant are enriched for binding sites of specific TFs. Phenotypic analyses further support the transcriptomic data: med16 and med18, and to a lesser extent cdk8, exhibit defects typical to mutations that affect abscisic acid and anthocyanin metabolism and we identify dysregulated signaling molecules, TFs, and target genes in these pathways. Our results reveal how signals from different stress response pathways are dependent on, and integrated by, Mediator subunits to coordinate a functional response to salt stress.

环境变化会引发生物体的应激反应。虽然潜在的机制只被部分理解，但它们涉及复杂的信号通路和转录因子（tf）。中介体是所有真核生物蛋白编码基因转录调控所必需的一种保守的共调节复合体。然而，其在非生物应激反应中的作用尚不清楚。在这里，我们描述了盐胁迫诱导拟南芥基因表达的全局变化。为了研究Mediator的作用，我们分析了med9、med16、med18和cdk8突变体，每个突变体代表四个Mediator模块中的一个。我们的研究结果表明，每个突变体的差异表达基因（DEGs）的启动子在特定tf的结合位点上富集。表型分析进一步支持转录组学数据：med16和med18，以及cdk8在较小程度上表现出影响脱落酸和花青素代谢的突变的典型缺陷，我们在这些途径中发现了失调的信号分子、tf和靶基因。我们的研究结果揭示了来自不同胁迫反应途径的信号是如何依赖并被中介亚基整合以协调对盐胁迫的功能反应的。

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引用次数: 0

Overexpression of SlPSAN promotes salinity stress tolerance in tomato seedlings SlPSAN的过表达促进了番茄幼苗的耐盐性

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101226

Ali Anwar , Chunfeng Chen , Caizhu Hu , Mengqing Chen , Mansour Ghorbanpour , Wei Su , Riyuan Chen , Shiwei Song

Salinity stress is a major obstacle that limits plant growth and productivity. However, plants possess robust defense mechanisms to mitigate its adverse effects. In this study, we found that overexpression of SlPSAN (photosystem I reaction center subunit N) conferred salt stress resistance in both yeast and tomato seedlings. The results showed that the T-DNA mutants were susceptible to salt stress, resulting in a significant decline in seed germination rates and root length in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of SlPSAN enhanced root and shoot fresh weights, as well as root and shoot dry weights, in tomato seedlings under salt stress. In contrast, knockout (psan1 and psan2) lines exhibited increased sensitivity to salt stress and a significant reduction in tomato seedling growth. Moreover, SlPSAN overexpression enhanced nutrient accumulation, chlorophyll content (Chl A, Chl B, Chl A+B, and carotenoids) and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (APX, SOD, POD, and CAT), while simultaneously decreasing the accumulation of ROS and MDA when compared with WT and knockout lines. Transcriptome analysis revealed that knockout of SlPSAN altered the enrichment of biological processes, including response to stimulus, immune system processes, and detoxification pathways, under salt stress in tomato. These findings suggested that SlPSAN positively regulates salt stress in tomato seedlings. This study unlocks an innovative research direction for identifying candidate genes for improving salinity stress tolerance and protecting horticultural crop production.

盐胁迫是限制植物生长和生产力的主要障碍。然而，植物具有强大的防御机制来减轻其不利影响。在这项研究中，我们发现SlPSAN（光系统I反应中心亚基N）的过表达使酵母和番茄幼苗具有耐盐性。结果表明，T-DNA突变体对盐胁迫敏感，导致拟南芥种子发芽率和根长显著下降。过表达SlPSAN提高了盐胁迫下番茄幼苗的根、地上部鲜重和干重。相比之下，敲除（psan1和psan2）系对盐胁迫的敏感性增加，番茄幼苗生长显著降低。此外，与WT和敲除系相比，SlPSAN过表达增强了营养物质积累、叶绿素含量（Chl A、Chl B、Chl A+B和类胡萝卜素），增强了抗氧化酶（APX、SOD、POD和CAT）的活性，同时降低了ROS和MDA的积累。转录组分析显示，敲除SlPSAN改变了盐胁迫下番茄对刺激的反应、免疫系统过程和解毒途径等生物过程的富集。这些结果表明，SlPSAN正调控番茄幼苗盐胁迫。本研究为鉴定提高作物耐盐性和保护园艺作物生产的候选基因开辟了一个创新的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0