Plant Stress最新文献_第7页

Photosystem vulnerabilities under compound abiotic stresses: mechanisms, diagnostics, and engineering for resilient crops 复合非生物胁迫下的光系统脆弱性：韧性作物的机制、诊断和工程

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101193

Yonggang Gao , Xinyu Li , Chaofan Han , Qiuyi Huang , Rui Wu , Cheng Zhao , Kuijun She

Photosynthesis, essential for plant productivity and global food security, is vulnerable to compound abiotic stresses like high light, drought, heat, and salinity. These disrupt Photosystem II (PSII) and Photosystem I (PSI), causing efficiency losses and yield declines. We reframe vulnerabilities via architectural asymmetries (rapid D1 turnover in PSII vs. slow Fe–S repair in PSI) and multifaceted protective mechanisms, including non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) subtypes (qE, qT, qZ, qH, qI), cyclic electron transport (CEF), and photosynthetic control (PhotCon). Mapping "ROS geography" emphasizes acceptor side over reduction (Mehler-driven Fe–S damage) and donor side imbalances (¹O_₂-mediated P700 oxidation), with metrics like Y(NA), Y(ND), and EPR for phenotyping. Using cryo-EM and genetic models, we link mechanisms to assays (e.g., NPQ relaxation kinetics) to resolve debates, such as Y(ND)'s sufficiency for PhotCon. Based on evolutionary principles, we propose a hierarchical prevention framework from sensing to proteostasis and advocate synthetic plastid engineering with digital twins and optogenetic CEF/NPQ switches. This empowers development of antifragile crops adapting to climate variability, enhancing food security.

光合作用对植物生产力和全球粮食安全至关重要，它容易受到强光、干旱、高温和盐度等复合非生物胁迫的影响。它们破坏光系统II （PSII）和光系统I (PSI)，导致效率损失和产量下降。我们通过结构不对称（PSII中的D1快速周转与PSI中的Fe-S缓慢修复）和多方面的保护机制，包括非光化学猝灭（NPQ）亚型（qE, qT, qZ, qH, qI），循环电子传递（CEF）和光合作用控制（PhotCon）来重新构建脆弱性。绘制“ROS地理”强调受体侧超过还原（mehler驱动的Fe-S损伤）和供体侧不平衡（¹O₂介导的P700氧化），用Y（NA）、Y（ND）和EPR等指标进行表型分析。使用低温电镜和遗传模型，我们将机制与分析（例如，NPQ松弛动力学）联系起来，以解决争论，例如Y（ND）对photoncon的充足性。基于进化原理，我们提出了一个从感知到蛋白质静止的分层预防框架，并主张使用数字双胞胎和光遗传CEF/NPQ开关进行合成质体工程。这有助于开发适应气候变化的抗脆弱作物，从而加强粮食安全。

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引用次数: 0

Transcriptome analysis uncovers salt stress-responsive mechanisms and GmCML48 as a key candidate gene in soybean 转录组分析揭示了大豆盐胁迫响应机制和GmCML48作为关键候选基因

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101231

Shuangzhe Li , Yitong Li , Wei Qiang , Yuanrui Zhang , Ming Yuan , Siming Wei , Chang Xu , Qingshan Chen , Zhenbang Hu , Ying Zhao , Limin Hu

Salt stress severely affects soybean yield and cultivation area. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying soybean response to salinity is essential for the development of salt-tolerant cultivars. In this study, transcriptome profiling was employed to compare salt-sensitive (D) and salt-tolerant (Q) variety by analyzing the leaf and root tissues under salt stress. A total of 6276 and 3278 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the leaves and roots of salt-tolerant variety Q, whereas 9761 and 11,875 DEGs were detected in salt-sensitive variety D, respectively. The regulatory pathways activated under salt stress exhibited significant differences between genotypes and tissues. The plant hormone signal transduction pathway was strongly activated in both tissues of both cultivars, with key genes in multiple hormone pathways demonstrating substantially higher transcriptional upregulation in the salt-tolerant variety Q. Notably, the activation level of the plant-pathogen interaction pathway differed greatly between varieties, with the GmCML gene family accounting for a major proportion of this pathway. Comparative analysis identified GmCML48 as the gene most strongly induced by NaCl, NaHCO₃, ABA, and BR treatments. Transgenic overexpression lines displayed significant improvements in growth traits and antioxidant enzyme activities under salt stress, establishing GmCML48 as a key contributor to soybean salt tolerance. Furthermore, Hap_A was identified as a haplotype associated with superior salt tolerance. These findings could advance the understanding of soybean molecular adaptations to saline environments and provide a theoretical basis for targeted breeding of salt-tolerant cultivars.

盐胁迫严重影响大豆产量和种植面积。全面了解大豆耐盐反应的分子机制对培育耐盐品种至关重要。本研究通过对盐胁迫下的叶片和根系组织进行转录组分析，比较盐敏感(D)和耐盐(Q)品种。在耐盐品种Q的叶片和根系中分别检测到6276个和3278个差异表达基因，而在盐敏感品种D中分别检测到9761个和11875个差异表达基因。盐胁迫下激活的调控途径在基因型和组织间存在显著差异。两个品种的植物激素信号转导通路在两个组织中都被强烈激活，耐盐品种q的多个激素通路中关键基因的转录上调幅度明显更高。值得注意的是，品种间植物-病原体互作通路的激活水平差异很大，其中GmCML基因家族占该通路的主要比例。对比分析发现，GmCML48是NaCl、NaHCO3、ABA和BR处理诱导最强烈的基因。转基因过表达系在盐胁迫下表现出生长性状和抗氧化酶活性的显著改善，表明GmCML48是大豆耐盐性的关键基因。此外，Hap_A被鉴定为与优异的耐盐性相关的单倍型。这些发现有助于进一步了解大豆对盐碱环境的分子适应性，为有针对性地选育耐盐品种提供理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Organ- and temperature-dependent transcriptome diversity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) explored by Iso-seq single-molecule sequencing 利用isoseq单分子测序技术研究番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）器官和温度依赖性转录组多样性

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101237

Jessica Bold , Karin Löchli , Boushra Shalha , Stavros Vraggalas , Anida Mesihovic , Yangjie Hu , Maik Böhmer , Enrico Schleiff , Sotirios Fragkostefanakis , Stefan Simm

Reorganization of gene expression is a key mechanism underlying plant responses to heat stress (HS). While the transcriptional regulation of gene expression under HS has been extensively studied, the contribution of alternative splicing (AS) remains less understood, largely due to the limitations of short-read RNA sequencing in capturing splice variant diversity. To overcome this, we employed long-read RNA-Seq using PacBio Iso-Seq in tomato, a model crop for HS studies. Transcriptomes were analyzed across five vegetative and reproductive organs subjected to a series of HS conditions. Iso-Seq data revealed an additional set of >89,000 unique transcripts to existing long-read datasets. Combined with short-read RNA-Seq, our analysis uncovered both global as well as organ- and temperature-specific qualitative and quantitative changes in splicing and revealed that 55% of tomato genes undergo AS. Leaves showed the highest number of alternatively spliced genes, while immature green fruits (IG) showed the lowest. Based on the response to temperature changes, roots displayed the highest number of differentially alternatively spliced (DAS) genes. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that DAS genes are enriched in biological processes uniquely associated with specific organs and temperature conditions. We observed a low overlap between DAS and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), suggesting that AS and transcriptional regulation act as largely independent layers in HS response. On the example of heat stress transcription factors (HSFs), we demonstrate that AS can result in unproductive splice variants likely targeted for degradation, or in the production of protein isoforms with distinct functions. We further identify a novel AS event in HSFA6b, generating isoforms with potential activator and repressor functions. Altogether, our findings establish as an organ- and temperature-specific regulatory layer shaping heat stress responses, revealed by long-read transcriptome profiling.

基因表达重组是植物应对热胁迫的重要机制。虽然HS下基因表达的转录调控已经被广泛研究，但选择性剪接（AS）的贡献仍然知之甚少，这主要是由于短读RNA测序在捕获剪接变异多样性方面的局限性。为了克服这个问题，我们使用PacBio Iso-Seq对HS研究的模式作物番茄进行了长读rna测序。在一系列HS条件下分析了5个营养和生殖器官的转录组。Iso-Seq数据揭示了现有长读数据集的额外89000个唯一转录本。结合短读RNA-Seq，我们的分析揭示了剪接的全局以及器官和温度特异性的定性和定量变化，并揭示了55%的番茄基因经历了as。叶片选择性剪接基因数量最多，未成熟青果（IG）最少。根据对温度变化的响应，根系显示出最多的差异选择性剪接（DAS）基因。基因本体分析表明，DAS基因在与特定器官和温度条件独特相关的生物过程中丰富。我们观察到DAS和差异表达基因（DEGs）之间的低重叠，表明AS和转录调控在HS反应中在很大程度上是独立的层。在热应激转录因子（hsf）的例子中，我们证明了AS可以导致非生产性剪接变异体，可能是降解的目标，或者是产生具有不同功能的蛋白质异构体。我们进一步在HSFA6b中发现了一个新的AS事件，产生了具有潜在激活和抑制功能的异构体。总之，我们的研究结果通过长读转录组分析揭示了形成热应激反应的器官和温度特异性调节层。

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引用次数: 0

OsGLP3-7 negatively regulates drought tolerance by suppressing amino acid, lipid, and jasmonic acid metabolic pathways in rice OsGLP3-7通过抑制水稻氨基酸、脂质和茉莉酸代谢途径负调控抗旱性

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101188

Yamei Ma , Liqun Jiang , Yongjie Jiang , Lingli Lu , Jiao Xue , Bingrui Sun , Hang Yu , Xingxue Mao , Shuwei Lv , Pingli Chen , Chen Li , Jing Zhang , Qing Liu

Although germin-like protein (GLP) family members have been demonstrated to play important roles in regulating plant biotic and abiotic stresses, their specific roles in regulating rice drought stress response are still largely unknown. In this study, we identified that the transcription of OsGLP3–7 was significantly down-regulated by PEG, cold and NaCl stress treatments. Knockout of OsGLP3–7 enhanced plant tolerance whereas overexpression of OsGLP3–7 decreased plant tolerance to PEG6000-mimicked drought stress and water-deficient drought stress, as manifested by the survival rates, water loss rates and ion leakages compared to the wild-type plants. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression levels of genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) metabolism, amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism were remarkably lower in the OsGLP3–7 knockout plants but higher in the OsGLP3–7 overexpressing plants relative to the wild-type plants under stress treatment. Correspondingly, metabolome analysis revealed that the OsGLP3–7 knockout plants had lower JA, amino acids and lipids contents, whereas the OsGLP3–7 overexpressing plants had higher JA, amino acids and lipids contents than wild-type plants. Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment reduced the drought tolerance of OsGLP3–7 knockout plants. These findings suggest that OsGLP3–7 negatively regulates rice drought tolerance by inactivating the JA, amino acid and lipids metabolic pathways, holding a promise target for improving drought tolerance through gene editing approaches.

虽然发芽样蛋白（GLP）家族成员已被证明在调节植物生物和非生物胁迫中发挥重要作用，但它们在调节水稻干旱胁迫反应中的具体作用仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们发现OsGLP3-7的转录在PEG、低温和NaCl胁迫处理下显著下调。敲除OsGLP3-7增强了植物对peg6000模拟干旱胁迫和缺水干旱胁迫的耐受性，而过表达OsGLP3-7则降低了植物对peg6000模拟干旱胁迫和缺水干旱胁迫的耐受性，表现在与野生型植物相比的存活率、失水率和离子泄漏上。转录组学分析显示，胁迫处理下OsGLP3-7敲除植株茉莉酸代谢、氨基酸代谢和脂质代谢相关基因的表达水平显著低于野生型植株，而OsGLP3-7过表达植株茉莉酸代谢、氨基酸代谢和脂质代谢相关基因的表达水平显著高于野生型植株。代谢组学分析显示，OsGLP3-7基因敲除植株的JA、氨基酸和脂质含量较低，而OsGLP3-7过表达植株的JA、氨基酸和脂质含量高于野生型植株。外源茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）处理降低了OsGLP3-7基因敲除植株的耐旱性。这些发现表明，OsGLP3-7通过失活JA、氨基酸和脂质代谢途径负调控水稻抗旱性，是通过基因编辑方法提高水稻抗旱性的一个有希望的靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Functional analysis identifies the novel kinase activity of rice OsTLP16.5 in the thylakoid lumen 功能分析鉴定了水稻类囊体管中OsTLP16.5的新激酶活性

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101185

Zhenhui Kang, Linglong Deng, Yali Wang, Qiong Ren, Jiao Zhong, Yu Duan, Tong Qin

Protein phosphorylation is considered to facilitate the PSII repair cycle. The kinases and phosphatases responsible for the modification of PSII core and LHCII subunits are well understood, however, knowledge is limited about the role of phosphorylation in the thylakoid lumen. The acid phosphatase AtTLP18.3 has been characterized for over a decade, but the kinase(s) still remains unidentified. Indeed, the processes of disassembly and reassembly of the OEC represent a largely unexplored area within the PSII repair cycle. Our findings establish OsTLP16.5, the rice ortholog of MPH2, as the first functionally validated lumenal kinase. OsTLP16.5 is able to phosphorylate OsPsbP1 in vitro and physically interact with it in vivo. Phosphorylation of OsPsbP1 appears to directly influence the dissociation of the OEC from the PSII core monomer, thereby providing an explanation for why loss of MPH2 interferes with the proper disassembly of PSII monomers throughout the PSII repair. Our results support a model in which phosphorylation of lumenal OsPsbP1 by OsTLP16.5 facilitates PSII repair, thereby maintaining photosynthetic efficiency and agronomic performance in rice.

蛋白质磷酸化被认为促进PSII修复周期。目前对PSII核心和LHCII亚基修饰的激酶和磷酸酶已经了解得很清楚，然而，关于磷酸化在类囊体管腔中的作用的知识有限。酸性磷酸酶AtTLP18.3已经被鉴定了十多年，但激酶(s)仍然是未知的。事实上，在PSII维修周期中，OEC的拆卸和重组过程在很大程度上是一个未开发的领域。我们的研究结果证实，水稻中与MPH2同源的OsTLP16.5是第一个功能性验证的管状激酶。OsTLP16.5在体外能够磷酸化OsPsbP1，并在体内与OsPsbP1相互作用。OsPsbP1的磷酸化似乎直接影响OEC与PSII核心单体的解离，从而解释了为什么在PSII修复过程中，MPH2的缺失会干扰PSII单体的适当分解。我们的研究结果支持了一个模型，即OsTLP16.5对管腔OsPsbP1的磷酸化促进了PSII的修复，从而维持了水稻的光合效率和农艺性能。

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引用次数: 0

AcGSTU1 enhances salt tolerance of polyploid Actinidia chinensis by dosage effect and is regulated by transcription factor AcERF3 AcGSTU1通过剂量效应增强多倍体猕猴桃耐盐性，并受转录因子AcERF3调控

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101181

Ying Wu , Yunzhi Lin , Liu Wang , Yingzhen Wang , Zhiwen Ma , Meng Zhao , Yuyu Huo , Tao Zhang , Cheng Zhang , Lihuan Wang , Yongsheng Liu , Pengpeng Zheng

Polyploidy is a dominant feature of plant diversity and plays an important role in the speciation and evolution of plant species. Compared to diploids, polyploids exhibit greater adaptability to a broader spectrum of environmental conditions. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms of adaptation remain largely unexplored. In this study, transcriptome, genetic and biochemical techniques were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of salt stress resistance between diploid and polyploidy (tetraploid, and hexaploid) Actinidia chinensis. The analysis of differently expressed genes (DEGs) reveals significant differences in gene expression among Actinidia chinensis leaves of different ploidy, displaying distinct dose-response characteristics. Further analysis obtained a gene with significant positive dosage effect, namely AcGSTU1. Overexpressed the AcGSTU1 in both Arabidopsis thaliana and Actinidia chinensis revealed that AcGSTU1 was responsible for polyploidy Actinidia chinensis tolerance to salt stress. In addition, AcGSTU1 may enhance the salt stress tolerance of Actinidia chinensis by increasing ROS scavenging. Besides, we found that transcription factor AcERF3 positively regulates salt stress tolerance by directly binding on the promoter of AcGSTU1 to activate its expression. In conclusion, our work provides insights into the adaptation mechanism of polyploid Actinidia chinensis to salt stress.

多倍体是植物多样性的显性特征，在植物物种形成和进化中起着重要作用。与二倍体相比，多倍体对更广泛的环境条件表现出更强的适应性。然而，适应的生理和分子机制在很大程度上仍未被探索。利用转录组、遗传和生化等技术，研究了猕猴桃二倍体和多倍体（四倍体和六倍体）抗盐胁迫的分子机制。不同倍性猕猴桃叶片基因表达差异分析显示，不同倍性猕猴桃叶片基因表达差异显著，表现出不同的剂量效应特征。进一步分析得到一个具有显著正剂量效应的基因，即AcGSTU1。AcGSTU1在拟南芥和猕猴桃中均过表达，表明AcGSTU1与猕猴桃多倍体耐盐胁迫有关。此外，AcGSTU1可能通过增强活性氧清除能力来增强猕猴桃的耐盐性。此外，我们发现转录因子AcERF3通过直接结合AcGSTU1启动子激活其表达，正向调节盐胁迫耐受性。本研究揭示了猕猴桃多倍体对盐胁迫的适应机制。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing San Marzano dwarf tomato performance: The role of biochar under saline irrigation conditions 盐水灌溉条件下生物炭对圣马扎诺矮番茄生产性能的提高作用

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101184

Matteo Lentini , Michele Ciriello , Petronia Carillo , Giovanna Marta Fusco , Rosalinda Nicastro , Antonio Pannico , Francesco Primo Vaccari , Youssef Rouphael , Stefania De Pascale

A greenhouse experiment was conducted in an unheated greenhouse to study the growth, physiology, metabolic mechanisms and yield of tomato in response to salinity stress with the addition of biochar. It was hypothesized that biochar supplementation could enhance plant growth and yield by mitigating the deleterious effect of salinity from NaCl due to its inherent sorption capacity. Tomato plants were exposed to three concentrations of NaCl (0, 40 and 80 mM) and three different percentages of biochar (0, 1 and 2 % v/v). Biochar supplementation improved the physiological response of salinized plants both at the vegetative stage (increased leaf fresh weight by 41.53 % at moderate salinity levels) and at the end of the experiment due to a significant reduction in the uptake of toxic Na⁺ (-35 %) and Cl^- (-41 %) ions. In addition, biochar application positively influenced the balance of sugars, starch and amino acids, supporting a coordinated metabolic response to salt stress. There were significant increases in metabolites such as proline and γ-Aminobutyric-acid (GABA), contributing to stress adaptation and improved fruit quality. The findings underscore the value of biochar's potential as a sustainable solution for amending soils and improving tomato production under adverse conditions such as NaCl stress.

在不加热的温室中，研究了添加生物炭对盐胁迫下番茄生长、生理、代谢机制和产量的影响。我们推测，生物炭的添加可以通过其固有的吸附能力来减轻NaCl对盐的有害影响，从而促进植物的生长和产量。番茄植株分别处理了3种浓度的NaCl（0、40和80 mM）和3种不同比例的生物炭（0、1和2% v/v）。添加生物炭改善了盐渍化植物在营养阶段（在中等盐度水平下叶片鲜重增加41.53%）和试验结束时的生理反应，这是由于生物炭显著减少了有毒Na+(- 35%)和Cl-(- 41%)离子的吸收。此外，施用生物炭对糖、淀粉和氨基酸的平衡产生积极影响，支持对盐胁迫的协调代谢反应。脯氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸（γ-氨基丁酸，GABA）等代谢物显著增加，有利于适应逆境，提高果实品质。这些发现强调了生物炭作为一种可持续解决方案的价值，它可以在NaCl胁迫等不利条件下改善土壤和提高番茄产量。

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引用次数: 0

Boron alleviates fluoride stress in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) by targeting ion homeostasis and metabolic reprogramming 硼通过调控离子稳态和代谢重编程缓解茶树氟胁迫

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101183

Wenluan Xu, Jiasheng Huang, Yuxuan Jia, Yifei Fan, Mingle Wang, Hua Zhao, Dejiang Ni, Yuqiong Chen

The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is a typical fluoride (F)-accumulating and F-tolerant species, but excessive F still induces stress, ultimately threatening safe tea production and human health. Given boron's (B) well-documented role in enhancing stress tolerance and maintaining ion homeostasis, this study aimed to investigate its unreported potential to reduce F accumulation in tea plant. We investigated two genotypes (the low-F cultivar FDDB and the high-F cultivar JGY) by integrating phenotypic, physiological, ionomic, gene expression, and metabolomic analyses. The results showed that B alleviated F-induced stress through multiple pathways: reducing F bioavailability via rhizosphere regulation, enhancing antioxidant defense systems, maintaining ion homeostasis through a B-Ca-Al-Mn-F centered regulatory network, and inducing genotype- and leaf age-specific metabolic reprogramming. Moreover, JGY showed stronger proactive regulation, and 10 μM B was optimal. These findings uncover B's novel role in alleviating F stress and highlight its potential as a practical agronomic strategy for reducing F accumulation in tea plant.

茶树（Camellia sinensis）是典型的氟(F)积累和耐氟物种，但过量的F仍然会产生应激，最终威胁到茶叶的安全生产和人体健康。鉴于硼(B)在增强胁迫耐受性和维持离子稳态方面的作用，本研究旨在探讨其在茶树中减少F积累的未报道的潜力。通过综合表型、生理、基因组学、基因表达和代谢组学分析，研究了两个基因型（低f品种FDDB和高f品种JGY）。结果表明，B通过多种途径缓解F诱导的胁迫：通过根际调控降低F的生物利用度，增强抗氧化防御系统，通过以B- ca - al - mn -F为中心的调控网络维持离子稳态，诱导基因型和叶龄特异性代谢重编程。JGY具有较强的主动调节作用，以10 μ B为最优。这些发现揭示了B在缓解F胁迫中的新作用，并突出了其作为减少茶树F积累的实用农艺策略的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Functional roles of arabidopsis elongin A and C in UV stress tolerance and development 拟南芥长素A和C在紫外胁迫耐受和发育中的功能作用

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101180

Linda Alrayes , Ashly Bell , Jake Stout , Dana Schroeder

Elongins A (ELOA), B (ELOB), and C (ELOC) were originally identified in mammals as transcription elongation complex. Beyond this role, the three mammalian elongins function in E3 ligase complex that degrades the large subunit of the stalled RNA polymerase II after DNA damage. S. cerevisiae lacks ELOB but posseses ELOA and ELOC homologs which form a similar E3 ligase complex that performs a comparable function in targeting stalled RNA polymerase II for degradation. These yeast homologs are functionally conserved with their mammalian counterparts, as yeast ELOC enhances mammalian ELOA transcript elongation via interacting with it. However, yeast ELOA/C complex alone does not promote yeast transcriptional elongation. Their role in RNA polymerase II polyubiquitylation and degradation following DNA damage has been well characterized. In this study, we identified Arabidopsis elongin A homologue (ELOA; At2g42780) and examined the roles of ELOA and elongin C homologue (ELOC; At5g59140) in UV tolerance and development using molecular and genetic analyses. YFP-ELOA localized to nucleus and this pattern was not affected after UV treatment. However, YFP-ELOC localized to both nuclei and cytosol with reduced cytoplasmic signal post-UV exposure. Both Ateloa-2 and Ateloc-3 mutants exhibited enhanced UV-sensitive phenotypes in seedlings and adults. ELOA overexpression enhanced hypocotyl UV tolerance. Yeast two-hybrid assay confirmed the interaction between Arabidopsis ELOA and ELOC. Interestingly, ELOA and ELOC overexpression increased silique length and seed number, and ELOC overexpression also increased plant height. These findings demonstrate that Arabidopsis ELOA and ELOC homologs are required for UV tolerance and contribute to plant developmental regulation.

长链蛋白A （ELOA）、B （ELOB）和C （ELOC）最初在哺乳动物中被鉴定为转录延伸复合体。除了这个作用之外，这三种哺乳动物的长链蛋白还在E3连接酶复合体中发挥作用，该复合体在DNA损伤后降解停滞的RNA聚合酶II的大亚基。葡萄球菌缺乏ELOB，但具有ELOA和ELOC同源物，它们形成类似的E3连接酶复合物，在靶向停滞的RNA聚合酶II进行降解方面具有类似的功能。这些酵母同源物与哺乳动物同源物在功能上是保守的，因为酵母ELOC通过相互作用增强哺乳动物ELOA转录物的延伸。然而，酵母菌ELOA/C复合体单独不促进酵母菌的转录延伸。它们在RNA聚合酶II多泛素化和DNA损伤后降解中的作用已经得到了很好的表征。在这项研究中，我们鉴定了拟南芥长链蛋白A同源物（ELOA; At2g42780），并通过分子和遗传分析研究了ELOA和长链蛋白C同源物（ELOC; At5g59140）在紫外线耐受性和发育中的作用。YFP-ELOA定位于细胞核，紫外线处理后这种模式不受影响。然而，紫外线照射后，YFP-ELOC定位于细胞核和细胞质，胞质信号减少。Ateloa-2和Ateloc-3突变体在幼苗和成虫中均表现出增强的紫外线敏感表型。ELOA过表达增强了下胚轴对紫外线的耐受性。酵母双杂交实验证实了拟南芥ELOA与ELOC的互作。有趣的是，ELOA和ELOC过表达增加了单株长度和种子数量，ELOC过表达也增加了株高。这些发现表明拟南芥的ELOA和ELOC同源物是植物耐紫外线的必需物质，并参与植物的发育调控。

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引用次数: 0

Proteomic and physiological insights into drought mitigation by exogenously applied calcium nanoparticles in Brassica napus 外源应用钙纳米颗粒对甘蓝型油菜抗旱的蛋白质组学和生理学研究

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101179

Ahsan Ayyaz , Iram Batool , Mingchao Xu , Ying Li , Tongjun Qin , Fakhir Hannan , Muhammad Ahsan Farooq , Weijun Zhou , Yanhui Wang , Ling Xu

Drought stress poses a significant threat to rapeseed (Brassica napus) productivity. This study investigates the efficacy of calcium nanoparticles (Ca-NPs) in mitigating drought stress, with a specific focus on the proteomic reprogramming that underlies this resilience. Physiological assessments confirmed that Ca-NP application restored plant growth and biomass under drought conditions, correlating with enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and a potentiated antioxidant response. A pivotal and novel finding, revealed through non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT), was that Ca-NPs prevented drought-induced pathological leakage of cellular Ca²⁺, thereby stabilizing membrane integrity and suggesting a primed state for stress signaling. Quantitative proteomic analysis (TMT-based) identified significant alterations in the abundance of key proteins involved in central metabolic processes. Specifically, Ca-NPs upregulated proteins associated with carbon fixation, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, and the glutathione-mediated antioxidant pathway, providing the first comprehensive proteomic evidence of a reconfiguration of primary and defensive metabolism in rapeseed under Ca-NP treatment. Furthermore, weighted protein co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified highly connected hub proteins within modules strongly correlated with improved physiological traits, pinpointing critical functional components of the drought response. These findings demonstrate that Ca-NPs do not merely alleviate symptoms but actively prime rapeseed plants by enforcing ionic homeostasis and orchestrating a protective proteomic landscape, positioning them as a powerful nano-priming strategy for sustainable agriculture. Moreover, exogenously applied Ca-NPs can be further used for rapeseed seed coating. The coated seeds are then applied in the precision drill-seeding of rapeseed, jointly promoting the increase in large-scale per-unit yield of rapeseed.

干旱胁迫对油菜籽（Brassica napus）的产量构成了重大威胁。本研究探讨了钙纳米颗粒（Ca-NPs）在缓解干旱胁迫方面的功效，并特别关注了这种抗旱性背后的蛋白质组重编程。生理评估证实，Ca-NP的施用恢复了干旱条件下植物的生长和生物量，这与提高光合效率和增强抗氧化反应有关。通过非侵入性微测试技术（NMT）揭示的一项关键的新发现是，Ca- nps阻止了干旱诱导的细胞Ca 2 +病理渗漏，从而稳定了膜的完整性，并提示了胁迫信号的启动状态。定量蛋白质组学分析（基于tmt）发现了参与中枢代谢过程的关键蛋白丰度的显著变化。具体来说，Ca-NP上调了与碳固定、卟啉和叶绿素代谢以及谷胱甘肽介导的抗氧化途径相关的蛋白质，为Ca-NP处理下油菜籽初级和防御性代谢的重构提供了第一个全面的蛋白质组学证据。此外，加权蛋白共表达网络分析（WGCNA）发现了与改善生理性状密切相关的模块中高度连接的枢纽蛋白，从而精确定位了干旱响应的关键功能成分。这些发现表明，Ca-NPs不仅可以缓解症状，还可以通过加强离子稳态和协调保护性蛋白质组学景观来积极启动油菜籽植物，将其定位为可持续农业的强大纳米启动策略。此外，外源Ca-NPs可以进一步用于油菜籽包衣。将包衣种子应用于油菜籽精密钻播，共同促进油菜籽大规模单产的提高。

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