Plant Stress最新文献_第5页

Nitrogen and melatonin synergistically alleviate drought stress in wheat by enhancing photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and antioxidant defense 氮和褪黑素通过促进小麦光合作用、氮代谢和抗氧化防御协同缓解干旱胁迫

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101175

Jinhui Xie , Yuxuan Liu , Yang Liu , Chuanliu Xie , Xiaotao Hu , Chen Ru

Nitrogen (N) and exogenous melatonin (MT) have been demonstrated to effectively mitigate drought stress. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying their interactive effects on post-anthesis drought responses in wheat remain unclear. This study explored the impacts of N and MT on photosynthesis, plant water relations, antioxidant defense system, N metabolism and remobilization, root architecture, yield, and water and N use efficiency. Compared with drought stress (DS), the co-application of 260 kg N hm^-2 (N2) and 100 µmol·L^-1 MT (M1) markedly increased the leaf photosynthetic rate root vitality, and root hydraulic conductivity. Under N2 conditions, MT treatment further enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase, as well as the contents of proline and betaine, thereby improving antioxidant capacity and cell membrane stability, as evidenced by the lower levels of superoxide anion and malondialdehyde. Additionally, N2 enhanced the regulatory effect of M1 on N metabolism, as evidenced by higher activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and elevated free amino acids content. Compared with DS, N2M1 treatment increased aboveground N accumulation and the contribution of pre-anthesis N translocation to grain N by 30.8% and 11.1%, respectively, resulting in a 20.4% increase in wheat yield. The higher water use efficiency for grain and biomass was mainly attributed to the increased root density and root hydraulic conductivity in the deep soil layer. N use efficiency increased with the rise in MT concentration, particularly under the N1 conditions. Collectively, appropriate N augmentation combined with MT can enhance drought tolerance in wheat, representing a promising cultivation management strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of post-anthesis drought.

氮(N)和外源褪黑素（MT）已被证明能有效缓解干旱胁迫。然而，它们对小麦花后干旱反应交互作用的调控机制尚不清楚。本研究探讨了氮素和MT对光合作用、植物水分关系、抗氧化防御系统、氮素代谢和再动员、根构型、产量以及水氮利用效率的影响。与干旱胁迫（DS）相比，260 kg N hm-2 （N2）和100µmol·L-1 MT （M1）配施显著提高了叶片光合速率、根系活力和根系导水性。在N2条件下，MT处理进一步提高了超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶的活性，以及脯氨酸和甜菜碱的含量，从而提高了抗氧化能力和细胞膜稳定性，表现为超氧化物阴离子和丙二醛水平降低。N2增强了M1对氮代谢的调控作用，硝酸盐还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶活性提高，游离氨基酸含量升高。与DS相比，N2M1处理使小麦地上氮素积累量和花前氮素转运对籽粒氮素的贡献分别提高30.8%和11.1%，产量提高20.4%。粮食和生物量水分利用效率的提高主要是由于深层根系密度和根系导水率的提高。氮素利用效率随着MT浓度的增加而增加，特别是在N1条件下。综上所述，适当的施氮与机栽相结合可以提高小麦的抗旱性，是缓解花后干旱不利影响的一种有前景的栽培管理策略。

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引用次数: 0

Phytohormonal regulation of photosynthesis in response to light stress 光胁迫下植物激素对光合作用的调节

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101169

Saeedeh Zarbakhsh , Sasan Aliniaeifard , Sahar Azizi , Yuqi Zhang , Nazim S. Gruda

Light is essential for photosynthesis, but both high and low irradiance disturb the balance between energy absorption and utilization, leading to photoinhibition, oxidative stress, and reduced productivity. Plants mitigate these challenges through phytohormonal regulation that coordinates chloroplast activity, redox homeostasis, and transcriptional adjustment. Although often overlooked compared to drought or salinity, light stress is a critical abiotic factor that directly limits photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield. This review synthesizes current advances in understanding how phytohormones including, auxins, cytokinins (CKs), gibberellins (GAs), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), brassinosteroids (BRs), ethylene, and strigolactones (SLs) modulate photosynthesis and photoprotection under high- and low-light stress. Under high light, ABA and JA enhance antioxidant defenses, non-photochemical quenching, and anthocyanin accumulation, while CKs help maintain photosynthetic efficiency through chloroplast development and PSII repair. Under low light, GAs and auxins promote stem elongation and leaf expansion to optimize light capture, BRs enhance chlorophyll synthesis and carbon metabolism, and ethylene with ABA regulate leaf angle and shoot–root balance. These phytohormonal responses are integrated by transcriptional networks, chromatin modifications, and small RNA pathways, enabling both short-term protection and long-term acclimation. Future research should focus on phytohormone–epigenome interactions, phytohormone–miRNA crosstalk, and cell-specific responses. Linking mechanistic knowledge with breeding and management will enable strategies to enhance photosynthetic efficiency and resilience under variable light conditions by climate change.

光对光合作用至关重要，但高辐照度和低辐照度都会破坏能量吸收和利用之间的平衡，导致光抑制、氧化应激和生产力降低。植物通过协调叶绿体活性、氧化还原稳态和转录调节的植物激素调节来缓解这些挑战。尽管与干旱或盐度相比，光胁迫经常被忽视，但它是直接限制光合效率和作物产量的关键非生物因素。本文综述了植物激素，包括生长素、细胞分裂素（CKs）、赤霉素（GAs）、脱落酸（ABA）、茉莉酸（JA）、水杨酸（SA）、油菜素内酯（BRs）、乙烯和独角酯内酯（SLs）在强光和弱光胁迫下如何调节光合作用和光保护的研究进展。在强光下，ABA和JA增强抗氧化防御、非光化学猝灭和花青素积累，而ck通过叶绿体发育和PSII修复来维持光合效率。在弱光条件下，GAs和生长素促进茎伸长和叶片扩张以优化光捕获，BRs促进叶绿素合成和碳代谢，乙烯和ABA调节叶片角度和茎根平衡。这些植物激素反应通过转录网络、染色质修饰和小RNA途径整合，从而实现短期保护和长期适应。未来的研究应集中在植物激素与表观基因组的相互作用、植物激素与mirna的串扰以及细胞特异性反应等方面。将机械知识与育种和管理联系起来，将使在气候变化的可变光照条件下提高光合效率和恢复力的策略成为可能。

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引用次数: 0

Dual functionality of Peribacillus frigoritolerans in methane mitigation and rice immunity 低温芽孢杆菌在甲烷缓解和水稻免疫中的双重功能

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101174

Hyeonu Yang , Seonghan Jang , Su Yeon Lee , Sung-Hyun Park , Seung-Goo Lee , Dajeong Kim , Choong-Min Ryu

Methane released from rice paddy soils is a major contributor to anthropogenic greenhouse gas accumulation, which accelerates global warming. In paddy soils, anaerobic methanogenic archaea produce methane that is simultaneously oxidized by methanotrophic bacteria. The unoxidized methane is released into the atmosphere through aerenchyma channels of rice. Since controlling the abundance and activity of methanotrophs in soils remains technically challenging, we aimed to identify root-colonizing heterotrophic bacteria that increase the growth of methanotrophs to mitigate methane emission. The screening of 960 aerobic and 960 anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria depending on colony morphology identified Peribacillus frigoritolerans AE95 as a rhizobacterium promoting the growth of methanotroph in vitro and reducing methane emission by up to 66.8 % when applied to the rice root system in vivo. Genome-scale metabolic modelling predicted that l-alanine as a key growth-supporting metabolite secreted by P. frigoritolerans AE95, which was experimentally validated to enhance Methylococcus geothermalis and Methylocystis parvus proliferation. In addition to methane mitigation, P. frigoritolerans and l-alanine supplementation elicited rice innate immunity against a bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Our findings indicate that the rhizosphere heterotroph P. frigoritolerans AE95 possesses dual functionality, contributing to both methane mitigation and the enhancement of plant immunity.

稻田土壤释放的甲烷是人为温室气体积累的主要因素，而温室气体积累加速了全球变暖。在水稻土中，厌氧产甲烷古菌产生的甲烷同时被产甲烷的细菌氧化。未氧化的甲烷通过水稻的通气通道释放到大气中。由于控制土壤中甲烷氧化菌的丰度和活性在技术上仍然具有挑战性，因此我们的目标是鉴定能够促进甲烷氧化菌生长以减少甲烷排放的根定殖异养细菌。根据菌落形态对960个好氧异养菌和960个厌氧异养菌进行了筛选，结果表明，冷冻周芽孢杆菌AE95是一种在体外促进甲烷营养菌生长的根瘤菌，在体内应用于水稻根系时，甲烷排放量可减少66.8%。基因组尺度的代谢模型预测，l-丙氨酸是P. frigoritolerans AE95分泌的一种关键的促生长代谢物，并通过实验验证了其促进地热甲基球菌（Methylococcus geoothermalis）和小甲基藻（Methylocystis parvus）增殖的作用。除了减少甲烷，补充冷鲜霉和l-丙氨酸还能激发水稻对细菌病原体米黄单胞菌的先天免疫。oryzae。我们的研究结果表明，根际异养菌P. frigoritolerans AE95具有双重功能，既有助于减少甲烷，又有助于提高植物免疫力。

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引用次数: 0

Melanoidins promote plant disease resistance, immunity and growth, through the salicylic acid pathway 类黑素通过水杨酸途径促进植物抗病、免疫和生长

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101173

Yigal Elad , Ellen R. Graber , Rupali Gupta , Dalia Rav-David , Meirav Leibman-Markus , Amit Kumar-Jaiswal , Noa Sela , Ludmila Tsechansky , Anat Schneider , Maya Bar

Environmental ramifications of the continued use of chemical pesticides have increased the need to identify non-toxic, naturally occurring substances that can serve as environmentally friendly disease control. Following pathogen infection, plants can develop enhanced resistance to further attack. This is known as induced resistance. Induced resistance is broadly divided into systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR). SAR generally relies on salicylic acid (SA), is commonly triggered by local infection, and can provide long-term resistance to subsequent infection. ISR is often described as being initiated by beneficial soilborne microorganisms, and as being regulated by jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET). Inducers can be chemical or biological, and usually they operate by activating systemic immunity. Among the natural inducers are biochar and humic substances, which have established positive effects on plant disease resistance and plant growth. Melanoidins, macromolecular products of the Maillard reaction, were long ago hypothesized to be amongst the building blocks of humic substances. However, to date, no information has been available regarding the specific effects of melanoidins on plant growth or disease resistance. Here, we examined the potential of melanoidins to induce disease resistance and growth. We found that melanoidins promoted cellular immunity and disease resistance against Botrytis cinerea at a level comparable to other natural inducers. Using transcriptomics and genetic defense mutants, we observed that melanoidins promote immunity and disease resistance through a swift and transient effect on the transcriptome, primarily through the salicylic acid pathway. Our results support the notion that melanoidins can find use as naturally derived disease control and growth promoting agents, and could potentially be combined with JA elicitors, to maximize the plant immune response.

由于继续使用化学农药对环境造成的影响，更需要查明可以作为环境友好型疾病控制手段的无毒天然物质。在病原体感染后，植物可以增强对进一步攻击的抵抗力。这就是所谓的诱导抗性。诱导耐药大致分为系统性获得性耐药（SAR）和诱导系统性耐药（ISR）。SAR通常依赖于水杨酸（SA），通常由局部感染引发，并可对后续感染提供长期抵抗。ISR通常被描述为由有益的土壤微生物发起，并由茉莉酸（JA）和乙烯（ET）调节。诱导剂可以是化学的或生物的，通常它们通过激活全身免疫来起作用。天然诱导剂中有生物炭和腐殖质物质，它们对植物的抗病和生长都有积极的作用。类黑素是美拉德反应的大分子产物，很久以前就被假设为腐殖质物质的组成部分之一。然而，到目前为止，还没有关于类黑素对植物生长或抗病性的具体影响的信息。在这里，我们研究了类黑素诱导抗病和生长的潜力。我们发现，类黑素在与其他天然诱导剂相当的水平上促进了对灰霉病的细胞免疫和抗病能力。利用转录组学和遗传防御突变体，我们观察到类黑素通过对转录组的快速和短暂的影响，主要通过水杨酸途径，促进免疫和疾病抵抗。我们的研究结果支持了这样一种观点，即类黑素可以作为自然衍生的疾病控制和生长促进剂，并可能与JA激发子结合使用，以最大限度地提高植物的免疫反应。

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引用次数: 0

Research on the regulation mechanism of salt tolerance in wheat 小麦耐盐性调控机制的研究

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101172

Tengteng Zhang , Mei Jin , Yi Ding , Chaoran Wang , Kaiyue Wang , Qingqing Qi, Yue Cui, Lin Guo, Xigang Liu, Hao Zhang

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important staple crop in the world, and salinity-alkalinity stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that limit wheat production, especially under climate change and seawater intrusion. As a key staple crop, wheat exhibits relatively low salt tolerance, making the improvement of its salt tolerance an urgent task. The ion toxicity induced by salt stress is primarily caused by the excessive accumulation of Na⁺ and Cl^-, and depletion of K⁺, resulting in the disruption of ion balance. Na⁺ is the most abundant soluble cation in saline soils, which can cause damage to plants through osmotic stress and is accompanied by ionic toxicity. Under salt stress conditions, Na⁺ diffuses with water to plant roots and then is transported upward to stem tissues through transpiration. When the salt concentration in the soil exceeds the plant's tolerance threshold, the translocation of excess Na⁺ from the roots to the stem leads to the accumulation of Na⁺ in the leaves or other photosynthetic tissues. This accumulation adversely affects crops by inhibiting photosynthesis, damaging cell membrane permeability, and disrupting protein synthesis, ultimately reducing yield. Therefore, identifying genes associated with salt tolerance is a crucial prerequisite for the breeding of salt-tolerant wheat varieties. In this paper, we reviewed most of the studies on wheat salt-alkali tolerance conducted in the past five years, focusing on the multi-level inhibitory effects of salt stress on wheat growth and development, including osmotic imbalance, ion toxicity, and oxidative damage; physiological adaptation strategies for wheat salt tolerance (ion compartmentalization, osmotic regulation, reactive oxygen species scavenging); and key molecular regulatory networks (such as SOS, HKT gene families). It also discusses the application progress of modern breeding technologies, including molecular marker-assisted selection, genome editing, and multi-omics integration, in the development of salt-tolerant wheat varieties. Furthermore, the article explores emerging research directions such as multi-omics analysis and microbiome interactions, providing theoretical basis for breaking through the bottleneck of salt-tolerant breeding.

小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）是世界上重要的主粮作物，盐碱胁迫是限制小麦产量的主要非生物胁迫之一，特别是在气候变化和海水入侵的情况下。小麦作为我国重要的主粮作物，耐盐性较低，提高其耐盐性是当务之急。盐胁迫引起的离子毒性主要是由于Na+和Cl-的过量积累和K+的耗竭，导致离子平衡被破坏。Na+是盐渍土中含量最多的可溶性阳离子，可通过渗透胁迫对植物造成伤害，并伴有离子毒性。在盐胁迫条件下，Na+随水扩散到植物根部，再通过蒸腾作用向上输送到茎组织。当土壤中的盐浓度超过植物的耐受阈值时，过量的Na+从根部转运到茎部，导致Na+在叶片或其他光合组织中积累。这种积累通过抑制光合作用、破坏细胞膜通透性和破坏蛋白质合成对作物产生不利影响，最终降低产量。因此，鉴定耐盐相关基因是选育耐盐小麦品种的重要前提。本文综述了近5年来有关小麦耐盐碱性的研究进展，重点阐述了盐胁迫对小麦生长发育的多重抑制作用，包括渗透失衡、离子毒性、氧化损伤等；小麦耐盐生理适应策略（离子区隔化、渗透调节、活性氧清除）以及关键的分子调控网络（如SOS、HKT基因家族）。综述了分子标记辅助选择、基因组编辑、多组学整合等现代育种技术在耐盐小麦品种选育中的应用进展。并探讨了多组学分析、微生物组相互作用等新兴研究方向，为突破耐盐育种瓶颈提供理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Cultivating resilience from the ocean to the field: Leveraging seaweed biostimulants for sustainable and efficient farming systems 培养从海洋到田间的复原力：利用海藻生物刺激剂促进可持续和高效的农业系统

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101170

Mostafa Abdelkader , Axay Bhuker , Anurag Malik , Himani Punia , Apurva Koul , Meraj Ahmed , Ayman M.S. Elshamly , Rashid Iqbal , Saltanat Aghayeva , Sajid Ullah

The global agricultural sector grapples with the pressing need to enhance food production to meet the demands of a growing population, all while striving to mitigate environmental consequences. This review article explores seaweed biostimulants' possibility to substantially enhance crop productivity, particularly under diverse and challenging growth conditions. With a burgeoning global population and mounting concerns over environmental impact and resource efficiency, the demand for sustainable agricultural practices has never been more urgent. Biostimulant-based seaweeds have garnered substantial attention for their remarkable influence on seed quality, seedling establishment, and overall plant development. Seaweeds exhibit significant potential in mitigating abiotic and biotic stresses, two major impediments to crop growth and yield. These biostimulants have proven their mettle in mitigating abiotic stressors by improving the plant's ability to absorb water, activate critical enzymes, and bolster cellular repair and growth processes. Seaweeds contain hormone-like substances that organize hormonal balance, facilitating robust root and shoot development and overall plant growth. Seaweed helps boost nutrient uptake and utilization, which plays a vital role in healthy plant growth. Enhancing nutrient absorption in seeds supports stronger overall crop performance. Ongoing research, backed by regulations, has fueled advancements in biostimulant development. Important aspects such as crop-specific requirements, extraction methods, and integrating macro- and micronutrients are key to expanding their use while ensuring safety and effectiveness. As environmental challenges grow, seaweed is proving to be a sustainable and innovative option with the potential to build more resilient and eco-friendly farming systems.

全球农业部门正在努力应对提高粮食产量以满足不断增长的人口需求的迫切需要，同时努力减轻环境后果。这篇综述文章探讨了海藻生物刺激素大幅提高作物生产力的可能性，特别是在多样化和具有挑战性的生长条件下。随着全球人口的迅速增长以及对环境影响和资源效率的日益关注，对可持续农业实践的需求从未像现在这样迫切。基于生物刺激素的海藻因其对种子质量、幼苗建立和整体植物发育的显著影响而受到广泛关注。海藻在缓解非生物和生物胁迫方面显示出巨大的潜力，这是作物生长和产量的两大障碍。这些生物刺激剂通过提高植物吸收水分的能力，激活关键酶，促进细胞修复和生长过程，证明了它们在减轻非生物压力方面的能力。海藻含有激素样物质，可以调节激素平衡，促进根和芽的健康发育和植物的整体生长。海藻有助于促进养分的吸收和利用，这对植物的健康生长起着至关重要的作用。提高种子的营养吸收有助于提高作物的整体生产性能。在法规的支持下，正在进行的研究推动了生物刺激素开发的进步。诸如特定作物需求、提取方法以及宏量和微量营养素的整合等重要方面是扩大其使用同时确保安全和有效性的关键。随着环境挑战的增长，事实证明，海藻是一种可持续和创新的选择，有可能建立更具弹性和生态友好的农业系统。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular and genetic innovations: Breaking barriers in Solanaceae stress resilience 分子和基因的创新：打破茄科植物抗逆性的障碍

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101171

Ikram Ullah , Altaf Hussain , Syed Sohail Ahmad , Satyabrata Nanda , Ashim Kumar Das , Sajeel Hussain , Muhammad Amir Zia , Aqleem Abbas , Adil Hussain , Chen Rugang

Horticultural crops belonging to the Solanaceae family play an immense role in addressing global food security demands, particularly in response to abrupt climate change driven by overpopulation and, to some extent, resource limitations. In this regard, exploring the integrated effects of crop genomics and molecular breeding techniques is crucial for developing climate-resilient varieties with high yields and productivity. The primary focus of this review is to highlight the innovative approaches, current status, and prospects of Solanaceae crops in strengthening their functional genomics foundation with scientific evidence. Herein, we discuss the underlying science of genomic resources, including diverse genotypes, reference genomes, omics tools, and molecular breeding strategies for selecting the most suitable genomes and implementing genome editing in horticultural crops. The application of these strategies in Solanaceae crops can facilitate the development of novel varieties with desirable traits such as disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and improved nutritional quality. Moreover, we emphasize the functional role of big data analysis, artificial intelligence, and systems biology in harnessing key genomic data from horticultural crops. The review also explores emerging trends and future perspectives on Solanaceaecrops, focusing on translating genomic discoveries into high-yielding varieties. The sustainable enhancement of such varieties featuring climate resilience and disease resistance, will be vital in ensuring food safety and security for an increasingly populated world.

属于茄科的园艺作物在解决全球粮食安全需求方面发挥着巨大作用，特别是在应对人口过剩和某种程度上的资源限制导致的气候突变方面。因此，探索作物基因组学和分子育种技术的综合效应对于培育高产高产的气候适应型品种至关重要。本文重点介绍了茄科作物功能基因组学研究的创新方法、研究现状及发展前景。在此，我们讨论了基因组资源的基础科学，包括不同的基因型、参考基因组、组学工具和分子育种策略，以选择最合适的基因组并在园艺作物中实施基因组编辑。这些策略在茄科作物上的应用，有助于培育出具有抗病、抗非生物胁迫和提高营养品质等优良性状的新品种。此外，我们强调大数据分析、人工智能和系统生物学在利用园艺作物关键基因组数据方面的功能作用。这篇综述还探讨了茄科作物的新趋势和未来前景，重点是将基因组发现转化为高产品种。可持续地增强这些具有气候适应能力和抗病能力的品种，对于确保人口日益增长的世界的食品安全和保障至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Seed treatment with acidified water improving rice seedling emergence under flooding stress through oxidative damage mitigation and energy supply maintenance 酸化水处理种子通过减轻氧化损伤和维持能量供应改善水涝胁迫下水稻出苗率

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101168

Junlin Zhu , Yi Tao , Wenli Liao , Chang Ye , Yanan Xu , Deshun Xiao , Kai Yu , Yuanhui Liu , Chunmei Xu , Guang Chu , Danying Wang

Flooding stress is the primary adverse condition during seedling establishment in direct-seeded rice systems. This study investigated seed treatment with acidified water as a strategy to enhance seedling emergence and flood tolerance under flooding stress, while elucidating the underlying physiological mechanisms. Using rice varieties Yangdao6 (YD6) and Yongyou1540 (YY1540), seeds were pretreated with three acids (AcOH, HCl, H₂SO₄) at six pH gradients, and seedling emergence rate, seedling phenotype, and associated parameters related to sugar metabolism and antioxidant defense were analyzed. The results showed that flooding stress severely suppressed rice seedling emergence, while acid-treatment effectively mitigated this inhibition, with pH 3.25-3.5 proving most efficacious. Under optimal conditions, the seedling emergence rate of YD6 exceeded CK (tap water treatment) by 44.00%–53.33%. Analysis of the physiological mechanisms revealed that acid-treatment ensured adequate energy provision for seedling development by significantly enhanced pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in the alcohol fermentation pathway, simultaneously suppressing alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity to reduce toxic lactic acid accumulation and associated cellular damage. Additionally, acid-treatment effectively scavenges excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated under flooding stress by significantly increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities, reducing lipid peroxidation damage, and preserving cellular integrity. In conclusion, seed treatment with acidified water at optimal pH 3.25-3.5 effectively enhances seedling emergence under flooding stress by coordinating anaerobic respiration metabolism and the antioxidant system, providing a practical approach for enhancing seedling establishment in direct-seeded rice production.

水淹胁迫是水稻直播育苗过程中的主要不利条件。本研究探讨了酸化水处理种子在洪水胁迫下提高幼苗出苗率和抗洪能力的策略，并阐明了潜在的生理机制。以水稻品种扬稻6号（YD6）和永优1540 （YY1540）为研究材料，采用AcOH、HCl、H2SO4等3种酸在6种pH梯度下对种子进行预处理，分析幼苗出苗率、幼苗表型以及糖代谢和抗氧化防御相关参数。结果表明，水淹胁迫严重抑制水稻出苗，而酸处理能有效缓解这种抑制作用，其中pH值为3.25 ~ 3.5的处理效果最好。在最优条件下，YD6的出苗率比CK（自来水处理）高出44.00% ~ 53.33%。生理机制分析表明，酸处理通过显著提高乙醇发酵途径的丙酮酸脱羧酶（PDC）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性，同时抑制乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）活性，减少毒性乳酸积累和相关的细胞损伤，为幼苗的发育提供充足的能量。此外，酸处理通过显著提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性，减少脂质过氧化损伤，保持细胞完整性，有效清除洪水胁迫下产生的过量活性氧（ROS）。综上所述，在最适pH为3.25 ~ 3.5的酸化水处理下，通过协调厌氧呼吸代谢和抗氧化系统，可以有效促进水稻在淹水胁迫下的出苗，为水稻直播生产中促进成苗提供了切实可行的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Hormetic effects of TiO₂ nanoparticles on basil callus cultures: From growth elicitation to oxidative stress 纳米tio2对罗勒愈伤组织培养的激发效应：从生长诱导到氧化应激

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101167

Sanaz Feizi , Morteza Kosari Nasab , Mojtaba Amini , Ali Movafeghi , Pedro Pablo Gallego , M. Esther Barreal

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) are emerging as potent modulators of plant metabolic processes, yet their dose-dependent effects on plant tissue culture systems remain underexplored. This study investigates the physiological and biochemical responses of Ocimum basilicum callus cultures to a range of TiO₂ NP concentrations (5–200 mg L⁻¹). The synthesized NPs were characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM to confirm their anatase crystalline structure and morphology. The results reveal a dose-dependent hormetic effect: lower concentrations (20–30 mg L⁻¹) significantly enhanced biomass accumulation, total phenolic content (by 60 %), flavonoid content (by 27 %), and peroxidase (POD) activity. The lowest dose (5 mg L⁻¹) induced an early metabolic priming response, characterized by the accumulation of rosmarinic and vanillic acids. Conversely, higher concentrations (≥80 mg L⁻¹) induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). HPLC-MS/MS analyses highlighted a selective and dose-dependent metabolic reprogramming, shifting from early priming to the targeted production of hydroxybenzoic acids at toxic levels of TiO₂ NPs. These findings provide novel insights into the dual role of TiO₂ NPs, acting as growth promoters at low concentrations and stress inducers at higher levels. The study demonstrates that TiO₂ NPs exposure simultaneously modulates antioxidant mechanisms and specialized metabolism in basil callus culture, thereby broadening our insight into how NPs can be utilized in ecological and industrial applications.

二氧化钛纳米颗粒（tio2nps）作为植物代谢过程的有效调节剂正在兴起，但其对植物组织培养系统的剂量依赖性效应仍未得到充分研究。本研究探讨了basilicum愈伤组织培养对TiO 2 NP浓度（5-200 mg L - 1）的生理生化反应。利用XRD、FTIR和SEM对合成的NPs进行了表征，确定了其锐钛矿晶体结构和形貌。结果显示出剂量依赖性的效应：较低浓度（20-30 mg L - 1）显著增加生物量积累，总酚含量（增加60%），类黄酮含量（增加27%）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性。最低剂量（5mg L - 1）诱发了早期代谢启动反应，其特征是迷迭香酸和香草酸的积累。相反，更高的浓度（≥80 mg L - 1）会引起氧化应激，如超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）的活性增加。HPLC-MS/MS分析强调了选择性和剂量依赖性的代谢重编程，从早期启动到靶向生产有毒水平的TiO2 NPs羟基苯甲酸。这些发现为TiO₂NPs的双重作用提供了新的见解，在低浓度下作为生长促进剂，在高水平上作为应激诱导剂。该研究表明，TiO2 NPs暴露可同时调节罗勒愈伤组织培养的抗氧化机制和特殊代谢，从而拓宽了我们对NPs如何在生态和工业应用中的应用的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Heavy metal transmembrane transporter CaNRAMP3 enhances cadmium accumulation in pepper fruit 重金属跨膜转运体CaNRAMP3促进辣椒果实镉积累

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101165

He Huang , Xiaodong Li , Kun Lu , Weihong Xu

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits is a significant concern in China, limiting the sustainability of pepper production. To identify key genetic loci for Cd accumulation, we performed a combined transcriptome sequencing analysis with selective sweep detection in pepper cultivars with high and low levels of fruit Cd accumulation. In this study, we identified CaNRAMP3 (LOC107860226), a natural resistance-associated macrophage protein gene. CaNRAMP3 functions as an influx transporter at the plasma membrane, bringing Cd²⁺ into the cytosol of fruit cells, thereby contributing to Cd accumulation. Haplotype analysis discovered two SNP sites in the promoter of CaNRAMP3, which could be categorized into five distinct haplotypes across 186 pepper populations. The Hap3 (double reference genotype) was a key marker for the phenotype of low Cd accumulation in pepper fruits. Furthermore, following the silencing of CaNRAMP3 in pepper, the Cd content in the fruits was reduced by 50.90 %. Collectively, our findings not only establish a theoretical foundation for the development of pepper varieties with reduced Cd accumulation but also identify potential molecular targets for breeding applications.

辣椒果实中镉（Cd）污染严重，限制了辣椒生产的可持续性。为了确定Cd积累的关键遗传位点，我们对果实Cd积累水平高和低的辣椒品种进行了转录组测序分析和选择性扫描检测。在这项研究中，我们发现了CaNRAMP3 (LOC107860226)，一个天然的耐药相关巨噬细胞蛋白基因。CaNRAMP3作为质膜上的内流转运体，将Cd2+带入果细胞的细胞质中，从而促进Cd的积累。单倍型分析在CaNRAMP3启动子中发现了两个SNP位点，在186个辣椒群体中可将其划分为5个不同的单倍型。Hap3（双参考基因型）是辣椒果实低Cd积累表型的关键标记。此外，CaNRAMP3基因沉默后，辣椒果实中Cd含量降低了50.90%。本研究结果不仅为开发低Cd积累辣椒品种奠定了理论基础，而且为育种应用确定了潜在的分子靶点。

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引用次数: 0