Plant Stress最新文献_第3页

OsVIRK1 functions with OsbZIP39 to fine-tune rice defense against rice stripe virus OsVIRK1与OsbZIP39共同调控水稻对水稻条纹病毒的防御

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101255

Yawen Liu , Huacai Wang , Mengting Zhang , Rongxiang Fang , Yongsheng Yan

Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) play pivotal regulatory roles in the interactions between pathogens and plants. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still not fully understood. The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a critical role in plant–virus interactions by either promoting or restricting infection. It is unclear how CRKs coordinate with the UPR to regulate the plant's response to viral infection. OsVIRK1, an RSV-induced CRK, defends rice against rice stripe virus (RSV) infection by interacting with RSV CP (coat protein) and activating CP-triggered defense genes. OsbZIP39 is a UPR sensor that regulates UPR-activated genes. In this study, we demonstrate that OsVIRK1 interacts with OsbZIP39 and promotes its stability during RSV infection. The osbzip39 mutant is more susceptible to RSV, involving a reduction in the expression of UPR genes and CP-triggered antiviral defense gene. This suggests that OsVIRK1 functions with OsbZIP39 to promote rice resistance to RSV. Interestingly, OsbZIP39 can strongly inhibit the interaction of OsVIRK1 with CP. Overexpression of OsbZIP39 promotes RSV infection and the expression of UPR genes, indicating that OsbZIP39 plays a role in fine-tuning OsVIRK1 function. Our study reveals the mechanism by which OsVIRK1/OsbZIP39 mediates antiviral defense, and establishes that the UPR sensor OsbZIP39 plays a dual role in the interaction between rice and RSV.

富含半胱氨酸的受体样激酶（CRKs）在病原体与植物的相互作用中起着关键的调节作用。然而，潜在的监管机制仍未完全了解。未折叠蛋白反应（UPR）在植物与病毒相互作用中起着促进或限制感染的关键作用。目前尚不清楚CRKs如何与UPR协调来调节植物对病毒感染的反应。OsVIRK1是一种RSV诱导的CRK，通过与RSV CP（外壳蛋白）相互作用并激活CP触发的防御基因来防御水稻对RSV的感染。OsbZIP39是一种调节UPR激活基因的UPR传感器。在这项研究中，我们证明OsVIRK1与OsbZIP39相互作用，并促进其在RSV感染期间的稳定性。osbzip39突变体更容易感染RSV，涉及UPR基因和cp触发的抗病毒防御基因的表达减少。这表明OsVIRK1与OsbZIP39一起作用，促进水稻对RSV的抗性。有趣的是，OsbZIP39可以强烈抑制OsVIRK1与CP的相互作用，过表达OsbZIP39可促进RSV感染和UPR基因的表达，表明OsbZIP39在微调OsVIRK1功能中发挥作用。我们的研究揭示了OsVIRK1/OsbZIP39介导抗病毒防御的机制，并确定了UPR传感器OsbZIP39在水稻与RSV相互作用中起双重作用。

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引用次数: 0

Bacillus cooperated with silicon mediating antioxidant enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidants and osmotic adjustment substances metabolism to mitigate oxidative damage of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. exposed to salt and drought stress 芽孢杆菌与硅介导的抗氧化酶、非酶抗氧化剂和渗透调节物质代谢协同作用，减轻了甘草的氧化损伤。暴露在盐和干旱的压力下

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101258

Xiangjuan Yu , Yufeng Wang , Yi Li , Duoyong Lang , Xueying Peng , Xinhui Zhang

Salt and drought as major abiotic stresses often co-occur in the natural environment, which significantly hinders crop productivity mainly due to oxidative damage. Antioxidant systems play a crucial role in enabling plants to resist abiotic stress. Our previous research found that Bacillus G2+G5 (Bs) combined with silicon (Si) alleviated the adverse effect of salt-drought stress on Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (G. uralensis) through modulating oxidative stress. This study, through physiological and biochemical measurements, as well as transcriptome analysis, explores the regulatory mechanism of Bs combined with Si (BsSi) alleviating the oxidative damage caused by salt-drought stress on G. uralensis. The results showed that BsSi enhanced the antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, optimized the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and sugar metabolism, up-regulated the expression of genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and ζ-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO) related to flavonoids and carotenoids synthesis, thereby directly enhancing the scavenging rate of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion (O₂⁻·), and reducing the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Meanwhile, BsSi up-regulated fatty acid metabolism-related genes such as long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (LACS) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), promoted the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances (including proline, γ-aminobutyric acid, betaine, and polyamines), maintained cell membrane stability and osmotic balance, thereby indirectly inhibiting ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation. This study provides a new perspective for elucidating the mechanism of PGPB and Si synergistically regulating plant oxidative stress, and lays a theoretical foundation for studying the mechanism of plant salt tolerance and drought resistance.

盐和干旱作为主要的非生物胁迫，在自然环境中经常同时发生，这主要是由于氧化损伤而严重阻碍了作物的生产力。抗氧化系统在使植物抵抗非生物胁迫中起着至关重要的作用。本课题组前期研究发现芽孢杆菌G2+G5 （Bs）与硅（Si）结合，通过调节氧化应激，缓解盐旱胁迫对甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch）的不利影响。本研究通过生理生化测量和转录组分析，探讨Bs + Si （BsSi）缓解盐旱胁迫对乌拉尔稻氧化损伤的调控机制。结果表明，BsSi增强了过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）活性，优化了抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽（AsA-GSH）循环和糖代谢，上调了与类黄酮和类胡萝卜素合成相关的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、查尔酮合成酶（CHS）和ζ-胡萝卜素异构酶（Z-ISO）基因的表达，从而直接提高了过氧化氢（H2O2）和超氧阴离子（O2−·）的清除率；并减少丙二醛（MDA）的积累。同时，BsSi上调长链酰基辅酶a合成酶（LACS）、醛脱氢酶（ALDH）等脂肪酸代谢相关基因，促进脯氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、甜菜碱、多胺等渗透调节物质的积累，维持细胞膜稳定性和渗透平衡，从而间接抑制ROS积累和脂质过氧化。本研究为阐明PGPB和Si协同调控植物氧化胁迫的机制提供了新的视角，为研究植物耐盐抗旱机制奠定了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Piriformospora indica volatile organic compounds enhance Arabidopsis root growth by modulating iron deficiency responses via a NO-regulated pathway Piriformospora indica挥发性有机化合物通过no调控途径调节铁缺乏反应，促进拟南芥根系生长

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101259

Pin-Jie Huang , Chiao-Wen Huang , Zhen-Rong Cai , Yu-Zhen Chen , Hieng-Ming Ting , Yao-Cheng Lin , Wei-Chao Lin , Masaru Ohme-Takagi , Dewi Sukma , Chiu-Ping Cheng , Shu-Jen Wang , Kai-Wun Yeh , Ming-Tsair Chan

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by microbes can influence plant growth positively or negatively. This study investigated the mechanism by which Piriformospora indica VOCs promote root growth in Arabidopsis. Gene expression changes in Arabidopsis exposed to P. indica VOCs were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Additionally, nitric oxide (NO) and iron-deficiency mutants were employed to explore pathways involved in lateral root development, complemented by gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (GC-QTOF) for VOC detection. P. indica VOCs significantly upregulated iron deficiency response genes, which are crucial for lateral root growth. Furthermore, two novel VOCs released by P. indica were identified within this system. The results thus showed that the observed root growth enhancement occurs through a nitric oxide-regulated pathway, emphasizing the interplay between microbial VOCs and plant physiological responses. In conclusion, P. indica VOCs promote lateral root development by activating iron deficiency responses via an NO-dependent mechanism. These findings provide valuable insights into plant-microbe interactions and suggest opportunities for improving crop growth and agricultural productivity through microbial applications.

微生物释放的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）对植物生长有积极或消极的影响。本研究探讨了拟南芥中Piriformospora indica挥发性有机化合物促进根系生长的机制。采用实时荧光定量PCR （qRT-PCR）技术分析了暴露于籼稻VOCs的拟南芥基因表达变化。此外，利用一氧化氮（NO）和缺铁突变体探索侧根发育的途径，并辅以气相色谱-四极杆飞行时间（GC-QTOF）检测VOC。籼稻VOCs显著上调铁缺乏反应基因，这对侧根生长至关重要。此外，在该系统中还鉴定出了两种新的挥发性有机化合物。结果表明，植物根系生长增强是通过一氧化氮调控的途径发生的，强调了微生物VOCs与植物生理反应之间的相互作用。综上所述，籼稻VOCs通过no依赖机制激活铁缺乏反应，从而促进侧根发育。这些发现为植物与微生物的相互作用提供了有价值的见解，并为通过微生物应用改善作物生长和农业生产力提供了机会。

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引用次数: 0

miR156 As a central regulator of plant stress adaptation: Molecular networks, hormonal crosstalk, and breeding potential miR156作为植物逆境适应的中心调节因子：分子网络、激素串扰和育种潜力

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101254

Luyue Zhang, Xuyang Du, Yunlong Xing, Baoming Tian, Gongyao Shi, Fang Wei

MicroRNA156 (miR156) is an evolutionarily conserved regulator that plays a pivotal role in plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental stress. In recent years, recent advances have elucidated how miR156 integrates into complex stress‐response networks through its canonical SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like (SPL)‐dependent pathways and emerging SPL‐independent mechanisms. This review synthesizes current knowledge on miR156‐mediated responses to abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, temperature extremes, and heavy metal toxicity, as well as its involvement in biotic stress defense. Particular attention is given to the molecular basis of its action, such as direct regulation of SPL transcription factors, modulation of other target genes, crosstalk with hormone signaling (ABA, GA, JA, and SLs), and synergistic interactions with other miRNAs. We also highlight recent advances in multi‐omics analyses and biotechnological applications, including CRISPR/Cas‐mediated editing of miR156 target sites for stress‐resilient crop breeding. Despite these advances, key challenges remain, notably the incomplete understanding of upstream regulators of miR156 and the scarcity of field‐based validation. Future research integrating single‐cell transcriptomics, spatial transcriptomics, and synthetic biology will help clarify the regulatory complexity of miR156. Bridging these mechanistic insights with crop improvement could establish miR156 manipulation as a key strategy for climate‐resilient agriculture.

MicroRNA156 （miR156）是一种进化保守的调节因子，在植物生长发育和适应环境胁迫中起着关键作用。近年来，最近的进展已经阐明了miR156如何通过其典型的SQUAMOSA启动子结合蛋白样（SPL）依赖途径和新兴的SPL独立机制整合到复杂的应激反应网络中。这篇综述综合了miR156介导的对非生物胁迫的反应，包括干旱、盐度、极端温度和重金属毒性，以及它在生物胁迫防御中的作用。特别关注其作用的分子基础，例如直接调节SPL转录因子，调节其他靶基因，与激素信号（ABA， GA， JA和SLs）的串扰，以及与其他mirna的协同相互作用。我们还重点介绍了多组学分析和生物技术应用的最新进展，包括CRISPR/Cas介导的miR156靶点编辑，用于逆境抗性作物育种。尽管取得了这些进展，但关键的挑战仍然存在，特别是对miR156上游调控因子的理解不完整，以及缺乏基于现场的验证。未来整合单细胞转录组学、空间转录组学和合成生物学的研究将有助于阐明miR156调控的复杂性。将这些机制与作物改良结合起来，可以将miR156的操纵作为气候适应性农业的关键战略。

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引用次数: 0

Hormones, particularly ABA-based signal transduction, play a pivotal role in alleviating photosynthetic inhibition in rice induced by NaHCO3 stress 激素，特别是aba信号转导在缓解NaHCO3胁迫诱导的水稻光合抑制中起着关键作用

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101252

Bo Qin , Tie Li , Wendong Ma , Wenjing Lu , Minglong Sun , Yuanling Zhao , Dongmei Li , Yanjiang Feng

Soil salinization is a major constraint on global rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, threatening both yield and grain quality. To clarify the molecular and physiological basis of rice tolerance to saline–alkaline stress, we compared two contrasting cultivars: the tolerant Qijing 10 (QJ10) and the sensitive Longjing 31 (LJ31). Plants were subjected to 250 mmol·L^-1 NaHCO₃ stress, and their physiological responses and transcriptomic profiles were comprehensively analyzed. QJ10 exhibited markedly greater tolerance than LJ31, as indicated by higher photosynthetic efficiency (smaller decreases in F_v/F_m, PI_total, PI_ABS), reduced oxidative damage (lower accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde), and more stable expression of chlorophyll metabolism-related genes. RNA sequencing and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under NaHCO₃ stress were enriched in photosynthesis and hormone signaling pathways. Activation of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway was strongly associated with stress responses, with PP2C065 (Os07g0646100) identified as a highly connected hub gene potentially associated with enhanced stress tolerance in QJ10. These findings reveal a crucial regulatory module linking photosynthetic stability and hormone-mediated signaling to saline–alkaline tolerance and provide candidate genes for breeding stress-resilient rice varieties.

土壤盐渍化是制约全球水稻生产的主要因素，严重威胁着水稻产量和籽粒品质。为阐明水稻耐盐碱胁迫的分子生理基础，对耐盐碱胁迫的齐粳10号（QJ10）和耐盐碱胁迫的龙井31号（LJ31）进行了比较。研究了250 mmol·L-1 NaHCO3胁迫下植物的生理反应和转录组学特征。与LJ31相比，QJ10表现出更高的光合效率（Fv/Fm、PItotal、PIABS下降幅度较小）、更低的氧化损伤（过氧化氢和丙二醛积累更低）以及更稳定的叶绿素代谢相关基因表达。RNA测序和加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA）显示，NaHCO3胁迫下，光合作用和激素信号通路中差异表达基因（DEGs）富集。脱落酸（ABA）信号通路的激活与胁迫应答密切相关，其中PP2C065 （Os07g0646100）被鉴定为一个高度连接的枢纽基因，可能与QJ10中增强的胁迫耐受性相关。这些发现揭示了光合稳定性和激素介导的信号传导与盐碱耐受性之间的关键调控模块，并为培育抗逆性水稻品种提供了候选基因。

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引用次数: 0

Functional characterization of serotonin N-acetyltransferases from Caenorhabditis elegans and enhanced senescence tolerance in transgenic rice overexpressing CeSNAT1 via melatonin increase 褪黑素增加对秀丽隐杆线虫血清素n -乙酰转移酶功能的影响及对过表达CeSNAT1转基因水稻抗衰老能力的增强

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101251

Kyungjin Lee, Kyoungwhan Back

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a model invertebrate for investigating melatonin function and diverse behaviors. It synthesizes melatonin in a circadian manner, peaking at night; however, the key gene encoding serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) has not been cloned to date. Two archaeal SNAT homologs were identified in the C. elegans genome: CeSNAT1, encoding a 167-amino acid (aa), and CeSNAT2, encoding a 245-aa. Purified recombinant CeSNAT1 exhibited SNAT enzymatic activity toward serotonin (K_m = 782 μM) and 5-methoxytryptamine (K_m = 1413 μM), whereas CeSNAT2 showed no detectable SNAT activity. Heterologous overexpression of CeSNAT1 in rice enhanced melatonin synthesis and delayed senescence in transgenic plants, a phenotype commonly observed in melatonin-rich species. CeSNAT1 homologs were also widely distributed across phylum Nematoda, including the parasitic nematode Anisakis simplex. The A. simplex SNAT (AsSNAT) shared 32 % aa identity with CeSNAT1. Purified recombinant AsSNAT displayed markedly lower K_m values for serotonin (408 μM) and 5-methoxytryptamine (188 μM) compared with CeSNAT1, indicating a substantially higher melatonin biosynthetic capacity in the metabolically reduced parasitic nematode A. simplex than in free-living C. elegans. The de novo identification of SNAT genes in C. elegans and A. simplex paves the way for elucidating the biological roles of melatonin in nematodes from the perspective of SNAT gene regulation.

秀丽隐杆线虫是研究褪黑素功能和多种行为的模型无脊椎动物。它以昼夜节律的方式合成褪黑激素，在晚上达到顶峰；然而，编码5 -羟色胺n -乙酰转移酶（SNAT）的关键基因至今尚未克隆。在线虫基因组中鉴定出两个古细菌SNAT同源物：编码167个氨基酸（aa）的CeSNAT1和编码245个氨基酸（aa）的CeSNAT2。纯化后的重组CeSNAT1对5-羟色胺（Km = 782 μM）和5-甲氧基色胺（Km = 1413 μM）具有SNAT酶活性，而CeSNAT2对SNAT酶活性没有检测到。水稻中异源过表达CeSNAT1可促进褪黑激素合成，延缓转基因植株衰老，这种表型在富含褪黑激素的物种中普遍存在。CeSNAT1的同源物也广泛分布于线虫门，包括单纯异尖线虫。A. simplex SNAT （AsSNAT）与CeSNAT1具有32%的同源性。与CeSNAT1相比，纯化的重组AsSNAT对血清素（408 μM）和5-甲氧基色胺（188 μM）的Km值明显降低，这表明在代谢减少的单纯线虫中，其褪黑素的生物合成能力明显高于自由生活的线虫。SNAT基因在秀丽隐杆线虫和单纯单胞线虫中的重新鉴定，为从SNAT基因调控的角度阐明褪黑素在线虫中的生物学作用铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Mycorrhiza, water stress, and rootstock–scion combinations shape plant physiological traits and gene expression in grapevine 菌根、水分胁迫和砧木接穗组合影响葡萄植株的生理性状和基因表达

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101246

Antoine Sportès , Pauline Bruyant , Célien Durney , Louise Védrenne , Noureddine EL Mjiyad , Sophie Trouvelot , Daniel Wipf , Pierre Emmanuel Courty

Rootstock–scion combination and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are key determinants of grapevine performance under water deficit, but their combined influence on stress responses remains insufficiently understood. Four grafted grapevine combinations (Pinot Noir and Chardonnay grafted onto SO4 or 1103P) were grown under well-watered (WW) or water stress (WS) conditions, with (+Myc) or without (-Myc) inoculation by Rhizophagus irregularis. Physiological traits (biomass, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll, carbohydrates, proline) and root transcriptomes of both grapevine and AMF (intraradical) were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Physiological traits were mainly influenced by AMF inoculation and irrigation, whereas transcriptomic variation was driven by rootstock genotype and water regime. Mycorrhizal plants showed higher chlorophyll content and osmoprotectant accumulation, consistent with improved water-use efficiency. Correlation analyses revealed strong associations between gene expression and physiological parameters, indicating coordinated regulation of carbon allocation and photosynthetic balance under mycorrhization and water stress. Under WS, 1103P maintained root biomass, while SO4 promoted higher shoot growth under WW. Transcriptomic responses were genotype dependent: intraradical R. irregularis showed greater intraradical transcriptional activity in SO4 combinations, while grapevine roots displayed stronger reprogramming in SO4 than in 1103P. These results demonstrate that mycorrhization enhances physiological stability and transcriptional coordination under drought, while genotype-specific traits modulate the magnitude and nature of these responses. The integration of physiological, transcriptional, and correlation data underscores the importance of rootstock–scion genetic background and symbiotic potential in shaping adaptive strategies to water stress, providing insights for optimizing grapevine resilience under climate change.

砧木-接穗组合和丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）是缺水条件下葡萄产量的关键决定因素，但它们对胁迫反应的综合影响尚不清楚。4个葡萄组合（黑皮诺和霞多丽接于SO4和1103P上）分别在丰水（WW）和水分胁迫（WS）条件下生长，分别接种（+Myc）和不接种（-Myc）根噬菌。利用RNA测序技术分析了葡萄和根内植物的生理性状（生物量、养分浓度、叶绿素、碳水化合物、脯氨酸）和根转录组。植株生理性状主要受AMF接种和灌溉的影响，而转录组变异主要受砧木基因型和水分状况的影响。菌根植物的叶绿素含量和渗透保护剂积累较高，与水分利用效率提高一致。相关分析显示，基因表达与生理参数之间存在较强的相关性，表明菌根胁迫和水分胁迫下碳分配和光合平衡的协调调节。WW下，1103P维持了根系生物量，而SO4促进了WW下较高的地上部生长。转录组学反应是基因型依赖性的：根内不规则根在SO4组合中表现出更大的根内转录活性，而葡萄根在SO4中表现出比1103P更强的重编程。这些结果表明，菌根化增强了干旱条件下的生理稳定性和转录协调，而基因型特异性性状调节了这些反应的大小和性质。生理、转录和相关数据的整合强调了砧木-接穗遗传背景和共生潜力在形成适应水分胁迫策略中的重要性，为优化葡萄在气候变化下的适应能力提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic cysteine-glutathione foliar application enhances wheat tolerance to cadmium-lead co-stress in calcareous soils: Mechanisms and phytoremediation implications 叶面增效施用半胱氨酸-谷胱甘肽提高小麦对钙质土壤镉铅共胁迫的耐受性：机制和植物修复意义

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2026.101234

Zahra Gheshlaghi , Mohammad Kafi

Co-contamination of agricultural soils with cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) presents a significant threat to wheat productivity and food safety, particularly in calcareous regions. Although thiol compounds are recognized as stress alleviators, the effectiveness of their synergistic application in addressing the metabolic competition for glutathione (GSH) between antioxidant defense and phytochelatin (PC) synthesis has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the foliar co-application of cysteine (Cys; 0.41 mM) and GSH (2 mM) to enhance the phytostabilization of Cd and Pb in wheat cultivated in contaminated alkaline soil. The synergistic Cys-GSH treatment significantly mitigated phytotoxicity, increasing shoot biomass by 78% and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) by 39% compared to the stress control. Mechanistically, this tolerance is facilitated by a coordinated dual-defense response. Firstly, the antioxidant capacity was enhanced, as evidenced by a 133% increase in glutathione reductase activity and the complete restoration of the GSH/GSSG redox ratio. Second, a robust metal sequestration pathway was activated, characterized by a 9.0-fold upregulation of the phytochelatin synthase gene (TaPCS1) and a 117% increase in PC accumulation. This enhanced root-level chelation reduced shoot Cd and Pb concentrations by 47% and 44%, respectively, maintaining translocation factors below 0.5. These findings demonstrate that optimized Cys-GSH synergy effectively circumvents metabolic bottlenecks to promote phytostabilization, offering a sustainable strategy to secure wheat production in metal-polluted calcareous soils.

农业土壤镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）的共同污染对小麦生产力和食品安全构成重大威胁，特别是在钙质地区。虽然巯基化合物是公认的应激缓解剂，但其协同应用在解决抗氧化防御和植物螯合素（PC）合成之间谷胱甘肽（GSH）代谢竞争中的有效性尚未得到充分研究。本研究采用响应面法（RSM）优化了半胱氨酸（Cys; 0.41 mM）和谷胱甘肽（GSH (2 mM)）叶面配施对污染碱性土壤中小麦镉和铅的植物稳定性的影响。Cys-GSH协同处理显著减轻了植物毒性，与胁迫对照相比，茎部生物量增加78%，丙二醛（MDA）降低39%。从机制上讲，这种容忍是由协调的双重防御反应促进的。首先，抗氧化能力增强，谷胱甘肽还原酶活性增加133%，GSH/GSSG氧化还原比完全恢复。其次，激活了一个强大的金属封存途径，其特征是植物螯合素合成酶基因（TaPCS1）上调9.0倍，PC积累增加117%。根级螯合作用的增强使茎部Cd和Pb浓度分别降低了47%和44%，转运因子维持在0.5以下。这些研究结果表明，优化的Cys-GSH协同作用有效地绕过代谢瓶颈，促进植物稳定，为金属污染的钙质土壤提供了一种可持续的小麦生产策略。

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引用次数: 0

A dual-function biocontrol agent, Kosakonia oryziphila NP19, suppresses rice blast and promotes rice growth by priming host defense responses 稻瘟菌NP19是一种双功能生物防治剂，通过引发寄主防御反应抑制稻瘟病，促进水稻生长

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101196

Lalita Thanwisai, Wilailak Siripornadulsil, Surasak Siripornadulsil

Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is a devastating disease that threatens global food security. This study identifies the bacterium Kosakonia oryziphila NP19 as a multifaceted biocontrol agent and evaluates its ability to suppress disease, promote plant growth, and activate host defense mechanisms in rice. Colonization by K. oryziphila NP19 significantly reduced disease severity by 16.5%, reflected by a corresponding decrease in the area under the disease progression curve upon pathogen challenge. Additionally, treatment with the NP19 strain potently promoted plant growth, with increases shoot height of 12–17% and total biomass of up to 23% in fungus-inoculated seedlings compared with noncolonized controls. The protective effect was associated with priming the plant’s antioxidant system. In NP19-colonized seedlings, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase significantly increased although that of superoxide dismutase decreased under nonpathogenic conditions. In addition to physiological responses, NP19 altered the expression of defense-related genes in noncolonized seedlings in a temporal manner. The effects of NP19 are likely mediated by its ability to modulate the defense timeline, with OsALD1 upregulated early (2–10 days after fungal inoculation; DAFI) and pathogenesis-related genes (OsPR1a, OsPR1b, and Cht-1) upregulated later (10–20 DAFI). Gas chromatography confirmed that NP19 produces diverse bioactive compounds, which likely contribute to disease suppression and growth promotion. Our findings identify K. oryziphila NP19 as a robust biocontrol candidate that confers resistance to rice blast by enhancing physiological defenses while promoting plant growth, suggesting that it is a promising tool for sustainable agriculture.

稻瘟病由稻瘟病菌引起，是一种威胁全球粮食安全的毁灭性疾病。本研究鉴定了稻瘟菌（Kosakonia oryziphila NP19）作为一种多面生物防治剂，并评估了其在水稻中抑制疾病、促进植物生长和激活寄主防御机制的能力。oryziphila NP19的定殖显著降低了疾病严重程度16.5%，反映在病原体攻击后疾病进展曲线下的面积相应减少。此外，与未定植的对照相比，NP19菌株对植株生长有显著的促进作用，接种真菌的幼苗的株高增加了12-17%，总生物量增加了23%。这种保护作用与启动植物的抗氧化系统有关。在np19定殖的幼苗中，抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和过氧化物酶的活性在非致病条件下显著升高，而超氧化物歧化酶的活性则降低。除了生理反应外，NP19还在时间上改变了非定殖幼苗中防御相关基因的表达。NP19的作用可能是通过其调节防御时间的能力介导的，其中OsALD1在早期（接种真菌后2-10天；DAFI）上调，而致病相关基因（OsPR1a、OsPR1b和Cht-1）在后期（10-20 DAFI）上调。气相色谱法证实NP19产生多种生物活性化合物，可能有助于抑制疾病和促进生长。我们的研究结果表明，米氏K. oryziphila NP19是一种强大的生物防治候选菌株，通过增强生理防御能力，同时促进植物生长，从而抵抗稻瘟病，这表明它是一种有前途的可持续农业工具。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive GWAS and omics profiling identify key genetic factors and metabolic pathways for oat's low-phosphorus tolerance 综合GWAS和组学分析确定了燕麦低磷耐受性的关键遗传因素和代谢途径

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101191

Jin Li , Huili Zhang , Jingbo Yu , Haoqi Tian , Qingping Zhou , Shiyong Chen

Phosphorus deficiency is a major constraint to crop productivity, particularly in cereals like oat (Avena sativa L.). In this study, 180 diverse oat accessions were evaluated under normal phosphorus (NP) and low phosphorus (LP) hydroponic conditions to investigate the genetic basis of early seedling responses to LP stress. High broad-sense heritability (H² > 0.8) for shoot length (SL) and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) suggested strong genetic effects. A composite LP tolerance index was applied to classify genotypes along a continuum from tolerant to sensitive, and two contrasting accessions were selected for further molecular analysis. The relatively tolerant accession exhibited greater root development and higher PUE compared to the sensitive one under LP conditions. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the FarmCPU model identified 37 significant marker–trait associations (MTAs) across five traits, explaining up to 44.6 % of the phenotypic variance. These MTAs clustered into 32 QTL intervals containing 1087 annotated genes, with 206 prioritized as candidate genes based on sequence variation, expression patterns, and differential expression analysis. Several candidate genes were related to stress signaling, metabolic regulation, and nutrient acquisition. In addition, some were involved in aromatic amino acid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism. Integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic data highlighted putative pathways contributing to genotype-specific responses under LP stress. This study provides a set of loci and candidate genes that may serve as promising targets for further functional validation and future breeding efforts aimed at improving phosphorus efficiency in oat.

缺磷是制约作物生产力的主要因素，特别是在燕麦等谷物中。本研究以180个不同燕麦品种为材料，在正常磷（NP）和低磷（LP）水培条件下进行评价，探讨幼苗对低磷胁迫反应的遗传基础。茎长（SL）和磷利用效率（PUE）具有较高的广义遗传力（H²> 0.8），说明遗传效应较强。采用LP综合耐受性指数对基因型进行了从耐受性到敏感性的连续分类，并选择了两个对比品种进行进一步的分子分析。相对耐受性较强的植株根系发育较好，PUE值较高。一项使用FarmCPU模型的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）在5个性状中发现了37个显著的标记-性状关联（mta），解释了高达44.6%的表型差异。这些mta聚集在32个QTL区间，包含1087个注释基因，其中206个基于序列变异、表达模式和差异表达分析优先作为候选基因。一些候选基因与应激信号、代谢调节和营养获取有关。此外，一些参与芳香氨基酸代谢、苯丙素生物合成和谷胱甘肽代谢。转录组学和代谢组学数据的整合突出了LP胁迫下基因型特异性反应的推定途径。该研究提供了一组位点和候选基因，可能作为进一步功能验证和未来育种工作的有希望的目标，旨在提高燕麦的磷效率。

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引用次数: 0