Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100737
Monika Sahu , Ashok P. Giri
Climate change is expected to result in increased variability in precipitation and more frequent outbreaks of insect pests. Thus, it is important to understand how plant-environment interactions are affected by both abiotic and biotic stresses. Water is essential for plant growth, development and interactions with other organisms, including insects. This review synthesizes current studies on the impact of drought and herbivore defense mechanisms and associated metabolic changes in plants. Severe drought can enhance plant tolerance to herbivores by promoting escape strategies whereas mild or intermittent drought may benefit insects by increasing nutrient availability. We discuss how plants adjust their metabolism to mitigate the effects of combined stresses. We further highlight the role of hormonal signaling pathways, such as abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ethylene in coordinating plant responses. Research on metabolic changes accompanying hormonal crosstalk involved in managing multiple stresses is still emerging. The available evidence suggests that the outcome of drought and herbivory varies depending on factors such as stress intensity, duration, plant-herbivore species, and insect-feeding guilds. We propose open questions and anticipate further advances in molecular understanding of plant resilience to combined stresses such as drought and herbivory in the near future.
{"title":"Deciphering the role of metabolites and phytohormones in plant resilience to drought and herbivory","authors":"Monika Sahu , Ashok P. Giri","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is expected to result in increased variability in precipitation and more frequent outbreaks of insect pests. Thus, it is important to understand how plant-environment interactions are affected by both abiotic and biotic stresses. Water is essential for plant growth, development and interactions with other organisms, including insects. This review synthesizes current studies on the impact of drought and herbivore defense mechanisms and associated metabolic changes in plants. Severe drought can enhance plant tolerance to herbivores by promoting escape strategies whereas mild or intermittent drought may benefit insects by increasing nutrient availability. We discuss how plants adjust their metabolism to mitigate the effects of combined stresses. We further highlight the role of hormonal signaling pathways, such as abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ethylene in coordinating plant responses. Research on metabolic changes accompanying hormonal crosstalk involved in managing multiple stresses is still emerging. The available evidence suggests that the outcome of drought and herbivory varies depending on factors such as stress intensity, duration, plant-herbivore species, and insect-feeding guilds. We propose open questions and anticipate further advances in molecular understanding of plant resilience to combined stresses such as drought and herbivory in the near future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100737"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100738
Debamalya Chatterjee , Charles Colvin , Tyler Lesko , Michelle Peiffer , Gary W. Felton , Surinder Chopra
Plant biotic stressors, including insect damage to economically important crops, are on the rise because of climate change (Skendžić et al., 2021; Matzrafi, 2019; Hatfield et al., 2011). Corn earworm (CEW) Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) is one of the economically important insect pests of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). In this study, maize near-isogenic lines with high flavonoid content in silks, husks, and kernel pericarps were used to test against the survival of CEW larvae. Larvae feeding on high-flavonoid maize lines had increased mortality and reduced body weight. These larvae showed leakage of the midgut peritrophic matrix, indicating leaky-gut-like syndrome suggesting involvement of microbiome changes in the larval gut. Moreover, the expression of chitin formation and gut health-related genes was changed in the midgut of larvae consuming the flavonoid-rich husks. CEW herbivory caused high and localized accumulation of flavonols around the damaged husk area. Silks and husks of high flavonoid lines also had elevated levels of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins (3-DAs) and flavan-4-ols, which contributed to increased larval mortality. Feeding assays using an artificial diet supplemented with a sorghum 3-DAs-rich extract further confirmed the efficacy of these flavonoids in increasing larval mortality. Altogether, this study suggests a novel option for integrated pest management for CEW larvae.
{"title":"Plant defense against insect herbivory: Flavonoid-mediated growth inhibition of Helicoverpa zea","authors":"Debamalya Chatterjee , Charles Colvin , Tyler Lesko , Michelle Peiffer , Gary W. Felton , Surinder Chopra","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant biotic stressors, including insect damage to economically important crops, are on the rise because of climate change (Skendžić et al., 2021; Matzrafi, 2019; Hatfield et al., 2011). Corn earworm (CEW) <em>Helicoverpa zea</em> (Boddie) is one of the economically important insect pests of maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) and sorghum (<em>Sorghum bicolor</em> (L.) Moench). In this study, maize near-isogenic lines with high flavonoid content in silks, husks, and kernel pericarps were used to test against the survival of CEW larvae. Larvae feeding on high-flavonoid maize lines had increased mortality and reduced body weight. These larvae showed leakage of the midgut peritrophic matrix, indicating leaky-gut-like syndrome suggesting involvement of microbiome changes in the larval gut. Moreover, the expression of chitin formation and gut health-related genes was changed in the midgut of larvae consuming the flavonoid-rich husks. CEW herbivory caused high and localized accumulation of flavonols around the damaged husk area. Silks and husks of high flavonoid lines also had elevated levels of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins (3-DAs) and flavan-4-ols, which contributed to increased larval mortality. Feeding assays using an artificial diet supplemented with a sorghum 3-DAs-rich extract further confirmed the efficacy of these flavonoids in increasing larval mortality. Altogether, this study suggests a novel option for integrated pest management for CEW larvae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100738"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100736
Xiting Yang , Shuchao Huang , Wei Li , Zhaozhuang Li , Zhiqi Xu , Wenhao Zhou , Xin Meng , Yandong Xie , Shuya Wang , Li Jin , Ning Jin , Jian Lyu , Jihua Yu
GIGANTEA (GI) is a protein that regulates circadian rhythms and is essential for various physiological processes that influence abiotic stress resistance in plants. However, when tomatoes were exposed to high temperatures, their biological rhythms were disrupted. We identified and characterized two GI genes in the complete tomato genome, located on chromosomes 4 (SlGI.04) and 12 (SlGI.12), and examined the protein characteristics, gene structure, phylogenetic relationships, and homology. Promoters of SlGI.04 and SlGI.12 contained many cis-regulatory elements associated with growth, hormone responses, and abiotic stress, and the expression patterns of SlGIs exhibited circadian rhythms, responded to heat stress, and showed organ specificity. Subcellular localization confirmed that SlGI.04 and SlGI.12 resided in the nucleus, and analysis of potential interacting proteins indicated their involvement in stress responses and developmental processes. Silencing SlGI.04 and SlGI.12 impaired heat stress resistance in tomato, leading to severe damage in silenced seedlings. Under heat stress, silenced plants were more sensitive to heat stress treatment than pTRV2 plants. pTRV2-SlGI.04 and pTRV2-SlGI.12 plants exhibited significantly reduced levels of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and proline, impaired antioxidant ability, and significant down-regulation of heat stress-related gene expression compared with those of pTRV2 plants. These results indicated that GI genes play an active role in tomato responses to abiotic stress and that SlGIs might mediate responses to high-temperature stress by regulating genes associated with antioxidant enzymes or heat-related processes in tomato. These findings provide a foundation for further research into its functional role and potential molecular mechanisms of heat tolerance in tomato.
{"title":"Identification of biological rhythms related GIGANTEA genes in tomato and functional analysis under heat stress","authors":"Xiting Yang , Shuchao Huang , Wei Li , Zhaozhuang Li , Zhiqi Xu , Wenhao Zhou , Xin Meng , Yandong Xie , Shuya Wang , Li Jin , Ning Jin , Jian Lyu , Jihua Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>GIGANTEA (GI) is a protein that regulates circadian rhythms and is essential for various physiological processes that influence abiotic stress resistance in plants. However, when tomatoes were exposed to high temperatures, their biological rhythms were disrupted. We identified and characterized two <em>GI</em> genes in the complete tomato genome, located on chromosomes 4 (<em>SlGI.04</em>) and 12 (<em>SlGI.12</em>), and examined the protein characteristics, gene structure, phylogenetic relationships, and homology. Promoters of <em>SlGI.04</em> and <em>SlGI.12</em> contained many <em>cis</em>-regulatory elements associated with growth, hormone responses, and abiotic stress, and the expression patterns of <em>SlGIs</em> exhibited circadian rhythms, responded to heat stress, and showed organ specificity. Subcellular localization confirmed that <em>SlGI.04</em> and <em>SlGI.12</em> resided in the nucleus, and analysis of potential interacting proteins indicated their involvement in stress responses and developmental processes. Silencing <em>SlGI.04</em> and <em>SlGI.12</em> impaired heat stress resistance in tomato, leading to severe damage in silenced seedlings. Under heat stress, silenced plants were more sensitive to heat stress treatment than pTRV2 plants. pTRV2-<em>SlGI.04</em> and pTRV2-<em>SlGI.12</em> plants exhibited significantly reduced levels of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and proline, impaired antioxidant ability, and significant down-regulation of heat stress-related gene expression compared with those of pTRV2 plants. These results indicated that <em>GI</em> genes play an active role in tomato responses to abiotic stress and that <em>SlGIs</em> might mediate responses to high-temperature stress by regulating genes associated with antioxidant enzymes or heat-related processes in tomato. These findings provide a foundation for further research into its functional role and potential molecular mechanisms of heat tolerance in tomato.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100736"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a polyphagous thrips-transmitted pathogen inducing significant economic losses in agriculture, particularly on tomato plants. The leading management and containment strategies to fight TSWV infection rely on growing resistant cultivars and spraying insecticides for thrips control. Therefore, its early detection is fundamental in sustainable crop management. Aim of the present work is to reveal TSWV infection using a hand-held Raman instrument and Machine Learning (ML) approaches. Artificially inoculated tomato plants were scored for symptom development for one month, while Raman spectra were collected 3 and 7 days after virus inoculation. After preliminary spectral pre-processing, a filter method based on Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) coefficients was applied to remove redundant and irrelevant variables. The resulting condensed dataset was checked with multivariate exploratory methods and exploited to build multiple PLS-DA models, using different random splitting of the samples between training and test sets. By interpreting the classification metrics, Raman spectroscopy coupled with ML techniques allowed us to discriminate infected from healthy tomato plants within the first 3–7 days after inoculation, with average accuracy of 90–95 % in validation. The model was also validated on two different sets of susceptible and resistant plants, achieving average accuracy higher than 85 %. Early detection of TSWV infection well before visual symptom occurrence represents an important advantage in a sustainable agricultural system. Notably, the use of a portable Raman spectrometer, much less expensive and cumbersome than benchtop instruments, allows the direct in-field execution of these diagnostic measurements.
{"title":"Non-invasive and early detection of tomato spotted wilt virus infection in tomato plants using a hand-held Raman spectrometer and machine learning modelling","authors":"Ciro Orecchio , Camilla Sacco Botto , Eugenio Alladio , Chiara D'Errico , Marco Vincenti , Emanuela Noris","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Tomato spotted wilt virus</em> (TSWV) is a polyphagous thrips-transmitted pathogen inducing significant economic losses in agriculture, particularly on tomato plants. The leading management and containment strategies to fight TSWV infection rely on growing resistant cultivars and spraying insecticides for thrips control. Therefore, its early detection is fundamental in sustainable crop management. Aim of the present work is to reveal TSWV infection using a hand-held Raman instrument and Machine Learning (ML) approaches. Artificially inoculated tomato plants were scored for symptom development for one month, while Raman spectra were collected 3 and 7 days after virus inoculation. After preliminary spectral pre-processing, a filter method based on Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) coefficients was applied to remove redundant and irrelevant variables. The resulting condensed dataset was checked with multivariate exploratory methods and exploited to build multiple PLS-DA models, using different random splitting of the samples between training and test sets. By interpreting the classification metrics, Raman spectroscopy coupled with ML techniques allowed us to discriminate infected from healthy tomato plants within the first 3–7 days after inoculation, with average accuracy of 90–95 % in validation. The model was also validated on two different sets of susceptible and resistant plants, achieving average accuracy higher than 85 %. Early detection of TSWV infection well before visual symptom occurrence represents an important advantage in a sustainable agricultural system. Notably, the use of a portable Raman spectrometer, much less expensive and cumbersome than benchtop instruments, allows the direct in-field execution of these diagnostic measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100732"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100734
Aslıhan Çetinbaş-Genç , Claudia Faleri , Sara Parri , Claudio Cantini , Marco Romi , Giampiero Cai
The increasing impact of climate change poses a serious threat to olive cultivation, particularly through environmental stresses such as ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. This study investigates the use of pollen as a marker to discriminate the UV-B tolerance of four Italian olive cultivars (Frantoio, Leccino, Olivastra Seggianese, and Pendolino). Pollen grains were exposed to UV-B radiation at varying durations (1, 2 and 3 h) and distances (10, 20, 30 and 40 cm) to evaluate viability, germination rate, pollen tube length, and cell wall composition, including the distribution of key structural elements such as pectins, cellulose, callose, arabinogalactan proteins, and polysaccharide-synthesizing enzymes. Results indicate that UV-B stress effects are highly cultivar-specific and exposure-dependent. Frantoio and Leccino show higher sensitivity to short-term, high-intensity UV-B, while Pendolino demonstrates greater resistance to prolonged exposure but unexpected sensitivity to low-intensity, short-duration UV-B. This multidimensional response underscores the complex interaction between cultivar and UV-B stress. These findings contribute to the sustainability of olive cultivation under changing environmental conditions by identifying more resilient cultivars.
{"title":"Differential responses of the pollen tube cell wall of Italian olive cultivars to UV-B radiation","authors":"Aslıhan Çetinbaş-Genç , Claudia Faleri , Sara Parri , Claudio Cantini , Marco Romi , Giampiero Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing impact of climate change poses a serious threat to olive cultivation, particularly through environmental stresses such as ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. This study investigates the use of pollen as a marker to discriminate the UV-B tolerance of four Italian olive cultivars (Frantoio, Leccino, Olivastra Seggianese, and Pendolino). Pollen grains were exposed to UV-B radiation at varying durations (1, 2 and 3 h) and distances (10, 20, 30 and 40 cm) to evaluate viability, germination rate, pollen tube length, and cell wall composition, including the distribution of key structural elements such as pectins, cellulose, callose, arabinogalactan proteins, and polysaccharide-synthesizing enzymes. Results indicate that UV-B stress effects are highly cultivar-specific and exposure-dependent. Frantoio and Leccino show higher sensitivity to short-term, high-intensity UV-B, while Pendolino demonstrates greater resistance to prolonged exposure but unexpected sensitivity to low-intensity, short-duration UV-B. This multidimensional response underscores the complex interaction between cultivar and UV-B stress. These findings contribute to the sustainability of olive cultivation under changing environmental conditions by identifying more resilient cultivars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100734"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the role of NAC transcription factors (TFs) in the stress response of pearl millet, a C4 crop known for its nutritional value and drought tolerance. Phylogenetic and synteny analysis of 155 NAC TFs revealed the contribution of segmental duplication to NAC gene evolution. Promoter analysis identified various stress-related cis-elements in the upstream regions of these genes. We analysed expression pattern of identified NAC genes under phytohormones (ABA, MeJA, and SA) and abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, and heat). PgNAC103 was found to be a nuclear protein having a C-terminal transactivation domain. Arabidopsis and pearl millet overexpressing the PgNAC103 showed enhanced stress responses under drought. Transgenic lines showed less sensitivity towards ABA treatment. In transgenic Arabidopsis, the drought stress response was manifested through the upregulation of stress marker genes (RD22, KIN1, COR15A) and increased ROS scavenging (SOD, POD and CAT). The transcriptional activity of the PgNAC103 promoter was induced by drought stress in transgenic plants. These findings suggest that NAC TFs function as positive or negative regulators of the abiotic stress response in pearl millet, with PgNAC103 specifically acting as a positive regulator of drought stress tolerance. PgNAC103 represents a promising genetic resource for developing climate-resilient crops.
{"title":"Evolutionary progression and functional diversification of NAC family members in pearl millet with comprehensive characterization of PgNAC103 under drought stress","authors":"Deepak Kumar Jha , Jeky Chanwala , I. Sriram Sandeep , Preeti Barla , Nrisingha Dey","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the role of NAC transcription factors (TFs) in the stress response of pearl millet, a C4 crop known for its nutritional value and drought tolerance. Phylogenetic and synteny analysis of 155 NAC TFs revealed the contribution of segmental duplication to <em>NAC</em> gene evolution. Promoter analysis identified various stress-related <em>cis</em>-elements in the upstream regions of these genes. We analysed expression pattern of identified NAC genes under phytohormones (ABA, MeJA, and SA) and abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, and heat). PgNAC103 was found to be a nuclear protein having a C-terminal transactivation domain. Arabidopsis and pearl millet overexpressing the <em>PgNAC103</em> showed enhanced stress responses under drought. Transgenic lines showed less sensitivity towards ABA treatment. In transgenic Arabidopsis, the drought stress response was manifested through the upregulation of stress marker genes (<em>RD22, KIN1, COR15A</em>) and increased ROS scavenging (SOD, POD and CAT). The transcriptional activity of the <em>PgNAC103</em> promoter was induced by drought stress in transgenic plants. These findings suggest that NAC TFs function as positive or negative regulators of the abiotic stress response in pearl millet, with <em>PgNAC103</em> specifically acting as a positive regulator of drought stress tolerance. <em>PgNAC103</em> represents a promising genetic resource for developing climate-resilient crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100728"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100735
Felix M. Spielmann , Florian Kitz , Thomas Roach , Ilse Kranner , Albin Hammerle , Georg Wohlfahrt
The trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS) is used for estimating gross primary productivity at ecosystem level (GPP), as the net CO₂ flux is confounded by ecosystem respiration. Laboratory measurements studying the ratio of the deposition velocities of COS and CO2 at leaf level, i.e. leaf relative uptake rate (LRU), are required for calculating GPP. Under optimal conditions, the LRU has been suggested to be relatively constant. However, stress factors may affect the LRU and even lead to COS emission, which contradicts the prevailing scientific consensus. This study investigated the effect of drought on LRU in three C3 species, rapeseed, soybean and tobacco, and the C4 plant, amaranth.
Our results revealed species-specific responses, with the LRU decreasing in C3 plants and increasing primarily in the C4 species under drought. We observed net COS emissions in soybean and rapeseed during drought and for the latter also under unstressed conditions. These emissions suggest bidirectional COS exchange, likely interfering with the unidirectional COS uptake concept underlying LRU even during net COS uptake.
In all C3 species, drought induced an increase in leaf cysteine, supporting a cysteine-related COS emission pathway. However, in amaranth cysteine levels decreased in contrast to the COS flux, and were not the highest in rapeseed despite elevated COS emission, altogether showing that factors involved in COS flux require further investigation.
Overall, our findings challenge the use of COS as a universal tracer for GPP and underscore the need for further research into COS emissions and LRU variability across species, particularly under environmental stress.
{"title":"Effects of drought on carbonyl sulfide exchange in four plant species","authors":"Felix M. Spielmann , Florian Kitz , Thomas Roach , Ilse Kranner , Albin Hammerle , Georg Wohlfahrt","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS) is used for estimating gross primary productivity at ecosystem level (GPP), as the net CO₂ flux is confounded by ecosystem respiration. Laboratory measurements studying the ratio of the deposition velocities of COS and CO<sub>2</sub> at leaf level, i.e. leaf relative uptake rate (LRU), are required for calculating GPP. Under optimal conditions, the LRU has been suggested to be relatively constant. However, stress factors may affect the LRU and even lead to COS emission, which contradicts the prevailing scientific consensus. This study investigated the effect of drought on LRU in three C<sub>3</sub> species, rapeseed, soybean and tobacco, and the C<sub>4</sub> plant, amaranth.</div><div>Our results revealed species-specific responses, with the LRU decreasing in C<sub>3</sub> plants and increasing primarily in the C<sub>4</sub> species under drought. We observed net COS emissions in soybean and rapeseed during drought and for the latter also under unstressed conditions. These emissions suggest bidirectional COS exchange, likely interfering with the unidirectional COS uptake concept underlying LRU even during net COS uptake.</div><div>In all C<sub>3</sub> species, drought induced an increase in leaf cysteine, supporting a cysteine-related COS emission pathway. However, in amaranth cysteine levels decreased in contrast to the COS flux, and were not the highest in rapeseed despite elevated COS emission, altogether showing that factors involved in COS flux require further investigation.</div><div>Overall, our findings challenge the use of COS as a universal tracer for GPP and underscore the need for further research into COS emissions and LRU variability across species, particularly under environmental stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100735"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The soybean crop, known as a "miracle crop" for its versatility as an oilseed, legume, and protein-rich source, is facing yield curtailments due to fluctuating global temperatures, emphasizing a deeper understanding of its heat stress tolerance mechanisms ply both conventional and non-conventional methods. Cutting edges techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9, genetic engineering, QTL mapping, and transcriptome studies are in limelight. The core motif is to supercharge heat tolerance by manipulating heat shock proteins (HSPs), transcription factors, and epigenetic mechanisms. Soybean response to heat stress entails complex molecular and cellular processes including hormone signaling, ROS detoxification, antioxidant synthesis, and gene expression regulation. Additionally, transcriptome and proteome perusal has shown the significant role of transcriptional changes in heat stress response. Abiotic stresses, including drought and nutrient deficiencies, also pose risks to global food security by reducing crop yields. Advanced approaches that enhance stress resilience in soybean are critical for buoy future production amid unpredictable climate challenges.
{"title":"Traversing the heat-A review on heat stress untangling the modern approaches in soybean (Glycine max. L)","authors":"Aiman Sana , Aitezaz A.A. Shahani , Ullah Ihsan , Rashida Hameed , Adeel Abbas , Sidra Balooch , Faisal Summiya , Usman Zulfiqar , PV Vara Prasad , Ivica Djalovic","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The soybean crop, known as a \"miracle crop\" for its versatility as an oilseed, legume, and protein-rich source, is facing yield curtailments due to fluctuating global temperatures, emphasizing a deeper understanding of its heat stress tolerance mechanisms ply both conventional and non-conventional methods. Cutting edges techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9, genetic engineering, QTL mapping, and transcriptome studies are in limelight. The core motif is to supercharge heat tolerance by manipulating heat shock proteins (HSPs), transcription factors, and epigenetic mechanisms. Soybean response to heat stress entails complex molecular and cellular processes including hormone signaling, ROS detoxification, antioxidant synthesis, and gene expression regulation. Additionally, transcriptome and proteome perusal has shown the significant role of transcriptional changes in heat stress response. Abiotic stresses, including drought and nutrient deficiencies, also pose risks to global food security by reducing crop yields. Advanced approaches that enhance stress resilience in soybean are critical for buoy future production amid unpredictable climate challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100730
Long Li , Tingting Mu , Rongrong Zhang , Guobin Zhang , Jian Lyu , Zeci Liu , Shilei Luo , Jihua Yu
Brassinosteroids (BR) are ubiquitous polyhydroxylated steroid hormones in plants that play a pivotal role in orchestrating plant growth, development, and stress mitigation. The transcription factor BRI1 EMS SUPPRESSOR 1/BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BES1/BZR1) is central to BR signal transduction. Upon activation by the BR signal, BES1/BZR1 selectively associates with the E-box motif (CANNTG) or the BRRE element (CGTGTGT/CG) situated within the promoter region of downstream target genes, thereby tuning target gene expression. Beyond its involvement in BR signaling, BES1/BZR1 intricately participates in ethylene, abscisic acid, and other plant hormones, as well as light signal transduction pathways, synergistically governing plant growth, development, and stress resilience. This study reviews the ongoing research strides elucidating molecular mechanisms by which BES1/BZR1 modulates plant growth, development, and stress resistance through signal transduction. The insights will serve as valuable references for further exploration of the multifaceted functions of BZR.
{"title":"The BES1/BZR1 family transcription factor as critical regulator of plant stress resilience","authors":"Long Li , Tingting Mu , Rongrong Zhang , Guobin Zhang , Jian Lyu , Zeci Liu , Shilei Luo , Jihua Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brassinosteroids (BR) are ubiquitous polyhydroxylated steroid hormones in plants that play a pivotal role in orchestrating plant growth, development, and stress mitigation. The transcription factor BRI1 EMS SUPPRESSOR 1/BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BES1/BZR1) is central to BR signal transduction. Upon activation by the BR signal, BES1/BZR1 selectively associates with the E-box motif (CANNTG) or the BRRE element (CGTGTGT/CG) situated within the promoter region of downstream target genes, thereby tuning target gene expression. Beyond its involvement in BR signaling, BES1/BZR1 intricately participates in ethylene, abscisic acid, and other plant hormones, as well as light signal transduction pathways, synergistically governing plant growth, development, and stress resilience. This study reviews the ongoing research strides elucidating molecular mechanisms by which BES1/BZR1 modulates plant growth, development, and stress resistance through signal transduction. The insights will serve as valuable references for further exploration of the multifaceted functions of BZR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100730"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100733
Qing Yu , Yunchao Zhang , Tingyou Liu , Lei Wang , Yi Liu , Shunwu Yu , Xinqiao Yu , Hui Xia , Zhigang Liao , Lijun Luo
Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) are a major subfamily of receptor-like protein kinases, crucial for plant immunity and adaptation to environmental stresses. However, their comprehensive characterization in rice remains limited. In this study, we aimed to systematically characterize the OsCRK gene family in rice and elucidate their roles in stress responses. We identified 73 putative OsCRK members and categorized them into three subfamilies based on phylogenetic relationships. Cis-regulatory element analysis indicated that OsCRKs are associated with stress responses. qRT-PCR validation of six OsCRK genes showed their responsiveness to PEG6000 treatment, revealing significant repression of OsCRK26 by PEG6000 and abscisic acid treatment. Subcellular localization studies showed that OsCRK26 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Functional analysis revealed that loss-of-function mutations in OsCRK26 led to reduced stomatal closure and increased water loss compared to wild type plants, resulting in heightened sensitivity to drought stress. Additionally, we found that OsCRK26 interacts with DCA1, a transcriptional co-activator involved in stomatal regulation. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the OsCRK gene family's function and highlight OsCRK26 as a promising candidate for improving drought resistance in rice.
{"title":"Genome-wide characterization of cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase (CRK) gene family in rice and OsCRK26 functional analysis in response to drought stress","authors":"Qing Yu , Yunchao Zhang , Tingyou Liu , Lei Wang , Yi Liu , Shunwu Yu , Xinqiao Yu , Hui Xia , Zhigang Liao , Lijun Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) are a major subfamily of receptor-like protein kinases, crucial for plant immunity and adaptation to environmental stresses. However, their comprehensive characterization in rice remains limited. In this study, we aimed to systematically characterize the <em>OsCRK</em> gene family in rice and elucidate their roles in stress responses. We identified 73 putative <em>OsCRK</em> members and categorized them into three subfamilies based on phylogenetic relationships. Cis-regulatory element analysis indicated that <em>OsCRKs</em> are associated with stress responses. qRT-PCR validation of six <em>OsCRK</em> genes showed their responsiveness to PEG6000 treatment, revealing significant repression of <em>OsCRK26</em> by PEG6000 and abscisic acid treatment. Subcellular localization studies showed that OsCRK26 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Functional analysis revealed that loss-of-function mutations in <em>OsCRK26</em> led to reduced stomatal closure and increased water loss compared to wild type plants, resulting in heightened sensitivity to drought stress. Additionally, we found that OsCRK26 interacts with DCA1, a transcriptional co-activator involved in stomatal regulation. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the <em>OsCRK</em> gene family's function and highlight <em>OsCRK26</em> as a promising candidate for improving drought resistance in rice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100733"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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