Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1353/dic.2023.a904546
Michael Hancher
{"title":"The Whole World in a Book: Dictionaries in the Nineteenth Century ed. by Sarah Ogilvie and Gabriella Safran (review)","authors":"Michael Hancher","doi":"10.1353/dic.2023.a904546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2023.a904546","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48536638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1353/dic.2023.a904541
Nuria Yáñez-Bouza, Mar Nieves-Fernández
ABSTRACT:The history of the velar nasal phoneme involves two stories: the emergence of /ŋ/ as an independent phoneme, as in thing /θiŋ/, and variation between velar and alveolar nasal pronunciations in the context of unstressed <-ing>, as in loving /'lΛviŋ/–/'lΛvin/. The latter has been the object of study in English (historical) phonology and dialectology (e.g., , , , ). The former, however, received little attention until the final decades of the eighteenth century, when Thomas Spence first coded the velar nasal with a separate notation system in The Grand Repository of the English Language (1775). Spence's is one of the eleven pronouncing dictionaries from which the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database (ECEP) draws its data. The current paper reports on the methodological steps adopted in order to compile a new consonant lexical set for the study of the velar nasal phoneme /ŋ/, labeled thing and further subdivided into two subsets to account for the combination of the nasal consonant spelled and a voiced /g/ or voiceless velar plosive /k/ consonant (thing and think).The selection of example words is based on the inventory of dictionary entries in The Grand Repository, then contrasts Spence's entries with other pronouncing dictionaries in ECEP and narrows down the list according to diverse linguistic parameters such as word-position, stress, part of speech, and number of syllables. The compilation of the lexical set thing will thus facilitate research on the incidence and distribution of the velar nasal phoneme in the history of English. This in turn will add to the body of research underlining the value of evidence drawn from pronouncing dictionaries and will contribute to fostering the "phonological turn" that has been growing in historical linguistics over recent decades.
摘要:舌状鼻音音素的历史涉及两个故事:舌状鼻音作为一个独立的音素出现，如在thing /θi /中;以及舌状鼻音和肺泡鼻音在非重读语境中的变化，如在loving /'lΛviŋ/ - /'lΛvin/中。后者一直是英语(历史)音韵学和方言学(如，，，，)研究的对象。然而，前者直到18世纪最后几十年才受到重视，当时托马斯·斯宾塞(Thomas Spence)在《英语语言大库》(1775)中首次用一种单独的符号系统对velar鼻音进行了编码。斯宾塞的词典是18世纪英语音韵学数据库(ECEP)收集数据的11本发音词典之一。本文报告了为研究舌鼻音素/音/而编制一个新的辅音词汇集所采取的方法步骤，标记为thing，并进一步细分为两个子集，以解释拼写的鼻辅音和浊音/g/或浊音/k/辅音(thing和think)的组合。示例单词的选择基于The Grand Repository中的字典条目清单，然后将Spence的条目与ECEP中的其他发音字典进行比较，并根据不同的语言参数(如单词位置、重音、词性和音节数量)缩小列表。词汇集的编纂有助于研究英语历史上舌鼻音素的发生和分布。这反过来又会增加从发音词典中提取证据的价值的研究，并有助于促进近几十年来在历史语言学中不断发展的“音系转向”。
{"title":"The Velar Nasal in thing and think: Evidence from Thomas Spence's (1775) Pronouncing Dictionary for the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database","authors":"Nuria Yáñez-Bouza, Mar Nieves-Fernández","doi":"10.1353/dic.2023.a904541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2023.a904541","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The history of the velar nasal phoneme involves two stories: the emergence of /ŋ/ as an independent phoneme, as in thing /θiŋ/, and variation between velar and alveolar nasal pronunciations in the context of unstressed <-ing>, as in loving /'lΛviŋ/–/'lΛvin/. The latter has been the object of study in English (historical) phonology and dialectology (e.g., , , , ). The former, however, received little attention until the final decades of the eighteenth century, when Thomas Spence first coded the velar nasal with a separate notation system in The Grand Repository of the English Language (1775). Spence's is one of the eleven pronouncing dictionaries from which the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database (ECEP) draws its data. The current paper reports on the methodological steps adopted in order to compile a new consonant lexical set for the study of the velar nasal phoneme /ŋ/, labeled thing and further subdivided into two subsets to account for the combination of the nasal consonant spelled <n> and a voiced /g/ or voiceless velar plosive /k/ consonant (thing and think).The selection of example words is based on the inventory of dictionary entries in The Grand Repository, then contrasts Spence's entries with other pronouncing dictionaries in ECEP and narrows down the list according to diverse linguistic parameters such as word-position, stress, part of speech, and number of syllables. The compilation of the lexical set thing will thus facilitate research on the incidence and distribution of the velar nasal phoneme in the history of English. This in turn will add to the body of research underlining the value of evidence drawn from pronouncing dictionaries and will contribute to fostering the \"phonological turn\" that has been growing in historical linguistics over recent decades.","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44401015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1353/dic.2023.a904542
Jennifer K. N. Heinmiller
ABSTRACT:This article provides an overview of the progress on the forthcoming Oxford Dictionary of African American English (Oxford University Press), which will be an authoritative resource on the history and usage of thousands of African American English terms. The first part of the dictionary, comprising at least 1,000 senses, will be published digitally in spring 2025 in the form of a website presenting full dictionary entries and a complete bibliography, as well as allowing for the integration of multimedia features. The present article describes the aims, genesis, methodology, and future of the ODAAE and presents four sample entries.
{"title":"Compiling The Oxford Dictionary of African American English: A Progress Report","authors":"Jennifer K. N. Heinmiller","doi":"10.1353/dic.2023.a904542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2023.a904542","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This article provides an overview of the progress on the forthcoming Oxford Dictionary of African American English (Oxford University Press), which will be an authoritative resource on the history and usage of thousands of African American English terms. The first part of the dictionary, comprising at least 1,000 senses, will be published digitally in spring 2025 in the form of a website presenting full dictionary entries and a complete bibliography, as well as allowing for the integration of multimedia features. The present article describes the aims, genesis, methodology, and future of the ODAAE and presents four sample entries.","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41702611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1353/dic.2023.a904539
L. Mugglestone
ABSTRACT:In 2021, the final Editors' Proofs of the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary were a surprise discovery in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Signed, dated, and liberally annotated by all four editors, as well as by the press-room workers at Oxford University Press, these proofs document a liminal stage immediately before publication, detailing the editors' final cuts and the challenges (and compromises) that latestage editing can reveal. As this article explores, the Proofs represent a substantial contribution to the material history of the OED and of the constraints of lexicography in the age of hot metal. Shedding new light on the ways in which, under pressures of space, key questions about expendability and inclusion were negotiated between different communities of practice, the Proofs present a visible testimony of change, substitution, and loss.
{"title":"Revisionary Texts: Examining the Editors' Proofs of OED1","authors":"L. Mugglestone","doi":"10.1353/dic.2023.a904539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2023.a904539","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:In 2021, the final Editors' Proofs of the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary were a surprise discovery in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Signed, dated, and liberally annotated by all four editors, as well as by the press-room workers at Oxford University Press, these proofs document a liminal stage immediately before publication, detailing the editors' final cuts and the challenges (and compromises) that latestage editing can reveal. As this article explores, the Proofs represent a substantial contribution to the material history of the OED and of the constraints of lexicography in the age of hot metal. Shedding new light on the ways in which, under pressures of space, key questions about expendability and inclusion were negotiated between different communities of practice, the Proofs present a visible testimony of change, substitution, and loss.","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48451023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1353/dic.2023.a904544
M. Markus
ABSTRACT:Some mistakes and imperfections in the retrieval software of EDD Online 3.0 motivated the director of the Innsbruck University project to start a revision and to create EDD Online 4.0. This paper describes the main modifications from 3.0 to 4.0, as well as the major problems and solutions involved in the digitization of such a complex dictionary structure as Joseph Wright's English Dialect Dictionary (EDD). The changes range from an improved identification of text when disturbed by irregular spaces, capitalization, punctuation, abbreviations, numbers, and special characters, which often had to be clumsily coded, to the correct identification and classification of the thousands of sources that Wright used in his EDD. The paper provides evidence that justifies the new version 4.0, but is also meant as a practical guide for compilers and editors of digital corpora, particularly in the field of lexicography.
{"title":"What is new in EDD Online 4.0?","authors":"M. Markus","doi":"10.1353/dic.2023.a904544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2023.a904544","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Some mistakes and imperfections in the retrieval software of EDD Online 3.0 motivated the director of the Innsbruck University project to start a revision and to create EDD Online 4.0. This paper describes the main modifications from 3.0 to 4.0, as well as the major problems and solutions involved in the digitization of such a complex dictionary structure as Joseph Wright's English Dialect Dictionary (EDD). The changes range from an improved identification of text when disturbed by irregular spaces, capitalization, punctuation, abbreviations, numbers, and special characters, which often had to be clumsily coded, to the correct identification and classification of the thousands of sources that Wright used in his EDD. The paper provides evidence that justifies the new version 4.0, but is also meant as a practical guide for compilers and editors of digital corpora, particularly in the field of lexicography.","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46727947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1353/dic.2023.a904543
Volker Harm
ABSTRACT: This article presents a new historical online dictionary of German: Wortgeschichte digital ('digital word history'). WGd focuses on New High German, the most recent period of German ranging from 1600 to the present, for which no specific historical dictionary is available so far. WGd differs from current historical lexicography most notably in three respects: first, its entirely digital nature; second, its onomasiological approach to lemma selection; and, third, its "narrative" style. Because WGd does not derive from a printed dictionary, it is in a position to make extensive use of all the instruments provided by digital humanities. For WGd, this results in a densely interconnected dictionary architecture with internal and external links and visual presentations of lexical structures. In contrast to many other historical dictionaries, WGd pursues an onomasiological approach to lemma selection, concentrating on those lexical domains that have appeared to be highly dynamic in recent language history, such as the vocabularies of society and politics, economy, traffic, natural science, everyday culture, and so forth. These fields are dealt with in separate work units of several years each, allowing for a consistent lexicographical description. The most significant feature of WGd, however, is its style of presentation: Instead of providing a traditional entry structure consisting of definitions and quotations, the entries of WGd are written as continuous texts charting the semantic evolution of a word within its intra- and extra-linguistic context.
{"title":"Wortgeschichte digital: A Historical Dictionary of German on the Internet","authors":"Volker Harm","doi":"10.1353/dic.2023.a904543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2023.a904543","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: This article presents a new historical online dictionary of German: Wortgeschichte digital ('digital word history'). WGd focuses on New High German, the most recent period of German ranging from 1600 to the present, for which no specific historical dictionary is available so far. WGd differs from current historical lexicography most notably in three respects: first, its entirely digital nature; second, its onomasiological approach to lemma selection; and, third, its \"narrative\" style. Because WGd does not derive from a printed dictionary, it is in a position to make extensive use of all the instruments provided by digital humanities. For WGd, this results in a densely interconnected dictionary architecture with internal and external links and visual presentations of lexical structures. In contrast to many other historical dictionaries, WGd pursues an onomasiological approach to lemma selection, concentrating on those lexical domains that have appeared to be highly dynamic in recent language history, such as the vocabularies of society and politics, economy, traffic, natural science, everyday culture, and so forth. These fields are dealt with in separate work units of several years each, allowing for a consistent lexicographical description. The most significant feature of WGd, however, is its style of presentation: Instead of providing a traditional entry structure consisting of definitions and quotations, the entries of WGd are written as continuous texts charting the semantic evolution of a word within its intra- and extra-linguistic context.","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49134617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1353/dic.2023.a904540
A. Villalva, Esperança Cardeira
ABSTRACT:This paper explores the origins and evolution of cardinal point names in Portuguese. The authors draw on historical dictionaries and corpora to hypothesize that the shift from Latin to Germanic names was due to the changing paradigm of navigation across the Atlantic Ocean. The text discusses the history of the compass rose and the succession of borrowings in nautical terminology, as well as the importance of studying early dictionaries and corpora to understand lexical change over time. Ultimately, the authors conclude that the adoption of Germanic names was necessary due to the inadequacy of the old names for a new world.
{"title":"The Compass Rose Names: Portuguese Data from Early Dictionaries and Textual Sources","authors":"A. Villalva, Esperança Cardeira","doi":"10.1353/dic.2023.a904540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2023.a904540","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This paper explores the origins and evolution of cardinal point names in Portuguese. The authors draw on historical dictionaries and corpora to hypothesize that the shift from Latin to Germanic names was due to the changing paradigm of navigation across the Atlantic Ocean. The text discusses the history of the compass rose and the succession of borrowings in nautical terminology, as well as the importance of studying early dictionaries and corpora to understand lexical change over time. Ultimately, the authors conclude that the adoption of Germanic names was necessary due to the inadequacy of the old names for a new world.","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49076254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1353/dic.2023.a904547
{"title":"Notes on Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/dic.2023.a904547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2023.a904547","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136217611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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