ABSTRACT:This paper focuses on the challenge that the revised edition of the English Dialect Dictionary Online (EDD Online), planned for 2022 as version 4.0, raises regarding the large number of sources used by Joseph Wright in his comprehensive English Dialect Dictionary (EDD; 1898–1905). In particular, it discusses the possibilities and limits of combining queries on sources with the various other search parameters and filters in the presently available online version of the EDD, thus paving the way for its improvement. This online version 3.0 was the product of a long-term project undertaken at the University of Inns-bruck. In the face of the intended revision work on our interface, the ten search parameters—from headwords to phrases—and the seven co-filters, such as usage labels, are tested in their relation to the filter sources, also considering the four different types of sources. Sections 2 to 5, after the Introduction, demonstrate these four types in turn. Given that any document of historiography, including language history as provided by the EDD, is only as good as its sources, the scrupulous analysis of Wright’s sources and of the limits of their compatibility with other search criteria is seen as an essential part of the overdue fair criticism of Wright’s unique achievement. The issue of the compatibility of search criteria in computerized dictionaries poses a new challenge that scholars have hardly responded to.
{"title":"Wright’s Sources: Compatibility with Other Filters and Parameters in EDD Online 4.0","authors":"M. Markus","doi":"10.1353/dic.2021.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2021.0026","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This paper focuses on the challenge that the revised edition of the English Dialect Dictionary Online (EDD Online), planned for 2022 as version 4.0, raises regarding the large number of sources used by Joseph Wright in his comprehensive English Dialect Dictionary (EDD; 1898–1905). In particular, it discusses the possibilities and limits of combining queries on sources with the various other search parameters and filters in the presently available online version of the EDD, thus paving the way for its improvement. This online version 3.0 was the product of a long-term project undertaken at the University of Inns-bruck. In the face of the intended revision work on our interface, the ten search parameters—from headwords to phrases—and the seven co-filters, such as usage labels, are tested in their relation to the filter sources, also considering the four different types of sources. Sections 2 to 5, after the Introduction, demonstrate these four types in turn. Given that any document of historiography, including language history as provided by the EDD, is only as good as its sources, the scrupulous analysis of Wright’s sources and of the limits of their compatibility with other search criteria is seen as an essential part of the overdue fair criticism of Wright’s unique achievement. The issue of the compatibility of search criteria in computerized dictionaries poses a new challenge that scholars have hardly responded to.","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43155479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:Le Grand Dictionnaire Chinois–Français Contemporain (GDCFC) was published in China in 2014. It is at present the largest dictionary of its kind and contains a number of innovative features. To know a dictionary and its design features, it helps to know its editor and his academic work. This is especially true of this dictionary, in that dictionary-making projects in China are in most cases chief-editor-oriented. Jianhua Huang, the chief editor of the GDCFC, accumulated rich experience in lexicographical practice and spent two decades exploring all aspects of theoretical lexicography before starting to compile the dictionary. This paper first addresses Huang’s lexicography as a preparation and underpinning for the GDCFC and then examines the dictionary itself. The examination is carried out at two levels. At the macrostructural level, the focus is mainly on its coverage and headword selection, in comparison to its sole source dictionary, A Modern Chinese Dictionary (6th edn, 2012). At the microstructural level, the focus is on sense translation, illustrative example allocation and translation, and grammatical and pragmatical labeling, in comparison with A Chinese–EnglishDictionary (3rd edn, 2010), a well-established Chinese–English counterpart. This examination reveals that the GDCFC is lexicographically well-designed and that it has to a large extent achieved the goal of combining a reference dictionary and a learner’s dictionary into one.
{"title":"Jianhua Huang’s Lexicography and his Grand Dictionnaire Chinois–Français Contemporain (2014)","authors":"Bing Tian","doi":"10.1353/dic.2021.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2021.0016","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Le Grand Dictionnaire Chinois–Français Contemporain (GDCFC) was published in China in 2014. It is at present the largest dictionary of its kind and contains a number of innovative features. To know a dictionary and its design features, it helps to know its editor and his academic work. This is especially true of this dictionary, in that dictionary-making projects in China are in most cases chief-editor-oriented. Jianhua Huang, the chief editor of the GDCFC, accumulated rich experience in lexicographical practice and spent two decades exploring all aspects of theoretical lexicography before starting to compile the dictionary. This paper first addresses Huang’s lexicography as a preparation and underpinning for the GDCFC and then examines the dictionary itself. The examination is carried out at two levels. At the macrostructural level, the focus is mainly on its coverage and headword selection, in comparison to its sole source dictionary, A Modern Chinese Dictionary (6th edn, 2012). At the microstructural level, the focus is on sense translation, illustrative example allocation and translation, and grammatical and pragmatical labeling, in comparison with A Chinese–EnglishDictionary (3rd edn, 2010), a well-established Chinese–English counterpart. This examination reveals that the GDCFC is lexicographically well-designed and that it has to a large extent achieved the goal of combining a reference dictionary and a learner’s dictionary into one.","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46291859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"William J. Frawley: In Memoriam","authors":"M. Adams","doi":"10.1353/dic.2021.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2021.0029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44780855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ronald R. Butters: In Memoriam","authors":"Jennifer Westerhaus Adams","doi":"10.1353/dic.2021.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2021.0028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47766257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Global Events and Social Change Affect Modern Lexicography","authors":"Ben Zimmer","doi":"10.1353/dic.2021.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2021.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48102437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:For the past two or three decades, under the influence of the interpretive method called textualism, courts have increasingly turned to general dictionaries when interpreting the meaning of contested terms. And the rate of increase has been striking. This resort to dictionaries is suspect for two main reasons: as practiced, it's arbitrary and unsystematic; and it's linguistically questionable for determining meaning in a legal context. This article looks primarily at the first point-the courts' arbitrariness when choosing which definition to apply. Using three cases from the Michigan Supreme Court, the article argues that the Court majority cherry-picked a definition that did not seem to fit with an English speaker's common understanding of the term in context and that ran counter to common sense, practical considerations, or the statute's purpose. While dictionaries may have modest value in judicial decision-making, courts too often give them a greater role-to the exclusion of reasonable nontextual arguments.
{"title":"Scouring Dictionaries: Their Overuse and Misuse in the Courts","authors":"J. Kimble","doi":"10.1353/dic.2021.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2021.0000","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:For the past two or three decades, under the influence of the interpretive method called textualism, courts have increasingly turned to general dictionaries when interpreting the meaning of contested terms. And the rate of increase has been striking. This resort to dictionaries is suspect for two main reasons: as practiced, it's arbitrary and unsystematic; and it's linguistically questionable for determining meaning in a legal context. This article looks primarily at the first point-the courts' arbitrariness when choosing which definition to apply. Using three cases from the Michigan Supreme Court, the article argues that the Court majority cherry-picked a definition that did not seem to fit with an English speaker's common understanding of the term in context and that ran counter to common sense, practical considerations, or the statute's purpose. While dictionaries may have modest value in judicial decision-making, courts too often give them a greater role-to the exclusion of reasonable nontextual arguments.","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42509226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:This forum presents the keynote session at the 23rd Biennial Meeting of the Dictionary Society of North America on June 4, 2021, consisting of addresses by Kory Stamper and Bryan Garner bookended by an introduction and discussion facilitated by Lane Greene. Not unusually for 2021, but unusually for the DSNA, the meeting took place entirely online. Stamper and Garner's talks concerned lexicographers' responsibilities and limitations with respect to the question of dictionary authority and often reflected on the historical and changing relationships between dictionary editors and audiences. A lightly edited transcript of the discussion that followed the talks is included here. A bibliography of non-dictionary works cited during the session appears at the end of this forum.
{"title":"Dictionaries as Authorities: Can They and Should They?","authors":"Kory Stamper, B. Garner, Lane Greene","doi":"10.1353/dic.2021.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2021.0005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This forum presents the keynote session at the 23rd Biennial Meeting of the Dictionary Society of North America on June 4, 2021, consisting of addresses by Kory Stamper and Bryan Garner bookended by an introduction and discussion facilitated by Lane Greene. Not unusually for 2021, but unusually for the DSNA, the meeting took place entirely online. Stamper and Garner's talks concerned lexicographers' responsibilities and limitations with respect to the question of dictionary authority and often reflected on the historical and changing relationships between dictionary editors and audiences. A lightly edited transcript of the discussion that followed the talks is included here. A bibliography of non-dictionary works cited during the session appears at the end of this forum.","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41256391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discovery in Haste: English Medical Dictionaries and Lexicographers 1547 to 1796 by Roderick McConchie (review)","authors":"Erin E. Sweany","doi":"10.1353/dic.2021.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2021.0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42081335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:The present article—in four parts, of which this is the final installment—is a history of the Dictionary Society of North America (DSNA) in its infancy and youth, and thus also a chapter in the history of the language sciences more generally, as well as a contribution to the sociology of organizations. Whereas the first three installments described the founding of DSNA, its leadership, and its membership during the society's early years, respectively, this installment focuses on its conferences and publications. DSNA originated in conferences of the early 1970s, and biennial conferences became central to DSNA's intellectual and social activity from 1977 throughout DSNA's history. Although it struggled to organize a publications program early on, the DSNA Newsletter has appeared twice annually since 1977, and the inaugural issue of the society's journal, Dictionaries, appeared in 1979. For a while, alongside these typical learned-society organs some of DSNA's leaders hoped to establish series of conference proceedings and monographs, but there performance, if not ambition, faltered. The newsletter and journal continue to thrive, but in those early years they faced challenges. This installment of the history explains how those challenges were resolved into what became the public identity of DSNA and celebrates the success of the scholarly activities in the society's early period—conferences, the newsletter, and the journal are all thriving today, and not by historical accident.
{"title":"The Dictionary Society of North America: A History of the Early Years (Part IV)","authors":"Michael D. Adams","doi":"10.1353/dic.2021.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2021.0002","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The present article—in four parts, of which this is the final installment—is a history of the Dictionary Society of North America (DSNA) in its infancy and youth, and thus also a chapter in the history of the language sciences more generally, as well as a contribution to the sociology of organizations. Whereas the first three installments described the founding of DSNA, its leadership, and its membership during the society's early years, respectively, this installment focuses on its conferences and publications. DSNA originated in conferences of the early 1970s, and biennial conferences became central to DSNA's intellectual and social activity from 1977 throughout DSNA's history. Although it struggled to organize a publications program early on, the DSNA Newsletter has appeared twice annually since 1977, and the inaugural issue of the society's journal, Dictionaries, appeared in 1979. For a while, alongside these typical learned-society organs some of DSNA's leaders hoped to establish series of conference proceedings and monographs, but there performance, if not ambition, faltered. The newsletter and journal continue to thrive, but in those early years they faced challenges. This installment of the history explains how those challenges were resolved into what became the public identity of DSNA and celebrates the success of the scholarly activities in the society's early period—conferences, the newsletter, and the journal are all thriving today, and not by historical accident.","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43794218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dictionaries in the Public Eye","authors":"Anne Curzan","doi":"10.1353/dic.2021.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2021.0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35106,"journal":{"name":"Dictionaries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46353492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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