This paper presents research on creating interactive prototypes for visualizing temporal spatial relationships in fictional literary texts. Developed within the context of the Chronotopic Cartographies project, a practice-led inquiry yielded dynamic visualizations from literary texts, the research explores the development and application of interactive three-dimensional environments illustrating the ‘chronotopic’, time-space relationships across a series of fictional literary texts. Expert feedback highlights the potential of the interaction model as a useful visual paradigm for supporting methods of reflective inquiry hypothesis making. The work also represents a potential model for creating interactive temporal visualizations which support hypothesis making across a broader sphere of the humanities.
{"title":"A dynamic topography for visualizing time and space in fictional literary texts","authors":"Andrew Richardson, Duncan Hay","doi":"10.1075/idj.22010.ric","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.22010.ric","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents research on creating interactive prototypes for visualizing temporal spatial relationships in\u0000 fictional literary texts. Developed within the context of the Chronotopic Cartographies project, a practice-led inquiry yielded\u0000 dynamic visualizations from literary texts, the research explores the development and application of interactive three-dimensional\u0000 environments illustrating the ‘chronotopic’, time-space relationships across a series of fictional literary texts. Expert feedback\u0000 highlights the potential of the interaction model as a useful visual paradigm for supporting methods of reflective inquiry\u0000 hypothesis making. The work also represents a potential model for creating interactive temporal visualizations which support\u0000 hypothesis making across a broader sphere of the humanities.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45896185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qualitative uncertainty refers to the implicit and underlying issues that are imbued in data, such as the circumstances of its collection, its storage or even biases and assumptions made by its authors. Although such uncertainty can jeopardize the validity of the data analysis, it is often overlooked in visualizations, due to it being indirect and non-quantifiable. In this paper we present two case studies within the digital humanities in which we examined how to integrate uncertainty in our visualization designs. Using these cases as a starting point we propose four considerations for data visualization research in relation to indirect, qualitative uncertainty: (1) we suggest that uncertainty in visualization should be examined within its socio-technological context, (2) we propose the use of interaction design patterns to design for it, (3) we argue for more attention to be paid to the data generation process in the humanities, and (4) we call for the further development of participatory activities specifically catered for understanding qualitative uncertainties. While our findings are grounded in the humanities, we believe that these considerations can be beneficial for other settings where indirect uncertainty plays an equally prevalent role.
{"title":"Communicating qualitative uncertainty in data visualization","authors":"G. Panagiotidou, A. Vande Moere","doi":"10.1075/idj.22014.pan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.22014.pan","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Qualitative uncertainty refers to the implicit and underlying issues that are imbued in data, such as the\u0000 circumstances of its collection, its storage or even biases and assumptions made by its authors. Although such uncertainty can\u0000 jeopardize the validity of the data analysis, it is often overlooked in visualizations, due to it being indirect and\u0000 non-quantifiable. In this paper we present two case studies within the digital humanities in which we examined how to integrate\u0000 uncertainty in our visualization designs. Using these cases as a starting point we propose four considerations for data\u0000 visualization research in relation to indirect, qualitative uncertainty: (1) we suggest that uncertainty in visualization should\u0000 be examined within its socio-technological context, (2) we propose the use of interaction design patterns to design for it, (3) we\u0000 argue for more attention to be paid to the data generation process in the humanities, and (4) we call for the further development\u0000 of participatory activities specifically catered for understanding qualitative uncertainties. While our findings are grounded in\u0000 the humanities, we believe that these considerations can be beneficial for other settings where indirect uncertainty plays an\u0000 equally prevalent role.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47155421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Walker, J. Bravo, Alyssa Edwards, Julie Hart, Gemma Little
This paper summarises a cross-disciplinary project that explored ways of making instructions, funded as part of the UK COVID-19 rapid-response initiative. The project explored ways of making instructions for COVID-19 Lateral Flow Tests easy for lay people to use. Our method comprised rapid design decision making, where we used existing research, good practice in information design and consultation with diagnostic experts as part of the design process. Iterative review by a panel of users informed the development of prototype instructions: small studies investigated user preference for diagrams, and gathered feedback on the graphic articulation of the procedural steps involved in carrying out the test.
{"title":"Instructions for COVID-19 self-tests","authors":"S. Walker, J. Bravo, Alyssa Edwards, Julie Hart, Gemma Little","doi":"10.1075/idj.22011.wal","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.22011.wal","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper summarises a cross-disciplinary project that explored ways of making instructions, funded as part of the UK COVID-19 rapid-response initiative. The project explored ways of making instructions for COVID-19 Lateral Flow Tests easy for lay people to use. Our method comprised rapid design decision making, where we used existing research, good practice in information design and consultation with diagnostic experts as part of the design process. Iterative review by a panel of users informed the development of prototype instructions: small studies investigated user preference for diagrams, and gathered feedback on the graphic articulation of the procedural steps involved in carrying out the test.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43682628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hendrie, H. Mushkin, S. Lombeyda, Scott Davidoff
Data visualization frequently provides audiences with novel semantic and computational presentations. How does a multifaceted team expand this scope by harnessing the power of visualization as a tool to think with? The NASA JPL/Caltech/ ArtCenter data visualization program demonstrates how scientific knowledge, shaped from data and theory, is equally co-constructed from diverse human perspectives. We will share case studies from Mars Rover Path planning and PIXLISE, a visual reasoning tool for understanding planetary geology. Working from source data through mixed media artifacts, these projects explore co-design methods for complex scientific domains with real-world applications. Our methodology emphasizes that all participants in the co-design process are both learners and experts. In this dynamic, the design and coding process are unique modes of critical discovery.
{"title":"JPL/Caltech ArtCenter","authors":"M. Hendrie, H. Mushkin, S. Lombeyda, Scott Davidoff","doi":"10.1075/idj.22009.hen","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.22009.hen","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Data visualization frequently provides audiences with novel semantic and computational presentations. How does a\u0000 multifaceted team expand this scope by harnessing the power of visualization as a tool to think with? The NASA JPL/Caltech/\u0000 ArtCenter data visualization program demonstrates how scientific knowledge, shaped from data and theory, is equally co-constructed\u0000 from diverse human perspectives. We will share case studies from Mars Rover Path planning and PIXLISE, a visual reasoning tool for\u0000 understanding planetary geology. Working from source data through mixed media artifacts, these projects explore co-design methods\u0000 for complex scientific domains with real-world applications. Our methodology emphasizes that all participants in the co-design\u0000 process are both learners and experts. In this dynamic, the design and coding process are unique modes of critical discovery.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44484089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article argues in favor of representing the spatial distribution of information within and between documents, by surveying a broad variety of potential applications, including the entire document lifecycle, multiple sensory modalities, and a large spectrum of tasks and users. The theoretical explanations of this richness are a further facet of the article, and can be summarized as follows: (1) insights emerge from focusing on information structure, rather than information meaning; (2) spatializing information creates new information; (3) simplification increases the polyvalence of representation models; (4) introducing mystery in communication channels motivates discovery and diversifies insights; (5) approaching information design as a Gesamtkunstwerk multiplies the applications; (6) information is a manifestation of a link between structures and the actions these enable, while information design is the art and science of creating such links. The argument is developed around the concrete example of a document structure visualization, the Document Towers, which uses the metaphor of architectural models to represent documents.
{"title":"Applications of the Document Towers method of representing document\u0000 structures","authors":"Vlad Atanasiu","doi":"10.1075/idj.20026.ata","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.20026.ata","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article argues in favor of representing the spatial\u0000 distribution of information within and between documents, by surveying a broad\u0000 variety of potential applications, including the entire document lifecycle,\u0000 multiple sensory modalities, and a large spectrum of tasks and users. The\u0000 theoretical explanations of this richness are a further facet of the article,\u0000 and can be summarized as follows: (1) insights emerge from focusing on\u0000 information structure, rather than information meaning; (2) spatializing\u0000 information creates new information; (3) simplification increases the\u0000 polyvalence of representation models; (4) introducing mystery in communication\u0000 channels motivates discovery and diversifies insights; (5) approaching\u0000 information design as a Gesamtkunstwerk multiplies the\u0000 applications; (6) information is a manifestation of a link between structures\u0000 and the actions these enable, while information design is the art and science of\u0000 creating such links. The argument is developed around the concrete example of a\u0000 document structure visualization, the Document Towers, which uses the metaphor\u0000 of architectural models to represent documents.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47186865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pension participants face complex decisions which require them to choose between multiple alternatives that have different consequences, that vary in likelihood, and that often relate to different values. In the medical domain, ample research has been conducted on how to support patients in making such decisions, yielding three important lessons. First, by emphasizing the gist of information, the information becomes more meaningful to participants. Second, value clarification methods should be used to help participants retrieve or form their own values and compare those with the decision alternatives. Third, simple static visual aids facilitate the comprehension of statistics and probabilities.
{"title":"Designing pension communication","authors":"Jelle Strikwerda, B. Holleman, H. Hoeken","doi":"10.1075/idj.21011.str","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.21011.str","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Pension participants face complex decisions which require them to choose between multiple alternatives that have different consequences, that vary in likelihood, and that often relate to different values. In the medical domain, ample research has been conducted on how to support patients in making such decisions, yielding three important lessons. First, by emphasizing the gist of information, the information becomes more meaningful to participants. Second, value clarification methods should be used to help participants retrieve or form their own values and compare those with the decision alternatives. Third, simple static visual aids facilitate the comprehension of statistics and probabilities.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44331900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Typography is an essential foundation for graphic design and information design. The teaching of this subject aims to set background knowledge on aspects such as the production and use of letterforms. In this article, we present an approach to teaching typography based on information design as an instrument for understanding and analyze results of students’ production of print posters during classes. We designed an integrative activity that sought to make them experience different facets of typography, from its relation with calligraphy to the sculptural nature of printing types and digital vector drawing on the computer, with an active learning approach.
{"title":"From pen to movable type","authors":"Christopher Hammerschmidt, Dominique Leite Adam","doi":"10.1075/idj.19037.ham","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.19037.ham","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Typography is an essential foundation for graphic design and information design. The teaching of this subject aims to set background knowledge on aspects such as the production and use of letterforms. In this article, we present an approach to teaching typography based on information design as an instrument for understanding and analyze results of students’ production of print posters during classes. We designed an integrative activity that sought to make them experience different facets of typography, from its relation with calligraphy to the sculptural nature of printing types and digital vector drawing on the computer, with an active learning approach.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49203222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Narratives are an effective way of presenting persuasive health communication because audience members can be transported into the story plot, which is shown to reduce various types of resistance. Using a laboratory experiment (N = 144), this study examined the effects of different narrative structures on transportation and counterarguing. Results suggest that a narrative presenting events in chronological order increases transportation in the case of people who are not affected by the health issue addressed in the communication, and that transportation reduces counterarguing. The study also found that such narratives increase counterarguing in general.
{"title":"The effects of different narrative structures in public service announcements on transportation and counterarguing","authors":"Perina Siegenthaler, Andreas Fahr, Alexander Ort","doi":"10.1075/idj.20019.sie","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.20019.sie","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Narratives are an effective way of presenting persuasive health communication because audience members can be transported into the story plot, which is shown to reduce various types of resistance. Using a laboratory experiment (N = 144), this study examined the effects of different narrative structures on transportation and counterarguing. Results suggest that a narrative presenting events in chronological order increases transportation in the case of people who are not affected by the health issue addressed in the communication, and that transportation reduces counterarguing. The study also found that such narratives increase counterarguing in general.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48718720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan D. Ericson, William S. Albert, Benjamin P. Bernard, Elizabeth Brown
An online survey (N = 810) examined the impact of design best practices on the perceived usability of End-User License Agreements (EULAs). Redesigning a EULA according to best-practices (without changing the EULA’s terms and conditions) led to higher perceived usability while responses to attitudinal (perceived reasonableness of conditions) and behavioral (anticipated agreement and use) items were unaffected. Readers (who reported reading EULAs frequently) (a) provided more positive evaluations of EULAs and (b) were more likely to anticipate agreeing to EULA terms than non-readers. These results suggest that best practices in document design can improve the usability of End-User License Agreements.
{"title":"End-User License Agreements (EULAs)","authors":"Jonathan D. Ericson, William S. Albert, Benjamin P. Bernard, Elizabeth Brown","doi":"10.1075/idj.20018.eri","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.20018.eri","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000An online survey (N = 810) examined the impact of design best practices on the perceived usability of End-User License Agreements (EULAs). Redesigning a EULA according to best-practices (without changing the EULA’s terms and conditions) led to higher perceived usability while responses to attitudinal (perceived reasonableness of conditions) and behavioral (anticipated agreement and use) items were unaffected. Readers (who reported reading EULAs frequently) (a) provided more positive evaluations of EULAs and (b) were more likely to anticipate agreeing to EULA terms than non-readers. These results suggest that best practices in document design can improve the usability of End-User License Agreements.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43470022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20211130-00401
J P Zhang, X Yuan, X P Jiang, J Liu, Z Chen, Y P Li, H X Wang
<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The surgical reconstruction strategy for scar contracture deformity in chin and neck was explored, aiming to obtain better aesthetic outcome. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective observational study was conducted. From December 2017 to April 2021, 34 patients with scar contracture deformity in chin and neck after burns were hospitalized in the Department of Plastic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), aged 12-54 years, including 13 males and 21 females, 4 cases with chin affected only, 7 cases with neck affected only, and 23 cases with both chin and neck affected. The scar areas were 48-252 cm<sup>2</sup>. All the patients were treated by operation with expanded flaps, following the "MRIS" principle of matching of the color and thickness of the repair flaps (match), reconstructing of the aesthetic features of subunits (reconstruction), design of incision according to the plastic principle (incision), and prevention of the surgical incision scar (scar). The rectangular or kidney shaped skin and soft tissue expander (hereinafter referred to as the expander) with rated capacity of 80-400 mL was embedded in the first stage, which was routinely expanded to 3-5 times of the rated capacity of the expander. In the second stage, scar resection and expanded flap excision were performed to repair the secondary wound, and the flap donor site was sutured directly. The expansion ratio of the expander (with average value being calculated), the type of flaps used, the reconstruction of local aesthetic morphology, the appearance of postoperative incision, the survival of flap, and the situation of donor and recipient sites observed during follow-up were recorded. <b>Results:</b> Among the 34 patients, the average expansion ratio of the implanted expander was 3.82 times of the rated capacity of the expander. Three cases were repaired by the expanded local pedicled flap only, 19 cases by the expanded shoulder and/or chest perforator pedicled flap only, 10 cases by the expanded local pedicled flap combined with the expanded shoulder and/or chest perforator pedicled flap, and 2 cases by the expanded local pedicled flap combined with the expanded free flap of the second intercostal perforator of internal thoracic artery. After scar resection, the shapes of lower lip and chin-lip groove were reconstructed in 10 cases, chin process reconstruction and chin lengthening were performed in 16 cases, and the cervico-mental angle and mandibular margin contour were reconstructed in 28 cases. The surgical incision was concealed, most of which were located at the natural junction or turning point of the chin and neck subunits. The vertical incision of neck was Z-shaped or fishtail-shaped. All the expanded flaps in 34 patients survived after operation, of which 8 patients had minor necrosis at the edge or tip of the expanded flaps 1-3 days after operation and healed after dressing change. Du
{"title":"[Aesthetic reconstruction of the scar contracture deformity in chin and neck with expanded flaps based on the \"MRIS\" principle].","authors":"J P Zhang, X Yuan, X P Jiang, J Liu, Z Chen, Y P Li, H X Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20211130-00401","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20211130-00401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The surgical reconstruction strategy for scar contracture deformity in chin and neck was explored, aiming to obtain better aesthetic outcome. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective observational study was conducted. From December 2017 to April 2021, 34 patients with scar contracture deformity in chin and neck after burns were hospitalized in the Department of Plastic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), aged 12-54 years, including 13 males and 21 females, 4 cases with chin affected only, 7 cases with neck affected only, and 23 cases with both chin and neck affected. The scar areas were 48-252 cm<sup>2</sup>. All the patients were treated by operation with expanded flaps, following the \"MRIS\" principle of matching of the color and thickness of the repair flaps (match), reconstructing of the aesthetic features of subunits (reconstruction), design of incision according to the plastic principle (incision), and prevention of the surgical incision scar (scar). The rectangular or kidney shaped skin and soft tissue expander (hereinafter referred to as the expander) with rated capacity of 80-400 mL was embedded in the first stage, which was routinely expanded to 3-5 times of the rated capacity of the expander. In the second stage, scar resection and expanded flap excision were performed to repair the secondary wound, and the flap donor site was sutured directly. The expansion ratio of the expander (with average value being calculated), the type of flaps used, the reconstruction of local aesthetic morphology, the appearance of postoperative incision, the survival of flap, and the situation of donor and recipient sites observed during follow-up were recorded. <b>Results:</b> Among the 34 patients, the average expansion ratio of the implanted expander was 3.82 times of the rated capacity of the expander. Three cases were repaired by the expanded local pedicled flap only, 19 cases by the expanded shoulder and/or chest perforator pedicled flap only, 10 cases by the expanded local pedicled flap combined with the expanded shoulder and/or chest perforator pedicled flap, and 2 cases by the expanded local pedicled flap combined with the expanded free flap of the second intercostal perforator of internal thoracic artery. After scar resection, the shapes of lower lip and chin-lip groove were reconstructed in 10 cases, chin process reconstruction and chin lengthening were performed in 16 cases, and the cervico-mental angle and mandibular margin contour were reconstructed in 28 cases. The surgical incision was concealed, most of which were located at the natural junction or turning point of the chin and neck subunits. The vertical incision of neck was Z-shaped or fishtail-shaped. All the expanded flaps in 34 patients survived after operation, of which 8 patients had minor necrosis at the edge or tip of the expanded flaps 1-3 days after operation and healed after dressing change. Du","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"306-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80655948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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