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Factor Analysis of Inhibitors to Uptake of Information and Communication Technology for Teaching and Learning Among Pre-Service Teachers in the University 大学职前教师在教学中使用信息通信技术的阻碍因素分析
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.4314/kje.v2i2.35
A. Shittu, R. Bello, A.A. Gambaki
The concern of this study resides in establishing the inhibitors to uptake of ICT for teaching and learning among pre-service teacher in a university in Nigeria. The study adopted quantitative research approach and of survey type. The final year students of faculty of education constituted the sample of the study. In all, two hundred and two (202) students were purposively used as sample for the study. An adapted and modify questionnaires was used for gathering the data of the study. Prior to the administration of the instrument it was subjected to pilot testing to ascertain its psychometric properties. The reliability of the instrument was established through Cronbach alpha analysis that yielded .82 coefficients. Three research questions were raised to guide the study. The data of the study was subjected to series of analysis including descriptive and factor analysis. The finding showed that there are three major underlying factors that constitute inhibitors to uptake of ICT for teaching among pre-service teachers. Each of the factors contributes to 34%, 19% and 2% variance explained on the each of the three underlined dimension. The factors are embedded in attitudinal and school related factors. The study reported the implications of the findings for the university administrator, teachers’educator and lecturers.
本研究的关注在于建立尼日利亚一所大学职前教师在教学和学习中吸收ICT的抑制剂。本研究采用定量研究方法和调查式。本研究以教育学院毕业班学生为样本。总共有202名学生被有意用作研究样本。本研究采用了一份经过改编和修改的问卷来收集研究数据。在使用该仪器之前,对其进行了初步测试,以确定其心理测量特性。通过Cronbach alpha分析确定仪器的可靠性,系数为0.82。提出了三个研究问题来指导研究。对研究数据进行了一系列的分析,包括描述性分析和因子分析。研究结果表明,有三个主要的潜在因素构成了职前教师在教学中采用ICT的抑制因素。每个因素贡献了34%,19%和2%的方差,解释了三个下划线的维度。这些因素隐含在态度和学校相关因素中。该研究报告了对大学管理者、教师教育者和讲师的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Teachers' Perception on Influence of Social Adjustment on Academic Performance of Students with Mild Mental Retardation in Gombe State Special School 冈贝国立特殊学校教师对轻度智障学生学业成绩影响的认知
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.4314/kje.v2i2.27
Ruqaiya Shehu, S. Gombe, Z. Yahaya
This study focused on determining the perception of teachers on influence of social adjustment on academic performance in West African Examinations Council/National Examinations Council (WAEC/NECO) of students with mild mental retardation in Gombe state, with emphasis on special secondary school. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. A total population of 37 teachers were used as respondents. Using drop and pick method, data was collected using adapted social adjustment (questionnaire) from Mei- Yin, Huei – Shyong & Cheng-Jung (2000) in Taiwan with 22 items. The instrument was reduced to 18 items. The instrument was validated by 2 experts and reliability was of 0.82 was obtained through Chronbach’s Alfa coefficient determination formula and the original reported reliability is 0.85. Data was analysed using descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean and SD) statistics. The study found that level of academic performance WAEC/NECO of mentally retarded students is moderate in Gombe state special school, while the level of social adjustment on academic performance WAEC/NECO of mentally retarded students was found to be high as perceived by the teachers. The study concludes that the teachers in Gombe state special school are heterogeneous and social adjustment has great influence on academic performance of mentally retarded students. The study recommends that government should make it a policy that, all mentally retarded persons between the ages of 5-7 are subjected to social adjustment programmes which will transit them into formal school system and parents of mentally retarded children should improve their closeness with their children and also build in hope of their rehabilitation.
本研究的重点是确定教师对西非考试委员会/国家考试委员会(WAEC/NECO)轻度智力迟钝学生学业成绩影响的看法,重点是特殊中学。本研究采用描述性调查设计。调查对象为37名教师。本研究采用“丢取法”,采用台湾Mei- Yin、Huei - Shyong、Cheng-Jung(2000)的适应性社会适应问卷,共22项。仪器减少到18个项目。仪器经2位专家验证,通过Chronbach 's Alfa系数确定公式得到信度为0.82,原始报告信度为0.85。采用描述性统计(频率、百分比、平均值和标准差)对数据进行分析。研究发现,贡贝州立特殊学校弱智学生学业成绩WAEC/NECO水平为中等,而教师认为弱智学生学业成绩WAEC/NECO的社会适应水平较高。研究发现,贡贝州立特殊学校的教师具有异质性,社会适应对弱智学生的学习成绩有较大的影响。研究报告建议,政府应制定一项政策,使所有5至7岁之间的智障人士都接受社会调整方案,使他们进入正规学校系统,而智障儿童的父母应改善与子女的亲密关系,并对他们的康复抱有希望。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of Cognitive Restructuring Counselling Technique in Managing Anxiety Among Couples with Infertility Challenges in Gombe State, Nigeria 认知重组咨询技术在尼日利亚贡贝州不孕夫妇焦虑管理中的有效性
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.4314/kje.v2i2.20
Yahaya Ishaka
This study investigated the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring counselling technique in managing  anxiety among couples with infertility challenges in Gombe State, Nigeria. The population of this study was seventy-six (76) couples of reproductive age with infertility challenges that were registered and receiving infertility treatment at the two Government owned hospitals selected for this study. These are: Federal teaching hospital, Gombe and Specialist Hospital Gombe. Forty-two (42) patients accessing infertility treatment from Federal teaching hospital and thirty-four (34) patients accessing infertility treatment from specialist hospital Gombe (i.e. 42+34 = 76). Thirty-eight (38) couples were selected to participate in the study. The researcher employed quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test and control group design, in which selected couples were assigned to two experimental groups. The experimental group were treated with cognitive restructuring counselling tecnique while the control group didn’t receive any treatment. The treatments were carried out within eight weeks of counselling sessions. Group counselling method was employed in the study. Each of the subjects was administered with pre-test/post-test research instrument using Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) Two research objectives and two research hypotheses were formulated. The data collected were analyzed using dependent sample t-test to test hypothesis 1 and independent t-test was used to test hypothesis 2 at 0.05 level of significance. Results from data analysis revealed that cognitive restructuring counselling technique was effective in managing anxiety among couples with infertility challenges. It was also recommended that cognitive restructuring should be used in managing anxiety level of couples faced with infertility challenges in various health centres.
本研究调查了认知重组咨询技术在尼日利亚贡贝州不孕不育夫妇中管理焦虑的有效性。本研究的研究对象是76对育龄夫妇,他们患有不孕症,在为本研究选择的两家政府所有的医院登记并接受不孕症治疗。它们是:贡贝联邦教学医院和贡贝专科医院。42(42)名患者在联邦教学医院接受不孕症治疗,34(34)名患者在贡贝专科医院接受不孕症治疗(即42+34 = 76)。38对夫妇被选中参与这项研究。研究者采用准实验前测/后测和对照组设计,将选择的夫妇分为两个实验组。实验组给予认知重构辅导技术治疗,对照组不给予任何治疗。治疗是在咨询会议的八周内进行的。本研究采用小组辅导方法。采用贝克焦虑量表(Beck Anxiety Inventory, BAI)对被试进行前测/后测研究。对收集到的数据进行分析,采用依赖样本t检验检验假设1,采用独立t检验检验假设2,在0.05的显著性水平下。数据分析结果显示,认知重构咨询技术在管理不孕不育夫妇的焦虑方面是有效的。还建议在各个保健中心对面临不孕症挑战的夫妇进行认知重组,以管理他们的焦虑程度。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating The Status of Local Government Education Authority in Providing Quality Learning Environment in Gombe Local Government Area of Gombe State 调查贡贝州贡贝地方政府区地方政府教育机构在提供优质学习环境中的地位
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.4314/kje.v2i2.29
A. Bappah
This study investigated the status of Local Government Education Authority in providing quality Learning Environment in Gombe Local Government Area; two objectives were used to guide the study. The study adopted survey research design, the population of the study comprised of 2,244 total number of teaching staff and head teachers in which 327 respondents were selected using simple random sampling. A four-point rating scale questionnaire consisting of 14 items were used in collection of data. Data collected were analyzed using mean (X) and Standard deviation (Std.) The findings of the study revealed that the physical learning environment in primary schools is not sufficiently provided which may affect the quality of teaching and learning in primary school education. It’s also indicated a disagreement in the opinions of teachers and head teachers in GLEA in providing quality aesthetic learning environment at primary school. The Study among others, recommended that The LGEA should be supported and fully involved in decision making and funding of primary education through collaborative effort among all education stakeholders in providing quality attractive learning environment for children not just a supervisory role.
本研究调查了贡贝地方政府区地方政府教育主管部门在提供优质学习环境中的地位;两个目标被用来指导研究。本研究采用调查研究设计,研究对象为2244名教师和班主任,其中采用简单随机抽样法抽取327名受访者。数据收集采用四分制问卷,共14项。采用均值(X)和标准差(Std)对收集到的数据进行分析。研究结果表明,小学物理学习环境的提供不足,可能会影响小学教育的教与学质量。这也表明GLEA的教师和班主任在提供优质的小学审美学习环境方面存在分歧。除其他外,该研究建议教育评核局应支持和全面参与小学教育的决策和拨款,与所有教育持份者共同努力,为儿童提供优质有吸引力的学习环境,而不仅仅是一个监督角色。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Teacher Demonstration Video On Polytechnic Students’ Achievement in Shorthand in Zamfara State 教师示范视频对扎姆法拉州理工学院学生速记成绩的影响
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.4314/kje.v2i2.33
S. Shahid, A. Aniah, Z. E. Adamu, M. Adeyeye
The study examined the effect of teacher demonstration video on Polytechnic students’ achievement in Shorthand in Zamfara State. A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental and control group design was used in the study. A sample size of 185 students was obtained from the two intact classes of the two polytechnics that were used for this study. The polytechnics were assigned to treatment and control groups through simple random selection. The instrument for data collection was Shorthand Achievement Test (SHAT). It was validated by 3 educational technology experts and 5 Shorthand lecturers. The instrument was later subjected to reliability test and the data was computed using Pearson product Moment Correlation. A coefficient value of (r) .75 was obtained indicating that the instrument is reliable for the study. Data gathered from the field was computed and used to answer the research questions using mean and standard deviation while hypotheses were tested using t-test. All the analyses were conducted using SPSS version 23. The findings of the study revealed that significant difference exists in the Shorthand achievement scores of polytechnic students exposed to teacher demonstration video and those in the control group. It also revealed that significant difference exists in the Shorthand achievement scores of male and female polytechnic students exposed to teacher demonstration video. Based on these outcomes, the researchers recommended amongst others that Shorthand lecturers should critically examine the need, suitability in use, easy in operation and the possible benefits which is attainable in the use of video instruction in his shorthand class before deciding to apply it in order to avoid futile efforts at the end of the lesson.
本研究考察了教师示范影片对扎姆法拉州理工学院学生速记成绩的影响。本研究采用前测后测准实验和对照组设计。本研究从两所理工学院的两个完整班级中获得了185名学生的样本量。通过简单的随机选择将这些学生分为实验组和对照组。数据采集工具为速记成绩测验(SHAT)。由3名教育技术专家和5名速记讲师验证。随后对仪器进行了信度测试,并使用Pearson积矩相关法计算了数据。得到的系数值为(r) .75,表明该仪器对研究是可靠的。对现场收集的数据进行计算,并使用均值和标准差回答研究问题,同时使用t检验检验假设。所有分析均使用SPSS version 23进行。本研究发现,播放教师示范视频的中专学生的速记成绩与对照组存在显著差异。本研究还发现,观看教师示范视频的男女职业技术学院学生的速记成绩存在显著差异。基于这些结果,研究人员建议速写讲师在决定在速写课上使用视频教学之前,应批判性地检查其必要性、使用的适用性、操作的便利性以及可能获得的好处,以避免在课程结束时白费功夫。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived Causes of Infertility Among Married Adults in Kwara State, Nigeria 尼日利亚夸拉州已婚成年人不孕不育的已知原因
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.4314/kje.v2i2.24
N.O. Ariyo, M. B. Alwajud-Adewusi, A.A. Odenike, M. Gbadamosi
Infertility is one of the major causes of marital discord with damaging condition that exposes couple to emotional, physical and financial stress. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the perceived causes of infertility of married adults in Kwara State. The research design adopted for this study is descriptive survey method. The population of this study is all married adults in Kwara State while the target population comprised married adults in the seven selected Local Governments Areas from the three senatorial districts of Kwara State. 420 respondents were selected as the sample for the study. Proportional and simple random sampling techniques were employed by the authors to select the sample for this study. The instrument (questionnaire) used for this study was designed by the authors. Content validity of the instrument was ascertained, and the reliability of the instrument was established using test-retest method. The correlation of the two sets of scores using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation yielded a co-efficient R=0.81. The data collected was analysed using t-test and Analysis of Variance at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there were no significant differences on the perceived causes of infertility among married adults in Kwara state on the basis of age and gender. This study, therefore, recommended that Modern and assisted methods of conception such as intra-uterine insemination (IUT), Invitro fertilisation and embryo transfer (IVF/ET), gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT) should be encouraged by medical personnel and implemented by couples suffering from infertility. Counselling services should be organised regularly for couples to alleviate the impacts of infertility on the well-being of the couple.
不孕不育是导致婚姻不和谐的主要原因之一,它会给夫妻带来情感、身体和经济上的压力。因此,本研究旨在调查Kwara州已婚成年人不孕的原因。本研究采用的研究设计是描述性调查法。本研究的人口都是夸拉州的已婚成年人,而目标人口包括夸拉州三个参议院选区的七个选定地方政府区的已婚成年人。420名受访者被选为研究样本。作者采用比例和简单随机抽样技术来选择本研究的样本。本研究使用的工具(问卷)由作者自行设计。采用重测法确定了仪器的内容效度,建立了仪器的信度。使用皮尔逊积矩相关法对两组分数进行相关性分析,其系数R=0.81。收集的资料采用t检验和方差分析,显著性水平为0.05。调查结果显示,在Kwara州已婚成年人中,对不孕原因的认知在年龄和性别上没有显著差异。因此,本研究建议现代辅助受孕方法,如子宫内人工授精(IUT)、体外受精和胚胎移植(IVF/ET)、配子输卵管内移植(GIFT)等,应由医务人员鼓励,并由患有不孕症的夫妇实施。应定期为夫妇提供辅导服务,以减轻不孕对夫妇健康的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived Impact of Vocational Skills Acquisition On Reformation and Reduction of Recidivism by Ex-Convicts of Gombe Central Correctional Centre 职业技能习得对贡贝中央惩教中心刑满释放人员改造和减少再犯的感知影响
Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.4314/kje.v2i2.15
Diana Inusa
Reformation of prison inmates is one of the most utmost functions of the Nigerian Correctional Service. The main focus of this study was to assess the perceived impact of vocational skills acquisition on reformation and reduction of recidivism by ex-convicts of Gombe Central Correctional Center, Nigeria. The study used 30 ex-convicts who were jailed between six months and eight years. The instrument used for data collection was structured questionnaire which was validated by specialized in measurement and evaluation, and reliability test conducted in Faculty of Education, University of Maiduguri. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that most of the ex-convicts were male, with informal education and age range of between 21 and 40 years. The respondents engaged more in carpentry (37%) and Welding (33%). The vocational skills acquired by inmates had great and positive impact on their reformation. The study therefore recommends that: there is need for the Nigeria Correctional Service authorities to introduce more vocational skills acquisition programmes in Gombe Central Correctional Centre; Collaborative provision should be made between the Nigerian Correctional Service (NCS) and other agencies as well as other Vocational and Technical Education (VTE) centres towards promotion of rehabilitation of prison inmates through vocational skills acquisition programme.
改造监狱囚犯是尼日利亚惩教署最重要的职能之一。本研究的主要焦点是评估职业技能习得对尼日利亚贡贝中央惩教中心前罪犯改造和减少再犯的感知影响。这项研究调查了30名被监禁6个月至8年的前罪犯。数据收集工具采用结构化问卷,经专业测量和评估机构验证,并在迈杜古里大学教育学院进行了信度检验。收集的数据采用描述性统计、均值和标准差进行分析。调查结果显示,大多数前罪犯是男性,没有受过正规教育,年龄在21至40岁之间。受访者更多地从事木工(37%)和焊接(33%)。在押人员获得的职业技能对其改造有显著的积极影响。因此,该研究建议:尼日利亚惩教服务当局需要在贡贝中央惩教中心引入更多的职业技能获得方案;尼日利亚惩教署应与其他机构以及其他职业和技术教育中心合作,通过职业技能获得方案促进监狱囚犯的康复。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation into The Uses and Practices of Continuous Assessment Among Secondary School Teachers in Biu Educational Zone of Borno State 博尔诺州Biu教育区中学教师持续评估的使用与实践调查
Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.4314/kje.v2i2.7
Zakka Kaku, W. Williams
This research assess uses and practice of continuous assessment among senior secondary school teachers in Biu Educational Zone of Borno State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was employed, all the one hundred and ninety-two (192) teachers in the zone constitute the population and sample of the study. Three objective, one hypotheses were formulated to guide the study, questionnaire was used. Frequency and percentage were used to answer the research questions. While one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to answer the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance data collected was statistically analyzed using statically package of social science (SPSS) at 0.05 level of significance. The major findings of the study revealed that: teachers do not make used of continuous assessment in decision making, there is no significant in the practice of continuous assessment among less qualified, qualified and unqualified teachers. The researchers recommended that: the state government as well as stake holders in Biu Educational Zone of Borno state should only recruit teachers with educational background, those that are still in the system should encouraged to have post graduate diploma in education. Administrator and stakeholders should from time to time organize in house workshop or seminars for teachers in order to acquire real knowledge of C.A. Government should also provide appropriate continuous assessment guideline to help teachers on how to conduct and use continuous assessment, also regular supervision should be done to ensure the effective and efficient use of continuous assessment.
本研究评估了尼日利亚博尔诺州Biu教育区的高中教师持续评估的使用和实践。采用描述性调查设计,全区192名教师构成本研究的总体和样本。提出三个目标,一个假设来指导研究,采用问卷调查法。使用频率和百分比来回答研究问题。采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)在0.05显著性水平下回答假设,收集的数据使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)在0.05显著性水平下进行统计分析。本研究的主要发现是:教师在决策中没有使用持续评估,在不合格、合格和不合格的教师中,持续评估的实践没有显著性。研究人员建议:州政府以及博尔诺州Biu教育区的利益相关者应该只招聘有教育背景的教师,那些仍然在系统中的人应该鼓励拥有教育研究生文凭。管理者和利益相关者应不定期为教师组织内部研讨会或研讨会,以获得真正的持续评估知识,政府也应提供适当的持续评估指南,帮助教师如何进行和使用持续评估,并应定期监督,以确保持续评估的有效和高效使用。
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引用次数: 0
Teachers’ Pedagogical Competence as a Determinant of Students’ Motivation Towards Business Education in Federal College of Education (Technical) Gombe in North-East Nigeria 尼日利亚东北部贡贝联邦教育(技术)学院教师教学能力对学生商科教育动机的决定作用
Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.4314/kje.v2i2.6
I. Adamu, H. Mohammed
The aim of this study was to determine teachers’ pedagogical competence as a determinant of students’ motivation towards business education, the study adopted qualitative research and the design used for the study was instrumental case study. The participants were final year undergraduate business education students. The sampling technique used was purposeful sampling in selecting six (6) participants, three from the students and three from the academic staff. The researcher with the help of one (1) research assistant conducted face to face interview using semi structured interview protocol, with few open-ended questions. Data collected were analyzed using thematic analysis for interview. The results revealed that teacher’ pedagogical competences as a determinant of students’ motivation towards business education required possession of knowledge of the subject matter, use of appropriate teaching methods and using of instructional materials in teaching and learning process. The results also revealed that teachers’ pedagogical competence as a determinant of students’ motivation towards business education required teacher-student positive relationship, use of positive reinforcement and incentives, and teacher personality to motivate students towards business education. Based on the findings, it was recommended that Government, National Commission for Colleges of education, and other stakeholders should consider professional teaching qualification as pre-requisite for the recruitment of teachers and to provide in-service training, seminars, and conferences, workshops for the teachers, to improve in student-teacher relationship, and use of positive reinforcement/incentives in order to motivate students toward business education.
本研究旨在探讨教师的教学能力对学生商科教育动机的影响,本研究采用质性研究,研究设计为工具性个案研究。参与者是商业教育专业的最后一年本科生。使用的抽样技术是有目的的抽样,选择六(6)名参与者,三个来自学生和三个来自学术人员。研究人员在1名研究助理的帮助下,采用半结构化访谈协议进行面对面访谈,开放式问题较少。收集的数据采用专题分析进行访谈。结果显示,教师的教学能力是学生学习商科教育动机的决定因素,这需要在教学和学习过程中掌握学科知识、使用适当的教学方法和使用教学材料。教师的教学能力对学生的商科教育动机起决定作用,这需要师生之间的积极关系、正强化和正激励的使用以及教师的个性对学生的商科教育动机起作用。在此基础上,建议政府、国家高等教育委员会及其他利益相关方应考虑将专业教学资格作为教师招聘的先决条件,并为教师提供在职培训、研讨会、会议、工作坊,改善师生关系,并使用积极的强化/激励措施来激励学生接受商业教育。
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引用次数: 0
Higher Education Administrators’ Perceived Politics of Education Control on Educational Development of Tertiary Institutions in Bauchi State, Nigeria 尼日利亚包奇州高等教育管理者的教育控制政治感知对高等院校教育发展的影响
Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.4314/kje.v2i2.11
U. Ibrahim, C. Edemenang, A. A. Deba, M. Adam, I.S.D. Abba
This paper focused on higher education administrators’ perceived impact of politics of control of  education on educational development of tertiary  institutions in Bauchi state, Nigeria. The study  adopted qualitative research approach using case study design. Three specific objectives and three  research questions were formulated to guide the study. The population consisted of senior higher education administrators from all the state’s  tertiary institutions in the three geo-political zones of  Bauchi state. The study had a sample of respondents drawn from the population using  purposive  sampling technique. The numbers that constituted the sample size were five and drawn from College  of Education Azare, College for  Legal and Islamic Studies Misau and College of Education  Kangere within the three educational zone of Bauchi state. Area of the study is Bauchi  state. Semi-structured interview, observation and document analysis were used for data collection. Data  collected were analyzed using content and  thematic analyses to answer the research questions of  this study. Based on the findings, it was concluded that politics affects tertiary institutions  positively  via impact of control of education in Bauchi state. It was recommended among others that politics  of education control should be done  bearing in mind that, it should be intended to improved tertiary  institution for sustainable development and not the other way round. It is hoped  that the recommendations would serves as solutions towards the politics of education control on tertiary  institutions for sustainable development  in Bauchi state.
本文主要研究尼日利亚包奇州高等教育管理者对教育控制政治对高等院校教育发展的感知影响。本研究采用个案研究设计的定性研究方法。制定了三个具体目标和三个研究问题来指导研究。人口包括包奇州三个地缘政治区所有州高等教育机构的高级高等教育管理人员。该研究使用有目的的抽样技术从人群中抽取了受访者样本。构成样本量的人数为5人,来自包奇州三个教育区内的阿扎雷教育学院、米索法律和伊斯兰研究学院和康基尔教育学院。研究区域是包奇州。采用半结构化访谈法、观察法和文献分析法收集资料。收集的数据采用内容分析和主题分析来回答本研究的研究问题。基于研究结果,我们得出结论,政治通过对包奇州教育控制的影响对高等教育机构产生积极影响。除其他外,有人建议在进行教育控制政治时应铭记,其目的应是改善高等教育机构以促进可持续发展,而不是相反。希望这些建议将成为包奇州可持续发展高等教育机构教育控制政治的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Kashere Journal of Education
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