Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1023697X.2018.1499446
Keith W. K. Kong
Abstract Conventional cast in-situ concrete linings are a costly, time consuming activity and environmentally unfriendly solution for supporting hard rock excavations because concrete linings are unable to utilise the inherent strength of the rock. In evidence, by the application of confining pressure via pattern bolts suffices to improve the strength of the rockmass at the underground opening (i.e. cavern or tunnel). In the implementation of this measure, the rock arch formed by the tunnel roof and walls is considered to be a supporting arch capable of sustaining a thrust at the arch ends. However, a potential rock wedge failure, of comparatively small size, is highly probable and may occur between rock bolts. To deal with this issue, shotcrete linings will then be introduced to act as thin “protective skin” liners to support the rock surface with performance similar to a reinforced concrete slab. A detailed discussion of these combination measures, so called “shotcrete rock reinforcement” (SRR), including analysis of the strengthened rock arch and the design of shotcrete linings’ structural capacity according to Eurocodes for hard rock underground openings are presented in the paper together with numerical modelling to check against the boundary deformation of openings. Key issues of the constructability of SRR are also discussed.
{"title":"Practical shotcrete rock reinforcement for hard rock openings","authors":"Keith W. K. Kong","doi":"10.1080/1023697X.2018.1499446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1499446","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Conventional cast in-situ concrete linings are a costly, time consuming activity and environmentally unfriendly solution for supporting hard rock excavations because concrete linings are unable to utilise the inherent strength of the rock. In evidence, by the application of confining pressure via pattern bolts suffices to improve the strength of the rockmass at the underground opening (i.e. cavern or tunnel). In the implementation of this measure, the rock arch formed by the tunnel roof and walls is considered to be a supporting arch capable of sustaining a thrust at the arch ends. However, a potential rock wedge failure, of comparatively small size, is highly probable and may occur between rock bolts. To deal with this issue, shotcrete linings will then be introduced to act as thin “protective skin” liners to support the rock surface with performance similar to a reinforced concrete slab. A detailed discussion of these combination measures, so called “shotcrete rock reinforcement” (SRR), including analysis of the strengthened rock arch and the design of shotcrete linings’ structural capacity according to Eurocodes for hard rock underground openings are presented in the paper together with numerical modelling to check against the boundary deformation of openings. Key issues of the constructability of SRR are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":"25 1","pages":"153 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1499446","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41623642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1023697X.2018.1499448
M. Yahyaabadi, F. Aslani
ABSTRACT In this paper, an approach based on a combination of leader progression model and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm is proposed to calculate the number of direct lightning strokes to tall structures. Here, beside high accuracy, computing time is reduced. This method can be applied to compare lightning vulnerability of different points on tall structures. In the proposed approach, the riskiest position and current range of lightning corresponding to vulnerable points on the structure are determined one after another. The lightning performance of three tall adjacent structures in Kuala Lumpur is evaluated as a case study, and the results were compared with those of previous studies. The simulation results confirm the merits of the proposed method.
{"title":"Calculating the number of direct lightning strokes to tall structures using leader progression model and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm","authors":"M. Yahyaabadi, F. Aslani","doi":"10.1080/1023697X.2018.1499448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1499448","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, an approach based on a combination of leader progression model and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm is proposed to calculate the number of direct lightning strokes to tall structures. Here, beside high accuracy, computing time is reduced. This method can be applied to compare lightning vulnerability of different points on tall structures. In the proposed approach, the riskiest position and current range of lightning corresponding to vulnerable points on the structure are determined one after another. The lightning performance of three tall adjacent structures in Kuala Lumpur is evaluated as a case study, and the results were compared with those of previous studies. The simulation results confirm the merits of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":"25 1","pages":"199 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1499448","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46091529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1023697X.2018.1499449
Ryan W H Lee, Rachel H C Law, D. Lo
The vast majority of the landslides in Hong Kong are triggered by rainfall. Surface drainage commonly provided on man-made slopes aims to prevent surface erosion and reduce infiltration. It plays an important role to avert slope instability. However, inadequate management of surface drainage could hamper its efficiency and often results in uncontrolled surface water flow contributory to landsliding. This paper provides insights on the importance of slope surface drainage management under the dense urban settings in Hong Kong from the landslide perspective. Selected landslides involving inadequately managed surface drainage are presented to highlight the key lessons learnt and areas deserving attention on various drainage aspects, including the design and detailing. It is noteworthy that inadequate surface drainage maintenance could exacerbate and lead to sizeable landslides even on engineered slopes. A review of landslide records over the years suggests that some landslides could have been averted had there been proper surface drainage maintenance.
{"title":"Importance of surface drainage management to slope performance","authors":"Ryan W H Lee, Rachel H C Law, D. Lo","doi":"10.1080/1023697X.2018.1499449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1499449","url":null,"abstract":"The vast majority of the landslides in Hong Kong are triggered by rainfall. Surface drainage commonly provided on man-made slopes aims to prevent surface erosion and reduce infiltration. It plays an important role to avert slope instability. However, inadequate management of surface drainage could hamper its efficiency and often results in uncontrolled surface water flow contributory to landsliding. This paper provides insights on the importance of slope surface drainage management under the dense urban settings in Hong Kong from the landslide perspective. Selected landslides involving inadequately managed surface drainage are presented to highlight the key lessons learnt and areas deserving attention on various drainage aspects, including the design and detailing. It is noteworthy that inadequate surface drainage maintenance could exacerbate and lead to sizeable landslides even on engineered slopes. A review of landslide records over the years suggests that some landslides could have been averted had there been proper surface drainage maintenance.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":"25 1","pages":"182 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1499449","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42233135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1023697X.2018.1499447
A. Lau, Raymond T. Aoieong, S. Tang
Abstract This paper describes a structured questionnaire survey that explores the perception of client organisations in Hong Kong on the adoption of total quality management (TQM) in their organisations. The overall survey result indicates that the TQM philosophy has been cultivated in the construction industry in Hong Kong and the positive effects of TQM awareness are becoming visible. There are indications that the construction industry is becoming more familiar with the TQM principles through the efforts of the government client departments and other major client organisations. The survey also identifies short-term needs to raise the effectiveness of the application of TQM principles for current and scheduled projects, and also the long-term needs that are important to sustainable business development.
{"title":"TQM application by client organisations in Hong Kong","authors":"A. Lau, Raymond T. Aoieong, S. Tang","doi":"10.1080/1023697X.2018.1499447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1499447","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper describes a structured questionnaire survey that explores the perception of client organisations in Hong Kong on the adoption of total quality management (TQM) in their organisations. The overall survey result indicates that the TQM philosophy has been cultivated in the construction industry in Hong Kong and the positive effects of TQM awareness are becoming visible. There are indications that the construction industry is becoming more familiar with the TQM principles through the efforts of the government client departments and other major client organisations. The survey also identifies short-term needs to raise the effectiveness of the application of TQM principles for current and scheduled projects, and also the long-term needs that are important to sustainable business development.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":"25 1","pages":"165 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1499447","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43362517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1023697X.2018.1544643
A. Cheung, C. L. Chan, Ken S. Lau, Stephen J Allen, Xuanjie Wang, Chi Yan, Zicheng Wang, Yadong Zhang, Jin Guo
All papers published in HKIE Transactions will be automatically entered into the annual selection process of the HKIE Best Transactions Paper Prize. Up to three HKIE Best Transactions Paper Prizes will be given annually. Prizes will be given only if there are outstanding papers which warrant the awards. The Panel of Judges reserves the right to withhold any or all of the awards at their absolute discretion.
{"title":"The HKIE Best Transactions Paper Prize 2018","authors":"A. Cheung, C. L. Chan, Ken S. Lau, Stephen J Allen, Xuanjie Wang, Chi Yan, Zicheng Wang, Yadong Zhang, Jin Guo","doi":"10.1080/1023697X.2018.1544643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1544643","url":null,"abstract":"All papers published in HKIE Transactions will be automatically entered into the annual selection process of the HKIE Best Transactions Paper Prize. Up to three HKIE Best Transactions Paper Prizes will be given annually. Prizes will be given only if there are outstanding papers which warrant the awards. The Panel of Judges reserves the right to withhold any or all of the awards at their absolute discretion.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":"25 1","pages":"217 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1544643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45823355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1023697X.2018.1518163
Xin Xu, Jilan Wu, Xinwei Zhao
ABSTRACT A metro evaluation index system is built based on the American Customer Satisfaction model to evaluate the Shanghai Metro customer satisfaction combining with the characteristics of Shanghai Metro operation improvement. Customer satisfaction evaluation based on the dimension of importance and satisfaction of the four quadrants is built. Seven high importance, low degrees of satisfaction indicators for improvement are pointed out, including four indicators in “Punctual and Efficiency”: artificial ticketing time, on and off time, train headway and train speed; and three indicators in ‘Service Management’: public facilities, sign information and shielding door.
{"title":"Research on passenger satisfaction of Shanghai Metro system","authors":"Xin Xu, Jilan Wu, Xinwei Zhao","doi":"10.1080/1023697X.2018.1518163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1518163","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A metro evaluation index system is built based on the American Customer Satisfaction model to evaluate the Shanghai Metro customer satisfaction combining with the characteristics of Shanghai Metro operation improvement. Customer satisfaction evaluation based on the dimension of importance and satisfaction of the four quadrants is built. Seven high importance, low degrees of satisfaction indicators for improvement are pointed out, including four indicators in “Punctual and Efficiency”: artificial ticketing time, on and off time, train headway and train speed; and three indicators in ‘Service Management’: public facilities, sign information and shielding door.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":"25 1","pages":"192 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1518163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45814430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1023697X.2018.1462107
E. Sze, R. Koo, Jojo M Y Leung, K. Ho
ABSTRACT A new type of flexible debris-resisting barrier has been designed using the state-of-the-art analytical force approach for mitigation of channelised debris flow hazards in a hillside study area in Hong Kong. Unlike the conventional three-panel rectangular form, these flexible barriers were configured in a valley shape to geometrically fit in the incised drainage lines. The “design event” resulted in a calculated debris impact pressure of up to 400 kPa and over 10,000 kJ in terms of impact energy necessitating a site-specific design. The design involved advanced structural modelling of the highly non-linear behaviour of flexible barriers under debris impact giving rise to a large deformation. This paper presents the design and detailing of these valley-shaped flexible barriers, involving formulation of the design methodology, derivation of the multi-phase impact load model and optimisation of the barrier configuration. To support the design, numerical parametric studies were conducted to examine the barrier’s impact behaviour. Two design initiatives were highlighted for enhancing the design robustness, including a rigorous approach to analyse the effects of the energy-dissipating devices on barrier performance and a robustness check to cater for adverse scenarios that could conceivably happen. Some suggestions on configuring a valley-shaped flexible barrier were given.
{"title":"Design of flexible barriers against sizeable landslides in Hong Kong","authors":"E. Sze, R. Koo, Jojo M Y Leung, K. Ho","doi":"10.1080/1023697X.2018.1462107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1462107","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new type of flexible debris-resisting barrier has been designed using the state-of-the-art analytical force approach for mitigation of channelised debris flow hazards in a hillside study area in Hong Kong. Unlike the conventional three-panel rectangular form, these flexible barriers were configured in a valley shape to geometrically fit in the incised drainage lines. The “design event” resulted in a calculated debris impact pressure of up to 400 kPa and over 10,000 kJ in terms of impact energy necessitating a site-specific design. The design involved advanced structural modelling of the highly non-linear behaviour of flexible barriers under debris impact giving rise to a large deformation. This paper presents the design and detailing of these valley-shaped flexible barriers, involving formulation of the design methodology, derivation of the multi-phase impact load model and optimisation of the barrier configuration. To support the design, numerical parametric studies were conducted to examine the barrier’s impact behaviour. Two design initiatives were highlighted for enhancing the design robustness, including a rigorous approach to analyse the effects of the energy-dissipating devices on barrier performance and a robustness check to cater for adverse scenarios that could conceivably happen. Some suggestions on configuring a valley-shaped flexible barrier were given.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":"25 1","pages":"115 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1462107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43390863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1023697X.2018.1462106
A. Cheung, Jack Yiu, Harris W K Lam, E. Sze
ABSTRACT Mitigation of natural terrain hazards through the use of flexible and rigid barriers has become a common type of geotechnical work in Hong Kong. The current design approach for these structural countermeasures typically involves separate debris mobility modelling and structural analyses of barriers subject to pseudo-static impact loadings. This practical approach, however, could not realistically account for the dynamic debris–barrier interaction. With a view to better capturing the response of barriers under the debris impact, effort has recently been devoted to developing an advanced numerical technique to model debris flows, barrier structural responses and the impact dynamics in a coupled manner. This paper presents some recent advances made in establishing the numerical technique of coupled analysis using a three-dimensional finite-element computer code LS-DYNA. The methodologies of modelling the landslide debris mobility, the large-deformation non-linear behaviour of a flexible barrier under impact and the coupled analysis of debris–barrier interaction are introduced. Back analyses of selected landslide events and debris impact tests of flexible barriers for verification of the computer models are discussed. The coupled analysis enables detailed investigation of the energy balance involved in the impact process. Preliminary results of this energy analysis are also presented.
{"title":"Advanced numerical analysis of landslide debris mobility and barrier interaction","authors":"A. Cheung, Jack Yiu, Harris W K Lam, E. Sze","doi":"10.1080/1023697X.2018.1462106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1462106","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mitigation of natural terrain hazards through the use of flexible and rigid barriers has become a common type of geotechnical work in Hong Kong. The current design approach for these structural countermeasures typically involves separate debris mobility modelling and structural analyses of barriers subject to pseudo-static impact loadings. This practical approach, however, could not realistically account for the dynamic debris–barrier interaction. With a view to better capturing the response of barriers under the debris impact, effort has recently been devoted to developing an advanced numerical technique to model debris flows, barrier structural responses and the impact dynamics in a coupled manner. This paper presents some recent advances made in establishing the numerical technique of coupled analysis using a three-dimensional finite-element computer code LS-DYNA. The methodologies of modelling the landslide debris mobility, the large-deformation non-linear behaviour of a flexible barrier under impact and the coupled analysis of debris–barrier interaction are introduced. Back analyses of selected landslide events and debris impact tests of flexible barriers for verification of the computer models are discussed. The coupled analysis enables detailed investigation of the energy balance involved in the impact process. Preliminary results of this energy analysis are also presented.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":"25 1","pages":"76 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1462106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45235235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1023697X.2018.1461580
D. Lo, Rachel H C Law, Roland C T Wai, A. Ng, S. Williamson, Jason K S Lee, Y. M. Cheng
ABSTRACT An intense rainstorm on 21 May 2016 resulted a total of 34 natural terrain landslides in the vicinity of Sai Kung Sai Wan Road in the Sai Kung East Country Park, Hong Kong. One of these landslides was a large-scale failure with a source volume of about 2100 m3. It was almost an order of magnitude larger than all the others. The debris severely eroded a road embankment, undermining the road and resulting in road closure. The nature of the landslide was unusual in that it was a structurally controlled rockslide, with a basal failure surface formed from a persistent, planar sheeting joint within columnar jointed tuff rock with a maximum depth of about 12 m, while the other landslides that occurred in the country park during the same rainstorm involved only shallow failures within the regolith. An investigation of this unusual landslide was undertaken to diagnose the probable mechanism and causes of the failure. As there was concern about further large-scale instability occurring in the adjacent hillside where the sheeting joint was inferred to extend into, the potential for further large-scale instability was assessed as part of the investigation. The key components of the investigation included detailed engineering geological mapping, ground investigation and engineering analyses. This paper presents the findings of the investigation.
{"title":"Investigation of an unusual landslide at Sai Kung Sai Wan Road, Sai Kung, Hong Kong","authors":"D. Lo, Rachel H C Law, Roland C T Wai, A. Ng, S. Williamson, Jason K S Lee, Y. M. Cheng","doi":"10.1080/1023697X.2018.1461580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1461580","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An intense rainstorm on 21 May 2016 resulted a total of 34 natural terrain landslides in the vicinity of Sai Kung Sai Wan Road in the Sai Kung East Country Park, Hong Kong. One of these landslides was a large-scale failure with a source volume of about 2100 m3. It was almost an order of magnitude larger than all the others. The debris severely eroded a road embankment, undermining the road and resulting in road closure. The nature of the landslide was unusual in that it was a structurally controlled rockslide, with a basal failure surface formed from a persistent, planar sheeting joint within columnar jointed tuff rock with a maximum depth of about 12 m, while the other landslides that occurred in the country park during the same rainstorm involved only shallow failures within the regolith. An investigation of this unusual landslide was undertaken to diagnose the probable mechanism and causes of the failure. As there was concern about further large-scale instability occurring in the adjacent hillside where the sheeting joint was inferred to extend into, the potential for further large-scale instability was assessed as part of the investigation. The key components of the investigation included detailed engineering geological mapping, ground investigation and engineering analyses. This paper presents the findings of the investigation.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":"25 1","pages":"102 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1461580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47650062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1023697X.2018.1462103
A. Ip, Victor K. Shum, Leo K P Fung
ABSTRACT To cope with future electricity demand and upgrade power system stability against extreme weather, CLP Power Hong Kong Limited (CLP Power) has developed a new 400kV overhead line circuit. The project involved building a new gantry situated on a natural steep slope, which natural terrain hazards including open hillslope failure, rockfall needed to be addressed. This technical note discussed the technical considerations and challenges to cater for the geological settings, methodologies applied in the geological assessment from desktop studies, site reconnaissance, natural terrain hazard assessment, mitigation measures, foundation design, and the use of Building Information Model (BIM) to enhance project planning and development.
{"title":"Go over the mountain and overcome the challenges to power the city","authors":"A. Ip, Victor K. Shum, Leo K P Fung","doi":"10.1080/1023697X.2018.1462103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1462103","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To cope with future electricity demand and upgrade power system stability against extreme weather, CLP Power Hong Kong Limited (CLP Power) has developed a new 400kV overhead line circuit. The project involved building a new gantry situated on a natural steep slope, which natural terrain hazards including open hillslope failure, rockfall needed to be addressed. This technical note discussed the technical considerations and challenges to cater for the geological settings, methodologies applied in the geological assessment from desktop studies, site reconnaissance, natural terrain hazard assessment, mitigation measures, foundation design, and the use of Building Information Model (BIM) to enhance project planning and development.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":"25 1","pages":"145 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1023697X.2018.1462103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48138626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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