Meditsina truda i promyshlennaia ekologiia最新文献

Hygienic work conditions on fish-processing complexes mostly remain hard and hazardous, sometimes even dangerous. Presented literature data and some personal studies characterize current state of industrial medicine topics on fish- processing enterpirses. Absence of systemic studies in these sphere rises many questions on work conditions assessment in connection with contemporary knowledge, evaluation of occupational risk and risk of occupational and occupationally conditioned diseases in major occupational groups.

The article presents results of physiologic studies of nine occupational groups of migrants from south republics of Middle Asia to Moscow region of Russian Federation. The authors revealed features of cardiac rhythm regulation variability in the migrants in accordance with physical exertion value and psychoemotional characters of work. Optimization of the adaptation processes should get along with organization of rational work and rest schedule, healthy lifestyle formation, better medical service to the migrants.

Number of chemicals that induce occupational sensibilization is quite large and constantly increasing due to synthesis' of new compounds. Diagnosis of occupational allergic diseases requires thorough systemic approach. Study covered groups of patients that necessitate diagnosis of occupational disease (107 individuals): chemical production workers, gas- arc welder, medical staffers, aluminium production workers, with diagnosed occupational bronchopulmonary diseases. Direction of leucocytes migration in the diagnostic test used was comparable with type of a chemical under study. Correspondence of clinical manifestations and results of inhibited natural leucocytes migration test approximates 70% in chemical production workers and gas-arc welders; 85-90% - in medical staffers and 50% - in aluminium production workers.

The study covered lipid content of RBC membranes in divers exposed to extreme hyperbaric factors at work. Findings are that prophylactic intake of biologically active additive nutrient "Kalifen" made of viburnum berries preserved physiologic characteristics of RBC and recovery of lipid components in their membranes.

The authors present data on occupational oncologic morbidity in Russia by federal districts and regions. Over 2002- 2014, a total of 497 cases of occupational cancer was registered, that is less than 0,3% of minimal expected number of cases. Necessity is to urgent improvement of legislation and methodic basis, informational supply, providing qualitative account of occupational oncologic morbidity. Important role in solving this problem could be played by continued sanitary and hygienic certification of caricnogenically dangerous institutions in RF and creation of Federal register (governmental automated information system) of individuals who had (has) occupational exposure to carcinogenic factors.

The study included 335 males who were exposed to occupational hazards over 5 years to the moment of cerebrovascular stroke. The authors analysed structure of clinical forms of cerebrovascular stroke, found a concept of various age groups distribution in dependence on occupational factor type, established a frequency of cardiovascular risk factors distribution among males in dependence on occupational hazards, revealed foiecasting value of intensity ranks in cerebrovascular stroke patients at the disease presentation.

The authors studied influence of low frequency noise on cells genome and cell death processes. Vistar male rats were exposed to low frequency noise with maximal range up to 250 Hz with noise pressure of 120.dB or 150 dB once (during 17 minutes) or repeatedly (17 minutes 5 days per week over 13 weeks), after that frequency of chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells and serum low-molecular DNA were assessed. In comparison with reference values, single exposure to low frequency noise with noise pressure of 120 or 150 dB reliably increased frequency of%chromosomal aberrations more than 10-fold and caused dicentrics in aberrations spectrum, significally increased serum-low-molecular DNA over 7-fold, with low-molecular DNA level remaining high during 7 days after exposure to low frequency noise. Repeated exposure to low frequency noise with noise pressure 120 and 150 dB resulted in reliable increase of low-molecular DNA level 36-fold and 22-fold respectively vs. reference values. Thus, low frequency noise harms genome, with more frequency of chromosomal aberrations, and increases apoptosis that manifests in higher level of extracellular low-molecular DNA. Some part of the work was performed with governmental financial support of leading universities of Russian Federation (grant 074U01).

The article deals with methodology for integral evaluation of life quality connected with health in industrial medicine. Object of evaluation is life quality connected with health in workers exposed to occupational hazards. Empirical basis is long-standing study of life quality connected with health in patients with occupational diseases and in industrial workers. The article covers result of methologic instruments suggested by the authors for integral evaluation of life quality connected with health in workers and individuals exposed to occupational hazards, principles of group formation for such studies. The authors consider evaluation of life quality connected with health as a major goals of industrial medicine, as it completes quantitatively and qualitatively other studies of health changes in workers due to changing vital activity.

In lead intoxication model, with hyperglycenia state, atherogenicity coefficient reached 1,45 (1,35-1,85), if compared to 1,30 (0,85-1,40) in white rats exposed to lead. Heart rate reached 421,00 (411,00-468,00) per minute vs, 385,50 (359,00-399,50) per minute in animals died with lead intoxication, shorter median interval between QRS-complexes up to 143,00 (128,00-146,00) ms vs, 160,00 (150,50-169,00) ms was seen in animals exposed to lead.

Hygienic evaluation covered work conditions and health state of medical personnel working with magnetic resonance tomographs. Work conditions of the medical personnel are characterized by a complex of hazards: constant magnetic field, increased intensity and hardiness of work, inadequate natural illumination, noise. The most unfavorable conditions are seen in diagnostic room during patients' preparation to the examination, where magnetic induction levels considerably exceed maximally allowable levels. The authors revealed reliable differences in functional parameters indicative of lower adaptational body resources in work with magnetic resonance tomographs. Suggestions are preventive measures to provide hygienic safety for medical personnel.