Meditsina truda i promyshlennaia ekologiia最新文献

The article presents information on activities of International Committee on Occupational medicine - history of its foundation, development and formation, main scientific goals and studies.

Physiologic and hygienic evaluation covered work conditions on small business enterprises of retail and minor wholesale trade. Major unfavorable occupational factor for minor retail seller of foods is work process hardiness (up to 85% of <>). This work affects the workers' state, with 100% reports of the health state changes by the end of the working day. Physiologic parameter <> in the trade workers generally was assigned to allowable (2 grade) criterion, but such parameters as work contents (work covers solving complicated problems), work in tight time conditions, responsibility and long working hours are assigned to first jeopardy degree (3.1). Minor retail trade enterprises appeared to have no work and rest schedule, that is an additional risk factor. Microclimate parameters inside the rooms are the same as outdoors, therefore necessity is to provide artificial sanitary technical systems of ventilation and heating in projects of minor retail trade networks.

Search in electronic resource ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (PQDT) found 12,813 dissertation works in hygiene, prepared in foreign universities in 1992-2015. Master's degree dissertations were 99.4%, doctor's degree - 0.6%, published in English - 97.2%. In US universities were prepared 67.7% of the works, in Canada - 30.9%, in other countries - 1.4%. No Russian dissertations were found in PQDT. General hygiene topics were studied in 27.5% of the works, communal hygiene - in 5.3%, industrial hygiene and occupational diseases - in 7%, pediatric hygiene - in 20%, nutrition hygiene - in 17.8%, radiation hygiene - in 0.7%, rural hygiene - in 12.5%, hospital hygiene - in 8.3%, military hygiene - in 0.9%. Electronic resource PQDT opens wide possibilities for scientists - 89.9% dissertations in hygiene contained complete texts.

The article characterizes sea work conditions under which crew-members carry occupational activitie's during the sail. Negative factors influencing health of crew members are listed. Among these factors, the major influence is caused by physical (noise, vibration, mechanical impacts, ionizing radiation varying in frequency), chemical, climate and.geographic, social an psychologic factors. Conclusion is that extreme work conditions of sailing staffers cause overstrain of adaptation systems, disorders of regulation fuctions, worsen health state and induce disablement. Within a system of medical care.for water transport workers, necessity is to have complex accounting of occupational hazards for more qualitative and safe work conditions.

The authors accentuate the problem of preserving work potential of Russian population, most notable in industrial cities of Siberian federal district. Based on experience of Russian Federation outstanding scientists in industrial medicine and environmental hygiene (Izmerov N.F., Prokopenko L.V., At'kov O.Yu., Belyaev E.N., Bukhtiyarov IV., BushmanovAYu., Vereshagin A.I., Golovkova N.P., Kouz'mina L.P., Matiukhin VV., Tikhonova G.I., Ushakov I.B., et al), in accordance with Russian President's Orders and under support of Siberian Medical academic society, professionals in Research Institute of complex problems in hygiene and occupational diseases (Director - professor Zakharenkov V.) carry out scientific basis for priority'directions of governmental policy in Siberian region up to the level of complex special-purpose programs that are supposed to include present aims and facilities of various departments for implementation. The article covers conceptual points and main principles of program solutions, and one out of mechanisms for practical implementation.

The authors analyzed changes of statistic, spectral and non-linear parameters of cardiac rhythm variability in response to active orthostasis test in young individuals engaged into manual work, and the results are compared with hemodynamic parameters. Evidence is that the patients with neurogenous fainting present sympathetic vasomotory regulation disorders even in young age; before clinical manifestation as orthostatic hypotension. In comparison with common tilt-test, spectral analysis of cardiac rhythm variability in active orthostatic test can be more useful to reveal early disorders of autonomous regulation.

Experimental studies covered risk of possible toxic influence by medications - derivatives of 1.4-benzodiazepine - in single and multiple intake by intragastric way, inhalation and skin application. The authors give recommendations on hygienic regulation of 1.4-benzodiazepine derivatives - alprazolam, diazepam, mezapam and nozepam. The study results served as a base for specifying approximate safe level of exposure to alprazolam at level of 0.1 mg/m³, diazepam - 0.2 mg/m³, mezapam - 0.3 mg/m³ and nozepam at level of 1.0 mg/m³ in the air of workplace.

North-West Public Health Research Center, 4, 2-ya Sovetskaya str, S.-Petersburg, Russia, 191036 The authors reviewed toxicologic alternative investigation methods used in Russia for evaluation of occupational and natural environment.

Existing practice implementing data obtained by occupational control and special evaluation of work conditions fails to evaluate hazardous effects caused in workers' health state by wide spectrum of risk factors such as social, ecologic, climate, etc. Widening possibilities for deeper health risk analysis can be provided by integration of laboratory and instrumental data on evaluation of hazardous and dangerous occupational factors into present systems of social hygienic monitoring. According to results of joint project within disciplinary program, Leningrad regional division of Federal Agency on sanitary epidemiologic supervision specified and implemented a regional model of integrated data base in informational funds of social hygienic monitoring. Consequently, quality and validity of management decisions in health risk factors control have significantly improved.i.

The authors defined main transgressions of law in sanitary epidemiologic well-being of population during sanitary epidemiologic examination of project materials for sanitary protective zones for enterprises, constructions and other objects, and during determination of their final dimensions.