Meditsina truda i promyshlennaia ekologiia最新文献

Prospective cohort observational study covered phenotypic features of COLD formed under influence of various occupational etiologic factors vs. COLD caused by tobacco smoking. The study included totally 170 COLD patients (2011 criteria of COLD). In accordance with exogenous etiologic factor, the authors selected examinees in 3 strata simultaneously: COLD due to toxico-chemical aerosols (n = 42), COLD due to inorganic dust (n = 55), COLD due to tobacco smoking (n = 73). Evaluation covered influence of ecologic and industrial conditions on main mainfestations of the disease. Statistic analysis: comparison of quantitative variables - Kruskal-WaRIisANOVA, quantitative variables - criteria c(2), influence of independent variable on the dependent one - single-factor and multi-factor regression, p = 0,05. For COLD due to toxico-chemical aerosol, characteristics are rare but severe exacerbations .(total amount is 366/427 person-years, severe ones - 312/427 person-years), severe dyspnea (mMRC 2,5 ± 0,12 points), minimal decrease of FEVI (65,7% ? 3,21%) and minimal speed of bronchial obstruction progress (decrease of FEV1 by 0,08 ml ± 0,006 ml per year), emphysema, pulmonary hypertension, low serum level of VEGFA. For COLD due to dust, characteristics were bronchial hyperreactivity (in 45% of patients), cough, rare severe exacerbations (total exacerbations 825/537 person- years, severe ones - 227/537 person-years), lower dyspnea intensity (mMRC 1,9 ± 0,13 points), concomitant interstitial fibrosis, "average" level of VEGFA.

The study covered health state of medical personnel exposed to magnetic field in MRI-tomography offices. Findings are changes in functioning of cardiovascular and central nervous systems in a personnel group working with tomographs, that prove tension of adaptation processes due to occupational factors.

The studies revealed that work of paramedical personnel can be assigned to 2 jeopardy class in chemical factor, noise, vibration, illumination, work hardiness; in unfavorable parameters of microclimate in summer period and work intensity - to 3.1 class, in biologic factor - to 3.1-3.3 class. According to totality of factors, the work of paramedical personnel corresponds to 3.2-3.3 class of work conditions. Morbidity level of medical nurses is <> with minimal level of occupational risk. With that, more detailed analysis in 4 length of service groups revealed that in a group with over 15 years of service the morbidity level reaches high and extremely high (from 104.0 to 244.4 cases per 100 medical staffers). This evidence could be explained by exposure to occupational risk factors and worse health state with longer length of service and ageing.

The article presents results of occupational morbidity analysis in a region, with assessment of trends, levels, dynamics and structure of morbidity, factor dependency of occupational diseases, identification of occupational conditions of its occurrence. The information obtained helped to specify a system of occupational risk management, that increases efficiency in solving problems and better work safety in production.

Analysis of health state in connection with work conditions for workers of Voronezh tire plant was based on evaluation of occupational and general morbidity according to medical examination data, hygienic characteristics of occupational factors and working process. Findings are high level of general morbidity among the workers, related to combined influence of physical and chemical occupational hazards. First rank places are occupied by locomotory system diseases (32.3%) and cardiovascular diseases (29.3%). Recommendations cover decrease of unfavorable effects of occupational hazards, minimization of occupational risks, including further improvement of work conditions and implementation of laboratory biochemical methods diagnosing premorbid conditions.

Tests helped to evaluate psychoneurologic state in civil aviation pilots with various stages and grades of essential hypertension. Findings are that increase of essential hypertension intensity from borderline stage to 1 stage 2 grade reliably influences psychoneurologic state of pilots. Worsening was seen for parameters of volitional attention and spatial representation (test <>), ability to operate spatiel representations (test <>), ability to extrapolate, rapid sensomotor reaction (test <>), accuracy of dynamic eye assessment and balance of main nervous processes in visual analyzer (test <>). Essential hypertension groups demonstrated dependence of the test results on age. Essential hypertension lowers parameters of the tests restults - that characterizes psychoneurologic state of pilots.

The article presents results of study concerning relationship of educational conditions and health state of high education students in 3 institutes of Voronezh city. Subjective self-assessment of health covered first 3 years students of Voronezh State Medical university (VSMU), Voronezh State university of engineering technologies (VSUET) and Voronezh State Construction university (VSCU). Health worsening was seen in 50,2% of VSMU students, in 28,7% of VSUET students and in 23,9% of VSCU examinees since beginning of the high education, and revealed breach of legislation concerning requirements of high education conditions are nearly identical.

In search of inflammatory molecular markers helpful in detection of increased risk and prognosis of severity of syntropic occupational bronchial asthma and metabolic syndrome, the authors conducted a study covering 140 examinees with confirmed occupational bronchial asthma. According to IDF criteria (2005), the patients were assigned into a group with combined occupational bronchial asthma and metabolic syndrome, and a group of occupational bronchial asthma without metabolic syndrome. All the examinees underwent studies of inflammation markers - biochemical (C-reactive protein, leptine) and molecular-genetic ( polymorphism of Gln223Arg gene of leptine receptor (LEPR), polymorphism of C174G gene of interleukin-6 (IL-6), polymorphism of G308A gene of (TNF-a) tumor necrosis factor alpha). Evidences are that the patients with combined bronchial asthma and metabolic syndrome demonstrate higher activity of inflammatory processes (higher level of C-reactive protein, leptine) - that manifests in clinically more severe course of bronchopulmonary disease. Moleculary-genetic markers revealed are associated with higher activity of inflammation and therefore with increased risk of occupational bronchial asthma associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetess mellitus 2 type (polymorphisms of LEPR gene, IL-6 gene).

Findings are that major occupational risk factors of morbidity among hothouse female workers are unfavorable microclimate parameters: in hothouses for vegetables growing - high air temperature, high relateive humidity high air motion speed in summer; in hothouses for mushrooms growing - high humidity forced posture work. In occupational morbidity structure of hothouse female workers, the major place is occupied by acute respiratory viral infections, respiratory diseases (20.6%) and locomotory diseases (7.9%).

The article presents studies evaluating influence of chemical and noise exposure on public health in municipal district of Voronizh city, based on risk evaluation methodology. Comparative analysis covered levels of carcinogenic, non-carcinogenic and normalized risks in monitoring control sites of the district. The studies revealed <> territories within the city, defined critical organs and systems under unfavorable influence by studied environmental factors.