Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-59-66
A. Lapidus, A. N. Makarov
The construction industry ranks first in terms of the number of fatal cases among other types of economic activity. One of the reasons is the dynamic nature of workplaces and the hazards affecting them in construction. To effectively prevent injuries and reduce fatalities, it is required to introduce a risk-oriented approach into the occupational safety management system, which allows to assess the state of the system at any time. It is proposed to assess the risk of a fatal case using the Bayesian approach. To do this, the identification of risk factors was carried out — 10 groups of violations of the occupational safety rules were identified, which are the most common causes of fatal outcome. According to the statistical data of the Federal Service for Labor and Employment, collected on the main participants in production activities in the Russian Federation for 2013–2021, the a priori probability of a fatal outcome was calculated for each risk factor. And based on the statistical data of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection and the Federal State Statistics Service, collected for all construction subjects of the Russian Federation for 2011–2020, the a priori probability of fatal outcome in construction was calculated. Based on the values obtained, the posterior probabilities of the fatal outcome for each risk factor were calculated. The risk of fatal outcome is presented as the mathematical expectation of damage depending on the number of simultaneously acting risk factors. This allows to assess risk throughout the construction process as risk factors change and are simultaneously affected. The result of the work was a new approach to assessing the risk of fatal outcome in case of an incident in construction, which gives high reliability of the results and allows to correlate the risk with violations of the occupational safety rules. All this makes it possible to take the necessary management decisions in a timely manner to prevent the realization of this risk.
{"title":"Assessment of the Fatal Outcome in case of Violation of the Occupational Safety Rules in the Construction Industry","authors":"A. Lapidus, A. N. Makarov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-59-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-59-66","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry ranks first in terms of the number of fatal cases among other types of economic activity. One of the reasons is the dynamic nature of workplaces and the hazards affecting them in construction. To effectively prevent injuries and reduce fatalities, it is required to introduce a risk-oriented approach into the occupational safety management system, which allows to assess the state of the system at any time. It is proposed to assess the risk of a fatal case using the Bayesian approach. To do this, the identification of risk factors was carried out — 10 groups of violations of the occupational safety rules were identified, which are the most common causes of fatal outcome. According to the statistical data of the Federal Service for Labor and Employment, collected on the main participants in production activities in the Russian Federation for 2013–2021, the a priori probability of a fatal outcome was calculated for each risk factor. And based on the statistical data of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection and the Federal State Statistics Service, collected for all construction subjects of the Russian Federation for 2011–2020, the a priori probability of fatal outcome in construction was calculated. Based on the values obtained, the posterior probabilities of the fatal outcome for each risk factor were calculated. The risk of fatal outcome is presented as the mathematical expectation of damage depending on the number of simultaneously acting risk factors. This allows to assess risk throughout the construction process as risk factors change and are simultaneously affected. The result of the work was a new approach to assessing the risk of fatal outcome in case of an incident in construction, which gives high reliability of the results and allows to correlate the risk with violations of the occupational safety rules. All this makes it possible to take the necessary management decisions in a timely manner to prevent the realization of this risk.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47704872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-7-13
D. L. Medvedev
Today, the technology of hardening the surface layers of parts and the creation of protective coatings on the surface with high physical, mechanical and chemical properties are especially efficient in many industries. The article presents the studies of the most promising innovative technology for surface hardening of 1050 grade aluminum plates by plasma electrolytic oxidation method. This method allows to obtain the materials with an ultra-high melting point, high hardness, and wear resistance. Possible conditions and mechanisms for the formation of protective layers on the surface of aluminum plates to improve reliability and safety in the production of chemical industry products are considered. The influence was studied concerning the main technological parameters (alloying elements, electrical parameters, electrolyte composition) on the properties and structure of oxide ceramic coatings. The qualitative characteristics of the finished products from aluminum alloys and the surface layer of the samples showed the efficiency of the plasma electrolytic oxidation technology, which allows to obtain ceramic coatings with increased hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, and strength. When processing by plasma electrolytic oxidation in an aqueous electrolyte solution, all the industrial safety requirements are met. An alternative approach to processing by plasma electrolytic oxidation is considered, in which 1050 grade aluminum plates were used in a molten nitrate salt at a temperature of 280 °C. The microstructure, phase, chemical composition, and microhardness were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and microhardness tests. The formed coating was found to be free from electrolyte contamination, cracks and pinholes commonly found in coatings formed during plasma electrolytic oxidation treatment in an aqueous electrolyte solution.
{"title":"Investigation of Plasma Electric Oxide Coating Formed on the Prototype Samples of Aluminum Plates Made of 1050 Grade","authors":"D. L. Medvedev","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-7-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-7-13","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the technology of hardening the surface layers of parts and the creation of protective coatings on the surface with high physical, mechanical and chemical properties are especially efficient in many industries. The article presents the studies of the most promising innovative technology for surface hardening of 1050 grade aluminum plates by plasma electrolytic oxidation method. This method allows to obtain the materials with an ultra-high melting point, high hardness, and wear resistance. Possible conditions and mechanisms for the formation of protective layers on the surface of aluminum plates to improve reliability and safety in the production of chemical industry products are considered. The influence was studied concerning the main technological parameters (alloying elements, electrical parameters, electrolyte composition) on the properties and structure of oxide ceramic coatings. The qualitative characteristics of the finished products from aluminum alloys and the surface layer of the samples showed the efficiency of the plasma electrolytic oxidation technology, which allows to obtain ceramic coatings with increased hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, and strength. When processing by plasma electrolytic oxidation in an aqueous electrolyte solution, all the industrial safety requirements are met. An alternative approach to processing by plasma electrolytic oxidation is considered, in which 1050 grade aluminum plates were used in a molten nitrate salt at a temperature of 280 °C. The microstructure, phase, chemical composition, and microhardness were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and microhardness tests. The formed coating was found to be free from electrolyte contamination, cracks and pinholes commonly found in coatings formed during plasma electrolytic oxidation treatment in an aqueous electrolyte solution.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46226378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-48-56
S. Dontsov, P. Gabriel, V. Burak
The transformation of the procedure for hygienic assessment of the intensity of the labor process in the Russian Federation is considered. Special assessment of working conditions, which later replaced certification, had already different goals and objectives, respectively, the change in the goal setting directly affected, among other things, the methodological approach to assessment. Federal Law № 416-FZ dated December 28, 2013 «On the Special Assessment of Working Conditions» introduced an explanation of the intensity of the labor process as indicators of sensory load on the central nervous system and sense organs of employees, which led to a deep sequestration of the assessed indicators. The number of considered indicators was reduced from 23 to 7, which is contrary to common sense and realities in the workplaces. Primitivism and bias in the assessment of working conditions according to the methodology of Order No. 33n of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated January 24, 2014, led to the need to introduce an accredited methodology for assessing factors of the working environment and, in addition to the existing one, issue orders that take into account the specifics of conducting a special assessment of working conditions for a number of manufacturing industries. The experimental and statistical evaluation of the efficiency of the existing approaches to assessing the intensity of the labor process showed that these indicators are less and less identified by the experts. In addition, when conducting studies (measurements) of the identified indicators, they are assigned to the 1st or 2nd class of working conditions, i.e., there is a process of «overflow» of the number of jobs with «harmfulness» into the number of jobs with the indicator «severity of the labor process». These collisions confirm the idea that a special assessment of working conditions is unsuitable for a real assessment of the working conditions in terms of the intensity of the labor process, since they mislead the state, owners and employees. Under the current conditions, the applied methodology for assessing the intensity of the labor process in the procedure for a special assessment of the working conditions is outdated and uninformative.
{"title":"Intensity of the Work Process: Reasons for Inefficiency of Factor Evaluation","authors":"S. Dontsov, P. Gabriel, V. Burak","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-48-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-48-56","url":null,"abstract":"The transformation of the procedure for hygienic assessment of the intensity of the labor process in the Russian Federation is considered. Special assessment of working conditions, which later replaced certification, had already different goals and objectives, respectively, the change in the goal setting directly affected, among other things, the methodological approach to assessment. Federal Law № 416-FZ dated December 28, 2013 «On the Special Assessment of Working Conditions» introduced an explanation of the intensity of the labor process as indicators of sensory load on the central nervous system and sense organs of employees, which led to a deep sequestration of the assessed indicators. The number of considered indicators was reduced from 23 to 7, which is contrary to common sense and realities in the workplaces. Primitivism and bias in the assessment of working conditions according to the methodology of Order No. 33n of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated January 24, 2014, led to the need to introduce an accredited methodology for assessing factors of the working environment and, in addition to the existing one, issue orders that take into account the specifics of conducting a special assessment of working conditions for a number of manufacturing industries. The experimental and statistical evaluation of the efficiency of the existing approaches to assessing the intensity of the labor process showed that these indicators are less and less identified by the experts. In addition, when conducting studies (measurements) of the identified indicators, they are assigned to the 1st or 2nd class of working conditions, i.e., there is a process of «overflow» of the number of jobs with «harmfulness» into the number of jobs with the indicator «severity of the labor process». These collisions confirm the idea that a special assessment of working conditions is unsuitable for a real assessment of the working conditions in terms of the intensity of the labor process, since they mislead the state, owners and employees. Under the current conditions, the applied methodology for assessing the intensity of the labor process in the procedure for a special assessment of the working conditions is outdated and uninformative.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47474047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-62-67
A. Vorontsov, V. Volokhovsky
A combined approach to the prompt analysis of technical condition of steel wire ropes of various functions is proposed. It is based on the bearing capacity (strength) criterion and the magnetic testing results. The principals are stated related to the strength assessment of degraded rope with measured local wire breaks and loss of metallic area due to corrosion (abrasion). After processing the received diagnostic charts the strength analysis is performed by means of appropriate mechanical model in terms of weak element hypotheses used in structure mechanics. Stress analysis gives the conservative strength estimates which will be referred to reliability margin. The stress safety factor is evaluated regarding the steady and cyclic loading. Because the measured data are of random nature and do not account for the distribution of faults at cross-section the statistical modeling of wear location over wires is performed. The total strength decrease is determined by superposition of strength reduction due to metallic area loss, and due to the wire breaks. Thus, the stress safety factor is considered as a probabilistic indicator of the state of the rope strength. The rope in service should be discarded if its stress safety factor becomes less than the empirical allowable strength factor which defines the rope margin of survival capability as a partially worn-out structure. Adjusted for regulatory disposal rules, three categories of worn rope condition are considered: serviceable, with a limited service life, and inoperative. These categories are presented by the green-yellow-red ranges at so-called «rope status map» in specified coordinates «Number of wire breaks — Loss of metallic section». The rope bearing capacity is promptly assessed by placing two mentioned testing data in corresponding position at the status map. An example is given related to the assessment of the status map for the load-carrying cable rod of the well pumping unit. Based on the obtained results the recommendations are formulated for application of the rope status maps as the templates for service personnel concerning further operation.
{"title":"Prompt Assessment of Wire Ropes Technical Condition Based on Magnetic Testing Data","authors":"A. Vorontsov, V. Volokhovsky","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-62-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-62-67","url":null,"abstract":"A combined approach to the prompt analysis of technical condition of steel wire ropes of various functions is proposed. It is based on the bearing capacity (strength) criterion and the magnetic testing results. The principals are stated related to the strength assessment of degraded rope with measured local wire breaks and loss of metallic area due to corrosion (abrasion). After processing the received diagnostic charts the strength analysis is performed by means of appropriate mechanical model in terms of weak element hypotheses used in structure mechanics. Stress analysis gives the conservative strength estimates which will be referred to reliability margin. The stress safety factor is evaluated regarding the steady and cyclic loading. Because the measured data are of random nature and do not account for the distribution of faults at cross-section the statistical modeling of wear location over wires is performed. The total strength decrease is determined by superposition of strength reduction due to metallic area loss, and due to the wire breaks. Thus, the stress safety factor is considered as a probabilistic indicator of the state of the rope strength. The rope in service should be discarded if its stress safety factor becomes less than the empirical allowable strength factor which defines the rope margin of survival capability as a partially worn-out structure. Adjusted for regulatory disposal rules, three categories of worn rope condition are considered: serviceable, with a limited service life, and inoperative. These categories are presented by the green-yellow-red ranges at so-called «rope status map» in specified coordinates «Number of wire breaks — Loss of metallic section». The rope bearing capacity is promptly assessed by placing two mentioned testing data in corresponding position at the status map. An example is given related to the assessment of the status map for the load-carrying cable rod of the well pumping unit. Based on the obtained results the recommendations are formulated for application of the rope status maps as the templates for service personnel concerning further operation.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41255280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-34-39
E. V. Klovach, A. Pecherkin, V. I. Sidorov, V. K. Shalaev
The history and the current state of the legal regulation of the development, approval and application of the checklists by the federal state control (supervision) bodies are considered on the example of Rostechnadzor checklists. It is shown that in some cases the checklists are useless when conducting control (supervision) activities. The checklists were introduced into the legislation on the state control (supervision) and municipal control relatively recently, but the legal norms associated with them were already changed. During these changes, the field of the checklists application was expanded, and the questions included in them were potentially ceased to be the only questions that need to be answered when the officials of the federal state control (supervision) bodies carry out control (supervisory) activities, including on-site inspections. At the same time some uncertainty remained in the legislation related to the checklists. The following conclusions are made. 1. Legitimate checklists approved by Rostechnadzor and posted on its official website are not currently available and cannot be used during on-site inspections. 2. Forms of the checklists approved by the Orders of Rostechnadzor and posted on its official website should not be used during on-site inspections, since this is not provided for by the legislation, but can be used for self-examination. 3. The ability to not limit the check to the assessment of compliance with the requirements, for which there are questions in the form of a checklist, significantly reduces the importance of the checklists as a tool for formalizing and optimizing checks. 4. From the Federal Law of July 31, 2020, № 248-FZ «On State Control (Supervision) and Municipal Control in the Russian Federation», it is advisable to exclude the provisions on the approval of checklists by the state control (supervision) bodies, and their placement on the official websites of these bodies.
{"title":"On the Checklists of Rostechnadzor","authors":"E. V. Klovach, A. Pecherkin, V. I. Sidorov, V. K. Shalaev","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-34-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-34-39","url":null,"abstract":"The history and the current state of the legal regulation of the development, approval and application of the checklists by the federal state control (supervision) bodies are considered on the example of Rostechnadzor checklists. It is shown that in some cases the checklists are useless when conducting control (supervision) activities. The checklists were introduced into the legislation on the state control (supervision) and municipal control relatively recently, but the legal norms associated with them were already changed. During these changes, the field of the checklists application was expanded, and the questions included in them were potentially ceased to be the only questions that need to be answered when the officials of the federal state control (supervision) bodies carry out control (supervisory) activities, including on-site inspections. At the same time some uncertainty remained in the legislation related to the checklists. The following conclusions are made. 1. Legitimate checklists approved by Rostechnadzor and posted on its official website are not currently available and cannot be used during on-site inspections. 2. Forms of the checklists approved by the Orders of Rostechnadzor and posted on its official website should not be used during on-site inspections, since this is not provided for by the legislation, but can be used for self-examination. 3. The ability to not limit the check to the assessment of compliance with the requirements, for which there are questions in the form of a checklist, significantly reduces the importance of the checklists as a tool for formalizing and optimizing checks. 4. From the Federal Law of July 31, 2020, № 248-FZ «On State Control (Supervision) and Municipal Control in the Russian Federation», it is advisable to exclude the provisions on the approval of checklists by the state control (supervision) bodies, and their placement on the official websites of these bodies.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47536293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-83-89
A. A. Averkiev, G.Yu. Churkin, N.N. Talanova, A. S. Sofyin
Issues of the safety of the placement of hazardous production facilities, in particular the main gas pipelines, within the boundaries of the fifth subzone of the aerodrome territory, as well as the possibility of applying a risk-oriented approach in justifying such placement, currently have a high degree of relevance. The review was carried out concerning the domestic and foreign approaches used in the field of ensuring the safety of the aircraft flights. At the same time, it was not possible to find studies devoted to assessing the impact of possible accidents at hazardous production facilities, located, or designed within the aerodrome territory, on the safety of aircraft flights. The present work was done to fill this gap. The following are proposed as key indicators of acceptable risk: the individual risk of death of passengers and crew members arising from accidents at hazardous production facilities within the fifth subzone of the aerodrome territory of the civil aviation aerodrome, and the expected number of deaths on board the aircraft as a result of such accidents during the year. The values of the acceptable risk criteria are assessed on the basis of the world experience in rationing risk indicators and, are also based on the open statistical data of domestic criteria for the safety of aircraft flights and air passengers applicable to the problem under consideration. The proposed set of criteria allows to link the methodology for ensuring the industrial safety of hazardous production facilities with the specifics of ensuring the safety of aircraft flights and the statistical accounting of aviation incidents and accidents. The need to develop a specialized calculation methodology for determining the actual values of risk indicators proposed as safety criteria is noted. The basic requirements related to this methodology are outlined in the paper.
{"title":"Acceptable Risk Criteria when Justifying the Safety of the Placement of Main Gas Pipelines within the Fifth Subzone of the Aerodrome Territory","authors":"A. A. Averkiev, G.Yu. Churkin, N.N. Talanova, A. S. Sofyin","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-83-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-83-89","url":null,"abstract":"Issues of the safety of the placement of hazardous production facilities, in particular the main gas pipelines, within the boundaries of the fifth subzone of the aerodrome territory, as well as the possibility of applying a risk-oriented approach in justifying such placement, currently have a high degree of relevance. The review was carried out concerning the domestic and foreign approaches used in the field of ensuring the safety of the aircraft flights. At the same time, it was not possible to find studies devoted to assessing the impact of possible accidents at hazardous production facilities, located, or designed within the aerodrome territory, on the safety of aircraft flights. The present work was done to fill this gap. The following are proposed as key indicators of acceptable risk: the individual risk of death of passengers and crew members arising from accidents at hazardous production facilities within the fifth subzone of the aerodrome territory of the civil aviation aerodrome, and the expected number of deaths on board the aircraft as a result of such accidents during the year. The values of the acceptable risk criteria are assessed on the basis of the world experience in rationing risk indicators and, are also based on the open statistical data of domestic criteria for the safety of aircraft flights and air passengers applicable to the problem under consideration. The proposed set of criteria allows to link the methodology for ensuring the industrial safety of hazardous production facilities with the specifics of ensuring the safety of aircraft flights and the statistical accounting of aviation incidents and accidents. The need to develop a specialized calculation methodology for determining the actual values of risk indicators proposed as safety criteria is noted. The basic requirements related to this methodology are outlined in the paper.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44690182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-57-61
E. Sotnikova, N. Kalpina
The technology is considered related to the protection of the air environment of electric welding areas with the use of restorative ventilation and showering. With the help of it, polluted air is removed from the working area and the conditioned air is supplied instead for meeting the requirements of sanitary norms for the microclimate parameters of working premises and the content of harmful substances in them. The traditional technology of air purification from welding smoke has fundamental disadvantages, the main of which is the inability to clean the air from carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide impurities. To normalize the microclimate of working areas, the volumetric air conditioning is used, which requires enormous energy costs. At the same time, the distribution of supply air does not provide for the protection of the welder from intense thermal radiation. The system of harmful substances suction from the welding station limits the freedom of the welder action. Therefore, in some cases, he is forced to raise the suction funnel above his head, as a result of what the welding smoke enters the room. It is proposed to avoid the above shortcomings by improving the system of complex protection of the air environment, containing an exhaust panel, an apparatus for cleaning and heat-moisture treatment of air with its cooling and subsequent return to the welder working area. It is advisable to use an apparatus for wet air treatment made according to the type of a packed scrubber-absorber using water with active additives of permanganate and sodium bicarbonate dissolved in it, which contribute to the dissolution and retention of toxic gases of the welding smoke in water. To increase the efficiency of air purification in this apparatus, it is proposed to use a special irrigated nozzle made of porous plastic plates, in which artificial turbulence of the air flow is carried out, which ensures its intense heat and mass transfer and temperature reduction. The use of such a device allows to implement an energy-saving technology by reducing the performance of the supply units to the minimum required level of outdoor air supply.
{"title":"The System for Protecting Air Environment of the Welding Work Area Using Restorative Ventilation","authors":"E. Sotnikova, N. Kalpina","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-57-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-57-61","url":null,"abstract":"The technology is considered related to the protection of the air environment of electric welding areas with the use of restorative ventilation and showering. With the help of it, polluted air is removed from the working area and the conditioned air is supplied instead for meeting the requirements of sanitary norms for the microclimate parameters of working premises and the content of harmful substances in them. The traditional technology of air purification from welding smoke has fundamental disadvantages, the main of which is the inability to clean the air from carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide impurities. To normalize the microclimate of working areas, the volumetric air conditioning is used, which requires enormous energy costs. At the same time, the distribution of supply air does not provide for the protection of the welder from intense thermal radiation. The system of harmful substances suction from the welding station limits the freedom of the welder action. Therefore, in some cases, he is forced to raise the suction funnel above his head, as a result of what the welding smoke enters the room. It is proposed to avoid the above shortcomings by improving the system of complex protection of the air environment, containing an exhaust panel, an apparatus for cleaning and heat-moisture treatment of air with its cooling and subsequent return to the welder working area. It is advisable to use an apparatus for wet air treatment made according to the type of a packed scrubber-absorber using water with active additives of permanganate and sodium bicarbonate dissolved in it, which contribute to the dissolution and retention of toxic gases of the welding smoke in water. To increase the efficiency of air purification in this apparatus, it is proposed to use a special irrigated nozzle made of porous plastic plates, in which artificial turbulence of the air flow is carried out, which ensures its intense heat and mass transfer and temperature reduction. The use of such a device allows to implement an energy-saving technology by reducing the performance of the supply units to the minimum required level of outdoor air supply.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49295291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-14-21
N.G. Kelasyev, K. Avdeev, D. Levin, M. V. Lisanov, V. Bobrov
In this article, the mathematical models of structural materials describing their dynamic properties are considered for calculating building structures for the action of dynamic loads. Physical and mechanical properties are described related to reinforcing steel and concrete under the action of explosive loads, as well as the influence of the loading rate and other factors on the deformation diagram of steel and concrete. The analysis is carried out concerning the reasons for the increase in the resistance of concrete and reinforcement under rapidly increasing loads. The relevance of the topic is determined by its compliance with the main goals and objectives of the Russian state policy in the field of improving the safety of buildings and structures when exposed to explosive loads. The article describes the methods of mathematical description of the structural materials behavior under the action of explosive loads. A simplified method for modeling the dynamic properties of reinforcing steel and concrete by multiplying the calculated resistance by the dynamic strengthening factor, as well as a more time-consuming method based on the equations of gas-hydrodynamics and implemented in the LS-DYNA software package, are considered. The authors used the method of taking into account the dynamic strengthening of reinforcing steel and concrete based on the nonlinear behavior of materials using diagrams with a piecewise linear description. Dynamic hardening was considered using hardening factors. The purpose of the study is to compare the results of numerical calculation according to the method proposed by the authors with the data obtained during the experimental program Blind Blast Test. The calculation was carried out by the finite element method using the Lira 10.12 calculation complex. The DYNAMICS+ system was used to simulate the load from the action of an external explosion. The experimental model is a reinforced concrete slab reinforced with ASTM Grade 60#3 rods. The results of numerical calculation showed high convergence with the experimental program. The use of the method of accounting for the dynamic hardening of reinforcing steel and concrete, based on the nonlinear behavior of materials using diagrams with a piecewise linear description, is the most optimal model that allows to get a fairly accurate solution and at the same time is acceptable from the point of view of labor intensity. This article is of interest to design engineers engaged in the calculation of structures for explosive loads.
{"title":"Models of Concrete and Reinforcement under Explosive Loads","authors":"N.G. Kelasyev, K. Avdeev, D. Levin, M. V. Lisanov, V. Bobrov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-14-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-14-21","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the mathematical models of structural materials describing their dynamic properties are considered for calculating building structures for the action of dynamic loads. Physical and mechanical properties are described related to reinforcing steel and concrete under the action of explosive loads, as well as the influence of the loading rate and other factors on the deformation diagram of steel and concrete. The analysis is carried out concerning the reasons for the increase in the resistance of concrete and reinforcement under rapidly increasing loads. The relevance of the topic is determined by its compliance with the main goals and objectives of the Russian state policy in the field of improving the safety of buildings and structures when exposed to explosive loads. The article describes the methods of mathematical description of the structural materials behavior under the action of explosive loads. A simplified method for modeling the dynamic properties of reinforcing steel and concrete by multiplying the calculated resistance by the dynamic strengthening factor, as well as a more time-consuming method based on the equations of gas-hydrodynamics and implemented in the LS-DYNA software package, are considered. The authors used the method of taking into account the dynamic strengthening of reinforcing steel and concrete based on the nonlinear behavior of materials using diagrams with a piecewise linear description. Dynamic hardening was considered using hardening factors. The purpose of the study is to compare the results of numerical calculation according to the method proposed by the authors with the data obtained during the experimental program Blind Blast Test. The calculation was carried out by the finite element method using the Lira 10.12 calculation complex. The DYNAMICS+ system was used to simulate the load from the action of an external explosion. The experimental model is a reinforced concrete slab reinforced with ASTM Grade 60#3 rods. The results of numerical calculation showed high convergence with the experimental program. The use of the method of accounting for the dynamic hardening of reinforcing steel and concrete, based on the nonlinear behavior of materials using diagrams with a piecewise linear description, is the most optimal model that allows to get a fairly accurate solution and at the same time is acceptable from the point of view of labor intensity. This article is of interest to design engineers engaged in the calculation of structures for explosive loads.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45588576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-40-47
S. N. Podobrazhin, T. V. Stulskaya, E. S. Zarubina
The article presents the results of the analysis of the main indicators of the supervisory and control activities of Rostechnadzor in the field of industrial safety at hazardous production facilities of the coal industry. It is revealed that with the implementation of constant state control (supervision), the share of bans and suspensions of the activities of hazardous production facilities increased by 1.5 times, while the injury and accident rates decreased significantly. This indicates an increase in the efficiency of supervision, and the level of industrial safety in the industry. The factors (reasons and circumstances) of prohibitions and suspensions of the activities of hazardous production facilities of the coal industry due to the violations of industrial safety requirements and mining operations are considered. Suspension and prohibition of the activities means that there is a potential risk of an emergency occurence. Considering the emphasis on stimulating risk prevention, characteristic assessments of the subjects of supervision indicated in the acts of scheduled field inspections carried out in 2021 as part of the state control and supervision of compliance by coal enterprises with industrial safety requirements are highlighted in the article. When analyzing the acts of scheduled inspections, attention was paid to the presence of identified violations that could provoke an accident or incident, leading to a deviation from the established mode of the technological process and possible causing harm. It should be noted that in the inspection acts, great emphasis is placed on monitoring the condition of technical devices: fences, signaling devices, blockages, crossings, stairs, platforms, railings, etc., what applies to the subjects of supervision by the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation. Therefore, in order to improve the level of industrial safety and the safety of mining operations at the coal industry enterprises, the emphasis should be placed on the adapted application of a risk-oriented approach to the subjects of supervision of a particular hazardous production facility. This approach will increase the level of industrial safety at the controlled enterprises and reduce the costs of the caused harm (damage).
{"title":"On Increasing the Level of Industrial Safety at the Enterprises of the Coal Industry","authors":"S. N. Podobrazhin, T. V. Stulskaya, E. S. Zarubina","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-40-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-40-47","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the analysis of the main indicators of the supervisory and control activities of Rostechnadzor in the field of industrial safety at hazardous production facilities of the coal industry. It is revealed that with the implementation of constant state control (supervision), the share of bans and suspensions of the activities of hazardous production facilities increased by 1.5 times, while the injury and accident rates decreased significantly. This indicates an increase in the efficiency of supervision, and the level of industrial safety in the industry. The factors (reasons and circumstances) of prohibitions and suspensions of the activities of hazardous production facilities of the coal industry due to the violations of industrial safety requirements and mining operations are considered. Suspension and prohibition of the activities means that there is a potential risk of an emergency occurence. Considering the emphasis on stimulating risk prevention, characteristic assessments of the subjects of supervision indicated in the acts of scheduled field inspections carried out in 2021 as part of the state control and supervision of compliance by coal enterprises with industrial safety requirements are highlighted in the article. When analyzing the acts of scheduled inspections, attention was paid to the presence of identified violations that could provoke an accident or incident, leading to a deviation from the established mode of the technological process and possible causing harm. It should be noted that in the inspection acts, great emphasis is placed on monitoring the condition of technical devices: fences, signaling devices, blockages, crossings, stairs, platforms, railings, etc., what applies to the subjects of supervision by the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation. Therefore, in order to improve the level of industrial safety and the safety of mining operations at the coal industry enterprises, the emphasis should be placed on the adapted application of a risk-oriented approach to the subjects of supervision of a particular hazardous production facility. This approach will increase the level of industrial safety at the controlled enterprises and reduce the costs of the caused harm (damage).","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41684277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-22-26
I. Reformatskaya, A. Podobayev
The failure of the cooling systems of engines and propellers of the ship poses the serious hazard to passengers and crew. Damage to these units is often caused by corrosion, with localized corrosion being the most dangerous. In the case under consideration, when the metal is simultaneously affected by a corrosive environment and alternating mechanical loads, conditions arise for the behaviour (occurrence) of corrosion fatigue. The prospects of cathodic electrochemical protection of these units are considered in the paper. Since the cooling systems and propellers are made of copper alloys, the effect was studied concerning the potential and composition of the solution on the corrosion of the main component of the structural material — copper. Copper samples with a smooth mechanical pressure concentrator cantilevered in a fluoroplastic electrochemical cell were tested. Alternating bending loads were applied to them, and the number of load cycles before the destruction of the sample (durability) was determined. The experiments were carried out in deaerated solutions of the surfactantly inactive electrolyte NaF, as well as fluoride solutions with additives of surfactants and organic surfactants - benzotriazole. At the same time, an interval of potentials was set, in which the only Faraday process is possible — the reduction of traces of dissolved oxygen. It was found that at potentials less than the zero charge potential, the durability of copper increases significantly. And the introduction of chloride ions and benzotriazole into the solution, on the contrary, leads to a strong decrease in its durability. The potential of zero charge of copper was determined from the measurement data of the differential capacitance of the metal in sodium fluoride solutions with different concentrations of fluoride. The increase in the durability of the metal is explained by the occurrence of hydrogen bonds between the water molecules adsorbed by the hydrogen atoms. This manifests the so-called negative Rebinder effect. For electrochemical protection, the potential range is recommended below the potential of zero charge of the metal, but above the potential of water decomposition. For cooling systems, it is recommended to use deionized water as a coolant.
{"title":"Corrosion Fatigue of Copper in Aqueous Media","authors":"I. Reformatskaya, A. Podobayev","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-22-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-22-26","url":null,"abstract":"The failure of the cooling systems of engines and propellers of the ship poses the serious hazard to passengers and crew. Damage to these units is often caused by corrosion, with localized corrosion being the most dangerous. In the case under consideration, when the metal is simultaneously affected by a corrosive environment and alternating mechanical loads, conditions arise for the behaviour (occurrence) of corrosion fatigue. The prospects of cathodic electrochemical protection of these units are considered in the paper. Since the cooling systems and propellers are made of copper alloys, the effect was studied concerning the potential and composition of the solution on the corrosion of the main component of the structural material — copper. Copper samples with a smooth mechanical pressure concentrator cantilevered in a fluoroplastic electrochemical cell were tested. Alternating bending loads were applied to them, and the number of load cycles before the destruction of the sample (durability) was determined. The experiments were carried out in deaerated solutions of the surfactantly inactive electrolyte NaF, as well as fluoride solutions with additives of surfactants and organic surfactants - benzotriazole. At the same time, an interval of potentials was set, in which the only Faraday process is possible — the reduction of traces of dissolved oxygen. It was found that at potentials less than the zero charge potential, the durability of copper increases significantly. And the introduction of chloride ions and benzotriazole into the solution, on the contrary, leads to a strong decrease in its durability. The potential of zero charge of copper was determined from the measurement data of the differential capacitance of the metal in sodium fluoride solutions with different concentrations of fluoride. The increase in the durability of the metal is explained by the occurrence of hydrogen bonds between the water molecules adsorbed by the hydrogen atoms. This manifests the so-called negative Rebinder effect. For electrochemical protection, the potential range is recommended below the potential of zero charge of the metal, but above the potential of water decomposition. For cooling systems, it is recommended to use deionized water as a coolant.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48839349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：