Ahmed Abbas Hasan, Hams Ahmed Al Jndeel, Humam Kasem Hussein
Introduction & Aim: Long-term diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to have a deleterious impact on bone health, resulting in change in bone mineral density, bone turnover, and bone quality, all of which increase the risk of fractures. The aim of. this study was to link immunological and pro-inflammatory cytokine (I.L-6, I.L-1, and TNF-alpha) markers in patients.with type 1 diabetes to Their connection to bones formation (sPINP) and bone resorption parameters (sCTX). Materials & Methods: This study included 80 patients suffering from T1DM in the age range of 20-45 years. The patients were assayed for their biochemical (Vitamin D and HbA1c), Immunological (IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-alpha) parameters, as well as bone formation and resorption markers. Results: HbA1c values were observed to be 7.5 in 85% of individuals, while vitamin D levels were 16 ng/mL. Correlation in patients with HbA1c 7.5. The results of a linear regression between I.L-6 and sCTX showed that there was an increase in sCTX for each unit of IL-6. Conclusion: In patients with HbA1c levels 7.5, there is an association between IL-6, TNFalpha, and the bone resorption. TNF-alpha and IL-6 have been linked to metabolic control loss.
{"title":"Role of immunological and biochemical markers in bone turnover in type I diabetic patients in Karbala province, Iraq","authors":"Ahmed Abbas Hasan, Hams Ahmed Al Jndeel, Humam Kasem Hussein","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3265","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction & Aim: Long-term diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to have a deleterious impact on bone health, resulting in change in bone mineral density, bone turnover, and bone quality, all of which increase the risk of fractures. The aim of. this study was to link immunological and pro-inflammatory cytokine (I.L-6, I.L-1, and TNF-alpha) markers in patients.with type 1 diabetes to Their connection to bones formation (sPINP) and bone resorption parameters (sCTX). Materials & Methods: This study included 80 patients suffering from T1DM in the age range of 20-45 years. The patients were assayed for their biochemical (Vitamin D and HbA1c), Immunological (IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-alpha) parameters, as well as bone formation and resorption markers. Results: HbA1c values were observed to be 7.5 in 85% of individuals, while vitamin D levels were 16 ng/mL. Correlation in patients with HbA1c 7.5. The results of a linear regression between I.L-6 and sCTX showed that there was an increase in sCTX for each unit of IL-6. Conclusion: In patients with HbA1c levels 7.5, there is an association between IL-6, TNFalpha, and the bone resorption. TNF-alpha and IL-6 have been linked to metabolic control loss.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Obesity, commonly known as a complex multifactorial disease, has emerged as a significant medical and societal issue in recent decades. The objective of this study is to assess if there is a significant impact of Q-heterochromatin (Q-HR) and thermal conductivity (k) in the body on the risk of obesity. Methods: This prospective analytical cohort study included 300 individuals from both genders aged 35.24 4.21 years who do not have oncological, hormonal, or other forms of diseases that predispose to morbid obesity. Results: In obese individuals, the temperature distribution in the peripheral and central parts of the body has a high level of variability relative to the control. In the main group, Q HR has a clear gradient from 0 to 2, and the average numerical parameter is 1.21 0.11, which is more than twice as low as in the control group (2.94 0.14). In obese individuals, the chromatin concentration decreased with increasing temperature gradient (X2 = -16.8; p0.001). Conclusion: The level of Q-HR is considerably lower in obese people compared to the control group. When compared to the control, obese people had a higher k between the central and peripheral sections. The level of Q-HR and k were shown to be inversely correlated.
{"title":"Role of Q-heterochromatin and thermal conductivity of the human body in the development of obesity","authors":"Stalbek Akhunbaev, Orozaly Uzakov, Yethindra Vityala","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3373","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Obesity, commonly known as a complex multifactorial disease, has emerged as a significant medical and societal issue in recent decades. The objective of this study is to assess if there is a significant impact of Q-heterochromatin (Q-HR) and thermal conductivity (k) in the body on the risk of obesity. Methods: This prospective analytical cohort study included 300 individuals from both genders aged 35.24 4.21 years who do not have oncological, hormonal, or other forms of diseases that predispose to morbid obesity. Results: In obese individuals, the temperature distribution in the peripheral and central parts of the body has a high level of variability relative to the control. In the main group, Q HR has a clear gradient from 0 to 2, and the average numerical parameter is 1.21 0.11, which is more than twice as low as in the control group (2.94 0.14). In obese individuals, the chromatin concentration decreased with increasing temperature gradient (X2 = -16.8; p0.001). Conclusion: The level of Q-HR is considerably lower in obese people compared to the control group. When compared to the control, obese people had a higher k between the central and peripheral sections. The level of Q-HR and k were shown to be inversely correlated.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uveitis is one of the major causes of blindness in the world. The International Uveitis Study Group (IUSG) defines panuveitis as a generalized inflammation of all three uveal organs (iris, ciliary body, and vitreous humour) based on anatomical location. The standard line of management of panuveitis involves the use of Immunosuppressive drugs, steroid therapy and NSAIDs. We describe how an integrative approach can help a patient with bilateral panuveitis become less dependent on immunosuppressive medications. A 55-year-old female, diagnosed with bilateral panuveitis sought Ayurvedic treatment after being dependent on steroids for 3 years. She was managed with internal medicines and external therapies for 4 years. During quarterly follow ups in this time, her immunosuppressive drugs, DMARD and NSAID were all gradually tapered and withdrawn. The frequency of acute phases of the disease was considerably reduced and her vision markedly improved to normalcy. There was also significant improvement in her overall health status. Integration of Ayurveda with the conventional treatment can reduce the dependence on immunosuppressive drugs and also improve the quality of life of the patient.
{"title":"An integrative approach to panuveitis- A case report","authors":"Shanti K., Gopinathan G.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.2971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.2971","url":null,"abstract":"Uveitis is one of the major causes of blindness in the world. The International Uveitis Study Group (IUSG) defines panuveitis as a generalized inflammation of all three uveal organs (iris, ciliary body, and vitreous humour) based on anatomical location. The standard line of management of panuveitis involves the use of Immunosuppressive drugs, steroid therapy and NSAIDs. We describe how an integrative approach can help a patient with bilateral panuveitis become less dependent on immunosuppressive medications. A 55-year-old female, diagnosed with bilateral panuveitis sought Ayurvedic treatment after being dependent on steroids for 3 years. She was managed with internal medicines and external therapies for 4 years. During quarterly follow ups in this time, her immunosuppressive drugs, DMARD and NSAID were all gradually tapered and withdrawn. The frequency of acute phases of the disease was considerably reduced and her vision markedly improved to normalcy. There was also significant improvement in her overall health status. Integration of Ayurveda with the conventional treatment can reduce the dependence on immunosuppressive drugs and also improve the quality of life of the patient.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kadhim Fadhil Kadhim, Hussein Ali Aldabis, Hayder Hasan AL-Kabi, Nrjes Tarq Sary Al-Maliki
Introduction and Aim: The growing popularity of herbal medicine can be attributed to its accessibility via the internet, cost, cultural tolerance, and perceived compatibility with the human body. However, since not all herbal therapies are safe or suitable for everyone, exercising caution and being mindful of the potential risks associated with their use are essential. The study aimed to determine the frequency, circumstances, and reasons for engaging in self-medication practices. It also explored the impact of self-medication and analyzed gender differences in anxiety levels related to such practices. Materials and Methods: The research, based on a sample size of 1023 participants, sought to investigate and comprehend the patterns and characteristics of herbal self-medication across different sociological groups while considering various variables. Results: The research findings indicated notable gender-related disparities in the prevalence of herbal self-medication. No significant differences were observed based on residence. Moreover, educational attainment played a role in self-medication practices, with individuals having postsecondary education displaying the highest inclination. Self-medication was observed across diverse health conditions, ranging from systemic illnesses to chronic diseases. Remarkably, 64.8% of women experienced anxiety, in contrast to only 20% of men, when engaging in self-medication practices. The research findings indicated a higher tendency for self-medication among women, with no notable variations based on residential location. Moreover, individuals with higher levels of education demonstrated a greater inclination towards self-medication. Conclusion: The most prevalent reasons cited for self-medication were pain relief and inflammation management. Most participants reported experiencing no symptoms after self-medication, while women exhibited higher levels of anxiety.
{"title":"Self-medication with herbal remedies: Understanding the practices in Iraqi society","authors":"Kadhim Fadhil Kadhim, Hussein Ali Aldabis, Hayder Hasan AL-Kabi, Nrjes Tarq Sary Al-Maliki","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3218","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: The growing popularity of herbal medicine can be attributed to its accessibility via the internet, cost, cultural tolerance, and perceived compatibility with the human body. However, since not all herbal therapies are safe or suitable for everyone, exercising caution and being mindful of the potential risks associated with their use are essential. The study aimed to determine the frequency, circumstances, and reasons for engaging in self-medication practices. It also explored the impact of self-medication and analyzed gender differences in anxiety levels related to such practices. Materials and Methods: The research, based on a sample size of 1023 participants, sought to investigate and comprehend the patterns and characteristics of herbal self-medication across different sociological groups while considering various variables. Results: The research findings indicated notable gender-related disparities in the prevalence of herbal self-medication. No significant differences were observed based on residence. Moreover, educational attainment played a role in self-medication practices, with individuals having postsecondary education displaying the highest inclination. Self-medication was observed across diverse health conditions, ranging from systemic illnesses to chronic diseases. Remarkably, 64.8% of women experienced anxiety, in contrast to only 20% of men, when engaging in self-medication practices. The research findings indicated a higher tendency for self-medication among women, with no notable variations based on residential location. Moreover, individuals with higher levels of education demonstrated a greater inclination towards self-medication. Conclusion: The most prevalent reasons cited for self-medication were pain relief and inflammation management. Most participants reported experiencing no symptoms after self-medication, while women exhibited higher levels of anxiety.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nawal M. Utba, Tamara Adnan Abed, Ali H. Abdulkarem
Introduction and Aim: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces very high-inflammatory responses which is a major cause of COVID-19 disease severity and death. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), among other patient proinflammatory cytokines, especially its genomic polymorphisms that affect the body's immune system, can influence the course of infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between IL-6 and COVID-19 disease in Iraqi patients. Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 100 Covid-19 infected patients (50 with moderate and 50 with severe infection), and 50 healthy individuals (controls) from Iraq. DNA isolated from blood samples of each participant was subjected to PCR amplification of the SNP rs1800795 fragment of the Interleukin- 6 gene, which was further genotyped for the -174 G/C polymorphism. Serum interleukin- 6 (IL-6) levels were evaluated to assess the correlation between the IL-6 levels and the SNP rs1800795 genotypes. Results: The levels of IL-6 in sera of moderate and critical COVID-19 groups were significantly higher and increased with intensity of COVID-19 disease. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis showed the SNP rs1800795 genotypes (GG, GC, and CC) to remain constant in COVID-19 patients and controls. The study also showed no significant differences (p>0.05) for the IL-6 serum levels in association to the three genotypes. Conclusion: SNP rs1800795 genotypes do not pose a risk factor for developing severe COVID-19 in the Iraqi population. Increased age, on the other hand, could be considered a risk factor for COVID-19 outcomes. COVID-19 vaccination is highly efficient in preventing severe COVID-19 infection.
{"title":"Assessing the correlation between SNP rs1800795 genotypes to serum Interleukin- 6 levels among COVID-19 patients in Iraq","authors":"Nawal M. Utba, Tamara Adnan Abed, Ali H. Abdulkarem","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3259","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces very high-inflammatory responses which is a major cause of COVID-19 disease severity and death. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), among other patient proinflammatory cytokines, especially its genomic polymorphisms that affect the body's immune system, can influence the course of infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between IL-6 and COVID-19 disease in Iraqi patients. Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 100 Covid-19 infected patients (50 with moderate and 50 with severe infection), and 50 healthy individuals (controls) from Iraq. DNA isolated from blood samples of each participant was subjected to PCR amplification of the SNP rs1800795 fragment of the Interleukin- 6 gene, which was further genotyped for the -174 G/C polymorphism. Serum interleukin- 6 (IL-6) levels were evaluated to assess the correlation between the IL-6 levels and the SNP rs1800795 genotypes. Results: The levels of IL-6 in sera of moderate and critical COVID-19 groups were significantly higher and increased with intensity of COVID-19 disease. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis showed the SNP rs1800795 genotypes (GG, GC, and CC) to remain constant in COVID-19 patients and controls. The study also showed no significant differences (p>0.05) for the IL-6 serum levels in association to the three genotypes. Conclusion: SNP rs1800795 genotypes do not pose a risk factor for developing severe COVID-19 in the Iraqi population. Increased age, on the other hand, could be considered a risk factor for COVID-19 outcomes. COVID-19 vaccination is highly efficient in preventing severe COVID-19 infection.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rabiha Q. Thajel, Abdulameer M. Ghareeb, Qays A. M. Al-Khafaji
Introduction and Aim: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that affects glucose levels. This condition increases blood sugar and weakens immunity, damaging neutrophil function and urine antibacterial activity. IL-6 and TLR-4 are involved in inflammation and immune system control, while miR-146-5p may be a biomarker for diabetes. This study examines IL-6, TLR-4, and miR-146-5p in diabetics with and without UT infection. Materials and Methods: In this study, blood samples were collected from 100 diabetic mellitus patients suffering from UTI in addition to 100 individuals apparently healthy as control. The serum levels of IL-6 and TLR-4 were detected using commercial BTlab brand ELISA kits. The plasma RNA expression level of the miR-146a-5p was determined by real time-PCR using a specific primer for miR-146a-5p with the U6 gene utilized as a reference gene. Results: The results showed that diabetic patient’s group had a significantly higher response of IL-6 than controls (75.6 vs. 27.6). TLR-4 levels showed high levels in diabetic patients’ group (1.3) in comparison with the control group (0.441). Both IL-6 and TLR-4 levels showed a significant difference between the diabetic patients with UTI compared to control. The results revealed no-significant differences in the levels among both diabetic patients with UTI and patients without UTI. TLR-4 and IL-6 showed a significant inverse relationship while the relation between TLR-4 level and miR-146a-5p expression level showed a negative relationship. Conclusion: The levels of IL-6, TLR-4, and miR-146-5p expression were found to be considerably greater in individuals with diabetes having UTIs compared to patients with diabetes alone. An inverse relationship existed between IL-6 and TLR-4 levels as well as between TLR-4 and miR-146a-5p. The expression levels of IL-6 and miR-146-5p were nearly equal.
简介和目的:糖尿病是一种影响血糖水平的慢性代谢疾病。这种情况会使血糖升高，免疫力减弱，损害中性粒细胞功能和尿液抗菌活性。IL-6和TLR-4参与炎症和免疫系统控制，而miR-146-5p可能是糖尿病的生物标志物。本研究检测了伴有和不伴有UT感染的糖尿病患者的IL-6、TLR-4和miR-146-5p。材料与方法:本研究采集了100例糖尿病尿路感染患者的血液样本，同时采集了100例表面健康的患者作为对照。采用商用BTlab品牌ELISA试剂盒检测血清IL-6和TLR-4水平。采用miR-146a-5p特异性引物，以U6基因作为内参基因，real - time-PCR检测miR-146a-5p的血浆RNA表达水平。结果:糖尿病患者组IL-6应答明显高于对照组(75.6 vs. 27.6)。与对照组(0.441)相比，糖尿病组TLR-4水平较高(1.3)。糖尿病合并UTI患者与对照组相比，IL-6和TLR-4水平均有显著差异。结果显示合并UTI的糖尿病患者和未合并UTI的糖尿病患者的水平无显著差异。TLR-4与IL-6呈显著负相关，而TLR-4水平与miR-146a-5p表达水平呈负相关。结论:与糖尿病患者相比，合并尿路感染的糖尿病患者IL-6、TLR-4和miR-146-5p的表达水平明显更高。IL-6与TLR-4、TLR-4与miR-146a-5p呈负相关。IL-6和miR-146-5p的表达水平几乎相等。
{"title":"Assessing miR-146a-5P with IL-6 and TLR-4 serum levels in diabetic mellitus patients with or without urinary tract infection","authors":"Rabiha Q. Thajel, Abdulameer M. Ghareeb, Qays A. M. Al-Khafaji","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3258","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that affects glucose levels. This condition increases blood sugar and weakens immunity, damaging neutrophil function and urine antibacterial activity. IL-6 and TLR-4 are involved in inflammation and immune system control, while miR-146-5p may be a biomarker for diabetes. This study examines IL-6, TLR-4, and miR-146-5p in diabetics with and without UT infection. Materials and Methods: In this study, blood samples were collected from 100 diabetic mellitus patients suffering from UTI in addition to 100 individuals apparently healthy as control. The serum levels of IL-6 and TLR-4 were detected using commercial BTlab brand ELISA kits. The plasma RNA expression level of the miR-146a-5p was determined by real time-PCR using a specific primer for miR-146a-5p with the U6 gene utilized as a reference gene. Results: The results showed that diabetic patient’s group had a significantly higher response of IL-6 than controls (75.6 vs. 27.6). TLR-4 levels showed high levels in diabetic patients’ group (1.3) in comparison with the control group (0.441). Both IL-6 and TLR-4 levels showed a significant difference between the diabetic patients with UTI compared to control. The results revealed no-significant differences in the levels among both diabetic patients with UTI and patients without UTI. TLR-4 and IL-6 showed a significant inverse relationship while the relation between TLR-4 level and miR-146a-5p expression level showed a negative relationship. Conclusion: The levels of IL-6, TLR-4, and miR-146-5p expression were found to be considerably greater in individuals with diabetes having UTIs compared to patients with diabetes alone. An inverse relationship existed between IL-6 and TLR-4 levels as well as between TLR-4 and miR-146a-5p. The expression levels of IL-6 and miR-146-5p were nearly equal.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prajna P. Nayak, Meghna Bhandary, Merrin Elza John
Introduction and Aim: Pregnancy is a critical period in women's lives and presents complex physiological changes that can influence oral health and vice versa. Integrating education on maternal oral health into dental curricula can help ensure comprehensive care for both pregnant women and their children by equipping dental graduates with the knowledge and skills to address the unique oral health challenges faced by expectant mothers. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitudes of graduating dental students regarding maternal oral health and its impact on both mothers and infants. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a dental college in southern India. 100 graduating dental students completed a structured questionnaire. Results: 95% of students acknowledged the influence of maternal oral health on both mothers and infants, and 12% displayed a high level of knowledge. However, the average mean score obtained was 63.58% and knowledge gaps were observed in areas such as drug interactions, early childhood caries, and reducing oral bacterial load in expectant mothers. Despite this, 91% believed paediatric dentists should be part of perinatal care teams to promote maternal oral health awareness. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of education and integrating dental professionals in prenatal and antenatal care for improved oral health outcomes.
{"title":"Exploring dental graduates' knowledge and attitudes towards maternal oral health and its relationship to maternal and child health","authors":"Prajna P. Nayak, Meghna Bhandary, Merrin Elza John","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3311","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Pregnancy is a critical period in women's lives and presents complex physiological changes that can influence oral health and vice versa. Integrating education on maternal oral health into dental curricula can help ensure comprehensive care for both pregnant women and their children by equipping dental graduates with the knowledge and skills to address the unique oral health challenges faced by expectant mothers. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitudes of graduating dental students regarding maternal oral health and its impact on both mothers and infants. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a dental college in southern India. 100 graduating dental students completed a structured questionnaire. Results: 95% of students acknowledged the influence of maternal oral health on both mothers and infants, and 12% displayed a high level of knowledge. However, the average mean score obtained was 63.58% and knowledge gaps were observed in areas such as drug interactions, early childhood caries, and reducing oral bacterial load in expectant mothers. Despite this, 91% believed paediatric dentists should be part of perinatal care teams to promote maternal oral health awareness. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of education and integrating dental professionals in prenatal and antenatal care for improved oral health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Although the pathophysiological processes underlying the association between congestive heart failure (CHF) and osteoporosis (OP) are unknown, there is evidence that several changes observed in CHF may play a role in bone loss. The objective of the study is to examine the impact of soluble TNF-alpha receptor 1 (sR1-TNF-alpha) and soluble TNF-alpha receptor 2 (sR2-TNF-alpha) on the risk of fractures in patients with OP associated with CHF and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This study included 178 women aged 50–65 years, divided into four groups. Group 1 consisted of 48 women diagnosed with HF and T2DM. Group 2 included 93 patients with OP and HF. Group 3 consisted of 37 women with OP, HF, and T2DM. Results: The levels of sR1-TNF-alpha and sR2-TNF-alpha in patient groups 1 through 3 were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.01). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that patients in group 3 had much greater levels of both receptors than those in groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: High levels of sR1-TNF-alpha and sR2-TNF-alpha in postmenopausal women with CHF are associated with an increased risk of a poor outcome during OP.
{"title":"Risk of fractures in patients with osteoporosis associated with chronic heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Daniial Chyngyshpaev, Orozaly Uzakov, Mairam Kerimaly kyzy, Sergey Shilov, Stalbek Akhunbaev, Aida Uzakova, Tugolbai Tagaev","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3374","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Although the pathophysiological processes underlying the association between congestive heart failure (CHF) and osteoporosis (OP) are unknown, there is evidence that several changes observed in CHF may play a role in bone loss. The objective of the study is to examine the impact of soluble TNF-alpha receptor 1 (sR1-TNF-alpha) and soluble TNF-alpha receptor 2 (sR2-TNF-alpha) on the risk of fractures in patients with OP associated with CHF and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This study included 178 women aged 50–65 years, divided into four groups. Group 1 consisted of 48 women diagnosed with HF and T2DM. Group 2 included 93 patients with OP and HF. Group 3 consisted of 37 women with OP, HF, and T2DM. Results: The levels of sR1-TNF-alpha and sR2-TNF-alpha in patient groups 1 through 3 were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.01). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that patients in group 3 had much greater levels of both receptors than those in groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: High levels of sR1-TNF-alpha and sR2-TNF-alpha in postmenopausal women with CHF are associated with an increased risk of a poor outcome during OP.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alyaa Ghaffar Husain, Bahaa Abdullah Laftaah Alrubaii
Introduction and Aim: Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors genes are a growing concern as they are involved not only in its pathogenicity, but also cause bacterial resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. Laboratory identification of clinical isolates carrying the virulence genes would be critical in limiting the bacteria's spread and reducing its pathogenicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate a simple and inexpensive real-time PCR test to find the level of expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence genes before and after treatment with specific concentration of Lactobacillus acidophilus cell-free supernatants (CFSs). Materials and Methods: Between December 2021 and June 2022, 350 clinical samples collected from Baghdad hospitals, Iraq, were tested for the presence of P. aeruginosa. The P. aeruginosa isolated were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. P. aeruginosa virulence genes were detected by using the reverse transcription-PCR method. The expression levels of these genes before and after treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus cell-free supernatants were measured by real-time PCR. Results: Out of 350 samples tested, 60 isolates were positive for the presence of P. aeruginosa. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed a high level of antibiotic resistance, while genetic techniques identified the presence of several virulence genes that exhibited variable expression under the influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus supernatants. Conclusion: The study findings showed that L. acidophilus supernatants had an effect on reducing the expression of certain virulence genes of P. aeruginosa, implying that L. acidophilus could be used as an option in treating P. aeruginosa infection.
{"title":"Molecular detection and expression of virulence factor encoding genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples","authors":"Alyaa Ghaffar Husain, Bahaa Abdullah Laftaah Alrubaii","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3263","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors genes are a growing concern as they are involved not only in its pathogenicity, but also cause bacterial resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. Laboratory identification of clinical isolates carrying the virulence genes would be critical in limiting the bacteria's spread and reducing its pathogenicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate a simple and inexpensive real-time PCR test to find the level of expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence genes before and after treatment with specific concentration of Lactobacillus acidophilus cell-free supernatants (CFSs). Materials and Methods: Between December 2021 and June 2022, 350 clinical samples collected from Baghdad hospitals, Iraq, were tested for the presence of P. aeruginosa. The P. aeruginosa isolated were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. P. aeruginosa virulence genes were detected by using the reverse transcription-PCR method. The expression levels of these genes before and after treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus cell-free supernatants were measured by real-time PCR. Results: Out of 350 samples tested, 60 isolates were positive for the presence of P. aeruginosa. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed a high level of antibiotic resistance, while genetic techniques identified the presence of several virulence genes that exhibited variable expression under the influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus supernatants. Conclusion: The study findings showed that L. acidophilus supernatants had an effect on reducing the expression of certain virulence genes of P. aeruginosa, implying that L. acidophilus could be used as an option in treating P. aeruginosa infection.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: The frequent cause of mortality today is cardiovascular disease. Though dyslipidemia predicts cardiovascular risk, the possibility of risk cannot be excluded in normal lipid profile. Therefore, the study was conducted to associate visceral adiposity index (VAI) with cardiovascular risk factors among young adults. Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional study in which 150 men and 150 women between the ages of 20 and 40 participated. A detailed clinical history, anthropometric measurements, fasting plasma glucose and fasting lipid profile were estimated. VAI was calculated. Results: Mean VAI was 2.13±0.5 in men and 2.65±0.8 in women. Based on visceral adiposity index, 53% men and 61% women have a high risk of cardiovascular disease. VAI correlated positively with waist circumference, BMI, waist hip ratio, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, serum triglyceride, lipid ratios. VAI showed significant negative correlation with HDL cholesterol. Conclusion: We explored the increase in cardiovascular risk among young adults. Though mean values of lipid profile and lipid ratios were within the desired range in our study, around 50% of the young adults had high risk for cardiovascular disease. Hence, VAI index can be used along with the existing lipid profile to identify those at increased cardiovascular risk.
{"title":"Association of visceral adiposity index with cardiovascular risk factors among young adults","authors":"Suryapriya Rajendran, Logesh Khanna Sekar, Sasmita Mishra, Manju Madhavanpillai","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.2704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.2704","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: The frequent cause of mortality today is cardiovascular disease. Though dyslipidemia predicts cardiovascular risk, the possibility of risk cannot be excluded in normal lipid profile. Therefore, the study was conducted to associate visceral adiposity index (VAI) with cardiovascular risk factors among young adults. Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional study in which 150 men and 150 women between the ages of 20 and 40 participated. A detailed clinical history, anthropometric measurements, fasting plasma glucose and fasting lipid profile were estimated. VAI was calculated. Results: Mean VAI was 2.13±0.5 in men and 2.65±0.8 in women. Based on visceral adiposity index, 53% men and 61% women have a high risk of cardiovascular disease. VAI correlated positively with waist circumference, BMI, waist hip ratio, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, serum triglyceride, lipid ratios. VAI showed significant negative correlation with HDL cholesterol. Conclusion: We explored the increase in cardiovascular risk among young adults. Though mean values of lipid profile and lipid ratios were within the desired range in our study, around 50% of the young adults had high risk for cardiovascular disease. Hence, VAI index can be used along with the existing lipid profile to identify those at increased cardiovascular risk.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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