Koteeswaran Pavithra, Jamaluddin Mohammed Farzan, Parisa Norouzi Baghkomeh, Valsalam Saritha
Introduction and Aim: Human health concerns are converging, necessitating a concerted effort to find preventive and therapeutic approaches. Fruits and vegetables are the primary sources of essential nutrients and have various bioactive compounds suitable for treating oral diseases in children. In the Indian sub-continent, the most consumed fruit juices are Pineapple - Ananas comosus and Grape - Vitis vinifera because they are easily accessible, cost-effective, and have increased beneficial effects on oral microorganisms. This present study aimed to assess the antibacterial efficacy of fruit juice extracts of A. comosus and V. vinifera on two major cariogenic bacteria, namely Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extracts of A. comosus and V. vinifera were prepared, and their antibacterial effects were evaluated by agar well diffusion method against S. mutans and L. acidophilus. Results: The overall mean difference of zone of inhibition of A. comosus and V. vinifera juice extracts was assessed using One way ANOVA. V. vinifera (P-value of <0.01) showed increased antibacterial efficacy against S. mutans and L. acidophilus when compared to A. comosus. Further, V. vinifera juice extract showed a significant zone of inhibition against S. mutans when compared to L. acidophilus. (P = 0.001*) Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of V. vinifera juice extract had better antibacterial efficacy against both microorganisms when compared to A. comosus.
导言和目的:人类健康问题正在趋同，有必要共同努力寻找预防和治疗办法。水果和蔬菜是必需营养素的主要来源，含有各种适合治疗儿童口腔疾病的生物活性化合物。在印度次大陆，消费最多的果汁是菠萝果汁(Ananas comosus)和葡萄果汁(Vitis vinifera)，因为它们容易获得，成本效益高，并且对口腔微生物有更大的有益作用。本研究旨在研究菊树和葡萄树果汁提取物对变形链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌两种主要致龋菌的抑菌效果。材料与方法:制备鸢尾草和葡萄球菌乙醇提取物，采用琼脂孔扩散法研究其对变形链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的抑菌效果。结果:采用单因素方差分析(One - way ANOVA)评价了合藤与葡萄籽汁提取物抑菌区的总体平均差异。葡萄球菌(p值为<0.01)对变形链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的抑菌效果明显高于草单抗。此外，与嗜酸乳杆菌相比，葡萄花椰菜汁提取物对变形链球菌有显著的抑制作用。(P = 0.001*)结论:葡萄花椰菜汁提取物乙醇提取物对两种微生物的抑菌效果均优于鸢尾草。
{"title":"In vitro antibacterial efficacy of Ananas comosus and Vitis vinifera on cariogenic microorganism","authors":"Koteeswaran Pavithra, Jamaluddin Mohammed Farzan, Parisa Norouzi Baghkomeh, Valsalam Saritha","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3143","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Human health concerns are converging, necessitating a concerted effort to find preventive and therapeutic approaches. Fruits and vegetables are the primary sources of essential nutrients and have various bioactive compounds suitable for treating oral diseases in children. In the Indian sub-continent, the most consumed fruit juices are Pineapple - Ananas comosus and Grape - Vitis vinifera because they are easily accessible, cost-effective, and have increased beneficial effects on oral microorganisms. This present study aimed to assess the antibacterial efficacy of fruit juice extracts of A. comosus and V. vinifera on two major cariogenic bacteria, namely Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extracts of A. comosus and V. vinifera were prepared, and their antibacterial effects were evaluated by agar well diffusion method against S. mutans and L. acidophilus. Results: The overall mean difference of zone of inhibition of A. comosus and V. vinifera juice extracts was assessed using One way ANOVA. V. vinifera (P-value of <0.01) showed increased antibacterial efficacy against S. mutans and L. acidophilus when compared to A. comosus. Further, V. vinifera juice extract showed a significant zone of inhibition against S. mutans when compared to L. acidophilus. (P = 0.001*) Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of V. vinifera juice extract had better antibacterial efficacy against both microorganisms when compared to A. comosus.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"25 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nafiya Abdul Aziz, Anupama Rao, Vijaya Kumar, Neevan D’souza
Introduction and Aim: Promotion of optimal usage of non-toxic materials, alternative energy sources, reusable products, minimising paper waste and negligible carbon footprints has brought eco-friendly dentistry in limelight. The aim of the study was to evaluate the awareness and practice regarding eco-friendly dentistry among private dental practitioners of Mangalore Taluk, South India. Materials and Methods: A total of 104 Dental practitioners with a qualification of BDS/MDS, practicing dentistry were randomly participated in a study after obtaining institutional ethical clearance. A total of 30 item closed-ended self-designed validated questionnaires were provided among participants. Assessment of knowledge and practice of the participants were carried out under four sections 1) Radiographic waste management, 2) Biomedical waste management, 3) Amalgam management, and 4) Eco-friendly dental practice. Knowledge, attitude and practice of eco-friendly dentistry among all the dental practitioners were assessed using descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact/chi -square test. Results: Present study did not find any statistically significant difference in attitude, knowledge and practice among BDS and MDS dental practitioners, among male and female practitioners and among practitioners with and without 10 years of experience. 57% participants agreed to the fact that lack of awareness is a major barrier to implement eco- friendly dentistry at practice. Conclusion: Conducting CDE programs, workshops, and seminars can bring change and foster a favourable attitude among dentists about transitioning from conventional to green dentistry. Governmental policies can be framed towards eco-friendly dental practice in order to implement green dental practice compulsorily by all the dental practitioners.
{"title":"Eco-friendly dentistry: Awareness and its implementation among private dental practitioners of Mangalore taluk of Karnataka, South India – A cross sectional study","authors":"Nafiya Abdul Aziz, Anupama Rao, Vijaya Kumar, Neevan D’souza","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3471","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Promotion of optimal usage of non-toxic materials, alternative energy sources, reusable products, minimising paper waste and negligible carbon footprints has brought eco-friendly dentistry in limelight. The aim of the study was to evaluate the awareness and practice regarding eco-friendly dentistry among private dental practitioners of Mangalore Taluk, South India. Materials and Methods: A total of 104 Dental practitioners with a qualification of BDS/MDS, practicing dentistry were randomly participated in a study after obtaining institutional ethical clearance. A total of 30 item closed-ended self-designed validated questionnaires were provided among participants. Assessment of knowledge and practice of the participants were carried out under four sections 1) Radiographic waste management, 2) Biomedical waste management, 3) Amalgam management, and 4) Eco-friendly dental practice. Knowledge, attitude and practice of eco-friendly dentistry among all the dental practitioners were assessed using descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact/chi -square test. Results: Present study did not find any statistically significant difference in attitude, knowledge and practice among BDS and MDS dental practitioners, among male and female practitioners and among practitioners with and without 10 years of experience. 57% participants agreed to the fact that lack of awareness is a major barrier to implement eco- friendly dentistry at practice. Conclusion: Conducting CDE programs, workshops, and seminars can bring change and foster a favourable attitude among dentists about transitioning from conventional to green dentistry. Governmental policies can be framed towards eco-friendly dental practice in order to implement green dental practice compulsorily by all the dental practitioners.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"15 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Intramuscular steroid injection is a technique often used by unqualified village practitioners to control symptoms of a variety of disease processes. Such injudicious use of high dosages of steroids results in local side effects. Such side effects include occurrence of tissue atrophy at the site of injection. The treatment of such tissue atrophy includes filling up the gap with injection of autologous fat and other materials. However, these are expensive and require specialised set up. Normal saline infiltration into the atrophic area at varying intervals has been successfully tried by several authors in the past. The aim of the study was to find the efficiency and side effects of normal saline infiltration into acquired lipoatrophy areas as a method of treatment. Material and Methods: After informed consent, normal saline was infiltrated into the defect till sufficient tumescence was obtained. Results: Nine children were treated. Most of them had received steroid injections for exacerbation of childhood asthma. The defect had appeared shortly (2 to 4 months) after the last injection was received. The site of the defect was rounded and located on the deltoid region in the majority. Our success rate was 66%. The determination of the success rate of this technique and the factors contributing to the success of the technique requires more studies in this field. Conclusion: Normal saline infiltration is a safe and effective way for treating steroid injection induced skin and tissue atrophy.
{"title":"Normal saline infiltration as a treatment of steroid injection induced tissue atrophy: A clinical study","authors":"Rabindranath Biswas, Dibyajyoti Sarkar, Loknath Ghoshal","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.2719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.2719","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Intramuscular steroid injection is a technique often used by unqualified village practitioners to control symptoms of a variety of disease processes. Such injudicious use of high dosages of steroids results in local side effects. Such side effects include occurrence of tissue atrophy at the site of injection. The treatment of such tissue atrophy includes filling up the gap with injection of autologous fat and other materials. However, these are expensive and require specialised set up. Normal saline infiltration into the atrophic area at varying intervals has been successfully tried by several authors in the past. The aim of the study was to find the efficiency and side effects of normal saline infiltration into acquired lipoatrophy areas as a method of treatment. Material and Methods: After informed consent, normal saline was infiltrated into the defect till sufficient tumescence was obtained. Results: Nine children were treated. Most of them had received steroid injections for exacerbation of childhood asthma. The defect had appeared shortly (2 to 4 months) after the last injection was received. The site of the defect was rounded and located on the deltoid region in the majority. Our success rate was 66%. The determination of the success rate of this technique and the factors contributing to the success of the technique requires more studies in this field. Conclusion: Normal saline infiltration is a safe and effective way for treating steroid injection induced skin and tissue atrophy.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"16 s2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nireeksha Shetty, Mithra N. Hegde, Manisha Rai, Sudhir Rama Varma
Introduction and Aim: Hormonal variations in postmenopausal women may cause growth and development of the oral epithelium, especially in response to estrogen levels. One of the manifestations of this issue is xerostomia or dryness of the mouth. Saliva provides a first line of defence against diseases like caries by maintaining the pH levels. However, estrogen levels have been shown to directly affect the salivary flow rate. Materials and Methods: The current study focuses on the estimation of salivary calcium levels in postmenopausal women and its association with the prevalence of dental caries. Informed consent was obtained from study subjects and they were categorized into case and control based on DMFT index (Decay, filled, missing) WHO criteria 2013.Post menopausal women with caries were categorized has case(n=40) and women who have not attained menopause free of caries were categorized has control (n=40). Unstimulated salivary samples were collected by Navazesh protocol and the salivary calcium levels were estimated by ARSENAZO method. Results: The average calcium levels in saliva were found to be 1.84± 0.30 and 1.67± 0.32 for case group and control group respectively. The mean decayed, missing due to caries, and filled teeth (DMFT) score was observed to be 10.45± 3.81 and 1.80± 0.341 for case group and control group respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings, postmenopausal women need to be administered enough calcium supplements in order to maintain good dental hygiene and thus improve lifestyle.
{"title":"Salivary calcium in postmenopausal women and prevalence of dental caries: A cross sectional study","authors":"Nireeksha Shetty, Mithra N. Hegde, Manisha Rai, Sudhir Rama Varma","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3305","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Hormonal variations in postmenopausal women may cause growth and development of the oral epithelium, especially in response to estrogen levels. One of the manifestations of this issue is xerostomia or dryness of the mouth. Saliva provides a first line of defence against diseases like caries by maintaining the pH levels. However, estrogen levels have been shown to directly affect the salivary flow rate. Materials and Methods: The current study focuses on the estimation of salivary calcium levels in postmenopausal women and its association with the prevalence of dental caries. Informed consent was obtained from study subjects and they were categorized into case and control based on DMFT index (Decay, filled, missing) WHO criteria 2013.Post menopausal women with caries were categorized has case(n=40) and women who have not attained menopause free of caries were categorized has control (n=40). Unstimulated salivary samples were collected by Navazesh protocol and the salivary calcium levels were estimated by ARSENAZO method. Results: The average calcium levels in saliva were found to be 1.84± 0.30 and 1.67± 0.32 for case group and control group respectively. The mean decayed, missing due to caries, and filled teeth (DMFT) score was observed to be 10.45± 3.81 and 1.80± 0.341 for case group and control group respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings, postmenopausal women need to be administered enough calcium supplements in order to maintain good dental hygiene and thus improve lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"16 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bhimrao V. Jaiwal, Faiyaz K. Shaikh, Sarwan W. Bradosty, Ajit B. Patil, Raghavendra L.S. Hallur, Manjula Shantaram
Introduction and Aim: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in many human diseases. Medicinal plants and their different constituents are utilized as therapeutic agents. In the present work we report the total phenolics content and screening of ninety five plant extracts for inhibitory activities against Clostridium histolyticum collagenase (ChC) and Bacillus polymyxa metalloprotease (BpM). Materials and Methods: Total phenolics content from plant methanolic extracts were assessed using Folin-Ciocalteau assay. Screening of plant extracts for ChC and BpM inhibitory activities was performed using dot blot assay on X-ray film. Results: G. superba fruit was observed to have the highest phenolics (257.58 ± 0.75 mg GAE /g tissue) content while C. nurvala stem was observed to have the lowest phenolics (0.468 ± 0.003 mg GAE /g tissue) content. Thirty two plants showed ChC inhibitory activities while twenty seven plants showed BpM inhibitory activities. From those plants twenty five plants have common ChC and BpM inhibitory activities. Most of plant barks were found to have a high amount of total phenolics as compared to other plant tissues while the most of plant leaves were found to have low amounts of total phenolics. Most of barks were found to exhibit inhibitory activities as compared to other tissue. Only 6 different leaves were found to exhibit inhibitory activity out of 42 different leaves. None of the root extracts exhibited inhibitory activities. Conclusion: The inhibitory activity exhibiting plant extracts could be used as a significant source for the determination of novel drug candidates to treat MMPs related diseases.
{"title":"In vitro screening of ninety-five plant extracts for inhibition of Clostridium histolyticum collagenase and Bacillus polymyxa metalloprotease- analogous human MMPs","authors":"Bhimrao V. Jaiwal, Faiyaz K. Shaikh, Sarwan W. Bradosty, Ajit B. Patil, Raghavendra L.S. Hallur, Manjula Shantaram","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3640","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in many human diseases. Medicinal plants and their different constituents are utilized as therapeutic agents. In the present work we report the total phenolics content and screening of ninety five plant extracts for inhibitory activities against Clostridium histolyticum collagenase (ChC) and Bacillus polymyxa metalloprotease (BpM). Materials and Methods: Total phenolics content from plant methanolic extracts were assessed using Folin-Ciocalteau assay. Screening of plant extracts for ChC and BpM inhibitory activities was performed using dot blot assay on X-ray film. Results: G. superba fruit was observed to have the highest phenolics (257.58 ± 0.75 mg GAE /g tissue) content while C. nurvala stem was observed to have the lowest phenolics (0.468 ± 0.003 mg GAE /g tissue) content. Thirty two plants showed ChC inhibitory activities while twenty seven plants showed BpM inhibitory activities. From those plants twenty five plants have common ChC and BpM inhibitory activities. Most of plant barks were found to have a high amount of total phenolics as compared to other plant tissues while the most of plant leaves were found to have low amounts of total phenolics. Most of barks were found to exhibit inhibitory activities as compared to other tissue. Only 6 different leaves were found to exhibit inhibitory activity out of 42 different leaves. None of the root extracts exhibited inhibitory activities. Conclusion: The inhibitory activity exhibiting plant extracts could be used as a significant source for the determination of novel drug candidates to treat MMPs related diseases.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"25 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shabnaaz Waheed, Anil M., Maria Neliyanil, Saniya K., Sushantha Perduru, Abeera Azeez
Introduction: Evidence suggests that patients with diabetes who developed the COVID-19 infection are known to have glycaemic instability, impaired immunity and associated comorbidities such as heart diseases and obesity leading to increased risk of mortality. Hence the current study was planned to assess the factors affecting mortality in diabetic COVID-19 patients admitted in tertiary care hospitals in South India. Methods: This was a retrospective study involving diabetic COVID-19 patients hospitalized in South India, data was collected from hospital records using pre-tested semi-structured validated questionnaire from January 2021 to February 2022. Results: Out of 397 study patients, 66% (263) them were males. Mean age of the patients was 61± 11.6, male 60.6±11.8, and female was 61.5±11.3. Most common presenting symptoms were fever 62% (235), cough 47% (172), breathlessness 42% (149), followed by weakness 29% (114). 46% (184) patients had uncontrolled diabetes. Co-morbidity like hypertension etc., were seen in 63% (250) of the patients. Saturation below 93% was seen in 20% (75) patients. 26% (69) were on ventilators, 48(42%) were admitted in intensive care unit. Laboratory profile showed high C-reactive protein in (86%) 264, elevated D-dimer in 86% (240), low lymphocyte in 46% (182), elevated ferritin in 63% (177), high neutrophil in 30% (118) and low Hb in 24% (85). Radiological finding shows interstitial opacity in 58 % (148) and CT-ground glass opacity in 21% (86). Complications like acute kidney injury were seen in 29% (115) and acute respiratory distress in 10% (39). The case fatality rate was 14% (56). Elevated neutrophil, elevated aspartate aminotransferase, low oxygen saturation was found to be significantly associated with mortality in COVID-19 diabetic patients. Conclusion: In diabetic COVID 19 patients elevated aspartate alanine transaminase, neutrocytosis and oxygen saturation below 93% are independent risk factors for mortality.
{"title":"Predictors of in-hospital mortality in COVID 19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in South India: A cross sectional study","authors":"Shabnaaz Waheed, Anil M., Maria Neliyanil, Saniya K., Sushantha Perduru, Abeera Azeez","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3239","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Evidence suggests that patients with diabetes who developed the COVID-19 infection are known to have glycaemic instability, impaired immunity and associated comorbidities such as heart diseases and obesity leading to increased risk of mortality. Hence the current study was planned to assess the factors affecting mortality in diabetic COVID-19 patients admitted in tertiary care hospitals in South India. Methods: This was a retrospective study involving diabetic COVID-19 patients hospitalized in South India, data was collected from hospital records using pre-tested semi-structured validated questionnaire from January 2021 to February 2022. Results: Out of 397 study patients, 66% (263) them were males. Mean age of the patients was 61± 11.6, male 60.6±11.8, and female was 61.5±11.3. Most common presenting symptoms were fever 62% (235), cough 47% (172), breathlessness 42% (149), followed by weakness 29% (114). 46% (184) patients had uncontrolled diabetes. Co-morbidity like hypertension etc., were seen in 63% (250) of the patients. Saturation below 93% was seen in 20% (75) patients. 26% (69) were on ventilators, 48(42%) were admitted in intensive care unit. Laboratory profile showed high C-reactive protein in (86%) 264, elevated D-dimer in 86% (240), low lymphocyte in 46% (182), elevated ferritin in 63% (177), high neutrophil in 30% (118) and low Hb in 24% (85). Radiological finding shows interstitial opacity in 58 % (148) and CT-ground glass opacity in 21% (86). Complications like acute kidney injury were seen in 29% (115) and acute respiratory distress in 10% (39). The case fatality rate was 14% (56). Elevated neutrophil, elevated aspartate aminotransferase, low oxygen saturation was found to be significantly associated with mortality in COVID-19 diabetic patients. Conclusion: In diabetic COVID 19 patients elevated aspartate alanine transaminase, neutrocytosis and oxygen saturation below 93% are independent risk factors for mortality.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"15 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anita Lidesna Shinta Amat, Herman Pieter Louis Wungouw, Efrisca Meliyuita Br Damanik, Prisca Pakan, Desi Indriarini
Introduction and Aim: A diet high in cholesterol causes hypercholesterolemia by elevating plasma cholesterol levels. Hypercholesterolemia causes an increase in cholesterol concentration within cells, resulting in membrane-altering lipid peroxidation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is produced during lipid peroxidation to form peroxides and other free radicals. The present study aims to evaluate the potential of Muntingia calabura L. ethanolic extracts as a hypercholesterolemia agent by reducing MDA levels in hypercholesterolemic white mice (Mus musculus). Materials and Methods: The present study has a true experimental design with a control group consisting only of post-test samples. The research utilized approximately 25 white mice (Mus musculus) randomly. These white mice were separated into five groups, consists of negative control (C1), positive control (C2), M. calabura L. ethanolic extracts at doses of 13 mg/20g/BW (C3), 26 mg/20g/BW (C4), and 52mg/20g/BW (C5). The concentration of MDA was measured on the 21st day of treatment using the TBARS method. Results: The results indicated that the M. calabura L. extracts significantly (p<0.05) reduce the total cholesterol and MDA levels in the blood of white mice (Mus musculus). The evidence supporting this conclusion is based on the data obtained from mice that received various doses of M. calabura L leaf extract, specifically 13mg/20g/BW, 26mg/20g/BW, and 52mg/20g/BW. These doses already demonstrated a substantial reduction in MDA levels following the treatment. Conclusion: In this research, it was found that the ethanolic extract of M. calabura L leaves effectively acted as an anti-hypercholesterolemic agent in mice with hypercholesterolemia. The assessment of its anti-hypercholesterolemic properties was based on the observation of reduced MDA levels. It is suggested that the leaf extract of M. calabura L contains a compound known as phytol, which is believed to have the capacity to inhibit hypercholesterolemia in white mice (Mus musculus).
{"title":"Ethanolic extract of Muntingia calabura L. as an antihypercholesterolemic by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in white mice (Mus musculus)","authors":"Anita Lidesna Shinta Amat, Herman Pieter Louis Wungouw, Efrisca Meliyuita Br Damanik, Prisca Pakan, Desi Indriarini","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.2881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.2881","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: A diet high in cholesterol causes hypercholesterolemia by elevating plasma cholesterol levels. Hypercholesterolemia causes an increase in cholesterol concentration within cells, resulting in membrane-altering lipid peroxidation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is produced during lipid peroxidation to form peroxides and other free radicals. The present study aims to evaluate the potential of Muntingia calabura L. ethanolic extracts as a hypercholesterolemia agent by reducing MDA levels in hypercholesterolemic white mice (Mus musculus). Materials and Methods: The present study has a true experimental design with a control group consisting only of post-test samples. The research utilized approximately 25 white mice (Mus musculus) randomly. These white mice were separated into five groups, consists of negative control (C1), positive control (C2), M. calabura L. ethanolic extracts at doses of 13 mg/20g/BW (C3), 26 mg/20g/BW (C4), and 52mg/20g/BW (C5). The concentration of MDA was measured on the 21st day of treatment using the TBARS method. Results: The results indicated that the M. calabura L. extracts significantly (p<0.05) reduce the total cholesterol and MDA levels in the blood of white mice (Mus musculus). The evidence supporting this conclusion is based on the data obtained from mice that received various doses of M. calabura L leaf extract, specifically 13mg/20g/BW, 26mg/20g/BW, and 52mg/20g/BW. These doses already demonstrated a substantial reduction in MDA levels following the treatment. Conclusion: In this research, it was found that the ethanolic extract of M. calabura L leaves effectively acted as an anti-hypercholesterolemic agent in mice with hypercholesterolemia. The assessment of its anti-hypercholesterolemic properties was based on the observation of reduced MDA levels. It is suggested that the leaf extract of M. calabura L contains a compound known as phytol, which is believed to have the capacity to inhibit hypercholesterolemia in white mice (Mus musculus).","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"16 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashish Agarwal, Anupama Hegde, Afzal Ahmad, Charu Yadav, Poornima A. Manjrekar, Rukmini M.S.
Introduction and Aim: Diabetes mellitus is associated with various endocrine derangements and prediabetes is an intermediate condition between health and full-fledged disease state. Hormones of Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT), Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA), Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axes and pineal gland were studied in males (n=105) with prediabetes.
Materials and Methods: Based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), the subjects were categorized as healthy controls, prediabetes, diabetes and various hormones were compared between these three groups.
Results: Insulin levels showed a systematic increase from pre-diabetes to diabetes subjects. HPT axis had a semblance to “Primary hypothyroidism” with an increase in Thyrotropin-releasing-hormone (TRH), Thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH) and decrease in fT4 and fT3 with rise in glucose levels. HPA axis detected high Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol in the overtly diabetic group while prediabetes values were comparable to control. The HPG axis demonstrated significantly high Gonadotropin-hormone-releasing-hormone (GnRH) in the diabetic group but not in the prediabetic. A graded increase in LH and significant decrease in testosterone and melatonin was observed with a rise in FPG.
Conclusion: Thus, it could be concluded as endocrine gland damage due to hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia causes multiple endocrine dysfunctions in prediabetes that aggravates, as the patient turns diabetic.
{"title":"Assessment of endocrine function in males with pre-diabetes","authors":"Ashish Agarwal, Anupama Hegde, Afzal Ahmad, Charu Yadav, Poornima A. Manjrekar, Rukmini M.S.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3643","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Diabetes mellitus is associated with various endocrine derangements and prediabetes is an intermediate condition between health and full-fledged disease state. Hormones of Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT), Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA), Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axes and pineal gland were studied in males (n=105) with prediabetes.
 
 Materials and Methods: Based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), the subjects were categorized as healthy controls, prediabetes, diabetes and various hormones were compared between these three groups.
 
 Results: Insulin levels showed a systematic increase from pre-diabetes to diabetes subjects. HPT axis had a semblance to “Primary hypothyroidism” with an increase in Thyrotropin-releasing-hormone (TRH), Thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH) and decrease in fT4 and fT3 with rise in glucose levels. HPA axis detected high Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol in the overtly diabetic group while prediabetes values were comparable to control. The HPG axis demonstrated significantly high Gonadotropin-hormone-releasing-hormone (GnRH) in the diabetic group but not in the prediabetic. A graded increase in LH and significant decrease in testosterone and melatonin was observed with a rise in FPG.
 
 Conclusion: Thus, it could be concluded as endocrine gland damage due to hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia causes multiple endocrine dysfunctions in prediabetes that aggravates, as the patient turns diabetic.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"16 s1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Probiotics and fermented foods have become the focal point of research across different scientific disciplines, with recent findings indicating that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) isolated from various origins, holds significant promise in combating numerous diseases, including cancer. Hence, our current study seeks to explore how the L. plantarum NG28 strain might counteract the growth of HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, potentially contributing to anti-cancer strategies.
Methods: The effect of the ethyl acetate extract of L. plantarum NG28 strain on HT-29 cells was evaluated in several ways. First, the cytotoxicity of HT-29 cells was determined by MTT assay. Additionally, the changes in cell morphology of HT-29 cells through DAPI staining and the induction of apoptosis using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining followed by flow cytometry were investigated. By using the RT-PCR and western blot techniques the expression of pro-apoptotic genes and proteins such as Bax, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3, as well as the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 was examined.
Results: The findings revealed that the ethyl acetate extract of L. plantarum NG28 strain had a significant impact on the viability of HT-29 colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, in contrast to its minimal effect on HUVEC cells. DAPI staining revealed the noticeable DNA damage and condensation of treated HT-29 cells and the flow cytometry strengthened the occurrence of apoptosis in the treated HT-29 cells. RT-PCR and western blot techniques investigated the intrinsic apoptosis of HT-29 cells through the increased expression levels of pro-apoptotic genes / proteins and decreased expression levels of anti-apoptotic gene.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated the anti-cancer activity of ethyl acetate extract of the L. plantarum NG28 strain against HT-29 colon cancer cells, primarily through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This suggests that L. plantarum NG28 strain could be used as a therapeutic tool in the inhibition and medication of colorectal cancer.
益生菌和发酵食品已成为不同科学学科研究的焦点，最近的研究结果表明，从不同来源分离的植物乳杆菌(L. plantarum)在对抗包括癌症在内的许多疾病方面具有重要的前景。因此，我们目前的研究旨在探索植物乳杆菌NG28菌株如何抑制HT-29结直肠癌细胞的生长，从而可能有助于抗癌策略。& # x0D;方法:采用多种方法评价植物乳杆菌NG28菌株乙酸乙酯提取物对HT-29细胞的影响。首先，采用MTT法测定HT-29细胞的细胞毒性。DAPI染色观察HT-29细胞形态变化，Annexin V-FITC/PI染色及流式细胞术观察细胞凋亡诱导情况。采用RT-PCR和western blot技术检测促凋亡基因和蛋白Bax、Caspase-9、Caspase-3以及抗凋亡基因Bcl-2的表达。
& # x0D;结果:植物L. plantarum NG28菌株乙酸乙酯提取物对HT-29结肠癌细胞的活性有显著影响，且呈剂量依赖性，而对HUVEC细胞的影响很小。DAPI染色显示HT-29细胞明显DNA损伤和凝集，流式细胞术增强了HT-29细胞凋亡的发生。RT-PCR和western blot技术通过提高促凋亡基因/蛋白的表达水平和降低抗凋亡基因的表达水平来研究HT-29细胞的内在凋亡。
& # x0D;结论:植物L. plantarum NG28菌株乙酸乙酯提取物对HT-29结肠癌细胞具有抗肿瘤活性，主要通过细胞凋亡途径。提示植物乳杆菌NG28菌株可作为抑制结直肠癌的治疗工具。
{"title":"Anti-cancer potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NG28 through the induction of intrinsic apoptosis","authors":"Sowmya Shankar, Shankar Jayarama, Shubha Gopal","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3644","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Probiotics and fermented foods have become the focal point of research across different scientific disciplines, with recent findings indicating that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) isolated from various origins, holds significant promise in combating numerous diseases, including cancer. Hence, our current study seeks to explore how the L. plantarum NG28 strain might counteract the growth of HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, potentially contributing to anti-cancer strategies.
 
 Methods: The effect of the ethyl acetate extract of L. plantarum NG28 strain on HT-29 cells was evaluated in several ways. First, the cytotoxicity of HT-29 cells was determined by MTT assay. Additionally, the changes in cell morphology of HT-29 cells through DAPI staining and the induction of apoptosis using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining followed by flow cytometry were investigated. By using the RT-PCR and western blot techniques the expression of pro-apoptotic genes and proteins such as Bax, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3, as well as the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 was examined.
 
 Results: The findings revealed that the ethyl acetate extract of L. plantarum NG28 strain had a significant impact on the viability of HT-29 colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, in contrast to its minimal effect on HUVEC cells. DAPI staining revealed the noticeable DNA damage and condensation of treated HT-29 cells and the flow cytometry strengthened the occurrence of apoptosis in the treated HT-29 cells. RT-PCR and western blot techniques investigated the intrinsic apoptosis of HT-29 cells through the increased expression levels of pro-apoptotic genes / proteins and decreased expression levels of anti-apoptotic gene.
 
 Conclusion: The study demonstrated the anti-cancer activity of ethyl acetate extract of the L. plantarum NG28 strain against HT-29 colon cancer cells, primarily through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This suggests that L. plantarum NG28 strain could be used as a therapeutic tool in the inhibition and medication of colorectal cancer.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"24 11‐12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flama Monteiro, Shilpa S. Shetty, Ranjitha Acharya, Vijith Vittal Shetty, Suchetha Kumari N.
Introduction and Aim: The alarming rise in breast cancer cases highlights the need for a safer, effective, and more responsive chemoprevention approach for cancer treatment. In contrast to conventional chemotherapeutic medicines, which primarily function as mono-target agents, phytochemicals have been proven to inhibit cancer growth by influencing numerous processes, such as apoptosis and signaling pathways. Citrus maxima (Burm). Merr., frequently identified as pomelo, exhibits a wide range of biological activities, and is utilized extensively in the conventional approach to medicine, and this study focused on anti-cancer properties of Citrus maxima peel extracts. Materials and Methods: The anti-proliferative properties of the Citrus maxima peel extracts and its flavonoid Naringin on the breast cancer cell line was evaluated using the MTT test. The ability of the breast cancer cells to migrate was assessed using a wound healing assay and their capacity to form colonies was assessed using a colony formation assay. Results: The Citrus maxima crude peel extracts and Naringin inhibited the cell proliferation of the breast cancer cell line. The cell viability of breast cancer cells decreased with time after treatment with their corresponding IC50. The colony-formation capacity and migration ability of the cells was also reduced. Conclusion: The examined Citrus maxima crude peel extracts and its flavonoid Naringin showed strong anticancer efficacy by suppressing cell proliferation and could be seen as prospective candidates for upcoming breast cancer therapeutic medications. Extensive research is also needed to fully comprehend the precise mechanism of action of extracts and its components.
{"title":"In vitro anticancer activity of Citrus maxima peel extract on human breast cancer cells","authors":"Flama Monteiro, Shilpa S. Shetty, Ranjitha Acharya, Vijith Vittal Shetty, Suchetha Kumari N.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3412","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: The alarming rise in breast cancer cases highlights the need for a safer, effective, and more responsive chemoprevention approach for cancer treatment. In contrast to conventional chemotherapeutic medicines, which primarily function as mono-target agents, phytochemicals have been proven to inhibit cancer growth by influencing numerous processes, such as apoptosis and signaling pathways. Citrus maxima (Burm). Merr., frequently identified as pomelo, exhibits a wide range of biological activities, and is utilized extensively in the conventional approach to medicine, and this study focused on anti-cancer properties of Citrus maxima peel extracts. Materials and Methods: The anti-proliferative properties of the Citrus maxima peel extracts and its flavonoid Naringin on the breast cancer cell line was evaluated using the MTT test. The ability of the breast cancer cells to migrate was assessed using a wound healing assay and their capacity to form colonies was assessed using a colony formation assay. Results: The Citrus maxima crude peel extracts and Naringin inhibited the cell proliferation of the breast cancer cell line. The cell viability of breast cancer cells decreased with time after treatment with their corresponding IC50. The colony-formation capacity and migration ability of the cells was also reduced. Conclusion: The examined Citrus maxima crude peel extracts and its flavonoid Naringin showed strong anticancer efficacy by suppressing cell proliferation and could be seen as prospective candidates for upcoming breast cancer therapeutic medications. Extensive research is also needed to fully comprehend the precise mechanism of action of extracts and its components.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"25 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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