Rajakumari K., Brindha Devi Parthiban, Shanmugapriya Rishikesan
Introduction and Aim: DNA gyrase is a class of Type II Topoisomerases that plays an important role in bacterial viability. It is found in all bacteria and is involved in replication, repair, recombination, and DNA transcription. Negative supercoiling of bacterial DNA by DNA gyr B is essential in replication which further influences all the metabolic activities. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) is one of the pathogens that can modify its genome easily under multidrug resistance. In this study, the activity of medicinal compounds to inhibit DNA gyrB is explored. Plant species Solanum nigrum, Vitex negundo, and Euphorbia hirta were studied for the potential plant-based molecules. The compounds alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and terpenoids were considered to have high-potential targets. The study focuses on DNA gyrase as a target and shows insights into future drug development. The research focuses on the discovery of novel plant-based therapeutic compounds to target DNA gyrase B activity. Methods and Materials: Phytochemical screening was performed to study the medication options that could inhibit DNA gyrB. Phytochemicals were determined using GC-MS. Results: Utilizing GC MS and FT-IR analysis, the phytochemical constituents of Solanum nigrum, Vitex negundo, and Euphorbia hirta were discovered. It will be simpler to do a follow-up study on discovering bioactive compounds and evaluating their effectiveness in inhibiting DNA gyrB with the help of this preliminary data from the analytical procedures. Conclusion: There are countless applications for the phytochemicals that medicinal plants produce. Staphylococcus aureus will be stopped by DNA gyrB inhibition. The study employs DNA gyrase as its target and provides information on potential therapeutic targets. The goal of the study is to identify innovative plant-based medicinal molecules that specifically target DNA gyrase B activity.
{"title":"Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of traditional plants for the inhibition of DNA gyrase","authors":"Rajakumari K., Brindha Devi Parthiban, Shanmugapriya Rishikesan","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.2859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2859","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: DNA gyrase is a class of Type II Topoisomerases that plays an important role in bacterial viability. It is found in all bacteria and is involved in replication, repair, recombination, and DNA transcription. Negative supercoiling of bacterial DNA by DNA gyr B is essential in replication which further influences all the metabolic activities. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) is one of the pathogens that can modify its genome easily under multidrug resistance. In this study, the activity of medicinal compounds to inhibit DNA gyrB is explored. Plant species Solanum nigrum, Vitex negundo, and Euphorbia hirta were studied for the potential plant-based molecules. The compounds alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and terpenoids were considered to have high-potential targets. The study focuses on DNA gyrase as a target and shows insights into future drug development. The research focuses on the discovery of novel plant-based therapeutic compounds to target DNA gyrase B activity. Methods and Materials: Phytochemical screening was performed to study the medication options that could inhibit DNA gyrB. Phytochemicals were determined using GC-MS. Results: Utilizing GC MS and FT-IR analysis, the phytochemical constituents of Solanum nigrum, Vitex negundo, and Euphorbia hirta were discovered. It will be simpler to do a follow-up study on discovering bioactive compounds and evaluating their effectiveness in inhibiting DNA gyrB with the help of this preliminary data from the analytical procedures. Conclusion: There are countless applications for the phytochemicals that medicinal plants produce. Staphylococcus aureus will be stopped by DNA gyrB inhibition. The study employs DNA gyrase as its target and provides information on potential therapeutic targets. The goal of the study is to identify innovative plant-based medicinal molecules that specifically target DNA gyrase B activity.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135208820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinopathy among women of reproductive age group, conventionally diagnosed using multiple clinical and biochemical tests. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in PCOS. Materials and Methods: The case control study involved 60 women of 18-40 years age, further grouped using Rotterdam criteria as cases with PCOS (n = 30) and controls without PCOS (n = 30). Study variables were compared between the groups using independent t-test. Correlation analyses were performed to predict the relationship of AMH with other PCOS determinants. Simple logistic regression and ROC analyses were used to determine the diagnostic utility of AMH. Results: PCOS cases had increased levels of serum LH, testosterone, AMH, BMI, total antral follicular count (AFC), ovarian volume (OV) (p < 0.05*) than controls. Of all, serum AMH had the strongest association with PCOS (OR > 1, p < 0.05*) and showed considerable positive correlations with LH:FSH ratio, testosterone, AFC (r = 0.7768, p < 0.05*), OV (r = 0.7981, p < 0.05*). ROC analysis of AMH was significant (AUC = 0.966, p < 0.05*) with high sensitivity, specificity for cut points between 5.595 ng/mL and 5.90 ng/mL. Conclusion: Elevated serum AMH levels were strongly associated with PCOS and correlated with its routine clinical determinants. Serum AMH estimation with cut-off between 5.595 ng/mL to 5.90 ng/mL, is proposed as a useful index for PCOS diagnosis.
简介与目的:多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是育龄妇女中一种常见的内分泌疾病，通常通过多种临床和生化检查进行诊断。我们的目的是评估血清抗勒氏杆菌激素(AMH)水平在多囊卵巢综合征中的诊断价值。材料和方法:病例对照研究包括60名年龄在18-40岁的女性，根据鹿特丹标准进一步分组为PCOS患者(n = 30)和非PCOS对照组(n = 30)。组间研究变量比较采用独立t检验。相关分析预测AMH与其他PCOS决定因素的关系。采用简单的逻辑回归和ROC分析来确定AMH的诊断效用。结果:PCOS患者血清LH、睾酮、AMH、BMI、总窦卵泡计数(AFC)、卵巢体积(OV) (p <0.05*)。其中，血清AMH与PCOS (OR >1、p <0.05*)，与LH:FSH比值、睾酮、AFC呈显著正相关(r = 0.7768, p <0.05*)， OV (r = 0.7981, p <0.05 *)。AMH的ROC分析具有显著性(AUC = 0.966, p <0.05*)，灵敏度高，特异度在5.595 ~ 5.90 ng/mL之间。结论:血清AMH水平升高与PCOS密切相关，并与PCOS的常规临床决定因素相关。血清AMH的临界值在5.595 ~ 5.90 ng/mL之间，可作为PCOS诊断的有效指标。
{"title":"Diagnostic utility of serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels in south Indian women with polycystic ovarian syndrome","authors":"Naveetha Lakshmi Narayanaswamy, Freethi Ramanathan, Moonishaa Thiyagarajan Manjuladevi","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.2312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2312","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinopathy among women of reproductive age group, conventionally diagnosed using multiple clinical and biochemical tests. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in PCOS. Materials and Methods: The case control study involved 60 women of 18-40 years age, further grouped using Rotterdam criteria as cases with PCOS (n = 30) and controls without PCOS (n = 30). Study variables were compared between the groups using independent t-test. Correlation analyses were performed to predict the relationship of AMH with other PCOS determinants. Simple logistic regression and ROC analyses were used to determine the diagnostic utility of AMH. Results: PCOS cases had increased levels of serum LH, testosterone, AMH, BMI, total antral follicular count (AFC), ovarian volume (OV) (p < 0.05*) than controls. Of all, serum AMH had the strongest association with PCOS (OR > 1, p < 0.05*) and showed considerable positive correlations with LH:FSH ratio, testosterone, AFC (r = 0.7768, p < 0.05*), OV (r = 0.7981, p < 0.05*). ROC analysis of AMH was significant (AUC = 0.966, p < 0.05*) with high sensitivity, specificity for cut points between 5.595 ng/mL and 5.90 ng/mL. Conclusion: Elevated serum AMH levels were strongly associated with PCOS and correlated with its routine clinical determinants. Serum AMH estimation with cut-off between 5.595 ng/mL to 5.90 ng/mL, is proposed as a useful index for PCOS diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135208816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rifampicin and its structural analogues are essential first-line anti-TB drugs that inhibit RNA synthesis by binding to the beta-subunit of Mtb RNA polymerase (RNAP). However, the emergence of rifampicin resistant Mtb strains poses a major challenge for TB control efforts. Mutations in the rpoB gene encoding the beta-subunit of RNAP are the most common cause of rifampicin resistance in Mtb. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these mutations and their effects on RNAP function is crucial for developing new drugs and combination therapies to overcome rifampicin resistance in Mtb. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying rifampicin resistance in Mtb RNAP, including the genetic basis and identification of mutations. It can be hypothesized that rifampicin resistance in Mtb RNAP is a multifactorial phenomenon involving structural, biochemical, and genetic factors. The review highlights strategies for developing new drugs and combination therapies to overcome rifampicin resistance in Mtb and future directions for research on the molecular mechanisms underlying rifampicin resistance in Mtb RNAP.
{"title":"Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerase that confer resistance to rifampicin and its structural analogues","authors":"Varalakshmi Vummidi","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3453","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rifampicin and its structural analogues are essential first-line anti-TB drugs that inhibit RNA synthesis by binding to the beta-subunit of Mtb RNA polymerase (RNAP). However, the emergence of rifampicin resistant Mtb strains poses a major challenge for TB control efforts. Mutations in the rpoB gene encoding the beta-subunit of RNAP are the most common cause of rifampicin resistance in Mtb. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these mutations and their effects on RNAP function is crucial for developing new drugs and combination therapies to overcome rifampicin resistance in Mtb. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying rifampicin resistance in Mtb RNAP, including the genetic basis and identification of mutations. It can be hypothesized that rifampicin resistance in Mtb RNAP is a multifactorial phenomenon involving structural, biochemical, and genetic factors. The review highlights strategies for developing new drugs and combination therapies to overcome rifampicin resistance in Mtb and future directions for research on the molecular mechanisms underlying rifampicin resistance in Mtb RNAP.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135208819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hema Nidugala, Ashwini Prabhu, Ramakrishna Avadhani, Ravishankar B.
Introduction and Aim: Cyperus rotundus (L.), commonly known as nutgrass, has been in use in Indian medicine traditional system against several ailments. This investigation was performed to assess the in vitro antineoplastic activity of extracts prepared from water and ethanol with C. rotundus rhizomes. Materials and Methods: Toxic effects induced by the C. rotundus extracts on MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells was evaluated using Sulphorhodamine- B (SRB) Assay, Trypan blue assay, Hoechst nuclear staining assay, Acridine Orange-Ethidium bromide (AO-EB) differential fluorescence staining assay and DNA fragmentation assays. Results: The results of SRB assay indicated the IC50 value of aqueous extract as 510.887 µg/mL and that of ethanol extract as 122.98 µg/mL. Trypan blue assay also indicated the similar results, wherein ethanol extract exerted higher cytotoxicity compared to the aqueous extract. MCF-7 cells treated with aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. rotundus rhizomes were exposed to Hoechst staining and AO-EB nuclear staining assays, wherein and ethanol extract induced clear apoptotic bodies in the tested cells. Further, the cells were treated with the ethanol extract and DNA fragmentation was confirmed by DNA ladder assay. MCF-7 cells administered with ethanol extract were subjected to DNA fragmentation assay for assessing the apoptosis induction nature of the extract. Conclusion: Results from our study indicate a promising approach into the possibility of developing C. rotundus ethanol extract into an effective anticancer moiety after appropriate pre-clinical and clinical validations.
简介和目的:圆草(L.)，俗称nutgrass，已在印度医学传统系统中用于治疗几种疾病。本实验研究了水和乙醇制备的圆茎提取物的体外抗肿瘤活性。材料与方法:采用硫代胺- B (SRB)法、台盼蓝法、Hoechst核染色法、吖啶橙-溴化乙啶(AO-EB)差异荧光染色法和DNA片段化法，评价圆草提取物对MCF-7乳腺腺癌细胞的毒性作用。结果:SRB法测定，水提物IC50值为510.887µg/mL，乙醇提物IC50值为122.98µg/mL。台盼蓝试验也显示了类似的结果，其中乙醇提取物比水提取物具有更高的细胞毒性。经水提物和乙醇提物处理的MCF-7细胞进行Hoechst染色和AO-EB核染色，乙醇提物在细胞中诱导出明显的凋亡小体。进一步，用乙醇提取物处理细胞，用DNA阶梯法证实DNA断裂。用乙醇提取物对MCF-7细胞进行DNA片段分析，以评估提取物诱导细胞凋亡的性质。结论:本研究结果表明，经临床前和临床验证，圆藤乙醇提取物有可能成为有效的抗癌成分。
{"title":"In vitro anticancer efficacy of Cyperus rotundus (L.) on breast adenocarcinoma cells via the induction of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis","authors":"Hema Nidugala, Ashwini Prabhu, Ramakrishna Avadhani, Ravishankar B.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.2309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2309","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Cyperus rotundus (L.), commonly known as nutgrass, has been in use in Indian medicine traditional system against several ailments. This investigation was performed to assess the in vitro antineoplastic activity of extracts prepared from water and ethanol with C. rotundus rhizomes. Materials and Methods: Toxic effects induced by the C. rotundus extracts on MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells was evaluated using Sulphorhodamine- B (SRB) Assay, Trypan blue assay, Hoechst nuclear staining assay, Acridine Orange-Ethidium bromide (AO-EB) differential fluorescence staining assay and DNA fragmentation assays. Results: The results of SRB assay indicated the IC50 value of aqueous extract as 510.887 µg/mL and that of ethanol extract as 122.98 µg/mL. Trypan blue assay also indicated the similar results, wherein ethanol extract exerted higher cytotoxicity compared to the aqueous extract. MCF-7 cells treated with aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. rotundus rhizomes were exposed to Hoechst staining and AO-EB nuclear staining assays, wherein and ethanol extract induced clear apoptotic bodies in the tested cells. Further, the cells were treated with the ethanol extract and DNA fragmentation was confirmed by DNA ladder assay. MCF-7 cells administered with ethanol extract were subjected to DNA fragmentation assay for assessing the apoptosis induction nature of the extract. Conclusion: Results from our study indicate a promising approach into the possibility of developing C. rotundus ethanol extract into an effective anticancer moiety after appropriate pre-clinical and clinical validations.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135208817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which develops from the exocrine pancreas, is the most prevalent and aggressive type of pancreatic tumour having increased global prevalence, and has more than doubled over the 30 years. The aim of this study is to explore therapeutic potential of Camellia sinensis for pancreatic cancer using mRNA datasets and molecular docking technology. Materials and Methods: The purpose of the current study is to use computational methods to assess the effectiveness of several Camellia sinensis phytochemicals against Pancreatic cancer. The IMMPAT databank is utilized to retrieve the possible ligands. Molecular docking was methodically carried out using the virtual screening tool PyRx and the BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer to forecast the binding affinity among the phytochemicals and the targeted proteins. Using ADMET filters, the ligands' pharmacological assessment was completed. Results: The fifty-two phytochemicals identified from Camellia sinensis were initially screened based on their affinity towards the targeted proteins. The ligand binding affinity score suggested that the phytochemical Vitamin E had the greater affinity towards the two targeted proteins and can be a promising therapeutic potential for the study of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion: The outcomes of this investigation suggested that the phytocompound Vitamin E, upon molecular docking exhibited the highest binding affinity which can be used as a drug candidate for pancreatic cancer.
简介和目的:胰腺腺癌起源于外分泌胰腺，是最普遍和最具侵袭性的胰腺肿瘤类型，全球患病率增加，在30年内增加了一倍多。本研究旨在利用mRNA数据集和分子对接技术探索山茶对胰腺癌的治疗潜力。材料与方法:本研究的目的是利用计算方法评估几种茶树植物化学物质对胰腺癌的有效性。利用IMMPAT数据库检索可能的配体。利用虚拟筛选工具PyRx和BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer系统地进行分子对接，预测植物化学物质与目标蛋白之间的结合亲和力。使用ADMET过滤器，完成配体的药理学评估。结果:从茶树中初步筛选出52种植物化学物质，并根据它们对目标蛋白的亲和力进行筛选。配体结合亲和力评分表明植物化学物质维生素E对这两种靶向蛋白具有更大的亲和力，在胰腺癌的研究中具有很好的治疗潜力。结论:本研究结果表明，植物化合物维生素E在分子对接时具有最高的结合亲和力，可作为胰腺癌的候选药物。
{"title":"Exploring the therapeutic potential of green tea phytocompounds for pancreatic cancer: An mRNA differential gene expression and pathway analysis study","authors":"Bhavana Sunkadakatte Venugopal, Susha Dinesh, Sameer Sharma, Srivarshini Govinda Srinivasan, Dinesh Sosalagere Manjegowda","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.2869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2869","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which develops from the exocrine pancreas, is the most prevalent and aggressive type of pancreatic tumour having increased global prevalence, and has more than doubled over the 30 years. The aim of this study is to explore therapeutic potential of Camellia sinensis for pancreatic cancer using mRNA datasets and molecular docking technology. Materials and Methods: The purpose of the current study is to use computational methods to assess the effectiveness of several Camellia sinensis phytochemicals against Pancreatic cancer. The IMMPAT databank is utilized to retrieve the possible ligands. Molecular docking was methodically carried out using the virtual screening tool PyRx and the BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer to forecast the binding affinity among the phytochemicals and the targeted proteins. Using ADMET filters, the ligands' pharmacological assessment was completed. Results: The fifty-two phytochemicals identified from Camellia sinensis were initially screened based on their affinity towards the targeted proteins. The ligand binding affinity score suggested that the phytochemical Vitamin E had the greater affinity towards the two targeted proteins and can be a promising therapeutic potential for the study of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion: The outcomes of this investigation suggested that the phytocompound Vitamin E, upon molecular docking exhibited the highest binding affinity which can be used as a drug candidate for pancreatic cancer.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is regarded as a significant worldwide health issue and a significant contributor to mortality and disability. The objective of this study was to examine the parameters and nature of the regenerative and destructive processes that occur in the rat cerebral cortex depending on the degree and time of the TBI. Materials and Methods: The experiments were carried out on 24 sexless adult mice weighing 180–220 g. The primary group of mice had severe TBI. To assess the severity of the TBI model, histological data, animal survival rates, and motor and cognitive dysfunctions were examined. Both light and electron microscopy were used to study the animal brains in each group. Results: The areas of injury were filled with blood, and microscopic examination revealed that the foci of contusion had destroyed brain tissue in the form of tissue and blood vessel fragments. Most dystrophic neuronal changes in mice with severe TBI between 1 and 21 days after the injury were acute neuronal swelling, hydropic dystrophy of nerve cells with clear cytoplasmic vacuolization, localized and complete chromatolysis, hyperchromatism, and homogeneous cytoplasm. Conclusion: Brain tissue lesions develop in the early stages of a TBI through rapid necrotic cell death.
{"title":"Characteristics of structural and functional alterations following traumatic brain injury in neurons and glial cells of the sensorimotor cortex","authors":"Elmira Mamytova, Nurbek Monolov, Bakytbek Turganbaev, Anara Toktomametova, Kunduz Karbozova, Aliya Kadyrova, Tamara Abaeva, Mira Zhanganaeva, Nursulu Chekirbaeva, Zhanara Altynbekova","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3121","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is regarded as a significant worldwide health issue and a significant contributor to mortality and disability. The objective of this study was to examine the parameters and nature of the regenerative and destructive processes that occur in the rat cerebral cortex depending on the degree and time of the TBI. Materials and Methods: The experiments were carried out on 24 sexless adult mice weighing 180–220 g. The primary group of mice had severe TBI. To assess the severity of the TBI model, histological data, animal survival rates, and motor and cognitive dysfunctions were examined. Both light and electron microscopy were used to study the animal brains in each group. Results: The areas of injury were filled with blood, and microscopic examination revealed that the foci of contusion had destroyed brain tissue in the form of tissue and blood vessel fragments. Most dystrophic neuronal changes in mice with severe TBI between 1 and 21 days after the injury were acute neuronal swelling, hydropic dystrophy of nerve cells with clear cytoplasmic vacuolization, localized and complete chromatolysis, hyperchromatism, and homogeneous cytoplasm. Conclusion: Brain tissue lesions develop in the early stages of a TBI through rapid necrotic cell death.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sabah Bresam, Rasha Majid Abd Ulameer Alhumairi, Istikrar M. Hade, Bahaa Abdullah Laftaah Al-Rubaii
Introduction and Aim: Genetic factors and family gene clustering constitute an important ratio for gastric cancer. Kruppel Like Factor 14 (KLF14) gene has a carcinogenic role and a clear role in metabolic diseases, but how this gene regulates these metabolic traits is still obscure. Previous studies proposed that the accumulation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in KLF14 may be associated with gastric cancer. The current study aimed to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs972283 in KLF14 is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer in the Iraqi population. Materials and Methods: The SNP was genotyped using tetra primer ARMS-PCR in 101 (79 men and 22 women) gastric cancer patients who did not receive chemotherapy, and 80 healthy controls (53 men and 27 women). All patient samples were taken from the Baghdad Hospital of Gastroenterology and Hepatology laboratories. Patient records included age, sex, histological type, and H. pylori infection status Results: The KLF14 rs972283 genotype was significantly different between the gastric cancer and control groups. The heterozygous AG genotype and A mutant allele were significantly higher in gastric cancer patients compared to controls (56.4% vs 38.7%, p<0.01 and 61% vs 40.6%, p<0.01, respectively). In contrast, the GG wildtype genotype and G wildtype allele were significantly higher in controls (40% vs 11%, p<0.01 and 59.4% vs 39%, p<0.01, respectively). The AA homozygous mutant genotype also showed a weak correlation with increased gastric cancer risk. These results indicate the A allele is a risk factor while the G allele has a protective effect for gastric cancer. Conclusion: the KLF14 polymorphism rs972283 exhibits a significant association with gastric cancer risk in our Iraqi cohort. The SNP may serve as a useful prognostic marker, pending validation in larger studies.
{"title":"Genetic mutation rs972283 of the KLF14 gene and the incidence of gastric cancer","authors":"Sabah Bresam, Rasha Majid Abd Ulameer Alhumairi, Istikrar M. Hade, Bahaa Abdullah Laftaah Al-Rubaii","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3112","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Genetic factors and family gene clustering constitute an important ratio for gastric cancer. Kruppel Like Factor 14 (KLF14) gene has a carcinogenic role and a clear role in metabolic diseases, but how this gene regulates these metabolic traits is still obscure. Previous studies proposed that the accumulation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in KLF14 may be associated with gastric cancer. The current study aimed to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs972283 in KLF14 is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer in the Iraqi population.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: The SNP was genotyped using tetra primer ARMS-PCR in 101 (79 men and 22 women) gastric cancer patients who did not receive chemotherapy, and 80 healthy controls (53 men and 27 women). All patient samples were taken from the Baghdad Hospital of Gastroenterology and Hepatology laboratories. Patient records included age, sex, histological type, and H. pylori infection status\u0000 \u0000Results: The KLF14 rs972283 genotype was significantly different between the gastric cancer and control groups. The heterozygous AG genotype and A mutant allele were significantly higher in gastric cancer patients compared to controls (56.4% vs 38.7%, p<0.01 and 61% vs 40.6%, p<0.01, respectively). In contrast, the GG wildtype genotype and G wildtype allele were significantly higher in controls (40% vs 11%, p<0.01 and 59.4% vs 39%, p<0.01, respectively). The AA homozygous mutant genotype also showed a weak correlation with increased gastric cancer risk. These results indicate the A allele is a risk factor while the G allele has a protective effect for gastric cancer.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: the KLF14 polymorphism rs972283 exhibits a significant association with gastric cancer risk in our Iraqi cohort. The SNP may serve as a useful prognostic marker, pending validation in larger studies.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in India. Intake of a high or moderate amount of fish has shown a decreased risk of CVD. This is due to the presence of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in fish oils. According to past studies, regularly consuming these fatty acids lowers the risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, arrhythmias, and sudden death. The beneficial effects of a fish-rich diet appear to conflict with PUFA's susceptibility to oxidation. As a result, the study aimed to compare the lipid profile, cardiac markers, and lipid peroxidation status in male adults who consume moderate amounts of fish regularly. Materials and Methods: Total cholesterol (T.C.), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (T.G.), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant activity (AOA) were measured in healthy male individual of 85 fish eaters and 77 vegetarians in the age group of 25-40 years. The atherogenic indices TC/ HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, a Student's 't' test, and non-HDL-C/ HDL-C were determined. The two groups' parameters were compared using the Student's t-test. Results: In Fish eating male subjects, the lipid profile and cardiac markers were decreased except for HDL-C (which was increased). Fish eaters exhibited significant decreases in atherogenic indices, and significant variation was not observed in the oxidant status of the study groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: According to the present study's findings, regular intake of moderate amounts of fish is linked to a decrease in lipid profiles and cardiac markers without affecting the individual's oxidation status.
{"title":"Influence of fish on biochemical markers: A comparative study among male subjects of fish eaters and vegetarians","authors":"Asha Prabhu, Kedilaya H. P., Manjula Shantaram","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3345","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in India. Intake of a high or moderate amount of fish has shown a decreased risk of CVD. This is due to the presence of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in fish oils. According to past studies, regularly consuming these fatty acids lowers the risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, arrhythmias, and sudden death. The beneficial effects of a fish-rich diet appear to conflict with PUFA's susceptibility to oxidation. As a result, the study aimed to compare the lipid profile, cardiac markers, and lipid peroxidation status in male adults who consume moderate amounts of fish regularly. Materials and Methods: Total cholesterol (T.C.), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (T.G.), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant activity (AOA) were measured in healthy male individual of 85 fish eaters and 77 vegetarians in the age group of 25-40 years. The atherogenic indices TC/ HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, a Student's 't' test, and non-HDL-C/ HDL-C were determined. The two groups' parameters were compared using the Student's t-test. Results: In Fish eating male subjects, the lipid profile and cardiac markers were decreased except for HDL-C (which was increased). Fish eaters exhibited significant decreases in atherogenic indices, and significant variation was not observed in the oxidant status of the study groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: According to the present study's findings, regular intake of moderate amounts of fish is linked to a decrease in lipid profiles and cardiac markers without affecting the individual's oxidation status.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Aminotransferases are the markers of liver function and cortisol is the hyperglycemic stress hormone, both have been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis is known to control many functions of the liver. This study was aimed to evaluate the correlation of cortisol with hepatic transaminases; AST and ALT also with fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c in type 2 diabetic patients. Also, the AST, ALT and cortisol levels of participants were compared based on their diabetic duration and gender. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included patients with type 2 diabetes (n=89) with a mean diabetic duration of 7.66± 6.871 years, of which 66.3% were males and 33.7% were females. Data for the above parameters except cortisol were collected from the data management system of the central lab. Morning serum cortisol levels were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient and independent student’s t-test were applied to find correlation and comparison of AST, ALT and cortisol levels of participants based on their diabetic duration and gender respectively. Results: The comparison based on diabetic duration shows significant differences (p<0.005) with AST while, not with ALT and cortisol. Also, they did not show a significant difference in either of the gender. Among hepatic transaminases, the probability of association of ALT with FBS levels and HbA1c levels was significant (p<0.05). However, though a positive trend is seen in the AST association, there is no strong correlation observed. Likewise, the association of serum cortisol levels, with AST, ALT and HbA1c was not significant but the probability of association was significant with FBS levels. Conclusion: Findings from the present study suggest that liver transaminases are positively correlated with serum cortisol levels in type 2 diabetic patients.
{"title":"Correlation of hepatic transaminases with cortisol levels in type 2 diabetes","authors":"Sujina S. S., Vinod Chandran, Poornima Manjrekar, Aradhana Marathe, Neelam Pawar","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.2734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2734","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Aminotransferases are the markers of liver function and cortisol is the hyperglycemic stress hormone, both have been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis is known to control many functions of the liver. This study was aimed to evaluate the correlation of cortisol with hepatic transaminases; AST and ALT also with fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c in type 2 diabetic patients. Also, the AST, ALT and cortisol levels of participants were compared based on their diabetic duration and gender. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included patients with type 2 diabetes (n=89) with a mean diabetic duration of 7.66± 6.871 years, of which 66.3% were males and 33.7% were females. Data for the above parameters except cortisol were collected from the data management system of the central lab. Morning serum cortisol levels were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient and independent student’s t-test were applied to find correlation and comparison of AST, ALT and cortisol levels of participants based on their diabetic duration and gender respectively. Results: The comparison based on diabetic duration shows significant differences (p<0.005) with AST while, not with ALT and cortisol. Also, they did not show a significant difference in either of the gender. Among hepatic transaminases, the probability of association of ALT with FBS levels and HbA1c levels was significant (p<0.05). However, though a positive trend is seen in the AST association, there is no strong correlation observed. Likewise, the association of serum cortisol levels, with AST, ALT and HbA1c was not significant but the probability of association was significant with FBS levels. Conclusion: Findings from the present study suggest that liver transaminases are positively correlated with serum cortisol levels in type 2 diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Anabaena circinalis, a photosynthetic cyanobacterium belonging to the Gram-negative group, is widely distributed in freshwater ecosystems across the world. The scientific focus on A. circinalis primarily stems from its ability to produce numerous cyanotoxins, which have the potential to be hazardous. The objective of this study was to assess the antifungal efficacy of A. circinalis against the dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, with the aim of discovering a new antifungal agent. Methodology: The identification of Anabaena circinalis in this study was conducted through the observation of its morphological characteristics. Molecular identification and confirmation of the algae was done using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, employing a specific set of primers targeting the PCbetaand PCalpha genes. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed in identifying A. circinalis antifungal compounds. The ability of 70% ethanolic and methanolic extracts produced from A. circinalis to inhibit the dermatophyte fungi Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was tested by in vitro tests. Results: The findings indicate that the hot ethanolic extract of Anabaena circinalis exhibited a significant inhibitory effect (100% inhibition) on the growth of dermatophyte fungi tested. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry studies identified several antifungal compounds in A. circinalis extracts, which included Hexadecen-1-ol, Phthalic acid, Octadecenoic acid, Octadecynoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, Pentadecadien, Tetradecenal, and Octadecadien-1-ol. Conclusion: Overall finding suggests hot ethanolic or methanolic extracts of Anabaena circinalis contain phyto components, which could be used as an antifungal agent in treating dermatophyte fungi-related infections.
{"title":"The antagonistic effect of Anabaena circinalis on some dermatophytes","authors":"Zainulabdeen H. A. Al-Khafaji","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3026","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Anabaena circinalis, a photosynthetic cyanobacterium belonging to the Gram-negative group, is widely distributed in freshwater ecosystems across the world. The scientific focus on A. circinalis primarily stems from its ability to produce numerous cyanotoxins, which have the potential to be hazardous. The objective of this study was to assess the antifungal efficacy of A. circinalis against the dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, with the aim of discovering a new antifungal agent. Methodology: The identification of Anabaena circinalis in this study was conducted through the observation of its morphological characteristics. Molecular identification and confirmation of the algae was done using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, employing a specific set of primers targeting the PCbetaand PCalpha genes. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed in identifying A. circinalis antifungal compounds. The ability of 70% ethanolic and methanolic extracts produced from A. circinalis to inhibit the dermatophyte fungi Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was tested by in vitro tests. Results: The findings indicate that the hot ethanolic extract of Anabaena circinalis exhibited a significant inhibitory effect (100% inhibition) on the growth of dermatophyte fungi tested. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry studies identified several antifungal compounds in A. circinalis extracts, which included Hexadecen-1-ol, Phthalic acid, Octadecenoic acid, Octadecynoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, Pentadecadien, Tetradecenal, and Octadecadien-1-ol. Conclusion: Overall finding suggests hot ethanolic or methanolic extracts of Anabaena circinalis contain phyto components, which could be used as an antifungal agent in treating dermatophyte fungi-related infections.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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