Jency Evanjelin P., Uma Maheswari T. N., Devika S. Pillai, Rajeshkuamar S.
Introduction and Aim: The consumption of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit holds a widespread presence globally and holds notable importance in the diets of various Arabian nations. The adoption of green synthesis for nanoparticle production presents multiple advantages over conventional physio-chemical methods. Furthermore, these nanoparticles have found diverse applications within the medical field. In light of this, the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using extracts from Phoenix dactylifera (dates) was undertaken. The primary objective of this research was to employ a biosynthesis approach for the creation of zinc oxide nanoparticles utilizing extracts from Phoenix dactylifera (Mabroom dates), and subsequently assessing their potential antimicrobial efficacy. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the Dates extract and zinc sulphate solution was mixed and centrifuged to synthesise zinc oxide nanoparticles. Characterization was assessed using visual identification and UV visual spectrometry analysis. The anti-bacterial activity was analyzed in Mueller Hinton agar against the S. mutans pathogen, whereas anti-fungal activity was analyzed in Rose Bengal agar against the C. albicans pathogen to rule out the zone of inhibition. Results: UV-Visible spectrophotometric spectra acquired after 40 hours of incubation revealed an absorption peak at 275 nm, indicating the existence of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The assessment of antibacterial activity against S. mutans exhibited heightened efficacy with 100 µl of dates and ZnO nanoparticles, demonstrating stronger antibacterial effects. Similarly, the evaluation of antifungal activity against C. albicans displayed robust antifungal potency with 100 µl of dates and ZnO nanoparticles. Conclusion: Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using dates exhibited potent anti-microbial activity and thus future clinical trials can use this for Oral potentially malignant disorders such as candidal leukoplakia, erosive lichen planus etc.
{"title":"Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Phoenix dactylifera and their anti-microbial potentiality – An in vitro study","authors":"Jency Evanjelin P., Uma Maheswari T. N., Devika S. Pillai, Rajeshkuamar S.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.2230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2230","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: The consumption of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit holds a widespread presence globally and holds notable importance in the diets of various Arabian nations. The adoption of green synthesis for nanoparticle production presents multiple advantages over conventional physio-chemical methods. Furthermore, these nanoparticles have found diverse applications within the medical field. In light of this, the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using extracts from Phoenix dactylifera (dates) was undertaken. The primary objective of this research was to employ a biosynthesis approach for the creation of zinc oxide nanoparticles utilizing extracts from Phoenix dactylifera (Mabroom dates), and subsequently assessing their potential antimicrobial efficacy. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the Dates extract and zinc sulphate solution was mixed and centrifuged to synthesise zinc oxide nanoparticles. Characterization was assessed using visual identification and UV visual spectrometry analysis. The anti-bacterial activity was analyzed in Mueller Hinton agar against the S. mutans pathogen, whereas anti-fungal activity was analyzed in Rose Bengal agar against the C. albicans pathogen to rule out the zone of inhibition. Results: UV-Visible spectrophotometric spectra acquired after 40 hours of incubation revealed an absorption peak at 275 nm, indicating the existence of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The assessment of antibacterial activity against S. mutans exhibited heightened efficacy with 100 µl of dates and ZnO nanoparticles, demonstrating stronger antibacterial effects. Similarly, the evaluation of antifungal activity against C. albicans displayed robust antifungal potency with 100 µl of dates and ZnO nanoparticles. Conclusion: Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using dates exhibited potent anti-microbial activity and thus future clinical trials can use this for Oral potentially malignant disorders such as candidal leukoplakia, erosive lichen planus etc.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A mucocutaneous condition known as a vesiculobullous lesion is characterized by the presence of fluid-filled vesicles and bullae. Bullae and vesicles typically have different sizes. Bullae have a diameter greater than 5–10 mm, whereas vesicles have a diameter of less than 5–10 mm. Infectious etiologies such herpes simplex, varicella zoster infection, hand, foot, and mouth disease, herpangina, and measles can cause vesiculobullous lesions. Additionally, immunobullous conditions including pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, linear IgA disease, or inherited conditions like epidermolysis bullosa may be to blame. The management of common vesiculobullous disorders is reviewed using a decision tree analysis based on etiopathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic criteria. A decision tree has been formulated based on predominantly vesicular and predominantly bullous lesions with specific lesions in each category based on recent scientific evidence. This decision tree will guide the clinicians for effective management of the vesiculobullous lesions in the dental office. The timely recognition and management of these lesions is very essential as they can compromise the quality of life due to their chronicity and frequent recurrence in nature.
{"title":"Decision tree analysis for the management of vesiculobullous lesions","authors":"Swathi K. V., Maragathavalli G.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3017","url":null,"abstract":"A mucocutaneous condition known as a vesiculobullous lesion is characterized by the presence of fluid-filled vesicles and bullae. Bullae and vesicles typically have different sizes. Bullae have a diameter greater than 5–10 mm, whereas vesicles have a diameter of less than 5–10 mm. Infectious etiologies such herpes simplex, varicella zoster infection, hand, foot, and mouth disease, herpangina, and measles can cause vesiculobullous lesions. Additionally, immunobullous conditions including pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, linear IgA disease, or inherited conditions like epidermolysis bullosa may be to blame. The management of common vesiculobullous disorders is reviewed using a decision tree analysis based on etiopathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic criteria. A decision tree has been formulated based on predominantly vesicular and predominantly bullous lesions with specific lesions in each category based on recent scientific evidence. This decision tree will guide the clinicians for effective management of the vesiculobullous lesions in the dental office. The timely recognition and management of these lesions is very essential as they can compromise the quality of life due to their chronicity and frequent recurrence in nature.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lovely George, Thoppil Reba Philipose, Thushara K., Purnima S. Rao
Primary neoplasms of the appendix are present in less than 2% of appendicectomy specimens. Appendiceal mucinous neoplasm is a rare malignancy which is found in less than 0.3% of appendicectomy specimens and accounts for around 1% of gastrointestinal neoplasms. These have varying malignant potential and include a heterogeneous group of diseases. According to the WHO 5th edition (2019), the neoplastic spectrum of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms comprise of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs), high grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (HAMNs), and mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix. The patients with mucinous appendiceal lesions are frequently operated for symptoms resembling acute appendicitis as they lack specific clinical and imaging presentation. Categorisation of these neoplasms with attention to extent of mucin and neoplastic cells is crucial to stage the disease as well as to assess the risk of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), a life threatening complication with poor prognosis. We present 8 LAMNs including a rare case of synchronous mucinous cystadenoma of ovary and LAMNs. We discuss the different clinical presentations and the challenges faced in diagnosis.
{"title":"Diagnostic pitfalls in low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms","authors":"Lovely George, Thoppil Reba Philipose, Thushara K., Purnima S. Rao","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3291","url":null,"abstract":"Primary neoplasms of the appendix are present in less than 2% of appendicectomy specimens. Appendiceal mucinous neoplasm is a rare malignancy which is found in less than 0.3% of appendicectomy specimens and accounts for around 1% of gastrointestinal neoplasms. These have varying malignant potential and include a heterogeneous group of diseases. According to the WHO 5th edition (2019), the neoplastic spectrum of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms comprise of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs), high grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (HAMNs), and mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix. The patients with mucinous appendiceal lesions are frequently operated for symptoms resembling acute appendicitis as they lack specific clinical and imaging presentation. Categorisation of these neoplasms with attention to extent of mucin and neoplastic cells is crucial to stage the disease as well as to assess the risk of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), a life threatening complication with poor prognosis. We present 8 LAMNs including a rare case of synchronous mucinous cystadenoma of ovary and LAMNs. We discuss the different clinical presentations and the challenges faced in diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Senthil Nathan C.V., Kavitha Lakshmi J., Vaishnavi G., Manoj Abraham M.
Introduction and Aim: Difficulty or trouble in eating is termed to beDysphagia, which indicates experience of food encountering delays or obstructions as it moves to the stomach from the mouth. Elderly population is prone to develop dysphagia because of various illnesses that affect their swallowing function, thereby raising the threat of aspiration. The primary goal of the current learning is to assess the effectiveness of swallowing therapy and the forced expiratory technique as preventive measures against aspiration in frail elderly individuals with dysphagia. Methodology: This study is an experimental study done at ACS Medical College and Hospital, specifically in the Physiotherapy OP department. The study involved a sample of 20 individuals and had a treatment duration of 6 weeks. The participants were elderly individuals ranging from 65 to 85 years of age, comprising both males and females. Participants who scored above 18 in the mini mental state exam and fall within levels 3 to 6 according to the FIOS classification were included The outcome measures used in the study were the functional intake oral scale and the gugging swallowing screen. Results: Comparing the Functional Intake Oral Scale (FIOS) Score between the Pre-test and Post-test mean values of 4.40 and 6.40 (Swallowing Therapy) reveals a significantly significant difference between the two mean values at P 0.001. Comparing the gugging swallowing screen (GUSS)score between the Pre-test and Post-test mean values of 11.30 and 17.60 (Swallowing Therapy), it is very significant that there is a difference between the Pre-test and Post-test mean values at P 0.001. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is significant improvement in effects of swallowing therapy for dysphagia in frail elders and forced expiratory technique to prevent aspiration.
{"title":"Effectiveness of swallowing therapy and forced expiratory technique to prevent aspiration for dysphagia in frail elders","authors":"Senthil Nathan C.V., Kavitha Lakshmi J., Vaishnavi G., Manoj Abraham M.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.2355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2355","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Difficulty or trouble in eating is termed to beDysphagia, which indicates experience of food encountering delays or obstructions as it moves to the stomach from the mouth. Elderly population is prone to develop dysphagia because of various illnesses that affect their swallowing function, thereby raising the threat of aspiration. The primary goal of the current learning is to assess the effectiveness of swallowing therapy and the forced expiratory technique as preventive measures against aspiration in frail elderly individuals with dysphagia. Methodology: This study is an experimental study done at ACS Medical College and Hospital, specifically in the Physiotherapy OP department. The study involved a sample of 20 individuals and had a treatment duration of 6 weeks. The participants were elderly individuals ranging from 65 to 85 years of age, comprising both males and females. Participants who scored above 18 in the mini mental state exam and fall within levels 3 to 6 according to the FIOS classification were included The outcome measures used in the study were the functional intake oral scale and the gugging swallowing screen. Results: Comparing the Functional Intake Oral Scale (FIOS) Score between the Pre-test and Post-test mean values of 4.40 and 6.40 (Swallowing Therapy) reveals a significantly significant difference between the two mean values at P 0.001. Comparing the gugging swallowing screen (GUSS)score between the Pre-test and Post-test mean values of 11.30 and 17.60 (Swallowing Therapy), it is very significant that there is a difference between the Pre-test and Post-test mean values at P 0.001. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is significant improvement in effects of swallowing therapy for dysphagia in frail elders and forced expiratory technique to prevent aspiration.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dheeraj V. Kumar, Mithun Shetty, Bhaskar Bhandary, Manjunath S.
Introduction and Aim: With lumbar disc herniations occurring in the population at a rate of 2-3%, low back pain is one of the most common chronic pain syndromes. Since 1952, patients with failed medical and conservative therapy for lumbar radiculopathy in presence or absence of discogenic back pain have been treated using epidural corticosteroid injections. Triamcinolone acetate, a local steroid, limits the inflammatory response. Interlaminar, transforaminal and caudal routes are various approaches for steroid injections. This study compared the effectiveness of triamcinolone acetate injections administered via an interlaminar vs. transforaminal method. The aim was to contrast the transforaminal technique and interlaminar approach to triamcinolone acetate's effectiveness in relieving pain. Materials and Methods: In this study, 60 patients with low back pain are divided into two groups of 30 patients each and randomly allocated to receive care. Triamcinolone acetate solution, 40 mg, is used in each group. Interlaminar approach was chosen to inject the drug into the epidural space blindly, whereas through the transforaminal approach, the drug was delivered using dye with the help of fluoroscopic guidance. The outcome comprises evaluating pain reduction at the second and fourth weeks following the injection using a numerical scale and a verbal evaluation scale. Data was gathered after 15 minutes, at the 2nd and 4th week post injection. Results: Patients who received triamcinolone acetate via transforaminal route experienced greater pain reduction in terms of NRS and VAS at the second week. Conclusion: When comparing the NRS and VAS scores for pain alleviation, transforaminal is preferable to interlaminar because it delivers triamcinolone acetate to specific targets and is more successful than ILESI.
{"title":"A study of efficacy between interlaminar vs transforaminal approaches in symptomatic intervertebral disc herniations when treated with triamcinolone acetate","authors":"Dheeraj V. Kumar, Mithun Shetty, Bhaskar Bhandary, Manjunath S.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.2482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2482","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: With lumbar disc herniations occurring in the population at a rate of 2-3%, low back pain is one of the most common chronic pain syndromes. Since 1952, patients with failed medical and conservative therapy for lumbar radiculopathy in presence or absence of discogenic back pain have been treated using epidural corticosteroid injections. Triamcinolone acetate, a local steroid, limits the inflammatory response. Interlaminar, transforaminal and caudal routes are various approaches for steroid injections. This study compared the effectiveness of triamcinolone acetate injections administered via an interlaminar vs. transforaminal method. The aim was to contrast the transforaminal technique and interlaminar approach to triamcinolone acetate's effectiveness in relieving pain. Materials and Methods: In this study, 60 patients with low back pain are divided into two groups of 30 patients each and randomly allocated to receive care. Triamcinolone acetate solution, 40 mg, is used in each group. Interlaminar approach was chosen to inject the drug into the epidural space blindly, whereas through the transforaminal approach, the drug was delivered using dye with the help of fluoroscopic guidance. The outcome comprises evaluating pain reduction at the second and fourth weeks following the injection using a numerical scale and a verbal evaluation scale. Data was gathered after 15 minutes, at the 2nd and 4th week post injection. Results: Patients who received triamcinolone acetate via transforaminal route experienced greater pain reduction in terms of NRS and VAS at the second week. Conclusion: When comparing the NRS and VAS scores for pain alleviation, transforaminal is preferable to interlaminar because it delivers triamcinolone acetate to specific targets and is more successful than ILESI.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Obesity is a serious, life-threatening health condition that is prevalent in Iraq and the world as a whole. Since Leptin, irisin, oxytocin and insulin are proposed to play main roles in energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis, regulating body weight, reducing obesity and improving life expectancy so the aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of these anti-obesity hormones plus insulin resistance Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 obese young men with a mean age of 29.95 years and fifty normal weight young men with a mean age of 28.44. Results: In obese men, the mean leptin concentration was 24.08±9.91 ng/ml which was significantly higher than in normal weight men 5.48 ng/ml. Serum irisin levels in obese men and normal weight were 8.9 ng/ml, 2.4 ng/ml respectively, and it was significantly higher in obese group in comparison to the normal weight group. The mean serum oxytocin concentration was significantly lower in obese group 6.41pg/ml in comparison to normal weight 29.55 pg/ml. Serum insulin levels in obese and normal weight were 19.55±5.56 and 3.64 micro lU/ml respectively and it was significantly higher in obese men. The mean fasting blood glucose concentration in obese men was 98.67mg/dl and it was significantly higher than in normal weight 84±9.85 mg/ml. Insulin resistance (HOMA IR) was significantly higher in obese men 6.6 than in normal weight 0.68. Conclusion: Serum levels of leptin, irisin, insulin, and insulin resistance are higher in obese young men, while oxytocin levels were noticeably low. Our study also shows that obesity increases the likelihood of insulin resistance.
{"title":"Levels of leptin, irisin, oxytocin and insulin in obese and normal weight Iraqi young men","authors":"Alaa Subhi Hammoud, Maryam I. Salman","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3106","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Obesity is a serious, life-threatening health condition that is prevalent in Iraq and the world as a whole. Since Leptin, irisin, oxytocin and insulin are proposed to play main roles in energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis, regulating body weight, reducing obesity and improving life expectancy so the aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of these anti-obesity hormones plus insulin resistance Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 obese young men with a mean age of 29.95 years and fifty normal weight young men with a mean age of 28.44. Results: In obese men, the mean leptin concentration was 24.08±9.91 ng/ml which was significantly higher than in normal weight men 5.48 ng/ml. Serum irisin levels in obese men and normal weight were 8.9 ng/ml, 2.4 ng/ml respectively, and it was significantly higher in obese group in comparison to the normal weight group. The mean serum oxytocin concentration was significantly lower in obese group 6.41pg/ml in comparison to normal weight 29.55 pg/ml. Serum insulin levels in obese and normal weight were 19.55±5.56 and 3.64 micro lU/ml respectively and it was significantly higher in obese men. The mean fasting blood glucose concentration in obese men was 98.67mg/dl and it was significantly higher than in normal weight 84±9.85 mg/ml. Insulin resistance (HOMA IR) was significantly higher in obese men 6.6 than in normal weight 0.68. Conclusion: Serum levels of leptin, irisin, insulin, and insulin resistance are higher in obese young men, while oxytocin levels were noticeably low. Our study also shows that obesity increases the likelihood of insulin resistance.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reshma K., Sridevi H. B., Nikhil Victor Dsouza, Sudha K., Vasavi K., Unnikrishnan B., Prasanna Mithra, Sannidhi Sudharkar Kotian, Urmila N. Khadilkar
Introduction and Aim: COVID-19 outbreak was declared as pandemic by WHO Director-General on 11th March 2020 in his opening remarks at the media briefing. The global population infected by Corona virus appeared to be responding at different levels in the first wave which warranted WHO to categorise the disease as mild, moderate, and severe. Haematological, biochemical, and radiological parameters played a crucial role in critically triaging and following-up disease progression. Amongst various laboratory parameters, this work aimed to identify the most specific marker in predicting disease severity. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from study population of 510 laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted in our hospital were selected. The patients who were classified as having mild, moderate, and severe disease were analysed for biochemical and haematological inflammatory markers. Results were analysed by ANOVA and post-hoc tests. ROC curves were derived to determine the cut-off values between severe and non-severe groups. Correlation between D-dimer and NLR was done by Pearson’s correlation. Results: Patients with co-morbidities were likely to develop severe complications which could lead to poor outcome. From ROC curves, we determine that NLR, with highest area under curve, is the best marker of disease severity. A significant positive correlation was found between D-dimer and NLR (p=0.000) across groups. Baseline cut-off values for D-dimer and NLR based to differentiate between severe and non-severe cases were 0.5 and 4.875 respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that baseline NLR is a simple and most useful tool that would assist clinicians in designing treatment strategies for a COVID-19 infected patient.
{"title":"Utility of baseline D-dimer and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting the severity among COVID-19 patients in an Indian cohort during the first wave of the pandemic","authors":"Reshma K., Sridevi H. B., Nikhil Victor Dsouza, Sudha K., Vasavi K., Unnikrishnan B., Prasanna Mithra, Sannidhi Sudharkar Kotian, Urmila N. Khadilkar","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.2679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2679","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: COVID-19 outbreak was declared as pandemic by WHO Director-General on 11th March 2020 in his opening remarks at the media briefing. The global population infected by Corona virus appeared to be responding at different levels in the first wave which warranted WHO to categorise the disease as mild, moderate, and severe. Haematological, biochemical, and radiological parameters played a crucial role in critically triaging and following-up disease progression. Amongst various laboratory parameters, this work aimed to identify the most specific marker in predicting disease severity. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from study population of 510 laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted in our hospital were selected. The patients who were classified as having mild, moderate, and severe disease were analysed for biochemical and haematological inflammatory markers. Results were analysed by ANOVA and post-hoc tests. ROC curves were derived to determine the cut-off values between severe and non-severe groups. Correlation between D-dimer and NLR was done by Pearson’s correlation. Results: Patients with co-morbidities were likely to develop severe complications which could lead to poor outcome. From ROC curves, we determine that NLR, with highest area under curve, is the best marker of disease severity. A significant positive correlation was found between D-dimer and NLR (p=0.000) across groups. Baseline cut-off values for D-dimer and NLR based to differentiate between severe and non-severe cases were 0.5 and 4.875 respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that baseline NLR is a simple and most useful tool that would assist clinicians in designing treatment strategies for a COVID-19 infected patient.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Breast cancer is one of the major causes of mortality next to cervical cancer among women in India. Annually 2,00,000 new cases of breast cancer are detected in India. Comparatively 60% of them are detected in an early stage. The present study was undertaken to explore the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding breast cancer among women. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and sixty women were selected through cluster sampling for the study. A pre-designed, pre-tested, and validated questionnaire comprising mixed types of structured and semi-structured questions was used to collect the information from women through one-to-one interviews. Results: The majority of the selected women were between 36- 55 (64.4%) years of age and the majority (64.7%) of them were employed of whom 39.7% of them were beedi rollers. Regarding knowledge of the symptoms of breast cancer, 60.6% did not know about the symptoms, and 68.3% did not know the detection methods. Most (85.3%) of the women were unaware of the practice of Breast Self- Examination. Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate a low level of knowledge of breast cancer. The study findings suggest that the awareness programs on breast cancer and its detection methods may help women to improve their level of understanding, be more responsive towards the early identification of the symptoms of breast cancer and seek timely medical help.
{"title":"Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding breast cancer among the women in rural Karnataka, South India","authors":"None Mainaz, Mohammed Guthigar, Poonam R. Naik","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.2685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2685","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Breast cancer is one of the major causes of mortality next to cervical cancer among women in India. Annually 2,00,000 new cases of breast cancer are detected in India. Comparatively 60% of them are detected in an early stage. The present study was undertaken to explore the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding breast cancer among women. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and sixty women were selected through cluster sampling for the study. A pre-designed, pre-tested, and validated questionnaire comprising mixed types of structured and semi-structured questions was used to collect the information from women through one-to-one interviews. Results: The majority of the selected women were between 36- 55 (64.4%) years of age and the majority (64.7%) of them were employed of whom 39.7% of them were beedi rollers. Regarding knowledge of the symptoms of breast cancer, 60.6% did not know about the symptoms, and 68.3% did not know the detection methods. Most (85.3%) of the women were unaware of the practice of Breast Self- Examination. Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate a low level of knowledge of breast cancer. The study findings suggest that the awareness programs on breast cancer and its detection methods may help women to improve their level of understanding, be more responsive towards the early identification of the symptoms of breast cancer and seek timely medical help.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Since minimally invasive techniques are being used more and more, new information sources are popping up. This means that the features of the system of emergency abdominal minimally invasive surgery (MIS) need to be studied. The objective of this study is to conduct a detailed analysis of technological manipulations in minimally invasive techniques used in emergency MIS on the abdominal organs. Materials and Methods: Using the classification approach, it is clear that the traditional paradigms of classical surgery have an effect on how modern information is used to describe how minimally invasive techniques are used in emergency abdominal MIS. A system's analysis, processing, and interpretation must be taken into account while evaluating it, including technological advances used in emergency abdominal surgery. Results: We were able to discover that interventions during procedures can be made using one or more minimally invasive techniques, according to our classification analysis. Conclusion: This leads us to the conclusion that it is wise to consider the mentioned part while developing new kinds of minimally invasive techniques. The proposed classification is sure to play a part in clinical practice by bringing up several minimally invasive techniques that are often used in emergency abdominal MIS.
{"title":"Theoretical aspects of the technological classification of minimally invasive surgery in emergency surgery","authors":"Myktybek Chapyev, Shayatbek Abdyrahmanov, Bakyt Toktogaziev, Ruslan Zhortuchiev, Karimjan Aknazarov, Tugolbai Tagaev","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3116","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Since minimally invasive techniques are being used more and more, new information sources are popping up. This means that the features of the system of emergency abdominal minimally invasive surgery (MIS) need to be studied. The objective of this study is to conduct a detailed analysis of technological manipulations in minimally invasive techniques used in emergency MIS on the abdominal organs. Materials and Methods: Using the classification approach, it is clear that the traditional paradigms of classical surgery have an effect on how modern information is used to describe how minimally invasive techniques are used in emergency abdominal MIS. A system's analysis, processing, and interpretation must be taken into account while evaluating it, including technological advances used in emergency abdominal surgery. Results: We were able to discover that interventions during procedures can be made using one or more minimally invasive techniques, according to our classification analysis. Conclusion: This leads us to the conclusion that it is wise to consider the mentioned part while developing new kinds of minimally invasive techniques. The proposed classification is sure to play a part in clinical practice by bringing up several minimally invasive techniques that are often used in emergency abdominal MIS.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Endometriosis is a challenging gynecological disorder that causes pelvic pain and infertility attributed to the prevalence of ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterine tract. Endometrial tissue can travel to other areas of the body for inexplicable reasons. There are, nevertheless, certain patterns. Endometriosis could be treated in several ways, based on characteristics such as age, fertility, symptom severity, and disease degree. All endometriosis medications are available as contraceptives, restricting their use to pregnant mothers or intending to get children. By comparing human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) derived from the pelvic peritoneum of women with endometriosis to HPMCs from women without endometriosis, the researchers found that HPMCs from women with endometriosis had reduced glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and improved lactate production. There is no treatment for endometriosis, even though various medications and management alternatives are available. The present study was carried out to find novel medications to treat endometriosis from medicinal plants which appear to be a promising endeavor. Methods and Materials: Phytohormone and phytochemical screening were performed to study the medication options that could possibly treat endometriosis. Phytochemicals were determined using GC-MS. Results: The phytohormone activity and phytochemical components of Mentha piperita, Curcuma longa, and Andrographis paniculata were identified using GC MS and FT-IR analysis. This initial data from the analytical methods will make it easier to perform follow-up research on finding bioactive ingredients, determining their efficacy through in vivo tests, and proving their safety and efficacy through clinical trials to treat endometriosis. Conclusion: Gibberellin, a phytohormone obtained from natural sources, is supposed to improve PDH activity and hence inhibit PDK. The demand for more modern medicines to increase survival in such cases remains unmet. As a result, there is an increasing interest in using herbal therapy to treat endometriosis.
{"title":"Phytohormone synthesis for PDH activation and phytochemical screening for the treatment of endometriosis","authors":"Shanmugapriya Rishikesan, BrindhaDevi Parthiban","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.2674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2674","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Endometriosis is a challenging gynecological disorder that causes pelvic pain and infertility attributed to the prevalence of ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterine tract. Endometrial tissue can travel to other areas of the body for inexplicable reasons. There are, nevertheless, certain patterns. Endometriosis could be treated in several ways, based on characteristics such as age, fertility, symptom severity, and disease degree. All endometriosis medications are available as contraceptives, restricting their use to pregnant mothers or intending to get children. By comparing human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) derived from the pelvic peritoneum of women with endometriosis to HPMCs from women without endometriosis, the researchers found that HPMCs from women with endometriosis had reduced glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and improved lactate production. There is no treatment for endometriosis, even though various medications and management alternatives are available. The present study was carried out to find novel medications to treat endometriosis from medicinal plants which appear to be a promising endeavor. Methods and Materials: Phytohormone and phytochemical screening were performed to study the medication options that could possibly treat endometriosis. Phytochemicals were determined using GC-MS. Results: The phytohormone activity and phytochemical components of Mentha piperita, Curcuma longa, and Andrographis paniculata were identified using GC MS and FT-IR analysis. This initial data from the analytical methods will make it easier to perform follow-up research on finding bioactive ingredients, determining their efficacy through in vivo tests, and proving their safety and efficacy through clinical trials to treat endometriosis. Conclusion: Gibberellin, a phytohormone obtained from natural sources, is supposed to improve PDH activity and hence inhibit PDK. The demand for more modern medicines to increase survival in such cases remains unmet. As a result, there is an increasing interest in using herbal therapy to treat endometriosis.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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