Sudhakara Babu Chelli, Bhimai Devi N., Anuradha P., Mohana Sandhya K., Bhaskar K.
Introduction and Aim: Wormian bones vary in size, form and quantity and their occurrence is influenced by both genetic and environmental variables. Wormian bones are also seen in foetus ultrasounds during the antenatal period. The occurrence of much more than one sutural bone at the pterion is radiographically significant. The current study aims at the occurrence and topography of Wormian bones in the Telangana region and correlates them to other population groups. Material and Methods: This study was carried out in 160 dry adult human skulls. Presence of these Wormian bones in sagittal, coronal, and Lambdoid sutures along with bregma, lambda, asterion and pterion were noted. The quantitative data is analyzed, and the images were captured. Results: Their incidence was 45 % while in 55% skulls they were absent. Their percentage was more in lambdoid suture (16.9%) followed by asterion (12.5%). They were also observed in sutures like coronal (5.6%) and sagittal (1.9%). In pterion their occurrence was 3.12%. In bregma, none of the skull showed Wormian bones. Conclusion: In the present study, incidence of Wormian bones (Wb’s) is 45% with a greater number of Wb’s observed in Lambdoid suture (16.9%). In the event of any interventions or investigations on the skull, topography of these bones is to be considered.
{"title":"Topography and clinical implication of Wormian bones on dry adult human skulls in Telangana region","authors":"Sudhakara Babu Chelli, Bhimai Devi N., Anuradha P., Mohana Sandhya K., Bhaskar K.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.2767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.2767","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Wormian bones vary in size, form and quantity and their occurrence is influenced by both genetic and environmental variables. Wormian bones are also seen in foetus ultrasounds during the antenatal period. The occurrence of much more than one sutural bone at the pterion is radiographically significant. The current study aims at the occurrence and topography of Wormian bones in the Telangana region and correlates them to other population groups. Material and Methods: This study was carried out in 160 dry adult human skulls. Presence of these Wormian bones in sagittal, coronal, and Lambdoid sutures along with bregma, lambda, asterion and pterion were noted. The quantitative data is analyzed, and the images were captured. Results: Their incidence was 45 % while in 55% skulls they were absent. Their percentage was more in lambdoid suture (16.9%) followed by asterion (12.5%). They were also observed in sutures like coronal (5.6%) and sagittal (1.9%). In pterion their occurrence was 3.12%. In bregma, none of the skull showed Wormian bones. Conclusion: In the present study, incidence of Wormian bones (Wb’s) is 45% with a greater number of Wb’s observed in Lambdoid suture (16.9%). In the event of any interventions or investigations on the skull, topography of these bones is to be considered.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: In recent years, biofeedback systems have been integrated into a variety of devices. Biofeedback system is the process of gaining awareness of one's physiological functions by an apparatus which provides participants feedback of their performance. Respiratory training with a biofeedback system provides the correct breathing pattern, reduces respiratory rate and tension, enhances respiratory function, improves gaseous exchange, improves ventilation and perfusion mismatch. Therefore, it reduces sympathetic nervous system activity by clearing secretions. As clearing the mucous from the airways is the initial stage of respiratory rehabilitation, this study sought to implement a biofeedback system in an Acapella and flutter device and compared the effectiveness of both the positive expiratory pressure (PEP) devices (Acapella and Flutter) with biofeedback on lung functions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.
Materials and Methods: 30 patients were assigned randomly to the acapella group or the flutter group with 15 patients in each group. The Acapella biofeedback group used the Biofeedback Acapella device for 15-20 minutes per day for five days, while the Flutter biofeedback group used the Biofeedback Flutter device simultaneously.
Results: The biofeedback acapella group and the biofeedback flutter group showed significantly higher increases in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and oxygen saturation (SpO2). There was no significant difference between the groups. In addition, there was a significant difference in sputum weight, within both the groups reducing significant amounts of sputum and improving symptoms.
Conclusion: These results suggest that both Biofeedback Acapella device and the Biofeedback Flutter device help in improving lung function and oxygen saturation in COPD patients. Further scientific studies are needed to be performed to confirm the results and to determine the optimal durations and frequencies used in these devices. We also recommend further improvement and development of airway clearance devices.
{"title":"Comparison between biofeedback Acapella and biofeedback flutter devices in COPD: A new way to improve airway clearance","authors":"Aneesha Dhanraj Menezes, K. Rekha, B. Sanjeev Rai","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3650","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: In recent years, biofeedback systems have been integrated into a variety of devices. Biofeedback system is the process of gaining awareness of one's physiological functions by an apparatus which provides participants feedback of their performance. Respiratory training with a biofeedback system provides the correct breathing pattern, reduces respiratory rate and tension, enhances respiratory function, improves gaseous exchange, improves ventilation and perfusion mismatch. Therefore, it reduces sympathetic nervous system activity by clearing secretions. As clearing the mucous from the airways is the initial stage of respiratory rehabilitation, this study sought to implement a biofeedback system in an Acapella and flutter device and compared the effectiveness of both the positive expiratory pressure (PEP) devices (Acapella and Flutter) with biofeedback on lung functions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.
 
 Materials and Methods: 30 patients were assigned randomly to the acapella group or the flutter group with 15 patients in each group. The Acapella biofeedback group used the Biofeedback Acapella device for 15-20 minutes per day for five days, while the Flutter biofeedback group used the Biofeedback Flutter device simultaneously.
 
 Results: The biofeedback acapella group and the biofeedback flutter group showed significantly higher increases in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and oxygen saturation (SpO2). There was no significant difference between the groups. In addition, there was a significant difference in sputum weight, within both the groups reducing significant amounts of sputum and improving symptoms.
 
 Conclusion: These results suggest that both Biofeedback Acapella device and the Biofeedback Flutter device help in improving lung function and oxygen saturation in COPD patients. Further scientific studies are needed to be performed to confirm the results and to determine the optimal durations and frequencies used in these devices. We also recommend further improvement and development of airway clearance devices.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Breast cancer is characterized by the abnormal growth of malignant cells within breast tissue, which can originate from either the ductal epithelium or its lobules. The Sterculia quadrifida R.Br plant has been widely used by the urban community as a medicine for jaundice, ulcers, stamina enhancer, postpartum antiseptic and several other indications of disease. The plant contains a class of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes and saponins. The objective of this study is to assess the anti-cancer activity of the ethanolic extract of Sterculia quadrifida R.Br from Semau Island, Kupang Regency, Indonesia, specifically on T47D cells, and to determine the IC50 value. Materials and Methods: The design of this study is experimental which employed the extraction process, maceration using 96% ethanol. After 24 hours, it was filtered to obtain 96% ethanol filtrate. Additionally, the compound groups present in the extract were characterized through visual observations under visible light, UV light at 254 nm, UV light at 365 nm, as well as visualization using various spray reagents including Dragendorff, FeCl3, 2,4-DNPH, vanillin-sulfuric acid, anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid, and cerium sulfate. Results: Notably, changes in the morphology and color of T47D cells were observed following their exposure to the 96% ethanol extract of Sterculia quadrifida stem bark. The IC50 value analysis in the cytotoxic test involved converting the absorbance data obtained from the test into percentages representing cell viability. Furthermore, the IC50 value, which quantifies the concentration of the extract required to inhibit the growth of T47D cells by 50%, was determined to be 211.4 µg/ml. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be inferred that the 96% ethanol extract of Sterculia quadrifida stem bark exhibits anti-cancer properties against T47D cells.
{"title":"Anticancer activities of Sterculia quadrifida R.Br bark extract from Semau island, Indonesia on breast cancer cells line T47D","authors":"Rr. Listyawati Nurina, Ika Febianti Buntoro, SMJ Koamesah, Muhajirin Dean, Conrad Folamauk","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.2937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.2937","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Breast cancer is characterized by the abnormal growth of malignant cells within breast tissue, which can originate from either the ductal epithelium or its lobules. The Sterculia quadrifida R.Br plant has been widely used by the urban community as a medicine for jaundice, ulcers, stamina enhancer, postpartum antiseptic and several other indications of disease. The plant contains a class of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes and saponins. The objective of this study is to assess the anti-cancer activity of the ethanolic extract of Sterculia quadrifida R.Br from Semau Island, Kupang Regency, Indonesia, specifically on T47D cells, and to determine the IC50 value. Materials and Methods: The design of this study is experimental which employed the extraction process, maceration using 96% ethanol. After 24 hours, it was filtered to obtain 96% ethanol filtrate. Additionally, the compound groups present in the extract were characterized through visual observations under visible light, UV light at 254 nm, UV light at 365 nm, as well as visualization using various spray reagents including Dragendorff, FeCl3, 2,4-DNPH, vanillin-sulfuric acid, anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid, and cerium sulfate. Results: Notably, changes in the morphology and color of T47D cells were observed following their exposure to the 96% ethanol extract of Sterculia quadrifida stem bark. The IC50 value analysis in the cytotoxic test involved converting the absorbance data obtained from the test into percentages representing cell viability. Furthermore, the IC50 value, which quantifies the concentration of the extract required to inhibit the growth of T47D cells by 50%, was determined to be 211.4 µg/ml. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be inferred that the 96% ethanol extract of Sterculia quadrifida stem bark exhibits anti-cancer properties against T47D cells.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sachidananda Mallya P., Shrikara Mallya, Appala Raju B.
There are cases of oral tubercular lesions; however, they are scarce. Oral lesions were present in less than 0.1 percent of the tuberculous patients. the bulk of which mostly affected the tongue's base. The obscure location of the tuberculous lesions might account for the disparity in incidence of occurrence. Oral tuberculosis can occur as a primary or secondary infection. In younger individuals, primary lesions are rare, and they are frequently linked to enlarged cervical lymphadenopathy. Secondary oral Tuberculosis many a times exists together with pulmonary illness and can affect persons of all ages; however, those in their forties and fifties are more likely to be impacted. Organisms entering the sputum and subsequently entering the layers of mucosa via a tiny fissure on the surface of mucosa are the most likely mode of inoculation. The organisms were most likely transferred through the blood to the oral tissues and reached the submucosa before proliferating and ulcerating the overlying mucosa, while lesions of the mouth are less frequent, they are necessary for detecting and treating primary tuberculosis.
{"title":"Oral and maxillofacial tuberculosis: A review","authors":"Sachidananda Mallya P., Shrikara Mallya, Appala Raju B.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3293","url":null,"abstract":"There are cases of oral tubercular lesions; however, they are scarce. Oral lesions were present in less than 0.1 percent of the tuberculous patients. the bulk of which mostly affected the tongue's base. The obscure location of the tuberculous lesions might account for the disparity in incidence of occurrence. Oral tuberculosis can occur as a primary or secondary infection. In younger individuals, primary lesions are rare, and they are frequently linked to enlarged cervical lymphadenopathy. Secondary oral Tuberculosis many a times exists together with pulmonary illness and can affect persons of all ages; however, those in their forties and fifties are more likely to be impacted. Organisms entering the sputum and subsequently entering the layers of mucosa via a tiny fissure on the surface of mucosa are the most likely mode of inoculation. The organisms were most likely transferred through the blood to the oral tissues and reached the submucosa before proliferating and ulcerating the overlying mucosa, while lesions of the mouth are less frequent, they are necessary for detecting and treating primary tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon dots, a recently discovered nanoparticle, have attracted significant attention due to their impressive fluorescent, chemical, mechanical, photostability, and biocompatibility properties. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a novel form of nano-carbon whose use has recently surpassed semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in terms of their many desirable properties. This is because CQDs are made up of carbon atoms rather than carbon molecules. This study clarifies the process of synthesis and optical characteristics of CQDs, as well as current breakthroughs in CQDs’ biological applications in bioimaging. This paper discusses the recent developments and achievements reached with CQDs, with a particular emphasis on their synthetic pathways, chemical and optical characteristics, and biological applications, as well as fresh perspectives on this fascinating and potentially fruitful topic of research.
{"title":"Carbon dots and their biomedical and biotechnological applications","authors":"Rahul Rajendra Kunkulol, Raghavendra L.S. Hallur, Vishnu Nanda Magare, Poojitha B. Sridhara Setty, Manjula Shantaram","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3632","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon dots, a recently discovered nanoparticle, have attracted significant attention due to their impressive fluorescent, chemical, mechanical, photostability, and biocompatibility properties. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a novel form of nano-carbon whose use has recently surpassed semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in terms of their many desirable properties. This is because CQDs are made up of carbon atoms rather than carbon molecules. This study clarifies the process of synthesis and optical characteristics of CQDs, as well as current breakthroughs in CQDs’ biological applications in bioimaging. This paper discusses the recent developments and achievements reached with CQDs, with a particular emphasis on their synthetic pathways, chemical and optical characteristics, and biological applications, as well as fresh perspectives on this fascinating and potentially fruitful topic of research.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, the public and the scientific communities are choosing and looking for natural remedies as an alternative to the elaborate chemically synthesised drugs. As a result, due to its immunostimulatory potential, Cordyceps genus has grabbed attention from the scientific community in recent years. Various in vivo and in vitro investigations on the endo-parasitic fungi have shown its tremendous pharmaceutical potential owing to the various bioactive constituents. Pre-clinical studies have revealed its activities like anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, vasorelaxation, antihyperlipidemic, anticholesterolemic, hypotensive, anti-aging, anti-fatigue, kidney protection and aphrodisiac. Moreover, Cordyceps species are also related with stimulation of the immune system- stimulating inflammatory response mediated via mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, stimulation of phagocytosis, and cytokine production such as interleukins (IL)-10, IL-12, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF) etc. In the present review, we discuss the various bioactive compounds of the fungi such as nucleosides, alkaloids, flavonoids and their therapeutic potential. We also highlight its culturing methods and its current status in the global market.
{"title":"A review on unravelling the medicinal properties of magical mushrooms: Cordyceps militaris","authors":"Payal Mago, Simran Kaur, Isha Srivastava, Rekha Mehrotra, Kohinoor Kaur, Richa Sharma, Aarti Yadav","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3631","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the public and the scientific communities are choosing and looking for natural remedies as an alternative to the elaborate chemically synthesised drugs. As a result, due to its immunostimulatory potential, Cordyceps genus has grabbed attention from the scientific community in recent years. Various in vivo and in vitro investigations on the endo-parasitic fungi have shown its tremendous pharmaceutical potential owing to the various bioactive constituents. Pre-clinical studies have revealed its activities like anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, vasorelaxation, antihyperlipidemic, anticholesterolemic, hypotensive, anti-aging, anti-fatigue, kidney protection and aphrodisiac. Moreover, Cordyceps species are also related with stimulation of the immune system- stimulating inflammatory response mediated via mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, stimulation of phagocytosis, and cytokine production such as interleukins (IL)-10, IL-12, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF) etc. In the present review, we discuss the various bioactive compounds of the fungi such as nucleosides, alkaloids, flavonoids and their therapeutic potential. We also highlight its culturing methods and its current status in the global market.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Free radicals have been established detrimental effects on human health, mostly because of oxidative stress. Antioxidants are essential in reducing these effects and protecting cells from oxidative damage. As a result, there is rising interest in finding natural antioxidants. In this work, Polystichum acrostichoides and Adiantum lunulatum aerial parts, both widely utilized in medical systems for their therapeutic effects and as sources of free radicals, were examined to see how solvent extraction affected their antioxidant activity.
Materials and Methods: In both plants' methanolic and hexane extracts, the amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds were measured. Utilizing the ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radical scavenging tests, the antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated.
Results: In both plant species, the methanolic extracts had higher phenolic and flavonoid contents than the hexane extracts. Notably, the ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays revealed that the methanol extract had the best antioxidant potency. On the other hand, there was no apparent antioxidant action in the hexane extracts.
Conclusion: The results suggest that the aerial parts of Polystichum acrostichoides and Adiantum lunulatum could be effective sources of antioxidants. In the ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radical scavenging experiments, the methanolic extracts had reduced IC50 values, which indicated that they had considerable antioxidant activity. These results demonstrate the potential of these ferns in the creation of innovative treatments for a range of oxidative stress-related diseases.
{"title":"Assessing the effect of solvent extraction on the antioxidant activity of Polystichum acrostichoides and Adiantum lunulatum aerial parts: A comparative study","authors":"T. Sravani, K. Sunitha","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3641","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Free radicals have been established detrimental effects on human health, mostly because of oxidative stress. Antioxidants are essential in reducing these effects and protecting cells from oxidative damage. As a result, there is rising interest in finding natural antioxidants. In this work, Polystichum acrostichoides and Adiantum lunulatum aerial parts, both widely utilized in medical systems for their therapeutic effects and as sources of free radicals, were examined to see how solvent extraction affected their antioxidant activity.
 
 Materials and Methods: In both plants' methanolic and hexane extracts, the amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds were measured. Utilizing the ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radical scavenging tests, the antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated.
 
 Results: In both plant species, the methanolic extracts had higher phenolic and flavonoid contents than the hexane extracts. Notably, the ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays revealed that the methanol extract had the best antioxidant potency. On the other hand, there was no apparent antioxidant action in the hexane extracts.
 
 Conclusion: The results suggest that the aerial parts of Polystichum acrostichoides and Adiantum lunulatum could be effective sources of antioxidants. In the ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radical scavenging experiments, the methanolic extracts had reduced IC50 values, which indicated that they had considerable antioxidant activity. These results demonstrate the potential of these ferns in the creation of innovative treatments for a range of oxidative stress-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Hansen’s (leprosy) disease is a worldwide healthcare problem, caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Dapsone (a synthetic sulfone), is an antibacterial agent, has both anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties for the treatment of all forms of leprosy. The goal of the study is to evaluate the effect of dapsone on HbA1C, methemoglobin and certain oxidative stress markers in young patients suffering with Hansen’s disease with and without diabetes.
Methodology: The study was conducted on 70 subjects in age group of 20-45 years. These subjects include 20 healthy subjects (Group 1); 35 non-diabetic Hansen’s patients on dapsone (100mg/day) treatment (Group 2) and 15 diabetic Hansen’s disease on dapsone (100 mg/day) (Group 3). The fasting blood samples were drawn for the evaluation of methemoglobin, HbA1C, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and total antioxidant activity from all the groups.
Results: A significant increase in methemoglobin and malondialdehyde was noted in Group 2 and 3 patients with reference to healthy control subjects (Group 1) while the levels of reduced glutathione, HbA1C and total antioxidant activity were notably reduced in investigated Group 2 and 3 compared to Group 1. A similar trend of significant increase in methemoglobin and malondialdehyde levels in Group 3 with respect to Group 2 and significant fall in glutathione and total antioxidant activity and nominal fall in HbA1C was recorded in Group 3 with respect to Group 2.
Conclusion: Aforesaid observations suggested that oxidative stress induced in diabetic and non-diabetic Hansen’s disease patients treated with dapsone due to alteration in Met. Hb, MDA, reduced glutathione and total antioxidant activity levels might be accountable for the etiology of various diseases like cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular events. A comprehensive study with clinical trials inclusive of complete oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, pattern of dietary intake with antioxidant vitamin supplements alone and in combination might be beneficial.
{"title":"Impact on methemoglobin and certain oxidative stress markers in diabetic and non-diabetic Hansen’s disease patients with dapsone treatment","authors":"Ravneet Kaur, Sarabjot Singh Anant, Kuldip Singh","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3642","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hansen’s (leprosy) disease is a worldwide healthcare problem, caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Dapsone (a synthetic sulfone), is an antibacterial agent, has both anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties for the treatment of all forms of leprosy. The goal of the study is to evaluate the effect of dapsone on HbA1C, methemoglobin and certain oxidative stress markers in young patients suffering with Hansen’s disease with and without diabetes.
 
 Methodology: The study was conducted on 70 subjects in age group of 20-45 years. These subjects include 20 healthy subjects (Group 1); 35 non-diabetic Hansen’s patients on dapsone (100mg/day) treatment (Group 2) and 15 diabetic Hansen’s disease on dapsone (100 mg/day) (Group 3). The fasting blood samples were drawn for the evaluation of methemoglobin, HbA1C, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and total antioxidant activity from all the groups.
 
 Results: A significant increase in methemoglobin and malondialdehyde was noted in Group 2 and 3 patients with reference to healthy control subjects (Group 1) while the levels of reduced glutathione, HbA1C and total antioxidant activity were notably reduced in investigated Group 2 and 3 compared to Group 1. A similar trend of significant increase in methemoglobin and malondialdehyde levels in Group 3 with respect to Group 2 and significant fall in glutathione and total antioxidant activity and nominal fall in HbA1C was recorded in Group 3 with respect to Group 2.
 
 Conclusion: Aforesaid observations suggested that oxidative stress induced in diabetic and non-diabetic Hansen’s disease patients treated with dapsone due to alteration in Met. Hb, MDA, reduced glutathione and total antioxidant activity levels might be accountable for the etiology of various diseases like cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular events. A comprehensive study with clinical trials inclusive of complete oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, pattern of dietary intake with antioxidant vitamin supplements alone and in combination might be beneficial.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cervical cancer is the fourth-highest prevalent tumor among women in the world. Though the development in the early diagnosis of cervical cancer in developed countries, developing countries are still suffering from it. Among the different biomarkers, serum microRNAs (miRNAs) were reported as valuable tools in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. To highlight the most recent studies of the serum miRNAs in cervical cancer diagnosis, we systematically searched science direct and Web of Science databases using keywords, and the articles that meet inclusion criteria and do not meet exclusion criteria are included in the current review for further analysis. After applying the current study inclusion and exclusion criteria we found 42 dysregulated miRNAs, among them miR-21 was the most investigated, and most of them were capable of distinguishing between healthy and cervical cancer subjects. The current study shows the importance of serum miRNAs as biomarkers in cervical cancer diagnosis.
子宫颈癌是世界上妇女发病率第四大的肿瘤。虽然发达国家在宫颈癌的早期诊断方面取得了进展，但发展中国家仍然深受其苦。在不同的生物标志物中，血清microRNAs (miRNAs)被报道为宫颈癌诊断的有价值的工具。为了突出最新的血清mirna在宫颈癌诊断中的研究，我们使用关键词系统地检索了science direct和Web of science数据库，并将符合纳入标准和不符合排除标准的文章纳入本综述进行进一步分析。应用目前的研究纳入和排除标准后，我们发现了42个异常的mirna，其中miR-21是研究最多的，并且大多数能够区分健康和宫颈癌受试者。目前的研究表明血清mirna作为宫颈癌诊断的生物标志物的重要性。
{"title":"Serum microRNAs dysregulation in cervical cancer and their diagnostic role: A systematic review","authors":"Hussein Hameed Abbas, Fenwick Antony Edwin Rodrigues, Sivasamy Ramasamy","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3181","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer is the fourth-highest prevalent tumor among women in the world. Though the development in the early diagnosis of cervical cancer in developed countries, developing countries are still suffering from it. Among the different biomarkers, serum microRNAs (miRNAs) were reported as valuable tools in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. To highlight the most recent studies of the serum miRNAs in cervical cancer diagnosis, we systematically searched science direct and Web of Science databases using keywords, and the articles that meet inclusion criteria and do not meet exclusion criteria are included in the current review for further analysis. After applying the current study inclusion and exclusion criteria we found 42 dysregulated miRNAs, among them miR-21 was the most investigated, and most of them were capable of distinguishing between healthy and cervical cancer subjects. The current study shows the importance of serum miRNAs as biomarkers in cervical cancer diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rohith Motappa, Sanjay R., Pratham Shetty, Sarvesh K., Cristy M., Sumith M., None Grishma, Ramesh Holla
Introduction and Aim: Healthcare practitioners must stay updated with recent advancements and integrate scientific insights into clinical decision-making for evidence-based medicine. Scientific research faces growing challenges in industrialized and developing nations. Medical professionals in developing countries encounter more obstacles in conducting and disseminating research. This study aims to assess medical undergraduates' awareness, attitudes, and barriers to participating in scientific research. Materials and Methods: The study took place at Kasturba Medical College (MAHE), Mangalore, involving cross-sectional analysis of medical undergraduates in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years of the MBBS program. Eligible participants received a questionnaire via Google Forms with explanatory instructions. Results: Study participants averaged 21.08 years (standard deviation: 1.53), with ages ranging from 18 to 30. An overwhelming majority (80%) understood the research process well. Approximately 58% believed that scientific research should be mandatory in the medical curriculum. Nearly two-thirds agreed that engaging in scientific research enhances subject understanding. Most students (73.19%) saw the demanding course load as the primary deterrent to undergraduate research involvement, while 67.23% cited lack of time as the main obstacle. Conclusion: Compared to early-stage students, those further along in their medical education displayed greater familiarity with research and a stronger inclination toward scientific research pursuits.
{"title":"Knowledge, perception, and practice towards scientific research among undergraduate medical students","authors":"Rohith Motappa, Sanjay R., Pratham Shetty, Sarvesh K., Cristy M., Sumith M., None Grishma, Ramesh Holla","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3296","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Healthcare practitioners must stay updated with recent advancements and integrate scientific insights into clinical decision-making for evidence-based medicine. Scientific research faces growing challenges in industrialized and developing nations. Medical professionals in developing countries encounter more obstacles in conducting and disseminating research. This study aims to assess medical undergraduates' awareness, attitudes, and barriers to participating in scientific research. Materials and Methods: The study took place at Kasturba Medical College (MAHE), Mangalore, involving cross-sectional analysis of medical undergraduates in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years of the MBBS program. Eligible participants received a questionnaire via Google Forms with explanatory instructions. Results: Study participants averaged 21.08 years (standard deviation: 1.53), with ages ranging from 18 to 30. An overwhelming majority (80%) understood the research process well. Approximately 58% believed that scientific research should be mandatory in the medical curriculum. Nearly two-thirds agreed that engaging in scientific research enhances subject understanding. Most students (73.19%) saw the demanding course load as the primary deterrent to undergraduate research involvement, while 67.23% cited lack of time as the main obstacle. Conclusion: Compared to early-stage students, those further along in their medical education displayed greater familiarity with research and a stronger inclination toward scientific research pursuits.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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