Introduction and Aim: Root canal treatment is a dental operation that entails the extraction of the compromised tooth pulp tissue, sterilization of the root canal system, and subsequent filling with an inert substance. To mitigate the potential for bacterial infections and subsequent difficulties, it is customary for patients to receive a prescription for antibiotics prior to undergoing a root canal procedure. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Ca(OH)2: TiO2 nanoparticles as a potential substitute for antibiotics in root canal therapies, while also investigating their antibacterial properties against specific infections. Materials and Methods: Ca (OH)2: TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized chemically using calcium hydroxide and varying concentrations of titanium oxide powder by a sol-gel process. The Ca (OH)2: TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized was characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR), and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against pathogens Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans spp.) by gel diffusion method. Results: FE-SEM analysis indicated that the Ca (OH)2: TiO2 composite material exhibited an amorphous structure, characterized by a particle size measuring 25.88 nm. But FTIR was focused on the spectral region between 4000 and 450 cm-1. The absorption spectra of nanoparticles composed of titanium dioxide consistently displayed a prominent peak at a wavelength of 300 nm. The results of the experiment pertaining to the biological effects of composites suggest that the inclusion of TiO2 nanoparticles at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75% in the composite material led to a notably wider inhibitory zone in comparison to the use of Ca(OH)2 alone, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.05. Conclusion: The use of varying concentrations of Ca (OH)2TiO2 improves microbial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, and Candida.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization of Ca (OH)2: TiO2 nanocomposite and evaluation of its antimicrobial efficacy","authors":"Jenan Hussein Taha","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3256","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Root canal treatment is a dental operation that entails the extraction of the compromised tooth pulp tissue, sterilization of the root canal system, and subsequent filling with an inert substance. To mitigate the potential for bacterial infections and subsequent difficulties, it is customary for patients to receive a prescription for antibiotics prior to undergoing a root canal procedure. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Ca(OH)2: TiO2 nanoparticles as a potential substitute for antibiotics in root canal therapies, while also investigating their antibacterial properties against specific infections. Materials and Methods: Ca (OH)2: TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized chemically using calcium hydroxide and varying concentrations of titanium oxide powder by a sol-gel process. The Ca (OH)2: TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized was characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR), and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against pathogens Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans spp.) by gel diffusion method. Results: FE-SEM analysis indicated that the Ca (OH)2: TiO2 composite material exhibited an amorphous structure, characterized by a particle size measuring 25.88 nm. But FTIR was focused on the spectral region between 4000 and 450 cm-1. The absorption spectra of nanoparticles composed of titanium dioxide consistently displayed a prominent peak at a wavelength of 300 nm. The results of the experiment pertaining to the biological effects of composites suggest that the inclusion of TiO2 nanoparticles at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75% in the composite material led to a notably wider inhibitory zone in comparison to the use of Ca(OH)2 alone, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.05. Conclusion: The use of varying concentrations of Ca (OH)2TiO2 improves microbial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, and Candida.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Srivarshini Govinda Srinivasan, Susha Dinesh, Sameer Sharma, Bhavana Sunkadakatte Venugopal, Martin Lucas A., Dinesh Sosalagere Manjegowda
Introduction and Aim: Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is a traditional Indian herb used in Ayurveda and Unani medicine, particularly in anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-stress, antioxidant, immune-boosting, and rejuvenating effects. Epilepsy is a severe neuropsychological condition that occurs sporadically and has a long-term effect on the electrical signals that travel between brain cells. The disorder is characterized by recurrent seizures that are brought on by a sudden increase in brain electrical activity. This is the outcome of abnormal neuronal discharges or coordinated neuronal hyperexcitability. The study’s main objective is to find out the therapeutic phytocompound in treating Epileptic disorder. Materials and Methods: This study investigated the potential use of phytochemicals from the Ashwagandha plant as epileptic seizure treatments that target key genes strongly associated with the disease. To forecast the binding affinity between the phytochemicals and the receptors, molecular docking simulations (PyRx) were used for the virtual screening. Results: The preliminary screening of the twenty-two phytocompounds from Withania somnifera was based on their affinity for epilepsy. The results showed that withasomnine exhibited great binding affinity to the receptors, indicating their potential as targeted epileptic seizure therapeutics. The ligands revealed stronger binding with the epilepsy targets, and the binding score less than -7 kcal/mol was taken into consideration for further exploration. This research lays the groundwork for upcoming in-vitro and in-vivo studies to confirm the effectiveness of these phytochemicals as cancer therapies. Conclusion: The results suggest that withasomnine derivatives from Withania somnifera could be a promising source of epilepsy therapies.
{"title":"Investigating the molecular mechanisms of Ashwagandha phytocompounds in epilepsy through differential gene expression and pathway analysis","authors":"Srivarshini Govinda Srinivasan, Susha Dinesh, Sameer Sharma, Bhavana Sunkadakatte Venugopal, Martin Lucas A., Dinesh Sosalagere Manjegowda","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.2870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.2870","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is a traditional Indian herb used in Ayurveda and Unani medicine, particularly in anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-stress, antioxidant, immune-boosting, and rejuvenating effects. Epilepsy is a severe neuropsychological condition that occurs sporadically and has a long-term effect on the electrical signals that travel between brain cells. The disorder is characterized by recurrent seizures that are brought on by a sudden increase in brain electrical activity. This is the outcome of abnormal neuronal discharges or coordinated neuronal hyperexcitability. The study’s main objective is to find out the therapeutic phytocompound in treating Epileptic disorder. Materials and Methods: This study investigated the potential use of phytochemicals from the Ashwagandha plant as epileptic seizure treatments that target key genes strongly associated with the disease. To forecast the binding affinity between the phytochemicals and the receptors, molecular docking simulations (PyRx) were used for the virtual screening. Results: The preliminary screening of the twenty-two phytocompounds from Withania somnifera was based on their affinity for epilepsy. The results showed that withasomnine exhibited great binding affinity to the receptors, indicating their potential as targeted epileptic seizure therapeutics. The ligands revealed stronger binding with the epilepsy targets, and the binding score less than -7 kcal/mol was taken into consideration for further exploration. This research lays the groundwork for upcoming in-vitro and in-vivo studies to confirm the effectiveness of these phytochemicals as cancer therapies. Conclusion: The results suggest that withasomnine derivatives from Withania somnifera could be a promising source of epilepsy therapies.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ammar Mohammad Mustafa, Maan Hasan Salih, Adnan Fahdel Al-Azzawie
Introduction and Aim: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and heterogeneous endocrine disorder, with the underlying pathogenic mechanisms yet unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hormonal profile of women with PCOS, as well as their Anti-Mullerian hormonal (AMH) levels and the associated AMH gene (rs3741664) polymorphism. Materials and Methods: The current study included 60 polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOs) patients and 30 healthy women. Serum levels of LH, FSH, TSH, Estrogen and AMH were measured. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to genotype the AMH gene (rs3741664). The statistical analysis was performed using GrapPad Prism 9. The rs3741664 genotypes and allele frequencies were calculated and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was utilized to examine the outcomes. Results: There was a substantial rise in LH, TSH, Estrogen, and AMH blood levels in PCOS females as compared to the control female group (P value = 0.05). In contrast, the serum level of FSH was not significantly increased at p value = 0.05. Polymorphism rs3741664 was not significantly associated with serum AMH levels in the population study. Conclusion: LH, TSH, Estrogen, and AMH levels are elevated in PCOS women. As a result, these hormones are regarded as indicators for identifying PCOS in Iraqi females. Polymorphism rs3741664 was not significantly associated with serum AMH levels in the population study. AMH level not significantly associated with genotypes of AMH rs3741664 gene.
{"title":"Anti-Mullerian hormone and AMH gene (rs3741664) polymorphism analysis in Iraqi women with polycystic ovary syndrome","authors":"Ammar Mohammad Mustafa, Maan Hasan Salih, Adnan Fahdel Al-Azzawie","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3497","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and heterogeneous endocrine disorder, with the underlying pathogenic mechanisms yet unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hormonal profile of women with PCOS, as well as their Anti-Mullerian hormonal (AMH) levels and the associated AMH gene (rs3741664) polymorphism. Materials and Methods: The current study included 60 polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOs) patients and 30 healthy women. Serum levels of LH, FSH, TSH, Estrogen and AMH were measured. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to genotype the AMH gene (rs3741664). The statistical analysis was performed using GrapPad Prism 9. The rs3741664 genotypes and allele frequencies were calculated and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was utilized to examine the outcomes. Results: There was a substantial rise in LH, TSH, Estrogen, and AMH blood levels in PCOS females as compared to the control female group (P value = 0.05). In contrast, the serum level of FSH was not significantly increased at p value = 0.05. Polymorphism rs3741664 was not significantly associated with serum AMH levels in the population study. Conclusion: LH, TSH, Estrogen, and AMH levels are elevated in PCOS women. As a result, these hormones are regarded as indicators for identifying PCOS in Iraqi females. Polymorphism rs3741664 was not significantly associated with serum AMH levels in the population study. AMH level not significantly associated with genotypes of AMH rs3741664 gene.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efrisca M. Br. Damanik, Herman P.L. Wungouw, Anita Lidesna Shinta Amat
Introduction and Aim: Vaccines from various manufacturers have shown their efficacy against COVID-19 globally. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the immune response in subjects after the second vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus at Mamami Hospital located in a rural area in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional research design. The research took place at Mamami Hospital, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, from April 5 to August 8, 2021. The research comprised a total of 30 health workers who served as the participants in this study. Results: Immunoserology results show that 1 respondent was non-reactive and 2 had antibody results < 10. There were 7 respondents with antibody results > 10 - 40. Serological antibodies > 40 - 80 were found in 3 respondents. Serological antibodies > 80 - 120 were not found. Serological antibodies > 120 - 160 were found in 3 respondents. One respondent had serological antibodies ranging from 160 to 200, while 13 respondents had antibodies ranging from 200 to 400. Conclusion: In the present study, inactivated SARS COV-2 virus vaccine significantly contributed to the acquisition of anti-SARS-CoV-2S antibodies of 30 health workers.
{"title":"Antibody responses induced by inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus in healthcare workers at a rural hospital in Indonesia","authors":"Efrisca M. Br. Damanik, Herman P.L. Wungouw, Anita Lidesna Shinta Amat","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.2801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.2801","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Vaccines from various manufacturers have shown their efficacy against COVID-19 globally. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the immune response in subjects after the second vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus at Mamami Hospital located in a rural area in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional research design. The research took place at Mamami Hospital, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, from April 5 to August 8, 2021. The research comprised a total of 30 health workers who served as the participants in this study. Results: Immunoserology results show that 1 respondent was non-reactive and 2 had antibody results < 10. There were 7 respondents with antibody results > 10 - 40. Serological antibodies > 40 - 80 were found in 3 respondents. Serological antibodies > 80 - 120 were not found. Serological antibodies > 120 - 160 were found in 3 respondents. One respondent had serological antibodies ranging from 160 to 200, while 13 respondents had antibodies ranging from 200 to 400. Conclusion: In the present study, inactivated SARS COV-2 virus vaccine significantly contributed to the acquisition of anti-SARS-CoV-2S antibodies of 30 health workers.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: It is crucial to identify the burden of post COVID long-term morbidity denoted as long-COVID. Our study aims to determine prevalence of Long-COVID and to identify indicators which can predict chances of developing this condition. The aim was to study the persisting symptoms and predictors for long-COVID in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: All patients hospitalized with acute COVID-19 infection from 1st April 2021 to 30th June 2021 with a positive RT-PCR were followed up through telephonic interview after 6 months of discharge. All clinical, laboratory, radiological data of patients during their hospital admission was retrieved from medical records. Current physical and psychological symptom burden (PHQ2 score) was recorded using a structured questionnaire and analysed. Results: Total of 101 patients were included. Mean age was 47yrs. M: F=2:1. Mean number of hospital stays was 7 days (1-34). Most patients needed admission on 5th day of illness (1-14). Mean CRP, D Dimer and Ferritin values were 77 mg/dl, 335 ng/ml, 414 microgram/ml respectively. Mean CT severity score was 12. The most common comorbidity was Type 2 Diabetes mellitus followed by hypertension. Of all patients, 16 % had symptoms of long COVID during 6 months post COVID infection. Most common symptoms were fatigue (60%), exercise intolerance (55%), cough (18%), breathlessness (18%), disturbed sleep quality (10%) and depression in 9.7% of patients as assessed by PHQ2 Score (1-6). None of the predictive factors were found to have statistically significant correlation with development of Long- COVID. Conclusion: Of all patients hospitalised with COVID-19, 16 % had long COVID symptoms at 6 months assessment. Majority had fatigue and exercise intolerance but one tenth also had depression. Multispecialty COVID follow up clinics are necessary for further assessment and rehabilitation of these patients.
前言和目的:确定新冠肺炎后长期发病负担至关重要。我们的研究旨在确定长冠状病毒的患病率，并确定可以预测这种情况发生几率的指标。目的是研究COVID-19患者长期持续的症状和预测因素。材料与方法:对2021年4月1日至2021年6月30日住院的RT-PCR阳性的急性COVID-19感染患者出院6个月后进行电话随访。从医疗记录中检索患者入院期间的所有临床、实验室和放射学数据。采用结构化问卷记录当前生理和心理症状负担(PHQ2评分)并进行分析。结果:共纳入101例患者。平均年龄47岁。M: F = 2:1。平均住院时间为7天(1 ~ 34天)。大多数患者在发病第5天入院(1-14)。CRP、D二聚体和铁蛋白的平均值分别为77 mg/dl、335 ng/ml、414微克/ml。CT严重程度平均评分为12分。最常见的合并症是2型糖尿病，其次是高血压。在所有患者中，16%的患者在COVID感染后6个月内出现长时间COVID症状。最常见的症状是疲劳(60%)、运动不耐受(55%)、咳嗽(18%)、呼吸困难(18%)、睡眠质量紊乱(10%)和抑郁(9.7%的患者通过PHQ2评分(1-6)进行评估。未发现任何预测因素与Long- COVID的发生有统计学显著相关。结论:在所有因COVID-19住院的患者中，16%的患者在6个月评估时症状持续时间较长。大多数人都有疲劳和运动不耐症，但十分之一的人也有抑郁症。为进一步评估和康复这些患者，需要多专业COVID随访诊所。
{"title":"Physical and psychological symptom burden from long Covid and correlation with clinico-radiological and biochemical profile of hospitalized patients with acute COVID-19 due to Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Jayamol Revendran, Meenakshi Narasimhan","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3144","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: It is crucial to identify the burden of post COVID long-term morbidity denoted as long-COVID. Our study aims to determine prevalence of Long-COVID and to identify indicators which can predict chances of developing this condition. The aim was to study the persisting symptoms and predictors for long-COVID in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: All patients hospitalized with acute COVID-19 infection from 1st April 2021 to 30th June 2021 with a positive RT-PCR were followed up through telephonic interview after 6 months of discharge. All clinical, laboratory, radiological data of patients during their hospital admission was retrieved from medical records. Current physical and psychological symptom burden (PHQ2 score) was recorded using a structured questionnaire and analysed. Results: Total of 101 patients were included. Mean age was 47yrs. M: F=2:1. Mean number of hospital stays was 7 days (1-34). Most patients needed admission on 5th day of illness (1-14). Mean CRP, D Dimer and Ferritin values were 77 mg/dl, 335 ng/ml, 414 microgram/ml respectively. Mean CT severity score was 12. The most common comorbidity was Type 2 Diabetes mellitus followed by hypertension. Of all patients, 16 % had symptoms of long COVID during 6 months post COVID infection. Most common symptoms were fatigue (60%), exercise intolerance (55%), cough (18%), breathlessness (18%), disturbed sleep quality (10%) and depression in 9.7% of patients as assessed by PHQ2 Score (1-6). None of the predictive factors were found to have statistically significant correlation with development of Long- COVID. Conclusion: Of all patients hospitalised with COVID-19, 16 % had long COVID symptoms at 6 months assessment. Majority had fatigue and exercise intolerance but one tenth also had depression. Multispecialty COVID follow up clinics are necessary for further assessment and rehabilitation of these patients.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Hilal Hussain, Shah Mohammad Abbas Waseem, Hamid Ashraf, Syed Haider Husaini Mehdi
Introduction and Aim: The burden of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes will increase in the coming decade. Vitamin D deficiency and HbA1C variability are risk factors for diabetic neuropathy, and the association was studied in the present study. Materials and Methods: Data from 346 Type II diabetes patients reporting in a tertiary care Hospital in North India after approval of the ethics committee was analyzed. Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) was used to screen the patients for neuropathy. Vitamin D levels were measured. Four HbA1C levels (once every three months) done at least one-year preceding enrolment in the study were analyzed. A nerve conduction study was performed in the Neurophysiology lab. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Results: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) was present in 54.91% of patients. They had a higher BMI, HbA1C %, fasting blood glucose, and low Vitamin D levels. Nerve conduction studies showed more pronounced changes in patients with severe DPN grades. Variability of HbA1C% correlated positively with the duration of diabetes and BMI, and the relation was negative with vitamin D levels. Vitamin D correlated negatively with duration, Hb A1C variability, and BMI. The correlation of HbA1C variability with motor and sensory conduction velocity and amplitude was negative, and with latency, it was positive. Vitamin D correlated positively with amplitude and conduction velocity and negatively with latency. Conclusion: Nerve conduction study, variability in HBA1C, and Vitamin D levels can act as tools to detect DPN. Vitamin D is a modifiable risk factor that needs monitoring in people with diabetes.
{"title":"Correlation of peripheral neuropathy with serum vitamin D levels and HbA1C variations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients","authors":"Syed Hilal Hussain, Shah Mohammad Abbas Waseem, Hamid Ashraf, Syed Haider Husaini Mehdi","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3646","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: The burden of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes will increase in the coming decade. Vitamin D deficiency and HbA1C variability are risk factors for diabetic neuropathy, and the association was studied in the present study. Materials and Methods: Data from 346 Type II diabetes patients reporting in a tertiary care Hospital in North India after approval of the ethics committee was analyzed. Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) was used to screen the patients for neuropathy. Vitamin D levels were measured. Four HbA1C levels (once every three months) done at least one-year preceding enrolment in the study were analyzed. A nerve conduction study was performed in the Neurophysiology lab. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Results: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) was present in 54.91% of patients. They had a higher BMI, HbA1C %, fasting blood glucose, and low Vitamin D levels. Nerve conduction studies showed more pronounced changes in patients with severe DPN grades. Variability of HbA1C% correlated positively with the duration of diabetes and BMI, and the relation was negative with vitamin D levels. Vitamin D correlated negatively with duration, Hb A1C variability, and BMI. The correlation of HbA1C variability with motor and sensory conduction velocity and amplitude was negative, and with latency, it was positive. Vitamin D correlated positively with amplitude and conduction velocity and negatively with latency. Conclusion: Nerve conduction study, variability in HBA1C, and Vitamin D levels can act as tools to detect DPN. Vitamin D is a modifiable risk factor that needs monitoring in people with diabetes.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Psychological effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are frequently present in addition to neurological deficits. The purpose of this study is to assess the emotional state of patients with mild TBI in the remote period. Methods: This study included 78 patients aged 22–53 years with a reliably established diagnosis of mild TBI, with damage duration ranging from 1–5 years. The mean age was (34.6±3.2 years). To determine the level of anxiety, the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale was used. Results: The testing revealed that patients with suicidal thoughts had a significantly higher level of anxiety (34.2%) than the patients with TBI in the main group (27.5%). Comparative analysis between the two groups showed that the uselessness was more characteristic for suicides (22.8±0.14), who considered themselves completely useless than patients with TBI (20.6±1.36) with reliability (t = 4.2; p<0.001). Conclusion: Due to the damage that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can do to the body, especially to mental health, it is important to use medical and psychosocial rehabilitation as early as possible in the treatment stage to figure out the type and severity of the psychoemotional disorder and correct the psychosomatic state using psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic effects.
{"title":"Emotional state of patients with mild traumatic brain injury","authors":"Venera Kemelova, Dzhamalbek Turgumbaev, Gulina Sydykova, Gulzira Baigazhanova","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3375","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Psychological effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are frequently present in addition to neurological deficits. The purpose of this study is to assess the emotional state of patients with mild TBI in the remote period. Methods: This study included 78 patients aged 22–53 years with a reliably established diagnosis of mild TBI, with damage duration ranging from 1–5 years. The mean age was (34.6±3.2 years). To determine the level of anxiety, the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale was used. Results: The testing revealed that patients with suicidal thoughts had a significantly higher level of anxiety (34.2%) than the patients with TBI in the main group (27.5%). Comparative analysis between the two groups showed that the uselessness was more characteristic for suicides (22.8±0.14), who considered themselves completely useless than patients with TBI (20.6±1.36) with reliability (t = 4.2; p<0.001). Conclusion: Due to the damage that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can do to the body, especially to mental health, it is important to use medical and psychosocial rehabilitation as early as possible in the treatment stage to figure out the type and severity of the psychoemotional disorder and correct the psychosomatic state using psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic effects.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Cesarean sections (CS) are a medically indicated and effective method for reducing maternal and perinatal mortality. The incidence of CS has increased in developed as well as developing countries over the past few decades. The objective of this study is to analyze the distribution of births according to the Robson classification and to assess ways to reduce the frequency of CS. Methods: This is a retrospective study based on records of the delivery histories of 18,125 female patients in the maternity department of the Kyrgyz Research Center for Human Reproduction, conducted using Robson classification. Results: However, the parameters also showed a statistically significant decrease in the highest number of patients in group 3 by -18.9% (from 40.6% to 32.9%) and group 1 by -9.9% (from 29.2% to 26.3%) in 2022 compared to 2016, p<0.001. Despite their low specific weights, the 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 groups showed a significant increase despite their small numbers. Conclusion: Despite their low proportion but massive increase in indicators, the small number of groups 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 may contribute to perinatal mortality and morbidity, highlighting the need for rigorous monitoring and control of pregnant women in these groups.
{"title":"Ways to reduce the incidence of cesarean sections according to the Robson classification","authors":"Violetta Vybornykh, Nurgul Shoonaeva, Bektemir Kyzy Zarema, Altynai Zhumabekova","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3376","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Cesarean sections (CS) are a medically indicated and effective method for reducing maternal and perinatal mortality. The incidence of CS has increased in developed as well as developing countries over the past few decades. The objective of this study is to analyze the distribution of births according to the Robson classification and to assess ways to reduce the frequency of CS. Methods: This is a retrospective study based on records of the delivery histories of 18,125 female patients in the maternity department of the Kyrgyz Research Center for Human Reproduction, conducted using Robson classification. Results: However, the parameters also showed a statistically significant decrease in the highest number of patients in group 3 by -18.9% (from 40.6% to 32.9%) and group 1 by -9.9% (from 29.2% to 26.3%) in 2022 compared to 2016, p<0.001. Despite their low specific weights, the 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 groups showed a significant increase despite their small numbers. Conclusion: Despite their low proportion but massive increase in indicators, the small number of groups 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 may contribute to perinatal mortality and morbidity, highlighting the need for rigorous monitoring and control of pregnant women in these groups.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: The most popular treatment for treating severe and irreversible renal failure is hemodialysis. Even under the greatest circumstances, getting used to kidney failure's consequences and the time spent on dialysis may be challenging. In addition to the ‘lost time’, the patient could feel less energetic.. This pilot research aims to assess the efficacy of video-assisted teaching on selective nurse-led clinical interventions to improve knowledge, physiological and psychological outcomes and reduce the symptom burden among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Materials and Methods: Forty hemodialysis patients were recruited and randomly allocated to intervention (n = 20) and control groups (n = 20) using an evaluative pre-test and post-test repeated measure study design with the control group. Patients in the intervention group received intervention in terms of Watching a video clip (40 minutes) - the video consist of disease condition, hemodialysis, dietary habits, fluid restriction, sleep hygiene, meditation, and yoga techniques, for two weeks after pre-test, later practice session, and group discussion along with Individualised teaching and counseling session, finally a regular weekly follow up at dialysis unit, while the control group received only routine care.
Results: In the intervention group there was a gradual increase in knowledge, coping and QoL (quality of life), reduction in stress and symptom burden, and physiological outcomes remain the same without much change. In the control group, they did not change the knowledge, physiological and psychological outcomes, and symptom burden in most of the patients.
Conclusion: For enhancing knowledge, physiological and psychological results, and symptom load, nurse-led clinical treatments are helpful, safe, essential, natural therapies that may be carried out under supervision both during hemodialysis and at home. Nurse-led clinical interventions integrated into routine care shall lead to improvements in patients’ life.
{"title":"Effectiveness of nurse-led clinical interventions on knowledge, physiological and psychological outcomes, and symptom burden among patients undergoing hemodialysis -Part 1 pilot study","authors":"Shobha Kadabahalli Rajanna, Larissa Martha Sams","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3649","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: The most popular treatment for treating severe and irreversible renal failure is hemodialysis. Even under the greatest circumstances, getting used to kidney failure's consequences and the time spent on dialysis may be challenging. In addition to the ‘lost time’, the patient could feel less energetic.. This pilot research aims to assess the efficacy of video-assisted teaching on selective nurse-led clinical interventions to improve knowledge, physiological and psychological outcomes and reduce the symptom burden among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
 
 Materials and Methods: Forty hemodialysis patients were recruited and randomly allocated to intervention (n = 20) and control groups (n = 20) using an evaluative pre-test and post-test repeated measure study design with the control group. Patients in the intervention group received intervention in terms of Watching a video clip (40 minutes) - the video consist of disease condition, hemodialysis, dietary habits, fluid restriction, sleep hygiene, meditation, and yoga techniques, for two weeks after pre-test, later practice session, and group discussion along with Individualised teaching and counseling session, finally a regular weekly follow up at dialysis unit, while the control group received only routine care.
 
 Results: In the intervention group there was a gradual increase in knowledge, coping and QoL (quality of life), reduction in stress and symptom burden, and physiological outcomes remain the same without much change. In the control group, they did not change the knowledge, physiological and psychological outcomes, and symptom burden in most of the patients. 
 
 Conclusion: For enhancing knowledge, physiological and psychological results, and symptom load, nurse-led clinical treatments are helpful, safe, essential, natural therapies that may be carried out under supervision both during hemodialysis and at home. Nurse-led clinical interventions integrated into routine care shall lead to improvements in patients’ life.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Gram-negative bacterium Proteus vulgaris is found in animal and human guts. This bacterium can cause renal and vesical calculi, septicemia, and wound infection-related pyrexia. Antibiotics may not cure respiratory infections. This study infected rabbits with a virulent strain of P. vulgaris from bovine mastitis to examine metabolic and histological changes in various organs. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on twenty domestic rabbits of both sexes which were divided into two groups. The first group received 1010 CFUml of virulent Proteus vulgaris subcutaneously. While the second group (control) received subcutaneously 1 cc of phosphate buffered saline (pH = 7.2). On 3,7, 14 days of infection, the animals were checked for their biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, blood urea and creatinine). Histological alterations in various organs were also studied. Results: The infected group showed substantial increases (P0.01) in liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) at 3, 7, and 14 days compared to the control group. In contrast, the infected group showed a substantial rise (P 0.01) in blood urea and creatinine levels at 3, 7, and 14 days compared to pre-infection levels and the control group. Histological analysis of lung tissue showed dilated alveolar gaps with hemorrhagic and fibrinous exudates and many alveolar macrophages. These findings included pulmonary vasodilation and congestion. Intramuscular edema, cellular infiltration, intramuscular hemorrhage, and congestion was present in heart tissue with little muscle fiber separation. The intestines had significant patch proliferation and mononuclear cell infiltration. Blood vascular congestion and mononuclear cell infiltration were also seen in the liver and kidney. Conclusion: Experimental infection with pathogenic bacterium Proteus vulgaris raised rabbits' blood urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase. Cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, intestinal, and pulmonary tissues showed significant postmortem changes.
{"title":"Evaluation of liver and renal function tests together with histopathological alterations in rabbits infected with a virulent strain of Proteus vulgaris","authors":"Khalid Mahmood Hammadi","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3571","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Gram-negative bacterium Proteus vulgaris is found in animal and human guts. This bacterium can cause renal and vesical calculi, septicemia, and wound infection-related pyrexia. Antibiotics may not cure respiratory infections. This study infected rabbits with a virulent strain of P. vulgaris from bovine mastitis to examine metabolic and histological changes in various organs. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on twenty domestic rabbits of both sexes which were divided into two groups. The first group received 1010 CFUml of virulent Proteus vulgaris subcutaneously. While the second group (control) received subcutaneously 1 cc of phosphate buffered saline (pH = 7.2). On 3,7, 14 days of infection, the animals were checked for their biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, blood urea and creatinine). Histological alterations in various organs were also studied. Results: The infected group showed substantial increases (P0.01) in liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) at 3, 7, and 14 days compared to the control group. In contrast, the infected group showed a substantial rise (P 0.01) in blood urea and creatinine levels at 3, 7, and 14 days compared to pre-infection levels and the control group. Histological analysis of lung tissue showed dilated alveolar gaps with hemorrhagic and fibrinous exudates and many alveolar macrophages. These findings included pulmonary vasodilation and congestion. Intramuscular edema, cellular infiltration, intramuscular hemorrhage, and congestion was present in heart tissue with little muscle fiber separation. The intestines had significant patch proliferation and mononuclear cell infiltration. Blood vascular congestion and mononuclear cell infiltration were also seen in the liver and kidney. Conclusion: Experimental infection with pathogenic bacterium Proteus vulgaris raised rabbits' blood urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase. Cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, intestinal, and pulmonary tissues showed significant postmortem changes.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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