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Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa最新文献

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[To the 100th anniversary of the birth of MD, PhD, professor Lyusik Oganesovna Barsegyants]. [纪念医学博士、哲学博士、教授柳西克-奥加涅索夫娜-巴尔谢扬茨诞辰 100 周年]。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20246702167
Yu A Solokhin, M L Danielyan

The article presents information about the life and activity of the outstanding scientist, professor L.O. Barsegyants.

文章介绍了杰出科学家 L.O. Barsegyants 教授的生平和活动。
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引用次数: 0
[Assessment of histological changes in the lungs and Bax and Bcl-2 expression in bronchial epithelium, alveolar type 1 cells and neutrophils of rats in poisoning with baclofen]. [巴氯芬中毒大鼠肺部组织学变化及支气管上皮细胞、肺泡 1 型细胞和中性粒细胞中 Bax 和 Bcl-2 表达的评估]。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20246705136
O L Romanova, M L Blagonravov, P G Dzhuvalyakov, V I Torshin, E Kh Barinov, A V Ershov, M A Kislov

Objective: To study the histological changes in lung of rats, evaluate their dynamics and determine the Bax and Bcl-2 genes expression in bronchial epithelium, alveolar type 1 cells and neutrophils at different times after the administration of baclofen.

Material and methods: The experiment was conducted on 20 mature (at the age of 20 weeks) male Wistar rats with a mass of 290-350 g, distributed in 4 groups (5 rats in each). Animals in the control group did not receive baclofen. Rats in experimental groups received baclofen at a dose of 85 mg/kg: in the 1st group, the experiment duration was 3 hours (time to maximum observed blood drug concentration); in the 2nd group - 4.5 h (drug half-life and time to maximum observed concentration of the main drug's metabolite - beta-[p-chlorophenyl])-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in the blood); in the 3rd group - 24 h.

Results: A complex of pathological reactions developed in lungs of experimental animals when baclofen muscle relaxant was administered, namely circulatory disturbances at all levels of the microvasculature (venular and capillary congestion, hemorrhages in the interalveolar septums, alveoli, sludge), emphysema, sites of which punctuated with atelectases and dystelectases. The complex of pathological changes in the lungs had a certain dynamics and reached its highest severity by the 24th hour. Bax expression was strong, while Bcl-2 expression was moderate in the immunohistochemical (IHC) study of bronchical epithelium and alveolar type 1 cells, Bax and Bcl-2 expression in neutrophils was moderate in rats of the 1st group. The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was strong in the bronchial epithelium and alveolar type 1 cells, the expression of Bax in neutrophils was moderate, and BCL-2 - strong in animals of the 2nd group. The expression of Bax in bronchial epithelium and alveolar type 1 cells was moderate, expression of Bcl-2 in bronchial epithelium and alveolar type 1 cells - strong, expression of Bax in neutrophils - weak and expression of Bcl-2 - strong among the rats of the 3rd group.

Conclusion: The complex of pathological changes in lungs had a certain dynamic. Data on the histological changes in lungs in combination with the results of the chemical study, can be used to diagnose the poisoning by baclofen and to establish the time since the drug was administered. The results obtained during the IHC study suggest the involvement of apoptosis in the development of lesion of bronchial epithelium and alveolar type 1 cells. In addition, the expression of Bcl-2 in epithelial cells may play a role in the process of their regeneration.

研究目的研究巴氯芬给药后不同时间大鼠肺组织学变化,评估其动态变化,并测定支气管上皮、肺泡 1 型细胞和中性粒细胞中 Bax 和 Bcl-2 基因的表达:实验对象为 20 只成熟(20 周龄)的雄性 Wistar 大鼠,体重为 290-350 克,分为 4 组(每组 5 只)。对照组动物不接受巴氯芬治疗。实验组大鼠接受的巴氯芬剂量为 85 毫克/千克:第一组的实验持续时间为 3 小时(观察到血液中药物浓度最大值的时间);第二组为 4.5 小时(药物半衰期和观察到血液中主要药物代谢物-β-[对氯苯基])-γ-羟丁酸浓度最大值的时间);第三组为 24 小时:给实验动物服用巴氯芬肌肉松弛剂后,其肺部出现了复杂的病理反应,即各级微血管的循环障碍(静脉和毛细血管充血、肺泡间隔膜出血、肺泡淤血)、肺气肿,肺气肿部位伴有电解质酶和半电解质酶。肺部的病理变化具有一定的动态性,在第 24 小时达到最严重的程度。第一组大鼠支气管上皮细胞和肺泡 1 型细胞的免疫组织化学(IHC)研究显示,Bax 的表达较强,而 Bcl-2 的表达中等,中性粒细胞中 Bax 和 Bcl-2 的表达中等。第 2 组大鼠支气管上皮和肺泡 1 型细胞中的 Bax 和 Bcl-2 表达较强,中性粒细胞中的 Bax 表达中等,BCL-2 表达较强。第 3 组大鼠支气管上皮和肺泡 1 型细胞中 Bax 的表达为中等,支气管上皮和肺泡 1 型细胞中 Bcl-2 的表达为强,中性粒细胞中 Bax 的表达为弱,Bcl-2 的表达为强:肺部病理变化的复杂性具有一定的动态性。肺部组织学变化数据与化学研究结果相结合,可用于诊断巴氯芬中毒,并确定给药时间。IHC 研究的结果表明,支气管上皮细胞和肺泡 1 型细胞凋亡参与了病变的发展。此外,上皮细胞中 Bcl-2 的表达可能在其再生过程中发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
[Incidence of sudden cardiac death among diseases of the circulatory system during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Penza region]. [奔萨地区 COVID-19 大流行期间循环系统疾病中心脏性猝死的发生率]。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20246705110
N S Averkin, M G Fedorova, N I Mikulyak, O I Illarionova, I A Sorokin, D S Efremova

Objective: To study the incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among overall and primary morbidity of diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as several years before it in urban and rural populations of the Penza region.

Material and methods: Statistical analysis of data using correlation (Pearson's coefficient), regression methods, t-test was performed to determine the significance of results.

Results: The higher incidence of DCS among men in urban areas has been found. COVID-19 morbidity did not cause an increase in the incidence of SCD in the rural population in comparison with primary DCS morbidity, which was strongly correlated with the prevalence of novel coronavirus infection.

目的研究在 COVID-19 大流行期间以及在此之前几年奔萨州城市和农村人口中循环系统疾病(DCS)总发病率和主要发病率中心脏性猝死(SCD)的发病率:采用相关性(皮尔逊系数)、回归法和 t 检验法对数据进行统计分析,以确定结果的显著性:结果:发现城市地区男性 DCS 发病率较高。与原发性 DCS 发病率相比,COVID-19 发病率并未导致农村人口 SCD 发病率的增加,而原发性 DCS 发病率与新型冠状病毒感染率密切相关。
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引用次数: 0
[Forensic characteristic of drowning cases in the Russian Federation for the period from 2013 to 2022]. [2013年至2022年期间俄罗斯联邦溺水案件的法医特征]。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20246704111
G V Zolotenkova, P V Minaeva, D A Sheptulin, D P Kalashnikov

Objective: To study forensic characteristic of drowning mortality cases in the Russian Federation for the period from 2013 to 2022.

Material and methods: Dynamics and territorial specificity of drowning (in absolute values and in terms of 100 thous. population), proportion of histological examinations, cases of ethanol detection in the blood upon the occurrence of death by drowning and the proportion of children under 14 years among deceased from drowning.

Results and conclusion: The evidence suggests the necessity for intersectoral approaches of preventive measures creation. The results of the study could be used to establish a monitoring system as part of a national water safety strategy.

目的:研究 2013 年至 2022 年期间俄罗斯联邦溺水死亡案例的法医特征:研究 2013 年至 2022 年期间俄罗斯联邦溺水死亡案件的法医特征:溺水死亡的动态和地区特异性(绝对值和以 10 万人口为单位)、组织学检查比例、溺水死亡时血液中乙醇检测案例以及溺水死亡者中 14 岁以下儿童的比例:有证据表明,有必要采取跨部门方法制定预防措施。研究结果可用于建立监测系统,作为国家水安全战略的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
[Forensic characteristic of sudden death cases in subjects with metabolic syndrome]. [代谢综合征患者猝死案例的法医特征]。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20246704154
Yu I Pigolkin, P S Velenko, E A Gritsenko, S N Zakharov, A A Bychkov

Comparing pace and standard of living of the world population these days and in the end of the last century, it's quiet true that there has been a significant increase. Therewith, the number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases has increased in recent decades. Scientists around the world attribute this fact to the increase in the number of people with overweight and other metabolic disorders. Unhealthy lifestyle, namely unbalanced diet, stress, bad habits (smoking, alcohol abuse) leads to metabolic disorders and metabolic syndrome development, that, in turn, can be the main risk factor for complications of associated diseases leading to fatal outcome. The present study gives a forensic description of sudden death in metabolic syndrome, its pathomorphological features were investigated, the causes of death were shown, as well as their relationship with biochemical abnormalities in the body.

与上世纪末相比,当今世界人口的生活节奏和水平确实有了显著提高。因此,近几十年来死于心血管疾病的人数也在增加。全世界的科学家将这一事实归因于超重和其他代谢紊乱患者人数的增加。不健康的生活方式,即不均衡的饮食、压力、不良生活习惯(吸烟、酗酒)会导致代谢紊乱和代谢综合征的发生,而代谢紊乱和代谢综合征又是导致相关疾病并发症的主要风险因素。本研究对代谢综合征猝死进行了法医描述,调查了其病理形态特征,显示了死亡原因及其与体内生化异常的关系。
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引用次数: 0
[Diagnostic criteria of death cause from low temperature in air and water established by traditional expert examination methods]. [传统专家检查方法确定的空气和水中低温导致死亡的诊断标准]。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20246703129
A Yu Chudakov, A P Bozhchenko, Yu A Khrustaleva, I A Tolmachev, V V Gayvoronskaya

Death from general hypothermia is one of the leading causes in the structure of violent death in the Russian Federation.

Objective: To clarify and supplement the complex of differential diagnostic macro- and microscopic signs of a fatal acute general cold trauma received when person is in the air and water.

Material and methods: The conclusions of forensic medical experts on the bodies of people who died from hypothermia in the air and in water (by 150 observations) were analyzed. Methods of descriptive statistics, calculation of the frequency ratio of signs' occurrence were used.

Results: The article provides quantitative assessment of occurrence (detection) rate of diagnostically significant signs established with the help of traditional methods of expert examination. A new classification of diagnostic death signs from hypothermia taking into account their differential diagnostic significance and reflecting the conditions of a person's stay in the air and water in the pre-mortem and post-mortem periods, as well as terminal period mechanisms is proposed.

Conclusion: The established complexes of signs provide an objective basis for determining death cause in non-obvious conditions when cold exposure is expected to be one of the most damaging factors.

在俄罗斯联邦,全身体温过低导致的死亡是暴力死亡的主要原因之一:材料和方法:法医专家对在空气中和水中因体温过低死亡的尸体进行了研究:分析了法医专家对在空气中和水中因体温过低而死亡者尸体的结论(150 例观察结果)。采用了描述性统计、计算体征发生频率比等方法:文章对借助传统专家检查方法确定的具有诊断意义的体征的出现(检测)率进行了定量评估。结果:文章对借助传统专家检查方法建立的具有诊断意义的体征的发生(检出)率进行了量化评估。考虑到体征的不同诊断意义,并反映了人在死前和死后的空气和水中停留的条件以及临终阶段的机制,提出了低体温症死亡诊断体征的新分类:结论:当寒冷暴露被认为是最有害的因素之一时,已建立的体征复合体为在非明显条件下确定死因提供了客观依据。
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引用次数: 0
[Laboratory examinations in forensic medical expertises on crimes against sexual integrity and sexual freedom]. [关于侵犯性完整和性自由罪的法医专家实验室检查]。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20246703110
A L Fedorovtsev, E I Koroleva, I S Edelev, N S Edelev

The article presents the results of analysis of 482 forensic biological and forensic cytological expertises on cases of sexual crimes. A presence of different types of such crimes has been noted. Expertises' effectiveness when examining content of vagina, oral cavity and rectum, impression smears and lavages from suspects' genital organs, subungual content of victims and suspects and other objects has been determined. The dependence of expertises' effectiveness on the terms of object removal has been noted. The article presents a number of objects' examination methods (luminescent-microscopic spermatozoids' identification, diagnosis of cells origin from mucous membranes of the vagina and oral cavity, determination of group belonging of specific cells in specimens, diagnosis of fecal masses presence) allowing to improve expertises' quality.

文章介绍了对 482 例性犯罪案件的法医生物学和法医细胞学鉴定的分析结果。文章指出了此类犯罪的不同类型。专家在检查阴道、口腔和直肠内容物、犯罪嫌疑人生殖器官的印模涂片和灌洗液、受害者和犯罪 嫌疑人的舌下内容物以及其他物体时的有效性已经确定。文章指出,专家的工作效率取决于移除物体的条件。文章介绍了多种物体检查方法(发光显微镜精子鉴定、阴道和口腔黏膜细胞来源诊断、标本中特定细胞群归属确定、粪便块存在诊断),有助于提高专家质量。
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引用次数: 0
[Morphology of sternum for formation of the biological profile of unidentified individual]. [胸骨形态学用于形成身份不明者的生物特征]。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20246703160
G V Zolotenkova, T A Tareeva

Identification of a person by general group characteristics does not lose its relevance over a long period. An analysis of publications (2000-2023) devoted to the possibilities of using the sternum to determine gender and age showed a fairly large amount of work on this topic, with very promising results. The trend in the development of this area is the use of modern methods of medical imaging. This becomes the starting point for conducting such studies on the territory of the Russian Federation and developing a methodology that includes the Russian population, taking into account their population characteristics.

通过一般群体特征来识别一个人在很长一段时间内都不会失去其相关性。对专门研究利用胸骨确定性别和年龄的可能性的出版物(2000-2023 年)进行的分析表明,在这一主题上开展了相当多的工作,并取得了非常可喜的成果。这一领域的发展趋势是使用现代医学成像方法。这成为在俄罗斯联邦领土上开展此类研究的起点,并根据俄罗斯人口的特点,制定出包括俄罗 斯人口在内的方法。
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引用次数: 0
[Mechanical asphyxia in the structure of violent death in the Russian Federation from 2013 to 2022 years]. [2013年至2022年俄罗斯联邦暴力死亡结构中的机械性窒息]。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20246702112
G V Zolotenkova, P V Minaeva, N V Polukhin, D P Kalashnikov

The objective of the study is to examine the death incidence from mechanical asphyxia in the Russian Federation in the period from 2013 to 2022 yr., to determine the dynamics of changes in indicators of its main types and to reveal territorial specificity. The results obtained with the use of medical statistics methods can be applied to implement measures for health protection, prevent risk factors of fatal outcome among population, to improve the training of forensic medical experts.

本研究的目的是调查 2013 年至 2022 年期间俄罗斯联邦机械性窒息死亡的发生率,确定其主要类型指标的动态变化,并揭示地区特殊性。利用医学统计方法得出的结果可用于实施健康保护措施、预防人口中致命结果的风险因素、改善法医专家的培训。
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引用次数: 0
[Is this iatrogenic pathology or rare disease?] [这是先天性病理还是罕见疾病?]
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20246703145
O D Yagmurov, E P Fedotova, V A Fetisov, E Yu Kalinina, Z V Davydova, Yu V Shabanova

The article is devoted to the problem of diagnosis and treatment strategy of Buerger's disease rarely found in the expert and clinical practice, that is inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, affecting mainly small and medium arteries and veins of limbs. Vascular surgeons around the world have been solving this problem for many years, both in terms of timely diagnosis of this disease and its proper pathogenic treatment. The authors of the article described an expert case of Buerger's disease larvated course in 15-years-old girl, which primarily was mistakenly assessed by specialists as iatrogenic pathology of right forearm vessels in injecting aminazin solution that, according to the clinicians' opinion, led to dry gangrene formation of right wrist and its subsequent amputation. The results of the forensic histological study and retrospective analysis of all child's medical documents allowed to correctly diagnose this rare pathology but only on the stage of commission forensic medical examination in the framework of the initiated criminal proceeding against several leading medical organizations in Saint-Petersburg with a pediatric profile. The authors noted the role of routine medical manipulation in manifestation of larvated pathologic process in a teenage girl in addition to full health and well-being. The objective of present article is devoted to understanding this problem.

布格氏病是一种病因不明的炎症性疾病,主要累及四肢的中小动脉和静脉。多年来,世界各地的血管外科医生一直在解决这个问题,既要及时诊断这种疾病,又要进行正确的病因治疗。文章作者描述了一个 15 岁女孩布格氏病幼虫病程的专家病例,该病例主要被专家误认为是右前臂血管在注射氨基嗪溶液时发生的先天性病变,根据临床医生的意见,该病例导致右腕干性坏疽形成,随后被截肢。法医组织学研究的结果和对所有儿童医疗文件的回顾性分析使我们能够正确诊断出这种罕见的病症,但这只是在对圣彼得堡几家具有儿科背景的主要医疗机构提起刑事诉讼的框架内进行委托法医检查的阶段。作者指出,除了完全健康和良好的身体状况外,常规医疗操作在少女幼虫病变过程中也发挥了作 用。本文的目的就在于了解这一问题。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa
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