Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa最新文献

The goal: Is to describe the occurrence of the Rhizophagus parallelocollis graveyard beetle in inhumated bodies in forensic practice and to evaluate the potential for establishing an accurate date of burial based on entomological analysis of the presence of Rh. parallelocollis in the remains. Numerous accumulations of graveyard beetle fragments were found in cadavers buried at a depth of 2.0-2.5 meters in the vicinity of Smolensk in 2013. The collected materials consisted mainly of individual body parts (pronotum, head, abdomen, and elytral). The highly developed sense of smell of these beetles allows them to detect corpses and migrate to depths of several meters by freely penetrating wooden coffins and metal boxes. The highest concentration of beetles were observed in hollow structures (skulls, leather shoes). The occurrence of Rh. parallelocollis on inhumation bodies is directly correlated with the duration of time the beetles have spent at the site. The discovery of large numbers of beetle remains (more than 5.000) indicates the age of the buried material and the estimated period of burial - 1941-1945.

Computed tomography is one of the leading methods of neurovisualization. A number of issues remain unclear, especially regarding the use of computed tomography results in forensic practice, despite the long existence of this method. The formation age of traumatic intracranial subdural hematomas (TISDHs) is one of such issues. The article presents the results of own study on the possibilities of age determination of acute TISDHs using the data of a head computed tomography. The authors concluded that the investigation of this issue is promising, identified certain parameters of TISDHs that should be considered when determining the age of TISHDs in acute period.

Objective: Implementation of the control method to validate previously obtained calibration functions according to GOST R ISO 11095-2007 using Reference Materials (RM): standard RMs - aqueous solutions of ethanol, produced and certified by the organization, and internal RMs - aqueous solutions of ethanol in different concentrations, developed by the user for internal use.

Material and methods: We applied the control method in accordance with the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST R ISO 11095-2007 using the standard and internal RMs - aqueous ethanol solutions in different concentrations. Measurements were performed for two subranges of ethanol concentrations on standard and internal RMs in accordance with the certified method.

Results and conclusion: Control charts based on experimental data confirmed that the system was in a controlled state, and the calibration function required no updates on Day 7. No studied values fell outside the upper and lower control limits on the control charts. The uncertainty of the transformed values was assessed during the calibration function validation.

Hyaluronic acid is widely used as an injectable dermal filler in medicine, especially in plastic surgery and cosmetology, due to its biocompatibility and non-immunogenicity. However, these manipulations can cause complications, the most threatening of which is non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism. The article presents a not previously described case of this complication development in a 56-year-old man who underwent penis enlargement with unknown hyaluronic acid-based drug. He complained of general health problems, shortness of breath, sweating, weakness, nausea, tremor in the limbs, and had to seek medical attention on the day of intervention. The patient died next morning. A post-injection damage on the glans penis has been revealed in forensic autopsy, a large accumulation of foreign substance with jelly-like consistency has been found in the area of the root of penis, that was confirmed by histological study. The gel has been also found in the lumina of numerous vessels of the lung of different diameter. Spectrographic analysis established the uniformity of foreign substance from the soft tissues of the root of penis and lung vessels, and also allowed to identify it as hyaluronic acid or hyaluronic acid sodium salt. The objective of this article is to inform a wide forensic audience about the possibility of developing fatal non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism associated with hyaluronic acid injections.

Objective: To determine the shortfalls of medical documents for victims with facial injuries and concussions and the related challenges during forensic medical expert assessment of the injury.

Material and methods: The medical records of the victims and the reports of forensic examination of living persons were examined.

Results and conclusion: Facial injuries with concussion account for about 20% of all examinations of living persons. The morphological essence of the described lesions differs significantly among forensic medical experts and clinical doctors. Clinicians provide an excessive or insufficiently validated diagnosis of concussion, which is not confirmed during forensic medical examination in nearly 40% of cases. Forensic medical experts could determine the nature of trauma based on the study of medical documents only in 68% of cases. The efficacy of in-person expert examinations of victims is low. Some ambiguous provisions of regulations and medical criteria for determining the severity of harm caused to human health allow for arbitrary interpretation.

The article presents the results of experimental study of the features of injuries of clothing imitators (coarse calico) and parts of the human body as a result of shots from smoothbore 12-gauge firearms (12×70) with cartridges, equipped with metal alloy and plastic bullets. The distinctive features of morphology of experimental gunshot injuries caused by bullets of different construction have been given.

The objective of the study is to develop the methodology for conducting intralaboratory quality control of total IgG investigations in establishing species of the blood by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the Russian «IgG-total-ELISA-BEST» kit. A sequential 3-step algorithm presented by the article's authors can be used by experts of forensic biological units in carrying out quantitative ELISA to reveal possible errors that could invalidate the obtained results.

Examination of the corpses of people who died from general hypothermia in conditions of non-obviousness often causes difficulties in forensic evaluation. The article presents the reports of forensic medical experts and personal observations in relation to corpses of individuals who died from hypothermia on land (150 observations), and the personal photo archives of A.Yu. Chudakov. The signs of fatal general cold injury, obtained in conditions of human presence, on land (sometimes with combined cooling, pre-soaking in water), have been supplemented and specified by descriptions of various body positions (postures). The nature of postmortem postures of corpses of people has been evaluated. The data recorded in the reports of the corpses' examination at the site of detection (on the scene) were relevant for analysis.

Objective: To analyze the main anthropometric indicator - body length of children and adolescents - with a view to applying the current regional standard in the practice of forensic medical examinations in the constituent entity of the Volga Federal District.

Material and methods: Analysis of retrospective regional standards of the «body length» anthropometric indicator in 218 109 children and adolescents in 1944/45 and 1959/60, biometric systematics of the indicator for the modern population of children and adolescents aged 7-17 years (11 392 cases) in the Nizhny Novgorod Region were performed.

Results: Significant increases in the indicators of body length have been found in all age-sex groups. Evaluation tables, which allow to more argumentatively carry out age-sex identifications of anthropometric indicators im appropriate examinations, have been proposed.

Conclusion: It has been shown that modern environmental factors of natural and anthropogenic character make a corresponding contribution to the modifications of physical development's indicators in general and position body length in particular in the population of children and adolescents of the Nizhny Novgorod Region.

The article considers adopted forensic models of the victim's fall from standing position on the back and their adequacy to the real conditions. A frame-by-frame analysis of 250 video recordings of cases of victims' falls from standing position on the back - both spontaneous and with a preliminary given acceleration was performed. It has been noted that the most commonly used today forensic models do not correspond to the real dynamics of the fall.