Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa最新文献

The aim of this study is to research the stability of 2.6-di(propan-2-yl)phenol in biomaterial. GC-MS (column DB-5MS EVIDEX (25 m×0.2 mm); stationary liquid phase of 5%-phenyl-95% dimethylpolysiloxane), TLC (Sorbfil plates, mobile phase of hexane-diethyl ether (9:1) and spectrophotometry (solvent medium - 95% ethanol) were used as methods of analysis. 2.6-di(propan-2-yl)phenol was isolated from the biomatrix (liver tissue) by infusion with a mixture of ethyl acetate-acetone (7:3). The analyte was purified by combining extraction (water-ethyl acetate system) and semi-preparative chromatography on a column of silica gel L 40/100 µm, eluent - hexane-acetone (7:3). It was found that at -22 °C, 0 °C, 12 °C, 20 °C and 30 °C 2.6-di(propan-2-yl)phenol can be present in the liver tissue for 119, 98, 70, 56 and 42 days, respectively. The possibility of mathematical description of analyte decomposition dynamics in biomaterial (liver tissue) at the considered temperatures on the basis of hyperbola equation has been studied. The experimentally calculated coefficients in the hyperbola equation (k_m) for temperatures -22 °C, 0 °C, 12 °C, 20 °C and 30 °C are equal to 1823, 1130, 697, 510, and 255, respectively. The dependence k_m on the conserving temperature (t^о) was educed. The equation for the description of dependence is offered: k_m=30.61∙(50-t^o)-402.39. It is shown that this equation can be the basis for prediction of 2.6-di(propan-2-yl)phenol stability in biomaterial (liver tissue) in the temperature range from -22 °C to 30 °C.

The purpose of the work is to analyze the literature data devoted to the study of postmortem morphological changes in liver tissue and their use to determine the prescription of death. Postmortem changes are based on the processes of postmortem redistribution of blood and autolysis, the speed and severity of development of which depends primarily on the lifetime pathology, as well as external temperature and humidity during storage of the corpse. The onset of biological death naturally entails the development of postmortem changes in the liver, manifested by a decrease in temperature, violations of the structure of organelles, cells and organ tissue as a whole. The determination and evaluation of developing postmortem morphological changes is necessary both for differential diagnosis with lifetime-developed pathological processes, and for determining the prescription of death coming. This necessitates research to study the features of the development of postmortem changes and to develop ways to assess them to determine the prescription of death coming.

Main directions of scientific and scientific-practical activity of the professor Mikhail Ivanovich Avdeev are described in the article. These include: a set of scientific tasks to justify the staff and organizational structure, organization and justification of the expert work content in the specialized military forensic service, including the training programs development for specialization and thematic improvement of forensic experts; determining the limits of competence for forensic experts in determining the violent death type; systematization of causes and death conditions; establishing structure of sudden death causes in young persons; assessment of the pathogenetic role of trauma and pathology in the development of basal subarachnoid hemorrhages; formulation of the conceptual base content for forensic medicine; justification of a scientifically based sequence of forensic medicine reproduction; creation of a scientific school of military forensic experts; preparation and publication of about 50 textbooks, manuals and, monographs on forensic medicine, including the fundamental work «Forensic Medicine Course», «Forensic Examination of Living People», «Forensic Corpse Examination».

Objective: To analyze the quantitative and qualitative composition of main claims from proceeding parties, submitted to the conclusions of forensic medical examinations, based on appellate complaints from trial participants and associated with personal injury as a result of dental treatment.

Material and methods: The judgment materials for the period from 2013 to 2022 yrs. were examined.

Results and conclusion: The multiple increase in the claims frequency to the absence of normative references in experts' conclusions (from 5.7% in 2013-2017 yrs. to 32.2% in 2018-2022 yrs.) and answers on the presence of causal link (from 1.8% in 2013-2017 yrs. to 22.6% in 2018-2022 yrs.), as well as to ignoring the findings of other independent experts (from 7.9% in 2013-2017 yrs. to 19.1% in 2018-2022 yrs.), to the lack of documentation on used examination methods in research part (from 4.4% in 2013-2017 yrs. to 20.9% in 2018-2022 yrs.), to production of expert evidence without patient's observation (from 6.1% in 2013-2017 yrs. to 12.2% in 2018-2022 yrs.) and to a number of other issues, requiring a new approach to develop a system of internal quality and safety control for forensic medical examinations, have been revealed.

Objective: To find a way and form of presenting impedance metrics data to clarify prescription of death coming in a comprehensive assessment.

Material and methods: The impedance of biological objects was measured depending on prescription of death coming in standardized conditions (air temperature +4 °C, humidity 45%). The main examined postmortem period was 1 months. Measurements were made on 3 diagnostic zones of biological object and for 5 current frequency of the study. A total of 2100 readings were taken.

Results and conclusion: The studies performed in standardized conditions have showed that using impedance metrics method to diagnose prescription of death coming is possible. The analysis of only absolute impedance values is not sufficient to clarify prescription of death coming due to its undulating changes. The additional use of relative coefficients, characterizing impedance dispersion, is suggested. The study of possible using the impedance indicators of corpse's tissues to determine prescription of death coming should be performed with consideration to pathomorphology of degradation. Further study of impedance dynamics when corpse is under different conditions is necessary for development of a working algorithm to determine prescription of death coming based on tissue impedance.

The aim of this study is to identify the N-(adamantan-1-yl)-2-[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indole-3-yl]acetamide in extracted criminal sample using modern high-relable physico-chemical methods for the determination of organic matter (GC-MS, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, IR spectroscopy). It is possible to be used in expert practice, chemicotoxicological and forensic chemical analysis, and can improve knowledge about substances, belonging to synthetic cannabinoids. As a result of research, the test substance was identified and its mass spectral data, that absented in available sources during the investigation, were obtained. According to its chemical structure, N-(adamantan-1-yl)-2-[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indole-3-yl]acetamide is homolog of the synthetic cannabinoid N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide (ACBM-BZ-F). Therefore, the further substance study is of interest in order to find out its psychoactive features.

One of the main components of a gunshot injury is the entrance hole. Its characteristic features: round shape, size, the presence of a central tissue defect, abrasion collar (contamination, metallization), are differential diagnostic signs of an entrance gunshot injury. Under the conditions of the conducted experiments, the peculiarities of the variability of the described signs of the entrance holes on the clothing fabrics were studied, depending on the nature of the objects to be subjected and the contact velocity of the firearm projectile. The identified features must be taken into account when examining gunshot injuries, as well as planning and conducting experimental studies with firearms.

In order to identify the features of the injuries formation in cyclists who were injured in a collision of moving vehicles with a blow to the rear wheel area of a bicycle moving at a slower speed in the same direction, the authors analyzed the results of forensic medical examinations in relation to 151 corpses of cyclists who died in road accidents aged 4 to 74 years. It was found that with this type of bicycle injury, the structures of the head, chest, lower extremities, as well as the structures of the abdomen were most often injured. Injuries to the structure of the head were characterized by the formation of depressed-comminuted fractures: more often frontal-temporal, less often occipital bone. Bilateral fractures of the ribs were also quite frequent types of damage, mainly the upper ribs (up to 5-6 ribs) were damaged, most often along the midclavicular and anterior axillary lines. Lung contusions have been identified in most of the injured persons with chest structure injury. Injuries to the abdominal organs and retroperitoneal space were recorded in 22.27% of cases, with liver and spleen ruptures in the majority of cases. Spinal injuries in cyclists were detected in 13.25% of cases, injuries in the cervical spine prevailed: cervico-occipital injuries and fracture-dislocations, mainly between 1-2 and 3-4 or 6-7 cervical vertebrae with separation or contusion of the spinal cord. Injuries to the structure and organs of the pelvis in road accidents in cyclists were observed very rarely, which made it possible to distinguish this type of bicycle injuries from other types of transport and blunt injuries, in particular from automobile injuries. Injuries to the structure of the limbs of the victims were noted quite often: fractures of the upper limbs occurred when falling on the road surface and injury to the lower limbs was formed both during the contact of two vehicles and when the victims fell on the road surface.

The aim of the study: Is to establish the possibility of studying the vitreous body of the eye from embalmed corpses using the spin probe method to develop diagnostic criteria for the prescription of death coming. The article presents data showing the possibility of diagnosing the prescription of death coming by the method of spin probes with the examination of the vitreous body of the eye from embalmed corpses. A total of 510 spectra obtained during incubation of the 1-oxyl-4-oxo-2.2.6.6-tetramethyl-piperidin spin probe in the vitreous body were studied. Measurements of each of the 6 objects were carried out daily for 10 days after embalming. The prospects of studying the vitreous body by spin probes in embalmed corpses for the development of diagnostic criteria for the prescription of death coming up to 4 days from the moment of embalming have been established.