Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa最新文献

The objective of the study is to analyze existing measures and identify problematic aspects of ensuring the organization of infectious safety activity in forensic medical expert institutions, to develop ways of their solution. Documents regulating the functional principles of forensic medical expert institutions in cases of detection or suspicion of infectious pathology have been examined. Specific proposals for the development of a system to ensure infectious safety in the organization of work in the bureau of forensic medical expertise have been formulated.

The objective of the study: Is to identify the effectiveness of cooperation between forensic expert institutions on the basis of approaches to determining their one-pointedness. Legislative and regulatory legal acts regulating forensic expert activity have been studied. Methods of synthesis, analysis and comparison have been used for their processing. The comparison of the carrying out of targeted diversified studies has been conducted. The article substantiates a necessity of uniform approaches to determination of one-pointedness of forensic expert institutions in order to increase the effectiveness of interdepartmental interaction.

The objective of the study: Is to identify the main communication problems encountered by forensic medical experts and specialists during the interdepartmental interaction, and to develop proposals to overcome them. A comprehensive approach was used to achieve the aim of the research, including the carrying out of a qualitative focus group interview of forensic medical experts and resident doctors. The main communicative problems have been determined and proposals for their elimination have been formulated, the types of communication trainings on interdepartmental interaction have been identified.

Objective: To systematize the mechanisms of formation and morphology of secondary ischemic brain damage, formed in the case of craniocerebral injury.

Material and methods: A literature review devoted to the study of formation mechanisms of secondary ischemic brain damage in craniocerebral injury was conducted. The secondary sequential and secondary long-term ischemic brain damage in the posttraumatic period, as well as intracranial and extracranial factors that contribute to their occurrence and progression, were considered.

Results and conclusion: Analysis of the literature has shown that primary lesions occurring at the time of head injury must be differentiated from sequential and long-term secondary ischemic changes in different brain structures.

There are cases of skeletal developmental features that have high identification significance for the search of missing person in forensic medical practice of skeletal remains examination. The features of the skull's anatomical structure may indicate the presence of some clinical syndromes, for which a person could have sought medical attention in the lifetime. In the described case, elongated styloid appendages of the temporal bones were identified on the skull of an unknown person found within the territory of the Leningrad region, which could be a sign of the stylohyoid syndrome (Eagle syndrome). Various clinical picture could be observed depending on the size and degree of styloid processes. The objective of the forensic medical expert was to establish the probability of occurrence of the stylohyoid syndrome and its possible clinical signs.

A technology of mobile devices on the basis of Android and iOS sharing, in which previously trained neural networks on the mobile device with the use of the Skull-face program place the reference points in automatic mode with subsequent analysis of the images and obtaining the result in less than 1 min, has been developed. Data processing and acquisition of results immediately at the scene of an accident can provide invaluable assistance in the mass admission of unidentified corpses in cases of emergency; will allow to rapidly, excluding the influence of subjective factor, solve expert tasks, improve the accuracy, effectiveness and performance of forensic personality identification.

The objective of the study is to determine the possibility and the right to choose the directions of self-education and self-development by forensic medical experts within the framework of personal and professional development program in the educational trajectory formation. The materials of special and encyclopaedic literature including pedagogical and sociological sciences, as well as legal framework regulating the processes of continuing medical education have been studied. The choice of educational trajectory of forensic physician depending on personal benchmarks, self-education building and participation in educational activities has been defined.

The aim of the work is to study the nature of the distribution of 2-A-4.6-DNP in the organisms of warm-blooded animals with intragastric administration of a toxicant. The study was carried out using the methods of TLC, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and GC-MS using derivatives of 2-A-4.6-DNP. Male Wistar rats at the age of 4 months were considered as a model of the body of a warm-blooded animal. An oily suspension of 2-A-4.6-DNF was administered intragastrically in an amount of three times the LD₅₀. Extraction of the target substance from the biomaterial was carried out by double infusion (30 minutes each) with a mixture of acetone-acetonitrile (1:1), the amount of the mixture exceeded the weight of the biomaterial by 2 times. Extractions were purified by TLC method using «Sorbfil» plates and acetone-chloroform (7: 3) mobile phase. Preliminary identification was carried out at the same time using a standard substance. Confirmatory identification was carried out by the absorption of dimethylformamide eluates in «SF-2000», as well as by the retention time and mass spectra of the major compound of the corresponding chromatographic peaks after GC-MS analysis. The quantitative content was determined spectrophotometrically, in DMF, by optical density at the analytical wavelength (490 nm). 2-Amino-4.6-dinitrophenol was found unchanged in the blood and in all the studied hollow and parenchymal organs of poisoned rats. The largest amount of 2-amino-4.6-dinitrophenol (mg/100 g) was found in the stomach walls (199.39±25.43) and stomach contents (143.14±22.63), a significant amount of the substance was found in the heart (33.49±3.66), skeletal muscles (30.70±2.64), as well as in the spleen (24.30±1.96).

Vibrational spectroscopy combined with machine learning has a great potential for forensic research. Portable Raman spectrometers are already being used by law-enforcement agencies to identify drugs. Several new technologies based on vibrational spectroscopy, that can be used in forensic science to analyze documents, gunshot traces, cloths, soil, hair, nails and lacquer, are being developed nowadays. The article considers the use of vibrational spectroscopy in forensic practice for conducting serological studies with an emphasis on the development of a universal method of identifying the main secretions of the body. The method allows to determine the time elapsed since the trace was made, as well as the phenotypic profile of host, including sex, race and age.

The article presents a case of expert evaluation of poisoning with chlorohexidine in the case of intravenous administration to a maternity woman who entered the maternity department for a planned cesarean section, contrary to the instructions for the use of this antiseptic, intended only for external or cavity application. The toxic effect of chlorohexidine began with thoracic discomfort, shortness of breath, then deep hypoxic phenomena in the form of diffuse cyanosis of the skin, facial pastoralism, respiratory disorders requiring ventilation, acute decrease of oxygen saturation in the blood up to 77% with further decrease to 60%, a pattern of pronounced hemorrhagic edema in the lungs, occurred when consciousness was absent. The consequences of poisoning are assessed as life-threatening from the forensic medical position, and uterus removal to prevent a heavy atonic hemorrhage is considered as loss of the organ. These features are characterized as causing serious harm to health. The legal evaluation of the health workers' actions is the prerogative of the juridical investigative authorities.